WO2001035765A2 - Nutritional supplement systems for populations of women - Google Patents

Nutritional supplement systems for populations of women Download PDF

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WO2001035765A2
WO2001035765A2 PCT/US2000/041607 US0041607W WO0135765A2 WO 2001035765 A2 WO2001035765 A2 WO 2001035765A2 US 0041607 W US0041607 W US 0041607W WO 0135765 A2 WO0135765 A2 WO 0135765A2
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vitamin
physiologically acceptable
acceptable carriers
individual
formulation
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PCT/US2000/041607
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WO2001035765A3 (en
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Irwin H. Rosenberg
Susan Harris
Claire P. Mansur
Joel Mason
Simin Nikbin Meydani
Miriam Nelson
Martin Obin
Elizabeth M. Ross
Ronenn Roubenoff
Edward Saltzman
Scott A. Shikora
Leo J. Seman
Sara Booth
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Tufts University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/15—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

Nutritional supplement systems that are of particular benefit for perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women are provided. Such systems comprise a base nutritional supplement, generally designed to compensate for insufficient dietary intake that is typical for this population. In addition, a supplement system may comprise one or more nutritional boost formulations, which are designed to benefit specific conditions. Nutritional supplement systems may be used to provide health benefits for individual women, especially in the 45-60 year old age range.

Description

NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT SYSTEMS FOR POPULATIONS OF WOMEN
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to nutritional supplements. The invention is more particularly related to multivitamin, multimineral supplements that are of particular benefit for perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Nutrition is generally recognized as a key factor in human health maintenance. Nonetheless, even in developed countries, some nutrients are consistently consumed in lower than recommended amounts due to, for example, of extensive food processing or limited dietary sources. Nutritional supplements can be beneficial when the recommended intakes are difficult to attain within the diet, or when levels greater than the recommended intakes are indicated. Accordingly, vitamin and mineral supplement use is becoming commonplace in the United States and elsewhere, with nearly half of the American adult population reporting some use of nutritional supplements. Women consume more supplements than men (26.8% and 20.2%, respectively), with the highest supplement use reported among perimenopausal and early menopausal women (aged 45-60). Although dietary supplements are not intended to replace intakes from food sources, most products currently on the market contain nutrients at levels equivalent to or greater than their corresponding dietary recommendation. By providing or exceeding the recommended intake for all nutrients in a dietary supplement, the role of foods in providing necessary nutrients may be diminished, interfering with goals to achieve a healthy diet. Further, safe levels of certain nutrients may be exceeded, resulting in potentially dangerous overdoses. For example, exceeding the RDA for the fat-soluble vitamins A and D by a factor of four or five can result in toxic effects. Such effects for vitamin A include increased intracranial pressure (pseudotumor cerebri), bulging fontanels, nausea, vomiting, headache, lethargy, papilledema, visual disturbances and dizziness. For vitamin D, toxicity may be characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, confusion, weight loss, bone and/or abdominal pain, polydipsia and polyuria. Higher doses of these vitamins may result in even more serious effects, potentially leading to death. Even the water soluble vitamins, which are commonly thought of as having minimal risks associated with overdose, can have toxic effects. High levels of vitamin C, for example, may result in gastrointestinal distress such as nausea, cramps and diarrhea. Vitamin B-6 can, at high doses, result in axonal neuropathy that impairs the sensations of vibration, proprioception, light touch, pinprick and temperature. High levels of zinc have also been reported to cause a microcytic anemia and copper deficiency, as well as a severe lethargy.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for nutritional supplements tailored to compensate for dietary inadequacies of specific populations, such as perimenopausal and early menopausal women, without substantially exceeding such inadequacies. The present invention fulfills this need and further provides other related advantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated, the present invention provides nutritional supplements and formulations, which may be used to achieve health benefits in patients, such as 45-60 year old women. Within certain aspects, the present invention provides base nutritional supplements, comprising: (a) at least 9 nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, folate, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, copper, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin K, iron, magnesium and pantothenic acid, wherein each of the foregoing nutrients is present in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for the nutrient in a population, results in an amount of nutrient equal to 50% to 110% of a recommended intake for the nutrient in the population; (b) vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, vitamin D and vitamin C in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for vitamin C in the population, results in an amount of nutrient equal to 1 10% to 250% of a recommended intake for the nutrient in the population; (c) vitamin E in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for vitamin E in the population, results in an amount of vitamin E equal to 250% to 800%) of a recommended intake for vitamin E in the population; and (d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers. The population may, for example, be women aged 45 to 60.
Within further aspects, base nutritional supplements are provided, comprising (a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, folate, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, copper, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin K, iron, magnesium and pantothenic acid, wherein each nutrient is present in an amount ranging from 15% to 100% of a recommended intake for the nutrient; (b) vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, vitamin D and vitamin C in an amount ranging from 50% to 135% of a recommended intake for the nutrient; (c) vitamin E in an amount ranging from 100% to 650%) of a recommended intake for the nutrient; and (d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
The present invention further provides, within other aspects, base nutritional supplements, comprising: (a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of: (i) 200 to 1200 mg calcium; (ii) 60 to 400 μg folate; (iii) 120 to 800 μg vitamin A; (iv) 0.2 to 1.1 mg thiamin; (v) 2 to 14 mg niacin; (vi) 0.2 to 1.5 mg copper; (vii) 2 to 12 mg zinc; (viii) 0.2 to 1.1 mg riboflavin; (ix) 19 to 65 μg vitamin K; (x) 4 to 6 mg iron; (xi) 90-200 mg magnesium; and (xii) 1.2 to 2.8 mg pantothenic acid; (b) 1.2 to 2.8 μg vitamin B-12; (c) 0.8 to 1.9 μg vitamin B-6; (d) 30 to 100 mg vitamin C; (e) 5 to 25 μg vitamin D; (f) 10 to 56 mg vitamin E; and (g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers. Within certain embodiments, a base nutritional supplement consists essentially of the foregoing components.
Within further aspects, a base nutritional supplement provided herein may comprise: (a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of: (i) 450 to 990 mg calcium; (ii) 70 to 150 μg folate; (iii) 300 to 680 μg vitamin A; (iv) 0.3 to 0.7 mg thiamin; (v) 3.2 to 7.0 mg niacin; (vi) 0.5 to 1.1 mg copper; (vii) 4 to 9 mg zinc; (viii) 0.3 to 0.6 mg riboflavin; (ix) 20 to 43 μg vitamin K; (x) 4.5 to 5.5 mg iron; (xi) 150-200 mg magnesium; and (xii) 2.2 to 2.8 mg pantothenic acid; (b) 1.2 to 2.4 μg vitamin B-12; (c) 0.8 to 1.5 μg vitamin B-6; (d) 40 to 100 mg vitamin C; (e) 5 to 10 μg vitamin D; (f) 8 to 50 mg vitamin E; and (g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers. Certain embodiments of such base nutritional supplements comprise: (a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of: (i) 500 mg calcium; (ii) 140 μg folate; (iii) 600 μg vitamin A; (iv) 0.6 mg thiamin; (v) 6 mg niacin; (vi) 1 mg copper; (vii) 8 mg zinc; (viii) 0.5 mg riboflavin; (ix) 40 μg vitamin K; (x) 5 mg iron; (xi) 180 mg magnesium; and (xii) 2.5 mg pantothenic acid; (b) 2.4 μg vitamin B-12; (c) 1.5 μg vitamin B-6; (d) 80 mg vitamin C; (e) 10 μg vitamin D; (f) 40 mg vitamin E; and (g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
The present invention further provides, within other aspects, boost formulations designed to benefit particular conditions. Within certain such aspects, nutritional boost formulations for skeletal and joint health are provided. Such formulations may comprise: (a) 300 to 2500 mg calcium; (b) 80 to 300 mg vitamin C; (c) 2.5 to 50 μg vitamin D; (d) 8 to 240 mg vitamin E; (e) 10 to 80 μg vitamin K; and (f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers. Other such formulations comprise: (a) 400 to 850 mg calcium; (b) 80 to 250 mg vitamin C; (c) 2.5 to 10 μg vitamin D; (d) 8 to 20 mg vitamin E; (e) 20 to 40 μg vitamin K; and (f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers. Within further aspects, boost formulations for visual system protection are provided. Such formulation may comprise: a) 200 to 300 mg vitamin C; (b) 8 to 55 mg vitamin E; and (c) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
Nutritional boost formulations for skin health are also provided, comprising: (a) 500 to 700 μg vitamin A; (b) 60 to 150 mg vitamin C; (c) 5 to 15 mg vitamin E; and (d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
Also provided, within other aspects, are nutritional boost formulations for colon health. Such formulations may comprise (a) 200 to 2500 mg calcium; (b) 100 to 300 μg folate; (c) 30 to 450 μg selenium; (d) 5 to 50 μg vitamin D; and (e) a physiologically acceptable carrier. Other such formulations comprise: (a) 400 to 800 mg calcium; (b) 200 to 280 μg folate; (c) 55 to 250 μg selenium; (d) 5 to 10 μg vitamin D; and (e) a physiologically acceptable carrier.
Within further aspects, the present invention provides nutritional boost formulations for cardiovascular and cognitive health. Such formulations generally comprise: (a) 100 to 1000 μg folate; (b) 100 to 550 μg vitamin B-12; (c) 1 to 100 mg vitamin B-6; (d) 50 to 500 mg vitamin C; (e) 50 to 240 mg vitamin E; and (f) a physiologically acceptable carrier. Other such formulations comprise: (a) 200 to 450 μg folate; (b) 200 to 550 μg vitamin B-12; (c) 1.2 to 5.0 mg vitamin B-6; (d) 100 to 300 mg vitamin C; (e) 100 to 220 mg vitamin E; and (f) a physiologically acceptable carrier.
The present invention further provides, within other aspects, nutritional boost formulations for immune function protection. Such formulations may comprise: (a) 100 to 300 μg folate; (b) 5 to 80 μg selenium; (c) 1 to 550 μg vitamin B-12; (d) 1 to 100 mg vitamin B-6; (e) 40 to 500 mg vitamin C; (f) 100 to 240 mg vitamin E; (g) 0.5 to 2 mg thiamin; (h) 5 to 80 mg niacin; (i) 1 to 3 mg copper; (j) 50 to 170 μg iodine; (k) 8 to 35 mg zinc; (1) 0.5 to 2 mg riboflavin; and (m) a physiologically acceptable carrier. Other such formulations comprise: (a) 180 to 220 μg folate; (b) 7.5 to 15 μg selenium; (c) 2.0 to 10 μg vitamin B-12; (d) 1.3 to 2.5 mg vitamin B-6; (e) 60 to 120 mg vitamin C; (f) 100 to 220 mg vitamin E; (g) 0.6 to 1.3 mg thiamin; (h) 6 to 16 mg niacin; (i) 1.0 to 1.7 mg copper; (j) 100 to 170 μg iodine; (k) 12 to 30 mg zinc; (1) 0.6 to 1.3 mg riboflavin; and (m) a physiologically acceptable carrier. Within further aspects, the present invention provides nutritional supplement systems, comprising: (a) a base nutritional supplement as described above; and (b) one or more nutritional boost formulations as described above.
Methods are further provided for increasing an individual's nutrient intake, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement as described above. Within certain embodiments, the individual is a 45-60 year old woman.
The present invention further provides, within other aspects, methods for improving skeletal and joint health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement and a nutritional boost formulation for skeletal and joint health as described above.
Within other aspects, methods are provided for protecting a visual system in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement and a nutritional boost formulation for visual system protection as described above. Methods are also provided, within other aspects, for improving skin health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement and a nutritional boost formulation for skin health as described above.
Within further aspects, the present invention provides methods for improving colon health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement and a nutritional boost formulation for colon health as described above.
Within other aspects, methods are provided for improving cardiovascular and cognitive health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement and a nutritional boost formulation for cardiovascular and cognitive health as described above.
Methods are further provided for protecting immune system function, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement and a nutritional boost formulation for immune function protection as described above.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent upon reference to the following detailed description and attached drawings. All references disclosed herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each was incorporated individually.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As noted above, the present invention is generally directed to nutritional supplements for women in the 45-60 year age range. Supplements as provided herein include "base nutritional supplements," which generally provide vitamins and minerals in amounts sufficient to compensate for dietary inadequacies in this population, and "nutritional boost formulations," which comprise additional amounts of certain vitamins and minerals that provide benefit for specific conditions. Nutritional supplement systems comprising a base nutritional supplement and one or more nutritional boost formulations are also provided herein. It will be apparent that, while 45-60 year old women are the intended recipients of nutritional supplements as described herein, the supplements may be administered to males, as well as individuals outside this age range. Further, using the principles provided herein, nutritional supplement systems for other populations may be designed by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The nutritional supplements and systems provided herein are based, in part, on a unique approach to supplementation. Within this approach, nutrients that may be beneficially supplemented for a specific population (e.g., defined by age and gender) are identified. The extent to which dietary intake of each nutrient falls short of the recommended intake for the target population is determined, and a base nutritional supplement is designed to compensate for such disparities, without substantially exceeding the disparities. Using this approach, a base nutritional supplement may be generated for any target population. Nutritional supplement systems as provided herein generally comprise a base nutritional supplement, in combination with one or more nutritional boost formulations. The boost formulations contain additional nutrients (and/or additional amounts of nutrients present in a base nutritional supplement) that benefit specific conditions. The preparation and use of base nutritional supplements, nutritional boost formulations and nutritional supplement systems is described in greater detail below.
BASE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS
Base nutritional supplements as described herein comprise multiple nutrients that are typically consumed by women aged 45-60 years at a level that is below the recommended intake. As used herein, the phrase "recommended intake" refers to the U. S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) where available, or Adequate Intake (Al) if no RDA has been established (see Yates et al., J. Am. Dietetic Assoc. 95:699-706, 1998). It will be apparent that the RDA and Al values may change over time. In general, dosages provided herein as a percentage of recommended intake will vary proportionally. An exception may be made, however, for those nutrients that are present in higher levels within the base nutritional supplement as a result of an expectation that the RDA may be raised or research indicating that the RDA is inadequate for the target population. Such nutrients include vitamin C and vitamin E.
Nutrient inadequacies may be identified using the following formula, which was developed within the context of the present invention:
Recommended intake - Dietary intake = Inadequacy
As noted above, the recommended intake is the U.S. RDA, where available, or Al, where no RDA is available. The dietary intake is an intake determined for a percentile of women 45-60 years of age, where the percentile is 50th percentile (median) or lower. Such dietary intake values may be obtained from national surveys, and as provided herein. One preferred percentile is the lowest 5th percentile. For those nutrients for which published dietary intake data is limited to median intakes, the lowest 5th percentile intake may be estimated. It has been found, within the contest of the present invention, that the lowest 5th percentile of intake generally corresponds to 50% of the reported median intake. Therefore, 50% of a reported median intake may be used as an estimate for the intake by the lowest 5Ih percentile where survey data is unavailable. Alternatively, within other embodiments, the median intake may be used as the dietary intake for calculation of the disparity.
Table I summarizes the dietary inadequacies (the difference between recommended intakes of certain individual nutrients and reported dietary intakes) for 45-60 year old women. A base nutritional supplement generally comprises multiple nutrients listed in Table I, preferably at least 10 such nutrients, more preferably at least 14 such nutrients and still more preferably at least 17 such nutrients. Preferred base nutritional supplements comprise the following nutrients: calcium, folate, vitamin A, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, vitamin D, thiamin, niacin, copper, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, magnesium and pantothenic acid. Preferred amounts for these nutrients, as well as other ingredients of such supplements are discussed in more detail below. Table I Recommended Intake
Figure imgf000010_0001
It will be apparent that additional nutrient(s) that satisfy the formula provided above may be incorporated into a base nutritional supplement. Such nutrients may be identified as further dietary recommendations are issued and additional information about dietary intake is obtained. In general, however, all active ingredients in a base nutritional supplement for perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women should be nutrients for which dietary intake by the 5th percentile of women aged 45-60 is reported to be less than the recommended intake. For most nutrients incorporated into a base nutritional supplement, the amount of a nutrient present is sufficient to compensate for the disparity between recommendation and dietary intake, without substantially exceeding such disparity. It is interesting to note that, for most nutrients listed in Table I, the diet of individuals in the lowest 5th percentile of reported intake (among women 45 to 60 years of age) supplied at least 20 - 25 % of the recommended intakes. For some nutrients, individuals in the lowest 5th percentile of intake consumed more than 80% of the recommended intake. Thus, while a need for dietary supplements exists, such supplements should be designed to augment, rather than replace, the dietary contribution.
More specifically, at least 50% of the nutrients (preferably at least 60% and more preferably at least 70%), should be present in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for the nutrient in a population, results in an amount of nutrient equal to 50% to 110% of the recommended intake for the nutrient in the population. In other words, most nutrients listed in Table I should be present in an amount that is 50%- 110%) of the disparity listed. The majority of these nutrients are generally present in an amount that is 90% to 100% of the disparity listed, with the principle exception being calcium. Alternatively, or in addition, such nutrients may be present in an amount ranging from 15% to 100% (preferably 30%- 100%) of a recommended intake for the nutrient. Nutrients that are generally present in such an amount include calcium, copper, folate, niacin. vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin K, zinc, iron, magnesium and pantothenic acid. Certain nutrients (up to 30% of the nutrients in the base supplement) may, but need not, be present in an amount that slightly exceeds the disparity between recommendation and dietary intake (i.e., an amount ranging from 110% to 250% of the disparity). Alternatively, or in addition, such nutrients may be present in an amount ranging from 50% to 135% of a recommended intake for the nutrient. Nutrients that are preferably present in such an amount include vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, vitamin D and vitamin C. For vitamin D, the preferred amount is in the lower portion of this range (i.e., 50% to 100% of the recommended intake).
Vitamin E is also generally present within a base nutritional supplement. Typically, vitamin E is present in an amount that is substantially greater than the disparity between recommendation and dietary intake (i.e.. an amount ranging from 100% to 1000%, preferably 250% to 800%, of the disparity). Alternatively, or in addition, vitamin E may be present in an amount ranging from 100% to 650% of a recommended intake for vitamin E.
Table II provides preferred ranges for nutrients within a base nutritional supplement intended to be administered once per day. It will be apparent that a base nutritional supplement for more frequent administration would contain proportionally lower amounts of the listed nutrients. It will further be apparent that other nutrients may also be present, although within a preferred embodiment only those nutrients listed in Table II are present as active ingredients. Inactive supplement components are described below. The ranges in Table II are not limiting; one or more nutrients may be present at levels that do not fall within the ranges recited in Table II, provided that one or more of the above criteria are met. Further, as discussed above, while all nutrients in Table II are preferably contained within a base supplement, one, two or more (up to seven) such nutrients may be omitted.
Table II Representative Base Nutritional Supplements
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
Within preferred embodiments, certain nutrients found in some commercially available dietary supplements are not added to the base nutritional supplement. These nutrients include biotin, boron, iodine, carotenoids, chloride (except in combination with a nutrient in Table I), choline, chromium, fluoride, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, nickel, silicon, tin and vanadium.
For most nutrients in Table II, the most preferred dose is approximately the representative dose. In general, as noted above, the representative dose is the disparity between recommendation and dietary intake. Exceptions are calcium, for which the disparity between the Al and the lowest 5th percentile of intake is 900 mg/day, but 500 mg/day is most preferred for a base nutritional supplement (Table II). For vitamins B-6 and B-12. the preferred dose is higher than the disparity, due to research suggesting an age-related increase in the requirements for these nutrients. The preferred dose of vitamin C is also elevated, due to recent suggestions that the recommendation should be raised to 100 mg/day. Further, the level of vitamin E is substantially elevated, due to suggestions that the RDA should be increased and because the activity of enzymatic antioxidant defense system decreases with age. This suggests that a higher level of vitamin E may reduce the risk of heart disease and be beneficial to the immune response of the elderly.
Another way to characterize the base nutritional supplement is as the amount necessary to compensate for the disparity between a revised recommended intake and dietary intake, without substantially exceeding such disparity. The revised recommended intake is referred to herein as the Tufts Recommended Supplemental Intake (TRSI). The TRSI was developed by subtracting the 5th percentile dietary intake from the RDA/AI, and modifying the resulting value based on research into the nutritional requirements of 45-60 year old women. Table III provides the TRSI for nutrients within the base formula. A base formula preferably contains 14-17 of the nutrients listed in Table III, in an amount that ranges from 80% to 120%, preferably 90% to 110%., of the amount in Table III.
Table III Tufts Recommended Supplemental Intake
Figure imgf000014_0001
Any form of the above nutrients that is generally accepted in the art may be used as the nutrient source in a base nutritional supplement. For example, folate may be present in ionic form or as the corresponding acid (folic acid, also known as pteroylglutamic acid). Other forms include mono and polyglutamyl forms, dihydro and tetrahydro folates, and methyl and formyl folates. Folic acid is preferred. For calcium, the preferred source is calcium carbonate and/or citrate. Vitamin K is preferably supplied as phytonadione or phylloquinone, although other compounds that exhibit a similar biological activity may also be used (e.g., menaquinone, menadione and their salts and derivatives). Vitamin E is usually supplied as all-rac-α-tocopherol. Other sources include α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, tocotricnols and their esters, tocopherol nicotinate and the like. Doses of vitamin E are generally provided as α- tocopherol equivalents. Retinol (e.g., retinyl palmitate, retinoic acid or any of a variety of derivatives thereof) is a conventional source for vitamin A, with doses provided as retinol equivalents (RE). Vitamin A precursors (such as provitamin A and carotenoids) are not generally used within preferred embodiments. Vitamin C is generally supplied as L-ascorbate (or ascorbic acid), although other forms can be used (e.g., D-ascorbate, DL-ascorbate, D-araboascorbate and dehydroascorbic acid). Vitamin D may be a mixture of various steroids including ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholcalciferol (vitamin D3), although individual steroids and/or biologically active metabolites and precursors (e.g., 1-α-hydroxy vitamin D; 25-α-hydroxy vitamin D; 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and the like) may be used. Vitamin D as cholcalciferol is preferred. Iodine is preferably from kelp; zinc may be, for example, zinc sulfate, citrate or arginate; copper is preferably as copper lysinate and iron is preferably Ferrochel® or iron glycinate. Magnesium may be, for example, as magnesium oxide or glycinate
Sources for thiamin (also known as vitamin B,) include the hydrochloride and nitrate salts of thiamin, which are preferred, as well as thiamin alkyl disulfides such as the prophyidisulfide, tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide and o-benzoyl disulfide. Riboflavin (also known as vitamin B2) may be in crystalline riboflavin coenzyme form (e.g., flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine mononucleotide, riboflavin 5'-phosphate and their salts). Vitamin B6 is the generic name for pyridoxine, its amine pyridoxamine and its aldehyde pyridoxal. Vitamin B6 may be present as a hydrochloride salt or 5' phosphate of pyridoxine, pyridoxamine or pyridoxal. with pyridoxine hydrochloride preferred. Niacin is the USP name for nicotinic acid and its amide niacinamide (nicotinamide), although coenzyme forms such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate can be used. Sources of vitamin B12 include, for example, cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and the like, with cyanocobalamin preferred.
It will be apparent that, in accordance with customary usage, the above doses refer to the amount of each nutrient (e.g., elemental mineral or uncomplexed, underivatized vitamin). Nutrients may be present in any of a variety of chemical forms, as noted above, and the amount of a compound comprising a particular nutrient needed to supply a specified dose may vary depending on the precise chemical form. For example, 500 mg calcium refers to the amount of elemental calcium. This calcium may be present in a form such as calcium carbonate, in an amount sufficient to provide 500 mg calcium in the formulation. It will further be apparent that other nutrients may, but need not, be present within a base nutritional supplement. Such nutrients include, but are not limited to, alfalfa, anise, astragalus root, barley grass, bee pollen powder, betaine HCL, bioflavonoids, black cohosh, blessed thistle, boron, bromelain, cats claw bark, chamomile, choline, chromium, CoQIO, cranberry, damiana, DHA, DHEA, dong quai, dragon bone, Echinacea, elderberry flowers, evening primrose, fennel, flaxseed, garlic extract and/or clove, ginger, Gingo biloba, ginseng, glucosamine, green tea extract, hawthorn extract, hesperidia, ho-shou-wu, idole-3-carbinol, inositol, iodine, kava kava, lady's mantel, lavender, lecithin, licorice root, lycopene, melatonin, molybdenum, mofherwort, oat straw, paba, papain, phosphorus, phytoestrogens, potassium, protein, red clover, red raspberry extract, reishi mycelia, royal jelly, rutin, saw pametto, schizandra fruit, scullcap, selenium, silica, soy, St. John's wart (e.g., leaf and/or flower extract), sulfur, turmeric root, valerian root, vanilla, wild lettuce, yam extract and yarrow flowers. Other potential components may be found, for example, within sources known in the art, such as Bensky and Gamble, Chinese Materials Medica; Handbook of Ayurvedic Herbs (CRC Press); James Dukes Books on Medicinal Plants; German Commission E Reports; British Pharmacopia and Herbs of Commerce (APHA, Austin TX).
NUTRITIONAL BOOST FORMULATIONS Nutritional boost formulations (also referred to herein as boost formulations or boosts) are formulations that are designed to provide enhanced levels of specific nutrients. In general, a boost formulation comprises nutrients that provide, or may provide, a benefit for a specific condition. Representative boost formulations described herein are intended for use in 45-60 year old women, to enhance (1) skeletal system and joint health, (2) visual system protection, (3) skin health, (4) colon health, (5) cardiovascular and cognitive health, or (6) immune system protection. Using the principles provided herein, other boost formulations may be designed by those of ordinary skill in the art. Boost formulations may be administered individually or in combination, depending on the patient condition. It will further be apparent that a single formulation may be designed to provide more than one of the above boosts, by providing the component nutrients in combination.
In general, a boost formulation is designed for use with a base nutritional supplement as described herein, although a boost formulation may be used separately. To accommodate use with the base nutritional supplement, boost formulations provided herein generally comprise one or more nutrients in amounts that, when added to the amount of the nutrient in the base supplement, are believed to be sufficient to provide the desired benefit, without exceeding the known safe upper level. For boosts used without the base nutritional supplement, higher levels of the component nutrients may be included. Boost formulations may, but need not, comprise nutrients not present in the base supplement. Inactive components of boost formulations are discussed below. Boost formulations may be designed to permit administration once per day, or smaller doses may be administered more frequently. Unless otherwise noted, the specific embodiments described below recite nutrient amounts suitable for daily administration. Nonetheless, it will be apparent that the boost formulations may be modified to permit administration at different intervals.
Within one embodiment, a boost formulation is designed to promote skeletal and joint health. Such a formulation may be beneficial for patients afflicted with, or at risk for, any of a variety of bone- and joint-related conditions including, but not limited to, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and age-related changes in bone and joints. Such conditions may be diagnosed, and patients at risk for such diseases may be identified, using standard clinical methods. For example, individuals with positive family histories, history of joint trauma and/or who are obese may derive particular benefit. This boost formulation may further benefit peri- and early postmenopausal age women who are consuming less than 3 servings of dairy products or fortified orange juice per day and are concerned about the prevention of osteoporosis.
A formulation for skeletal and joint health generally comprises additional calcium, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. Calcium is preferably present in an amount ranging from 300-2500 mg. preferably 400-850 mg and more preferably 500-800 mg. The preferred calcium source is calcium carbonate. Vitamin D is preferably present at a level of 100 to 2000 IU (2.5 - 50 μg), preferably 100 to 400 IU (2.5 - 10 μg). For vitamin K, 10-80 μg is generally sufficient, with 20- 40 μg preferred. Vitamin K is preferably supplied as phylloquinone or phytonadione. The amount of vitamin C present within the boost should range from 80 to 300 mg, preferably 80 to 250 mg, more preferably around 200 mg, preferably ascorbic acid. Vitamin E (e.g., d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate) is preferably present in an amount ranging from 8 to 240 mg, preferably 8 to 20 mg, preferably around 15 mg ATE. For optimal absorption, the base nutritional supplement and the boost formula should not be taken at the same time. To minimize the risk of renal stone formation, boosts should be taken with meals rather than between meals. To further improve absorption, two boosts per day may be taken with meals. Such boost formulations could contain, for example, 400 mg calcium carbonate, 100 mg vitamin C, 7.5 mg ATE vitamin E, 5 μg vitamin D and 20 μg vitamin K. Additional optional components that may be present include, but are not limited to, those listed as optional components of the base nutritional supplement, as well as silica, sea vegetable complex, L-glutamine, jobs tears, cinnamon, licorice root, Irish moss, white peony, horsetail, bovine cartilage, shark cartilage, mineral oil, crospovidine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, sodium, D- glucosamine and sea cucumber.
Within other embodiments, a boost formulation may be designed for protection of the visual system. Such a boost formulation may be used to preserve vision and to protect against oxidation of the lens and retina. For example, individuals who spend large amounts of time in the sun without protective sunglasses may benefit. A boost formulation for vision protection may also be beneficial for patients afflicted with, or at risk for, lens cataract and degeneration of the central retina (macula). Women are known to have twice the incidence of macular degeneration as men, possibly linked to the loss of estrogen. Both of these conditions are prevalent age- associated visual impairments that can dramatically impair sight, thereby compromising independence and livelihood, as well as presenting a significant public health burden.
Nutrients present in a boost for vision protection should meet the following minimal criteria: (i) consistent evidence in at least 4 studies, ideally including at least one intervention study, of statistically-significant associations between nutrient and/or serum levels and reduced odds ratios for incidence or progression of cataract (any form) or ARMD (either dry or wet), and (ii) no evidence (minimum of three studies) of toxicity or increased relative risk. Preferably, such a boost comprises vitamin C (e.g., 200-300 mg ascorbate/day) and vitamin E (e.g., 8 to 55 mg, preferably about 50 mg or 50 units (46 mg) of d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate or all-rac-α- tocopherol). Additional optional components that may be present include, but are not limited to, those listed as optional components of the base nutritional supplement, as well as bilberry fruits and soybean oil.
Within further embodiments, a boost formulation may be designed to promote colon health and prevent neoplasia of the large bowel. Such a formulation may be used, for example, to inhibit the development (i.e., prevent or delay the onset and/or delay the progression) of cancers such as colorectal adenomas. Patients at risk for, or afflicted with, such conditions maybe identified using standard clinical techniques. For example, those with a history of colon cancer in a first degree relative, or those with a history of colonic polyps, may derive particular benefit.
A boost formulation for colon health typically comprises calcium, folate, selenium and vitamin D. Calcium (e.g., calcium carbonate and/or citrate) is typically present in an amount ranging from 200 to 2500 mg. preferably 400 to 800 mg and more preferably around 700 mg. For folate (e.g., folic acid), a boost formulation preferably comprises 100 to 300 μg, preferably 200 to 280 μg, and more preferably about 260 μg. The dose range for selenium (e.g., selenomethionine) is generally 30 to 450 μg/day, preferably 55 to 250 μg/day and more preferably approximately 200 μg/day. For vitamin D (e.g., cholecalciferol), a boost formulation generally comprises 200 to 2000 LU. (5 to 50 μg), preferably 200 to 400 LU. (5 to 10 μg) and more preferably approximately 300 LU. (7.5 μg). Preferably, the daily dose of these nutrients is divided into multiple supplements. For example, three supplements may be taken per day with meals. Each such supplement may contain, for example, 233 mg calcium as calcium carbonate, 67 μg selenium, 2.5 μg vitamin D, and 87 μg folate. Optionally, dietary fiber (e.g., 20 g) may also be present within boost formulations for colon health. Additional optional components that may be present include, but are not limited to, those listed as optional components of the base nutritional supplement, as well as psyllium seed husk powder, alfalfa leaf powder, alfalfa juice powder, pau d'arco bark powder, Echinacea leaf powder, black walnut hull powder extract, fenugreek seed powder, watercress powder, parsley leaf powder, rosemary leaf powder, bayberry bark powder, cayenne fruit powder, lipase, protease, amalyse, dandelion, barberry, ginger, fennel, wheat bran powder, slipper elm bark, cascara sagrada, buckhorn, senna, lactobacillus acidophilus and fructo-oligosaccharides.
Other boost formulations provided herein are designed to promote the maintenance of healthy skin. Such formulations may be used, for example, to inhibit sun (UV) damage to skin such as photo-aging and photocarcinogenesis. Individuals who are concerned about sun damage to skin and skin cancers induced by sun exposure may derive particular benefit. Such formulations generally comprise vitamins A (e.g., 500 to 700 μg, more preferably approximately 600 μg RE, such as retinyl plamatate), C (e.g., 60 to 150 mg, more preferably approximately 100 mg, preferably as ascorbic acid) and E (e.g., 5 to 15 mg, more preferably approximately 6 mg ATE or d-alpha- tocopheryl succinate). Additional optional components that may be present include, but are not limited to, those listed as optional components of the base nutritional supplement, as well as zine, L-lysine, cellutise, steric acid, magnesium stearate, ascorbic acid from rose hips, betaine, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, citrus bioflavonoids, oat straw powder, asparagus shoot powder, beta carotene, zinc, copper, selenium, aloe vera, silymarin (milk thistle powder extract), Ginko biloba, horsetail rush herb powder, L-methionine, L-proline and grape seed extract.
Within further embodiments, a boost formulation may provide cardiovascular and cognitive benefits. Such formulations may be used to prevent or delay diseases such as coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Individuals who are concerned about, have risk factors for, or have a family history of cardiovascular disease or stroke may derive particular benefit. Such individuals may be identified using standard clinical techniques. Risk factors for these diseases include hyperlipidemia and hypertension, as well as homocysteine concentration and antioxidant intake. Further, such formulations may be used to inhibit age-related dementia and/or disease-related cognitive decline.
A cardiovascular and cognitive health boost formulation generally comprises vitamin E, vitamin C, folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6. For daily administration, vitamin E is typically present in an amount ranging from 50 to 240 mg, preferably 100 to 220 mg and more preferably around 200 mg ATE or d-alpha- tocopheryl succinate. For folate, such a boost formulation preferably comprises 100 to 1000 μg, preferably 200 to 450 μg, and more preferably about 400 μg, preferably folic acid. The dose range for vitamin C is generally 50 to 500 mg/day, preferably 100 to 300 mg/day and more preferably approximately 250 mg/day. For vitamin B-12, a boost formulation for daily administration preferably comprises 100 to 550 μg, preferably 200 to 550 μg and more preferably approximately 500 μg (preferably dibencozide); and vitamin B-6 (preferably pyridoxine HC1) is generally present in an amount ranging from 1 to 100 mg, preferably 1.2 to 5.0 mg and more preferably approximately 1.5 mg. Additional optional components that may be present include, but are not limited to, those listed as optional components of the base nutritional supplement, as well as Ginko biloba, di-calcium phosphate, croscarmellose sodium, stearic acid, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, terpene lactones, hawthorne berry, grape seed extract and garlic. Preferably, one supplement per day is administered.
Within further embodiments, a boost formulation may enhance protection of the immune system. Such boost formulations may be used to augment natural immunity against community acquired infections.
An immune system boost formulation generally comprises vitamin E, vitamin C, folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, copper, iodine, selenium and zinc, with preferred nutrient forms as described for the base nutritional formulation. For daily administration, vitamin E is typically present in an amount ranging from 1 OOto 240 mg, preferably 100 to 220 mg and more preferably around 200 mg ATE. For folate, a boost formulation preferably comprises 100 to 300 μg, preferably 180 to 220 μg, and more preferably about 200 μg. The dose range for vitamin C is generally 40 to 500 mg/day, preferably 60 to 120 mg/day and more preferably approximately 90 mg/day. For vitamin B-12, a boost formulation preferably comprises 1 to 550 μg, preferably 2.0 to 10 μg and more preferably approximately 2.4 μg; and vitamin B-6 is generally present in an amount ranging from 1 to 100 mg, preferably 1.3 to 2.5 mg and more preferably approximately 1.5 mg. Thiamin may be present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg, preferably 0.6 to 1.3 mg and more preferably about 1.1 mg. Riboflavin may be present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg, preferably 0.6 to 1.3 mg and more preferably about 1.1 mg. The amount of niacin is preferably 5 to 80 mg, preferably 6 to 16 mg and more preferably about 14 mg. 1 to 3 mg copper, preferably 1.0 to 1.7 mg, is generally present; more preferably the level is about 1.5 mg. For iodine, the dose ranges from 50 to 170 μg, preferably 100 to 170 μg and more preferably about 150 μg. Selenium is generally present in an amount ranging from 5 to 80 mg, preferably 7.5 to 15 μg and more preferably about 10 μg; and zinc (preferably zinc sulfate) is generally present in an amount ranging from 8 to 35 mg, preferably 12 to 30 mg and more preferably about 25 mg. Additional optional components that may be present include, but are not limited to, those listed as optional components of the base nutritional supplement, as well as Dong Quai, Siberian ginseng, bee products (propolis 2x), garlic, elderberry, Echinacea and cayenne. Preferably, one supplement per day is administered.
Representative nutritional boost formulations for each of the above uses are provided in Table IV.
Table IV Representative Nutritional Boost Formulations (Daily Dosages)
Figure imgf000023_0001
PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF BASE NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AND BOOST FORMULATIONS
Base nutritional supplements and boost formulations may be prepared using any standard techniques, and incorporating any of a variety of well known inactive compounds. The supplements and formulations described herein are provided in bioavailable forms, which permit absorption and utilization of the nutrients.
Supplements and formulations comprise, in addition to the nutrients recited above, inactive physiologically acceptable carriers. Such carriers include substances that provide stability for the nutrients during manufacturing and storage, as well as substances that facilitate absorption of the nutrients by the body. Other inert components include, for example, salts, buffers, stabilizers, plasticizers. diluents, lubricants, binders, granulating aids, flavorants, glidants and colorants, which may be selected and used according to standard practice (see Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (Eds, A Wade, and P. J. Weiler, second edition. American Pharmaceutical Association, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1994); Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets, Lieberman, Lachman and Schwartz, ed.. 2nd edition (Marcel Dekker, Inc.); Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arthur Osol, ed., pages 1553-1593 (1980)). For oral administration, a carrier preferably comprises one or more of water, saline, alcohol, a fat, a wax, a buffer or a solid carrier, such as mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate. In addition, other pharmaceutically active components may. but need not, be present within the composition.
Preferred forms are tablets and gel capsules intended for oral administration, although other forms, such as solutions, pellets, patches, aerosols and powders, may be used. Although the preferred route of administration is oral, it will be apparent that other routes may be used, including buccal, sublingual, transmembrane, muccusal, transdermal, intranasal, inhalation and rectal administration. It will be apparent that optimal inactive components depend on the mode of administration, and may be selected without substantial experimentation by those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the nutrients may be combined in a pellet or capsule with components such as microcrystalline cellulose, silica and dicalcium phosphate, and coated with a standard pharmaceutical glaze, with or without additional colorant.
One representative procedure for preparing a base nutritional supplement or nutritional boost formulation employs pure nutrient ingredients that are mixed in the appropriate proportions and dry blended using a powder mill unit. The resulting powder may be packed into opaque nonallergenic capsule shells having an outer dimension length of 18 mm and a 6 mm diameter (e.g., available from Parke Davis Company).
Following administration, serum nutrient levels may be monitored using standard procedures. In addition, for patients receiving one or more boost formulations, a clinical effect may be detected using any method accepted in the art for the condition(s) intended to be treated or prevented.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for the purpose of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A base nutritional supplement, comprising:
(a) at least 9 nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, folate, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, copper, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin K, iron, magnesium and pantothenic acid, wherein each of the foregoing nutrients is present in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for the nutrient in a population, results in an amount of nutrient equal to 50% to 1 10% of a recommended intake for the nutrient in the population;
(b) vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, vitamin D and vitamin C in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for vitamin C in the population, results in an amount of each of the foregoing nutrients equal to 110% to 250% of a recommended intake for the nutrient in the population;
(c) vitamin E in an amount that, when added to the fifth percentile dietary intake for vitamin E in the population, results in an amount of vitamin E equal to 250% to 800% of a recommended intake for vitamin E in the population; and
(d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
2. A base nutritional supplement according to claim 1, wherein the population is women aged 45 to 60.
3. A base nutritional supplement, comprising:
(a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of calcium, folate, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, copper, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin K, iron, magnesium and pantothenic acid, wherein each nutrient is present in an amount ranging from 15%) to 100%) of a recommended intake for the nutrient;
(b) vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, vitamin D and vitamin C in an amount ranging from 50% to 135% of a recommended intake for the nutrient; (c) vitamin E in an amount ranging from 100% to 650%) of a recommended intake for the nutrient; and
(d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
4. A base nutritional supplement, comprising:
(a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of: (i) 200 to 1200 mg calcium;
(ii) 60 to 400 μg folate;
(iii) 120 to 800 μg vitamin A;
(iv) 0.2 to 1.1 mg thiamin;
(v) 2 to 14 mg niacin;
(vi) 0.2 to 1.5 mg copper;
(vii) 2 to 12 mg zinc;
(viii) 0.2 to 1.1 mg riboflavin;
(ix) 19 to 65 μg vitamin K;
(x) 4 to 6 mg iron;
(xi) 90-200 mg magnesium; and
(xii) 1.2 to 2.8 mg pantothenic acid;
(b) 1.2 to 2.8 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 0.8 to 1.9 μg vitamin B-6;
(d) 30 to 100 mg vitamin C;
(e) 5 to 25 μg vitamin D;
(f) 10 to 56 mg vitamin E; and
(g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
5. A base nutritional supplement, consisting essentially of: (a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of:
(i) 200 to 1200 mg calcium; (ii) 60 to 400 μg folate; (iii) 120 to 800 μg vitamin A;
(iv) 0.2 to 1.1 mg thiamin;
(v) 2 to 14 mg niacin;
(vi) 0.2 to 1.5 mg copper;
(vii) 2 to 12 mg zinc;
(viii) 0.2 to 1.1 mg riboflavin;
(ix) 19 to 65 μg vitamin K;
(x) 4 to 6 mg iron;
(xi) 90-200 mg magnesium; and
(xii) 1.2 to 2.8 mg pantothenic acid;
(b) 1.2 to 2.8 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 0.8 to 1.9 μg vitamin B-6;
(d) 30 to 100 mg vitamin C;
(e) 5 to 25 μg vitamin D;
(f) 8 to 56 mg vitamin E; and
(g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
6. A base nutritional supplement, comprising:
(a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of:
(i) 450 to 990 mg calcium;
(ii) 70 to 150 μg folate;
(iii) 300 to 680 μg vitamin A;
(iv) 0.3 to 0.7 mg thiamin;
(v) 3.2 to 7.0 mg niacin;
(vi) 0.5 to 1.1 mg copper;
(vii) 4 to 9 mg zinc;
(viii) 0.3 to 0.6 mg riboflavin;
(ix) 20 to 43 μg vitamin K;
(x) 4.5 to 5.5 mg iron; (xi) 150-200 mg magnesium; and (xii) 2.2 to 2.8 mg pantothenic acid;
(b) 1.2 to 2.4 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 0.8 to 1.5 μg vitamin B-6;
(d) 40 to 100 mg vitamin C;
(e) 5 to 10 μg vitamin D;
(f) 8 to 50 mg vitamin E; and
(g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
7. A base nutritional supplement, consisting essentially of:
(a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of: (i) 450 to 990 mg calcium;
(ii) 70 to 150 μg folate;
(iii) 300 to 680 μg vitamin A;
(iv) 0.3 to 0.7 mg thiamin;
(v) 3.2 to 7.0 mg niacin;
(vi) 0.5 to 1.1 mg copper;
(vii) 4 to 9 mg zinc;
(viii) 0.3 to 0.6 mg riboflavin;
(ix) 20 to 43 μg vitamin K;
(x) 4.5 to 5.5 mg iron;
(xi) 150-200 mg magnesium; and
(xii) 2.2 to 2.8 mg pantothenic acid;
(b) 1.2 to 2.4 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 0.8 to 1.5 μg vitamin B-6;
(d) 40 to 100 mg vitamin C;
(e) 5 to 10 μg vitamin D;
(f) 8 to 50 mg vitamin E; and
(g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
8. A base nutritional supplement, comprising:
(a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of:
(i) 500 mg calcium;
(ϋ) 140 μg folate;
(iii) 600 μg vitamin A;
(iv) 0.6 mg thiamin;
(v) 6 mg niacin;
(vi) 1 mg copper;
(vii) 8 mg zinc;
(viii) 0.5 mg riboflavin;
(ix) 40 μg vitamin K;
(x) 5 mg iron;
(xi) 180 mg magnesium; and
(xii) 2.5 mg pantothenic acid;
(b) 2.4 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 1 -5 μg vitamin B-6;
(d) 80 mg vitamin C;
(e) 10 μg vitamin D;
(f) 40 mg vitamin E; and
(g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
9. A base nutritional supplement, consisting essentially of:
(a) at least nine nutrients selected from the group consisting of:
(i) 500 mg calcium;
(ii) 140 μg folate;
(iii) 600 μg vitamin A;
(iv) 0.6 mg thiamin;
(v) 6 mg niacin; (vi) 1 mg copper;
(vii) 8 mg zinc;
(viii) 0.5 mg riboflavin;
(ix) 40 μg vitamin K;
(x) 5 mg iron;
(xi) 180 mg magnesium; and
(xii) 2.5 mg pantothenic acid;
(b) 2.4 μg vitamin B-12; (c) 1.5 μg vitamin B-6; (d) 80 mg vitamin C; (e) 10 μg vitamin D; (f) 40 mg vitamin E; and (g) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
10. A nutritional boost formulation for skeletal and joint health, comprising:
(a) 300 to 2500 mg calcium;
(b) 80 to 300 mg vitamin C;
(c) 2.5 to 50 μg vitamin D;
(d) 8 to 240 mg vitamin E;
(e) 10 to 80 μg vitamin K; and
(f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
11. A nutritional boost formulation for skeletal and joint health, comprising:
(a) 400 to 850 mg calcium;
(b) 80 to 250 mg vitamin C;
(c) 2.5 to 10 μg vitamin D;
(d) 8 to 20 mg vitamin E; (e) 20 to 40 μg vitamin K; and
(f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
12. A formulation according to claim 11, wherein the formulation
(a) 800 mg calcium;
(b) 200 mg vitamin C;
(c) 10 μg vitamin D;
(d) 15 mg vitamin E;
(e) 40 μg vitamin K; and
(f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers
13. A nutritional boost formulation for visual system protection, comprising:
(a) 200 to 300 mg vitamin C;
(b) 8 to 55 mg vitamin E; and
(c) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
14. A formulation according to claim 13, wherein the formulation comprises:
(a) 300 mg vitamin C;
(b) 50 mg vitamin E; and
(c) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
15. A nutritional boost formulation for skin health, comprising:
(a) 500 to 700 μg vitamin A;
(b) 60 to 150 mg vitamin C;
(c) 5 to 15 mg vitamin E; and
(d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
16. A formulation according to claim 15, wherein the formulation comprises:
(a) 600 μg vitamin A;
(b) 100 mg vitamin C;
(c) 6 mg vitamin E; and
(d) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
17. A nutritional boost formulation for colon health, comprising:
(a) 200 to 2500 mg calcium;
(b) 100 to 300 μg folate;
(c) 30 to 450 μg selenium;
(d) 5 to 50 μg vitamin D; and
(e) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
18. A nutritional boost formulation for colon health, comprising:
(a) 400 to 800 mg calcium;
(b) 200 to 280 μg folate;
(c) 55 to 250 μg selenium;
(d) 5 to 10 μg vitamin D; and
(e) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
19. A formulation according to claim 18, wherein the formulation comprises:
(a) 700 mg calcium;
(b) 260 μg folate;
(c) 200 μg selenium;
(d) 7.5 μg vitamin D; and
(e) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
20. A nutritional boost formulation for cardiovascular and cognitive health, comprising:
(a) 100 to 1000 μg folate;
(b) 100 to 550 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 1 to 100 mg vitamin B-6;
(d) 50 to 500 mg vitamin C;
(e) 50 to 240 mg vitamin E; and
(f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
21. A nutritional boost formulation for cardiovascular and cognitive health, comprising:
(a) 200 to 450 μg folate;
(b) 200 to 550 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 1.2 to 5.0 mg vitamin B-6;
(d) 100 to 300 mg vitamin C ;
(e) 100 to 220 mg vitamin E; and
(f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
22. A formulation according to claim 21, wherein the formulation composes:
(a) 400 μg folate;
(b) 500 μg vitamin B-12;
(c) 1.5 mg vitamin B-6;
(d) 250 mg vitamin C;
(e) 200 mg vitamin E; and
(f) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers
23. A nutritional boost formulation for immune function protection, comprising:
(a) 100 to 300 μg folate;
(b) 5 to 80 μg selenium;
(c) 1 to 550 μg vitamin B-12;
(d) 1 to 100 mg vitamin B-6;
(e) 40 to 500 mg vitamin C;
(f) 100 to 240 mg vitamin E;
(g) 0.5 to 2 mg thiamin;
(h) 5 to 80 mg niacin;
0) 1 to 3 mg copper;
0) 50 to 170 μg iodine;
( ) 8 to 35 mg zinc;
(1) 0.5 to 2 mg riboflavin; and
(m) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers
24. A nutritional boost formulation for immune function protection, comprising:
(a) 180 to 220 μg folate;
(b) 7.5 to 15 μg selenium;
(c) 2.0 to 10 μg vitamin B-12;
(d) 1.3 to 2.5 mg vitamin B-6;
(e) 60 to 120 mg vitamin C;
(f) 100 to 220 mg vitamin E;
(g) 0.6 to 1.3 mg thiamin;
(h) 6 to 16 mg niacin;
0) 1.0 to 1.7 mg copper;
G) 100 to 170 μg iodine;
( ) 12 to 30 mg zinc; (1) 0.6 to 1.3 mg riboflavin; and
(m) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
25. A nutritional boost formulation according to claim 24, wherein the formulation comprises:
(a) 200 μg folate;
(b) 10 μg selenium;
(c) 2.4 μg vitamin B-12;
(d) 1.5 mg vitamin B-6;
(e) 90 mg vitamin C;
(f) 200 mg vitamin E;
(g) 1.1 mg thiamin; (h) 14 mg niacin; (i) 1.5 mg copper; (j) 150 μg iodine; (k) 25 mg zinc;
(1) 1.1 mg riboflavin; and
(m) one or more physiologically acceptable carriers.
26. A nutritional supplement system, comprising:
(a) a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3; and
(b) one or more nutritional boost formulations according to any one of claims 10-25.
27. A method for increasing an individual's nutrient intake, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3.
28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
29. A method for improving skeletal and joint health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3 and a nutritional boost formulation according to any one of claims 10-12.
30. A method for protecting a visual system in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3 and a nutritional boost formulation according to claim 13 or claim 14.
31. A method for improving skin health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3 and a nutritional boost formulation according to claim 15 or claim 16.
32. A method for improving colon health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3 and a nutritional boost formulation according to any one of claims 17-19.
33. A method for improving cardiovascular and cognitive health in an individual, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3 and a nutritional boost formulation according to any one of claims 20-22.
34. A method for protecting immune system function, comprising administering to an individual a base nutritional supplement according to claim 1 or claim 3 and a nutritional boost formulation according to any one of claims 23-25.
35. A method according to claim 29, wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
36. A method according to claim 30, wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
37. A method according to claim 31. wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
38. A method according to claim 32, wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
39. A method according to claim 33, wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
40. A method according to claim 34, wherein the individual is a 45- 60 year old woman.
PCT/US2000/041607 1999-11-17 2000-10-24 Nutritional supplement systems for populations of women WO2001035765A2 (en)

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US16608299P 1999-11-17 1999-11-17
US60/166,082 1999-11-17

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WO2021108527A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2021-06-03 Lian xu li Dietary supplement

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB2380656A (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-04-16 Brand Partnership Ltd Vitamin supplement for soups
WO2021108527A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2021-06-03 Lian xu li Dietary supplement

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AU2747301A (en) 2001-05-30
WO2001035765A3 (en) 2001-12-13

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