WO2001035109A1 - Method for testing an anemometer - Google Patents

Method for testing an anemometer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001035109A1
WO2001035109A1 PCT/NL2000/000819 NL0000819W WO0135109A1 WO 2001035109 A1 WO2001035109 A1 WO 2001035109A1 NL 0000819 W NL0000819 W NL 0000819W WO 0135109 A1 WO0135109 A1 WO 0135109A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anemometer
wind
torque
rotor
determined
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2000/000819
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gustave Paul Corten
Original Assignee
Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland filed Critical Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland
Priority to AU22355/01A priority Critical patent/AU2235501A/en
Publication of WO2001035109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001035109A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • G01P21/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers
    • G01P21/025—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers for measuring speed of fluids; for measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for testing an anemometer, said anemometer comprising an electrically driven motor, the rotor of which is connected to a profile that can be caught by the wind, the changes in torque on said rotor during one revolution being fed to a signal processing unit in order to determine the wind speed/direction therefrom.
  • An anemometer of this type is disclosed in FR 2 514 512 A. With this anemometer the rotor on which the wind-catching profile is located is continuously electrically driven. As a result of the prevailing wind there will be variations in the speed of revolution of the rotor within each r"*-oi. ⁇ jp-> These cm be detected by a signal processing unit and, on the basis thereof, wind speed and wind direction can be determined. However, the wind speed dete ⁇ nination displays systematic deviations because the determination is dependent on the air density, which usually is not accurately known. Reliable dete ⁇ nination of wind speed and wind direction is of growing importance in view of the increasing growth in the generation of energy with the aid of wind.
  • This aim is achieved with a method as described above, in that, in the event of a lack of such changes in speed, the power taken by the motor is compared with a target value and the condition of said anemometer is determined from any difference.
  • the meter can inco ⁇ orate a correction signal in the evaluation unit, as a result of which the meter is still able to function and does not have to be replaced and the measured result can be corrected to rectify the fault that has been detected. That is to say, the wind speed can be calculated independently of said friction. Consequently, it is possible to operate the anemometer for a very long period. After all, it is possible with the aid of the signal processing unit to correct inaccuracies during operation. Moreover, the meter can transmit a condition signal to the maintenance engineers.
  • the determination of the condition of the anemometer can also be carried out in that the rotor is driven at two speeds of revolution. Starting from the first state and the first drive power, the power is switched to a higher or lower second drive power and the state thus obtained is compared with the calculated state. Of course, it is also possible to change to a second state and to compare the power. With this procedure, the condition of the anemometer can be determined from the variation in the torque and the average torque (wind speed).
  • the air density or the density of the fluid in which the meter is used, by means of the present invention.
  • the invention not only the measured variation in torque, but also the average torque is determined. It has been found that there is a relationship between variation in torque on the rotor, the density and the average torque.
  • the variation in torque on the rotor bears a linear relationship to the density, a linear relationship to the wind speed and a linear relationship to the speed of revolution.
  • the torque averaged over one revolution likewise bears a linear relationship to the air density, but a relationship to the square ofthe speed of revolution (of the rotor). From these two relationships it is possible to determine the density of the fluid.
  • the device it is possible to construct the device as a wireless installation by transmitting the signals obtained to a processing unit, which, for example, is on the ground, optically, by radio or by means of sound.
  • a processing unit which, for example, is on the ground, optically, by radio or by means of sound.
  • the power supply can be provided by a battery installed close to the electric motor and optionally charged by a solar cell or another source of energy.
  • Such another source of energy can be a small wind turbine. Consequently, long connecting cables are not needed for some applications and the whole can be set up as a unit. In the case of applications high in the air, this means that a lightning strike does not result in extensive damage.
  • the anemometer according to the invention is indicated by 1.
  • This anemometer consists of a rotor 2, which, for example, can be provided with a number of permanent magnets arranged around the periphery.
  • the rotor shaft is indicated by 3 and is mounted on bearings in a manner not shown in more detail. Close to one end, the rotor shaft is provided with a rotor arm 4. One end of arm 4 is connected to a sphere 6, whilst the other end is provided with a balance weight 5.
  • the stator which operates in conjunction with the rotor is indicated by 7.
  • the stator consists, for example, of a number of coils 8, each connected to a signal processing unit 10 which is also provided with a power source 12.
  • a display is indicated by 11.
  • An accurately determined power supply (alternating voltage) is provided by the power source 12, by means of which the rotor/stator assembly functions as an electric motor and rotates at constant speed of revolution.
  • the signal processing unit 10 it is possible to check how much power is required (when there is no wind) to maintain a constant speed of revolution.
  • By predicting the fluctuation in torque at another speed of revolution and comparing this with measurements it is possible to determine and if necessary to correct the condition of the anemometer.
  • the average torque is also affected. This has consequences for the signal fed to the signal processing unit.
  • the signal which, for example, is sinusoidal, will be deformed.
  • This deformation gives an indication both of the wind speed and wind direction and of the air density. These variables can be determined by determining the change in torque.
  • the condition ofthe anemometer described above can, for example, be determined as follows. If no fluctuation in torque is detected it can then be concluded that the wind speed is zero. The torque that is needed to move the rotor results partly from the aerodynamic resistance and partly from (lower) friction.
  • the aerodynamic resistance is known and is determined by the geometry of the profile that is under the influence of the fluid and the fluid itself (such as the density). It is possible to conclude from the measured values whether or not the low friction falls within the desired limits. On the other hand, if the density is determined and large fluctuations, for example of more than 10%, are found, it can be concluded that problems are being experienced with the rotational behaviour of the rotor.
  • the signal-processing equipment is able to determine whether the rotor is rotating. With the aid of the invention it is possible to establish whether the rotor is still operating as desired.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)

Abstract

Method for determining the condition of an anemometer. Such an anemometer comprises an electrically driven motor, the rotor being connected to a profile that can be caught by the wind. In the event of a lack of changes in torque on the rotor, that is to say under conditions where there is no wind, the power taken by the motor is compared with a target value and, on the basis of any difference found, the condition of said anemometer is determined and a correction signal for the wind speed and direction measurements is generated.

Description

Method for testing an anemometer
The present invention relates to a method for testing an anemometer, said anemometer comprising an electrically driven motor, the rotor of which is connected to a profile that can be caught by the wind, the changes in torque on said rotor during one revolution being fed to a signal processing unit in order to determine the wind speed/direction therefrom.
An anemometer of this type is disclosed in FR 2 514 512 A. With this anemometer the rotor on which the wind-catching profile is located is continuously electrically driven. As a result of the prevailing wind there will be variations in the speed of revolution of the rotor within each r"*-oi.ι jp-> These cm be detected by a signal processing unit and, on the basis thereof, wind speed and wind direction can be determined. However, the wind speed deteπnination displays systematic deviations because the determination is dependent on the air density, which usually is not accurately known. Reliable deteπnination of wind speed and wind direction is of growing importance in view of the increasing growth in the generation of energy with the aid of wind. Especially in the case of offshore wind turbines, knowledge of the wind speed is of particular importance, both with regard to the operation of the turbines and for determination of the point in time when these are switched off. Reliability is of crucial importance because of the difficult accessibility and the associated high maintenance costs.
Although such a meter functions well in practice, because of the severe conditions to which such an anemometer is subjected there is, in the long term, a not negligible risk that the latter no longer functions correctly. For instance, it is possible that the friction in the bearings increases or that during a revolution there is higher friction at certain points than at other points.
This leads to inaccuracies. Consequently, in the state of the art it is necessary regularly to maintain, for example to calibrate, such anemometers in order to obtain a reliable measurement. Because such anemometers are frequently installed in inaccessible locations, for example offshore, this maintenance is associated with appreciable costs. The aim of the present invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to provide a method by means of which it is possible to check such anemometers in a simple manner.
This aim is achieved with a method as described above, in that, in the event of a lack of such changes in speed, the power taken by the motor is compared with a target value and the condition of said anemometer is determined from any difference.
According to the invention, it is possible by electrical means not only to determine the wind speed and wind direction as is known from the prior art, but also to determine the condition of an anemometer. This means that it is no longer necessary for the tester to obtain physical access to such an anemometer. Such a determination can also be carried out remotely. If the results of the determination are unsatisfactory, it is still to possible to decide to replace such an anemometer.
However, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is possible to incoφorate a correction signal in the evaluation unit, as a result of which the meter is still able to function and does not have to be replaced and the measured result can be corrected to rectify the fault that has been detected. That is to say, the wind speed can be calculated independently of said friction. Consequently, it is possible to operate the anemometer for a very long period. After all, it is possible with the aid of the signal processing unit to correct inaccuracies during operation. Moreover, the meter can transmit a condition signal to the maintenance engineers.
According to the invention, the determination of the condition of the anemometer can also be carried out in that the rotor is driven at two speeds of revolution. Starting from the first state and the first drive power, the power is switched to a higher or lower second drive power and the state thus obtained is compared with the calculated state. Of course, it is also possible to change to a second state and to compare the power. With this procedure, the condition of the anemometer can be determined from the variation in the torque and the average torque (wind speed).
Furthermore, it has proved possible to determine the air density, or the density of the fluid in which the meter is used, by means of the present invention. To this end, according to the invention not only the measured variation in torque, but also the average torque is determined. It has been found that there is a relationship between variation in torque on the rotor, the density and the average torque. The variation in torque on the rotor bears a linear relationship to the density, a linear relationship to the wind speed and a linear relationship to the speed of revolution. The torque averaged over one revolution likewise bears a linear relationship to the air density, but a relationship to the square ofthe speed of revolution (of the rotor). From these two relationships it is possible to determine the density of the fluid. This variation in torque and average torque can yield the air density only if the friction in the bearings is essentially disregarded. Should it be the case that the friction in the bearings does play a role, measurements must then be carried out at two speeds of revolution, as has been described above. If the density is known, the wind speed can be determined more accurately because the systematic error introduced by the unknown density, as when measuring the variation in torque at one speed of revolution, is no longer present. It will be understood that by analysing both the average torque and the fluctuation in torque at two speeds of revolution it is possible to determine whether the anemometer is functioning correctly. Rights are also explicitly applied for in respect of a method for operation of an anemometer where the condition thereof is not determined.
It is possible to construct the device as a wireless installation by transmitting the signals obtained to a processing unit, which, for example, is on the ground, optically, by radio or by means of sound. In the case of an electric motor the power supply can be provided by a battery installed close to the electric motor and optionally charged by a solar cell or another source of energy. Such another source of energy can be a small wind turbine. Consequently, long connecting cables are not needed for some applications and the whole can be set up as a unit. In the case of applications high in the air, this means that a lightning strike does not result in extensive damage.
The invention will be described below with reference to the drawing of an illustrative embodiment of the invention. This is shown in the single figure.
The anemometer according to the invention is indicated by 1. This anemometer consists of a rotor 2, which, for example, can be provided with a number of permanent magnets arranged around the periphery. The rotor shaft is indicated by 3 and is mounted on bearings in a manner not shown in more detail. Close to one end, the rotor shaft is provided with a rotor arm 4. One end of arm 4 is connected to a sphere 6, whilst the other end is provided with a balance weight 5. The stator which operates in conjunction with the rotor is indicated by 7. The stator consists, for example, of a number of coils 8, each connected to a signal processing unit 10 which is also provided with a power source 12. A display is indicated by 11.
The installation described above functions as follows. An accurately determined power supply (alternating voltage) is provided by the power source 12, by means of which the rotor/stator assembly functions as an electric motor and rotates at constant speed of revolution. With the aid of the signal processing unit 10 it is possible to check how much power is required (when there is no wind) to maintain a constant speed of revolution. By predicting the fluctuation in torque at another speed of revolution and comparing this with measurements it is possible to determine and if necessary to correct the condition of the anemometer. In addition, there can be a memory in which the "nominal" data of the anemometer are stored. These can comprise the calibration data which, furthermore, have been determined from tests in a wind tunnel. If there is wind, a larger torque will arise during part of a revolution as a result of the wind catching sphere 6 and there will be a smaller torque during another part of the same revolution. The average torque is also affected. This has consequences for the signal fed to the signal processing unit. The signal, which, for example, is sinusoidal, will be deformed.
This deformation gives an indication both of the wind speed and wind direction and of the air density. These variables can be determined by determining the change in torque.
However, it is also possible to take a decision immediately with regard to the wind condition without first determining the torque. Determination of the air density can be important in some cases. Wind turbines are nowadays switched off at a certain speed to prevent overloading. However, this loading is partly dependent on the air density. By determining the air density in accordance with the invention it is possible in practice to keep the wind turbine in operation up to higher wind speeds without the risk of it being damaged.
The condition ofthe anemometer described above can, for example, be determined as follows. If no fluctuation in torque is detected it can then be concluded that the wind speed is zero. The torque that is needed to move the rotor results partly from the aerodynamic resistance and partly from (lower) friction. The aerodynamic resistance is known and is determined by the geometry of the profile that is under the influence of the fluid and the fluid itself (such as the density). It is possible to conclude from the measured values whether or not the low friction falls within the desired limits. On the other hand, if the density is determined and large fluctuations, for example of more than 10%, are found, it can be concluded that problems are being experienced with the rotational behaviour of the rotor.
The signal-processing equipment is able to determine whether the rotor is rotating. With the aid of the invention it is possible to establish whether the rotor is still operating as desired.
It will be understood that, by adopting the approach of constructing the anemometer as an electric motor, which is completely contrary to the prior art, numerous new possibilities open up for determination of the various variables associated with the speed and direction in which the wind blows. These will be immediately obvious to a person skilled in the art after reading the above description and fall within the scope of the appended claims. It must also be understood that the installation according to the invention is suitable for determining the flow behaviour of other types of gases and even liquids.

Claims

Claims
1. Method for testing an anemometer, said anemometer comprising an electrically driven motor, the rotor of which is connected to a profile that can be caught by the wind, the changes in torque on said rotor during one revolution being fed to a signal processing unit in order to determine the wind speed/direction therefrom, characterised in that, in the event of a lack of such changes in torou^. the power taken by the motor is compared with a target value and the condition of said anemometer is determined from any difference.
2. Method for testing an anemometer, which anemometer comprises an electrically driven motor, the r"tτ of which is connected to a profile that can be caught by the wind, the changes in torque on said rotor during one revolution being fed to a signal processing unit in order to determine the wind speed/direction therefrom, characterised in that said motor is driven with a first power supplied and, starting from this, is driven with a second power differing from the first, wherein the target value for the second power supplied is determined on the basis of the state for the first power supplied and compared with the second power actually supplied.
3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the average torque is determined.
4. Method according to Claim 3, comprising determination of the density of the medium in which the anemometer has been installed with the aid of the variation in torque on said rotor and the average torque (wind speed).
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a correction signal is generated if there is a difference between the value determined and the target value, which correction signal is employed when evaluating the wind speed measurements.
PCT/NL2000/000819 1999-11-10 2000-11-10 Method for testing an anemometer WO2001035109A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU22355/01A AU2235501A (en) 1999-11-10 2000-11-10 Method for testing an anemometer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1013543 1999-11-10
NL1013543A NL1013543C2 (en) 1999-11-10 1999-11-10 Method for testing a wind condition meter.

Publications (1)

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WO2001035109A1 true WO2001035109A1 (en) 2001-05-17

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003046378A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-06-05 Aloys Wobben Method for monitoring a sensor
EP1793123A2 (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-06 General Electric Company Correction method for wind speed measurement at wind turbine nacelle
GB2447342A (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-10 Eads Deutschland Gmbh A process for determining the internal torque on the rotor of a flow direction sensor
FR2920880A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-13 Manitowoc Crane Group F Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VERIFYING THE CORRECT OPERATION OF ANEMOMETER
EP2312323A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-20 Fernsteuergeräte Kurt Oelsch GmbH Anemometer
EP2015082A3 (en) * 2007-06-18 2011-07-27 General Electric Company Anemometer calibration method and wind turbine
CN108123666A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-06-05 通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司 A kind of annular surveys wind solar energy cell plate mounting bracket
CN110308304A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-10-08 湘电风能有限公司 A kind of zero method of wind power generating set wind direction calibration

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110530597B (en) * 2019-08-13 2021-03-02 北京卫星环境工程研究所 Wind speed calibration system under low pressure

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3360989A (en) * 1965-12-10 1968-01-02 Melpar Inc Driven anemometer
DE1523168A1 (en) * 1966-09-02 1971-04-01 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Device for measuring the true flow speed, especially for determining the speed of aircraft
US3762876A (en) * 1971-10-07 1973-10-02 Honeywell Inc Driven vane anemometers
FR2514512A1 (en) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-15 Sfena Relative wind speed measuring appts. e.g. for aircraft - has motor driven detector flap providing reaction signal to calculator
US5429003A (en) * 1994-04-25 1995-07-04 Mcfarland; Robert A. Moving sensor linear true mass flowmeter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3360989A (en) * 1965-12-10 1968-01-02 Melpar Inc Driven anemometer
DE1523168A1 (en) * 1966-09-02 1971-04-01 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Device for measuring the true flow speed, especially for determining the speed of aircraft
US3762876A (en) * 1971-10-07 1973-10-02 Honeywell Inc Driven vane anemometers
FR2514512A1 (en) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-15 Sfena Relative wind speed measuring appts. e.g. for aircraft - has motor driven detector flap providing reaction signal to calculator
US5429003A (en) * 1994-04-25 1995-07-04 Mcfarland; Robert A. Moving sensor linear true mass flowmeter

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7249486B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2007-07-31 Aloys Wobben Method for monitoring a sensor
WO2003046378A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-06-05 Aloys Wobben Method for monitoring a sensor
US7552614B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2009-06-30 Aloys Wobben System and method for determining functionality or accuracy of a sensor
EP1454058B2 (en) † 2001-11-27 2010-11-24 Aloys Wobben Method for monitoring a sensor
EP1793123A2 (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-06 General Electric Company Correction method for wind speed measurement at wind turbine nacelle
EP1793123A3 (en) * 2005-12-05 2012-10-17 General Electric Company Correction method for wind speed measurement at wind turbine nacelle
GB2447342A (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-10 Eads Deutschland Gmbh A process for determining the internal torque on the rotor of a flow direction sensor
DE102007010777B4 (en) * 2007-03-06 2013-01-17 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Method for determining the internal torque on the rotor of a flow direction sensor
GB2447342B (en) * 2007-03-06 2011-06-15 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Method of determining the internal torque on the rotor of a flow-direction sensor
EP2015082A3 (en) * 2007-06-18 2011-07-27 General Electric Company Anemometer calibration method and wind turbine
FR2920880A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-13 Manitowoc Crane Group F Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VERIFYING THE CORRECT OPERATION OF ANEMOMETER
EP2037284A1 (en) 2007-09-11 2009-03-18 Manitowoc Crane Group France Method and device to check the correct operation of an anemometer
EP2312323A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-20 Fernsteuergeräte Kurt Oelsch GmbH Anemometer
CN108123666A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-06-05 通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司 A kind of annular surveys wind solar energy cell plate mounting bracket
CN108123666B (en) * 2018-02-05 2024-02-06 通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司 Solar cell panel installing support for annular wind measurement
CN110308304A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-10-08 湘电风能有限公司 A kind of zero method of wind power generating set wind direction calibration
CN110308304B (en) * 2019-06-27 2021-03-23 湘电风能有限公司 Wind generating set wind vane zero calibration method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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AU2235501A (en) 2001-06-06

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