WO2001037002A1 - Seismic surveying with steerable propulsion devices secured to seismic cable - Google Patents

Seismic surveying with steerable propulsion devices secured to seismic cable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001037002A1
WO2001037002A1 PCT/IB2000/001558 IB0001558W WO0137002A1 WO 2001037002 A1 WO2001037002 A1 WO 2001037002A1 IB 0001558 W IB0001558 W IB 0001558W WO 0137002 A1 WO0137002 A1 WO 0137002A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
seismic
seabed
steerable
steerable propulsion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2000/001558
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Canter
Olav Lindtjorn
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Holdings Limited
Schlumberger Canada Limited
Services Petroliers Schlumberger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Holdings Limited, Schlumberger Canada Limited, Services Petroliers Schlumberger filed Critical Schlumberger Holdings Limited
Priority to AU79390/00A priority Critical patent/AU7939000A/en
Publication of WO2001037002A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001037002A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3817—Positioning of seismic devices
    • G01V1/3826—Positioning of seismic devices dynamic steering, e.g. by paravanes or birds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3843—Deployment of seismic devices, e.g. of streamers
    • G01V1/3852—Deployment of seismic devices, e.g. of streamers to the seabed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to seismic surveying, and is more particularly but not exclusively concerned with methods of seismic surveying in which one or more seismic cables containing multicomponent sensors are deployed on the seabed.
  • a method of seismic surveying in which at least one seismic cable is deployed from a seismic survey vessel onto the seabed, the method comprising attaching a plurality of steerable propulsion devices to the cable at intervals along its length, and controlling said devices so as to move said cable to its desired position on the seabed.
  • each device is monitored by means of an acoustic positioning system, eg of the type disclosed in our US Patents Nos 4,992,990 and 5,668,775, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • an acoustic positioning system eg of the type disclosed in our US Patents Nos 4,992,990 and 5,668,775, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • each of said steerable propulsion devices is propelled by an electrically operated propulsion unit, the electric power for each propulsion unit being supplied from the vessel via the cable to which the device is attached.
  • the method comprises deploying a plurality of such seismic cables, each having a plurality of such steerable propulsion devices secured thereto, substantially concurrently.
  • the invention also includes a seismic cable for deployment on the seabed, said cable having a plurality of steerable propulsion devices secured to it at intervals along its length for moving the cable to its desired position on the seabed
  • Each steerable propulsion device preferably comprises an acoustic sensor by means of which the position of the device can be monitored
  • each of said steerable propulsion devices comprises an electrically powered propulsion unit arranged to receive electrical power via the cable to which the device is attached
  • Each steerable propulsion device may comprise a body member adapted to be secured to or in series with the cable, the propulsion unit being attached to or forming part of the body member
  • the propulsion unit which may include a propeller or a water jet, may be arranged to produce a propulsive force whose direction with respect to the body member is adjustable in order to achieve steering, or the body member may be provided with two independently controllable wings in order to achieve steering In this latter case, the body member and wings can be substantially as described in our UK Patent No 2 331 971 , the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic representation of a seismic survey vessel performing a seismic survey using a method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged views of part of the apparatus of Figure 1 A typical scenario involving the use of the present invention will now be described
  • An area for a four component seismic seabed survey is identified It is in deep water, mostly open but with a drilling platform in the middle
  • Pre-selected positions for 4C cables to be placed are selected The positions include some parallel line up of cables and other patterns for optimal imaging and illumination
  • a seismic survey vessel arrives on station with a high resolution each sounder and side scan sonar for scouting, and a detailed map of the sea bottom morphology is made Detailed maps of the sea bottom are also made (or obtained from previous surveys) for the portion of the survey obstructed by the platform
  • GIS Geographic Information Systems
  • the GIS systems identify sea bottom features where cable snagging is likely New positions are selected
  • the GIS systems are also used to identify the placement positions for cables around the rig taking into account seabottom rig based equipment
  • the seismic survey vessel prepares the 4C cables of the present invention for deployment, by attaching steerable propulsion units (or “swimmers”) at 300 metre intervals along the cables these swimmers include water nozzles which generate thrust, or small propellers
  • a power lead and swimmer controller (SC) is attached at the head of each of the cables
  • Miniature video cameras are attached to or embedded in the cables at 300 metre intervals An ROV is on standby in case of bottom snagging.
  • Each cable is six kilometres long.
  • Each SC is downloaded with a planned route for its cable to the initial parking position (PP) of the cable.
  • the SC gives instructions to each swimmer on vertical and horizontal forces to apply.
  • the cable swims (or flies) to its PP.
  • IRMA acoustics as described in our US Patent No 5,668,775, are used to accurately determine the position of each Swimmer at all times, using respective GPS systems on the survey vessel and on the source-towing vessel mentioned below to define at least two reference positions.
  • the first shooting sequence is completed.
  • Each SC is downloaded with new swimming instructions. Each swimmer gets instructions on the vertical and horizontal forces to apply to its cable. If one of the cables snags, an ROV with robot arms is sent to free the cable. When all cables reach their new PP, shooting commences and the sequence is repeated. The cables never surface until the area is covered.
  • Figure 1 shows a seismic survey vessel 10 from which a four component seismic cable 12, containing longitudinally distributed hydrophones and three component geophones, has already been deployed into the water, so that it can be positioned in a predetermined parking position 14 on the seabed.
  • the seismic cable 12 is connected to the vessel 10 by an armoured power, control signal and data cable 16, and has a plurality of steerable propulsion units 20 connected in or to it at 300 metre intervals.
  • each steerable propulsion unit 20 comprises a body 22, a propulsion device 24 in the form of an electrically powered water jet secured to the body 22, and a pair of oppositely extending, independently controllable wings 26 projecting from the body 22.
  • the body 22 and wings 26 are based on those of the streamer control device (or "bird") described in our UK Patent No 2 331 971.
  • Each steerable propulsion unit 20 is also provided with an acoustic sensor 28 and a microprocessor-based controller 30.
  • a controller 32 on the vessel 10 has the desired individual parking position of each steerable propulsion unit 20 in the overall parking position 14 loaded into it.
  • An acoustic positioning system of the kind described in our US Patent No 5,668,775 continuously determines the actual position of each steerable propulsion unit 20 with reference to at least the positions of the vessel 10 and the aforementioned source-towing vessel (not shown), the acoustic signals emitted by the system being picked up by the sensors 28 and relayed back via the cable 12 and the cable 16 to the vessel 10, where the actual position determinations are carried out.
  • the controller 32 calculates the steering signals required to steer each unit 20 from its actual position to its desired position, and transmits these steering signals via the cables 16 and 12 to the units 20.
  • the controllers 30 translate these steering signals into respective wing angles for the wings 26 and control signals for the propulsion device 24. Electrical power for the units 20, and in particular for their propulsion devices 24, is also transmitted via the cables 16 and 12.
  • the seismic survey is performed using moving acoustic sources such as airguns or marine vibrators in the usual way, with the reflected seismic signals being picked up by hydrophones and geophones distributed along the length of the cable 12.
  • the steering of the steerable propulsion units 20 can be assisted or effected by making the propulsion devices 24 swivellable with respect to the bodies 22 of the units.
  • the propulsion units 24 can be propellers rather than water jets.
  • the units 20 can be spaced apart by more or less than 300 metres, depending on their size and propulsive power.
  • the seismic cable 12 need not be a four component cable containing hydrophones and three component geophones: it could contain just hydrophones and single component geophones, or even just hydrophones and no geophones.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

A method of seismic surveying comprises deploying at least one seismic cable from a seismic survey vessel onto the seabed. To accurately position the cable at a desired location on the seabed, the cable is provided with steerable propulsion devices, which are attached to it at 300 metre intervals along its length, and which are powered and controlled via the cable.

Description

SEISMIC SURVEYING WITH STEERABLE PROPULSION DEVICES SECURED TO SEISMIC CABLE
This invention relates to seismic surveying, and is more particularly but not exclusively concerned with methods of seismic surveying in which one or more seismic cables containing multicomponent sensors are deployed on the seabed.
Currently, seismic cables for use on the seabed are deployed by unreeling them one at a time over the stern of a seismic survey vessel as the vessel moves from one end to the other of the area to be surveyed. However, this method is rather time consuming, and accurate positioning of the cables along desired lines on the seabed is rather difficult to achieve. It is an object of the present invention to alleviate these drawbacks.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of seismic surveying in which at least one seismic cable is deployed from a seismic survey vessel onto the seabed, the method comprising attaching a plurality of steerable propulsion devices to the cable at intervals along its length, and controlling said devices so as to move said cable to its desired position on the seabed.
Advantageously, the position of each device is monitored by means of an acoustic positioning system, eg of the type disclosed in our US Patents Nos 4,992,990 and 5,668,775, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Conveniently, each of said steerable propulsion devices is propelled by an electrically operated propulsion unit, the electric power for each propulsion unit being supplied from the vessel via the cable to which the device is attached.
Preferably, the method comprises deploying a plurality of such seismic cables, each having a plurality of such steerable propulsion devices secured thereto, substantially concurrently. The invention also includes a seismic cable for deployment on the seabed, said cable having a plurality of steerable propulsion devices secured to it at intervals along its length for moving the cable to its desired position on the seabed
Each steerable propulsion device preferably comprises an acoustic sensor by means of which the position of the device can be monitored
Conveniently, each of said steerable propulsion devices comprises an electrically powered propulsion unit arranged to receive electrical power via the cable to which the device is attached
Each steerable propulsion device may comprise a body member adapted to be secured to or in series with the cable, the propulsion unit being attached to or forming part of the body member The propulsion unit, which may include a propeller or a water jet, may be arranged to produce a propulsive force whose direction with respect to the body member is adjustable in order to achieve steering, or the body member may be provided with two independently controllable wings in order to achieve steering In this latter case, the body member and wings can be substantially as described in our UK Patent No 2 331 971 , the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which
Figure 1 is a somewhat schematic representation of a seismic survey vessel performing a seismic survey using a method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention, and
Figures 2 and 3 are enlarged views of part of the apparatus of Figure 1 A typical scenario involving the use of the present invention will now be described
An area for a four component seismic seabed survey is identified It is in deep water, mostly open but with a drilling platform in the middle
Pre-selected positions for 4C cables to be placed are selected The positions include some parallel line up of cables and other patterns for optimal imaging and illumination
A seismic survey vessel arrives on station with a high resolution each sounder and side scan sonar for scouting, and a detailed map of the sea bottom morphology is made Detailed maps of the sea bottom are also made (or obtained from previous surveys) for the portion of the survey obstructed by the platform
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used for 'Virtual Scouting' of the pre-selected cable positions The GIS systems identify sea bottom features where cable snagging is likely New positions are selected The GIS systems are also used to identify the placement positions for cables around the rig taking into account seabottom rig based equipment
The seismic survey vessel prepares the 4C cables of the present invention for deployment, by attaching steerable propulsion units (or "swimmers") at 300 metre intervals along the cables these swimmers include water nozzles which generate thrust, or small propellers
A power lead and swimmer controller (SC) is attached at the head of each of the cables
Miniature video cameras are attached to or embedded in the cables at 300 metre intervals An ROV is on standby in case of bottom snagging.
Six cables are deployed simultaneously. Each cable is six kilometres long.
Each SC is downloaded with a planned route for its cable to the initial parking position (PP) of the cable. The SC gives instructions to each swimmer on vertical and horizontal forces to apply. The cable swims (or flies) to its PP. IRMA acoustics, as described in our US Patent No 5,668,775, are used to accurately determine the position of each Swimmer at all times, using respective GPS systems on the survey vessel and on the source-towing vessel mentioned below to define at least two reference positions.
As the cable approaches its PP, video is enabled to ensure a clean parking space.
Once all cables are in place, shooting begins, using a source towed by another vessel.
The first shooting sequence is completed.
Each SC is downloaded with new swimming instructions. Each swimmer gets instructions on the vertical and horizontal forces to apply to its cable. If one of the cables snags, an ROV with robot arms is sent to free the cable. When all cables reach their new PP, shooting commences and the sequence is repeated. The cables never surface until the area is covered.
The implementation of the above scenario is illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 shows a seismic survey vessel 10 from which a four component seismic cable 12, containing longitudinally distributed hydrophones and three component geophones, has already been deployed into the water, so that it can be positioned in a predetermined parking position 14 on the seabed. The seismic cable 12 is connected to the vessel 10 by an armoured power, control signal and data cable 16, and has a plurality of steerable propulsion units 20 connected in or to it at 300 metre intervals.
As best seen in Figures 2 and 3, each steerable propulsion unit 20 comprises a body 22, a propulsion device 24 in the form of an electrically powered water jet secured to the body 22, and a pair of oppositely extending, independently controllable wings 26 projecting from the body 22. The body 22 and wings 26 are based on those of the streamer control device (or "bird") described in our UK Patent No 2 331 971.
Each steerable propulsion unit 20 is also provided with an acoustic sensor 28 and a microprocessor-based controller 30.
In use, a controller 32 on the vessel 10 has the desired individual parking position of each steerable propulsion unit 20 in the overall parking position 14 loaded into it. An acoustic positioning system of the kind described in our US Patent No 5,668,775 continuously determines the actual position of each steerable propulsion unit 20 with reference to at least the positions of the vessel 10 and the aforementioned source-towing vessel (not shown), the acoustic signals emitted by the system being picked up by the sensors 28 and relayed back via the cable 12 and the cable 16 to the vessel 10, where the actual position determinations are carried out. The controller 32 then calculates the steering signals required to steer each unit 20 from its actual position to its desired position, and transmits these steering signals via the cables 16 and 12 to the units 20. The controllers 30 translate these steering signals into respective wing angles for the wings 26 and control signals for the propulsion device 24. Electrical power for the units 20, and in particular for their propulsion devices 24, is also transmitted via the cables 16 and 12.
Once the cable 12 is parked in the desired parking position 14, the seismic survey is performed using moving acoustic sources such as airguns or marine vibrators in the usual way, with the reflected seismic signals being picked up by hydrophones and geophones distributed along the length of the cable 12.
Several modifications can be made to the described embodiment of the invention. For example, the steering of the steerable propulsion units 20 can be assisted or effected by making the propulsion devices 24 swivellable with respect to the bodies 22 of the units. Additionally, the propulsion units 24 can be propellers rather than water jets. Furthermore, the units 20 can be spaced apart by more or less than 300 metres, depending on their size and propulsive power. Finally, the seismic cable 12 need not be a four component cable containing hydrophones and three component geophones: it could contain just hydrophones and single component geophones, or even just hydrophones and no geophones.

Claims

1. A method of seismic surveying in which at least one seismic cable is deployed from a seismic survey vessel onto the seabed, the method comprising attaching a plurality of steerable propulsion devices to the cable at intervals along its length, and controlling said devices so as to move said cable to its desired position on the seabed.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the position of each device is monitored by means of an acoustic positioning system.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each of said steerable propulsion devices is propelled by an electrically operated propulsion unit, the electric power for each propulsion unit being supplied from the vessel via the cable to which the device is attached.
4. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, including deploying a plurality of such seismic cables, each having a plurality of such steerable propulsion devices secured thereto, substantially concurrently.
5. A seismic cable for deployment on the seabed, said cable having a plurality of steerable propulsion devices secured to it at intervals along its length for moving the cable to its desired position on the seabed.
6. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 5, wherein each steerable propulsion device comprises an acoustic sensor by means of which the position of the device can be monitored.
7. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6, wherein each of said steerable propulsion devices comprises an electrically powered propulsion unit arranged to receive electrical power via the cable to which the device is attached.
8. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 7, wherein each steerable propulsion device may comprise a body member adapted to be secured to or in series with the cable, the propulsion unit being attached to or forming part of the body member.
9. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 8, wherein the propulsion unit is arranged to produce a propulsive force whose direction with respect to the body member is adjustable in order to achieve steering.
10. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 8, wherein the body member is provided with two independently controllable wings in order to achieve steering.
11. A seismic cable as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10, comprising a plurality of hydrophones distributed along the length of the cable.
12. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 11 , further comprising a plurality of geophones distributed along the length of the cable.
13. A seismic cable as claimed in claim 12, wherein said geophones are three component geophones.
PCT/IB2000/001558 1999-10-29 2000-10-27 Seismic surveying with steerable propulsion devices secured to seismic cable WO2001037002A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU79390/00A AU7939000A (en) 1999-10-29 2000-10-27 Seismic surveying with steerable propulsion devices secured to seismic cable

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GBGB9925563.0A GB9925563D0 (en) 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Seismic surveying
GB9925563.0 1999-10-29

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2421310A (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-21 Pgs Americas Inc Steering a marine seismic streamer by ejecting water through outlet ports
FR2890179A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-02 Westerngeco Seismic Holdings AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR POSITIONING MARINE SEISMIC EQUIPMENT
WO2008113914A2 (en) * 2007-02-19 2008-09-25 Georges Grall System of automotive seismic streamers
GB2491700A (en) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-12 Pgs Geophysical As Vertically oriented streamers having a plurality of hydrophones and three-axis motion detectors
WO2012085590A3 (en) * 2010-12-23 2013-05-30 Go Science Limited Deployment and retrieval of seabed device
WO2013041838A3 (en) * 2011-09-21 2013-10-10 Go Science Limited Deployment of seabed device
WO2014041117A2 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Cgg Services Sa Method and underwater node for seismic survey

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US3496526A (en) * 1968-11-19 1970-02-17 Gulf General Atomic Inc Seismic cable depth control system
FR2496277A1 (en) * 1980-12-11 1982-06-18 Petroles Cie Francaise Underwater seismic exploration system - uses self-propelled floats travelling adjacent to ship to tow seismic detectors and remotely controlled by mother
US5790472A (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-08-04 Western Atlas International, Inc. Adaptive control of marine seismic streamers
US5894450A (en) * 1997-04-15 1999-04-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Mobile underwater arrays
GB2331971A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-06-09 Schlumberger Holdings Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer
FR2772931A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-06-25 Geophysique Cie Gle System for monitoring the placement of a seismic cable, from a ship, onto the sea bed.
FR2795527A1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2000-12-29 Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas Underwater seismic prospecting device for deep water comprises variable floatability tubes

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3496526A (en) * 1968-11-19 1970-02-17 Gulf General Atomic Inc Seismic cable depth control system
FR2496277A1 (en) * 1980-12-11 1982-06-18 Petroles Cie Francaise Underwater seismic exploration system - uses self-propelled floats travelling adjacent to ship to tow seismic detectors and remotely controlled by mother
GB2331971A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-06-09 Schlumberger Holdings Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer
US5790472A (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-08-04 Western Atlas International, Inc. Adaptive control of marine seismic streamers
US5894450A (en) * 1997-04-15 1999-04-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Mobile underwater arrays
FR2772931A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-06-25 Geophysique Cie Gle System for monitoring the placement of a seismic cable, from a ship, onto the sea bed.
FR2795527A1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2000-12-29 Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas Underwater seismic prospecting device for deep water comprises variable floatability tubes

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2421310A (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-21 Pgs Americas Inc Steering a marine seismic streamer by ejecting water through outlet ports
GB2421310B (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-05-21 Pgs Americas Inc Apparatus for steering a marine seismic streamer via controlled water ejection
FR2890179A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-02 Westerngeco Seismic Holdings AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR POSITIONING MARINE SEISMIC EQUIPMENT
WO2008113914A2 (en) * 2007-02-19 2008-09-25 Georges Grall System of automotive seismic streamers
WO2008113914A3 (en) * 2007-02-19 2009-07-09 Georges Grall System of automotive seismic streamers
WO2012085590A3 (en) * 2010-12-23 2013-05-30 Go Science Limited Deployment and retrieval of seabed device
GB2491700A (en) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-12 Pgs Geophysical As Vertically oriented streamers having a plurality of hydrophones and three-axis motion detectors
GB2491700B (en) * 2011-06-07 2015-02-18 Pgs Geophysical As System and method of a marine survey using vertically oriented sensor streamers
US9086502B2 (en) 2011-06-07 2015-07-21 Pgs Geophysical As System and method of a marine survey using vertically oriented sensor streamers
AU2012202715B2 (en) * 2011-06-07 2016-04-14 Pgs Geophysical As System and method of a marine survey using vertically oriented sensor streamers
WO2013041838A3 (en) * 2011-09-21 2013-10-10 Go Science Limited Deployment of seabed device
WO2014041117A2 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Cgg Services Sa Method and underwater node for seismic survey
WO2014041117A3 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-10-09 Cgg Services Sa Method and underwater node for seismic survey
US9383471B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2016-07-05 Cgg Services Sa Method and underwater node for seismic survey

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GB9925563D0 (en) 1999-12-29

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