WO2001033598A1 - Organic light emitting diode having spherical shaped patterns - Google Patents
Organic light emitting diode having spherical shaped patterns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001033598A1 WO2001033598A1 PCT/US2000/029822 US0029822W WO0133598A1 WO 2001033598 A1 WO2001033598 A1 WO 2001033598A1 US 0029822 W US0029822 W US 0029822W WO 0133598 A1 WO0133598 A1 WO 0133598A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- light emitting
- planar form
- planar
- emitting device
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 6 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrooxadiazole Chemical compound N1NC=CO1 VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000572 ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of light emitting devices, and more particularly to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and the emission efficiency thereof.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- a reflecting cathode e.g. Mg.Ag or Li.Al
- an object of the invention to provide an increase in coupling efficiency for OLEDs.
- an approach is provided for increasing the emission intensity of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and the total external emission efficiency for an OLED at a normal viewing angle.
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- the inventive approach captures light previously lost to wave-guiding in the substrate and, with proper choice of substrate, light previously lost to wave- guiding in the organic/anode layers.
- a surface texturing approach is provided which, when compared with devices fabricated on typical planar glass substrates, can at least double the emission efficiency for an OLED when glass substrates are used, and at least triple the OLED emission efficiency when high index plastic substrates are used.
- Figure 1 shows ray diagrams for various light paths in a planar OLED.
- Figures 2(a) and 2(b) provide a schematic depiction of the use of spherical surface features to improve light emission efficiency for an OLED according to the invention.
- Figure 3(a) shows measured far field intensity distribution pattern for planar glass substrate and expected profiles of a Lambertian emitter.
- Figure 3(b) shows experimental results for glass substrate devices with and without spherical surface features applied according to the invention.
- Figure 3(c) shows experimental results for PC substrate devices with and without spherical surface features applied according to the invention, along with the planar glass substrate results.
- the coupling efficiency ( ⁇ ext ) of an OLED is a critical factor in the determination of emission efficiency for an OLED display. It is straightforward to analyze ⁇ exl for the type of layered structure used in an OLED by considering the indices of refraction associated with each layer. As a predicate to that analysis, consider the ray diagram for planar OLEDs shown in Figure 1, demonstrating loss by light trapping in the substrate layer (ray II) and in the organic/anode layers (ray III). As shown by ray I of the figure, only light emitted at sufficiently small angles will escape.
- ⁇ org . C2 a critical angle, ⁇ org . C2 , can be obtained, defined by s_n '1 (n subs /n or g). for which light emitted in the organic layer at an angle greater than ⁇ or g. c2 is wave-guided within the ITO and organic layers. This light emission path is illustrated as ray III in Figure 1.
- ⁇ or g, ci defined by for which light emitted in the organic layer at an angle greater than ⁇ org, cl is wave-guided in the substrate — illustrated as ray II in Figure 1. Since only the light emitting at angles less ⁇ org , C2 is emitted from the device — illustrated as ray I in Figure 1. all of the remaining wave-guided light is effectively lost, representing a reduction in ⁇ ext .
- Equation (1) For the expected range of the index of refraction for the organic layer ⁇ between 1.6 and 1.8, it can be seen from Equation (1), that the corresponding range for the coupling efficiency, ⁇ exl , will be between 0.20 and 0.15, demonstrating the significance of the coupling efficiency in degrading system efficiency — i.e. between 80 and 85 percent of the internally generated light is trapped within the device.
- the external coupling efficiency has been improved by a factor of 1.9 ⁇ 0.2 by etching grooves in the glass around the OLED to redirect light trapped in the substrate and organic/ITO layers [See, G. Gu.
- the attachment of a sphere to the backside of the substrate, or shaping the substrate into such a spherical form, shown in Figure 2(a) permits the light rays to escape the substrate at much greater angles.
- n SUb S substrate index
- I subs ( ⁇ subs ) is of interest because Equation (3) only describes the external intensity distribution when the substrate is planar. If the substrate forms a hemisphere with the device at its center, for instance, I e ⁇ t ( ⁇ ff) will be equal to I Subs ( ⁇ SUbs )- In fact, I subs ( ⁇ subs) plays a direct role in determining I ex t( ⁇ ff) in all cases except the special case of a planar substrate. Continuing, the effect of n subs on I subS is to focus the distribution as n SU bs is increased, until at which point I su bs( ⁇ S ubs) reproduces the isotropic intensity distribution initially generated in the organic layer.
- the third and final of the derived parameters is the vertical offset of the device from the center of curvature of the lens (d 0ffset ).
- This parameter is of interest because it strongly affects the far field distribution pattern.
- the analytical expression for I ext when d 0 r se t ⁇ 0 can readily be found in the art. For purposes of this discussion, it is sufficient to point out that when the OLED is positioned too far from the lens (d 0 ff set > 0), I ext will be more focused than I SUbs. and when the OLED is positioned too closely to the lens (d 0ffSet ⁇ 0). I ext will less focused than I subs - However, over a wide range of offset values, there is only a minor degrading effect on ⁇ ex , due to
- the inventors have implemented the approach of the invention for a number of embodiments, which are further described hereafter.
- the OLEDs that constitute these various embodiments were fabricated on glass and polycarbonate (PC) substrates.
- the glass substrate consisted of 0.7 mm and 1.1 mm-thick soda lime glass purchased from Applied Films Co. coated with ITO by the manufacturer.
- the PC substrates consisted of 175 ⁇ m-thick sheets purchased from Goodfellows Co.. with a 100 nm ITO film deposited on it in an Edwards A306 RF magnetron sputter with 2 mTorr pure Ar gas at 150 W RF power at room temperature.
- the sputter target was 90% In 2 ⁇ 3 -10% SnO, 3 in. in diameter.
- the deposition rate was 33 nm/min.
- the OLEDs were made by spinning on a single poly-(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)- l,3,4-oxadiazole(PBD)/Coumarin 6 (C6) layer, and evaporating a 100 to 200 nm Mg:Ag cathode [Wu].
- Typical device size and geometry consisted of a circle 1.75 mm in diameter.
- Trials 1 through 6 were performed with six different substrate structures, which are designated Trials 1 through 6 in Table 1.
- a diagram of the substrate setup (with all relevant parameters identified) is provided in Figure 2(a).
- I n ⁇ _ .a. /Io and F F 0 represent the ratio of normal emission intensity and total emission intensity respectively to the results obtained for identical devices fabricated on planar substrates of the same substrate material.
- the total emission intensity measurement does not include edge emission.
- Equation (1) predicts that the planar cases for the PC and glass substrates should be identical, it can be observed in Figure 3 c that the two cases (Trials 1 and 5) are indeed effectively identical within experimental uncertainties of the trials. This provides experimental justification for comparing the results obtained for PC substrates with those for glass substrates.
Landscapes
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU12446/01A AU1244601A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | Organic light emitting diode having spherical shaped patterns |
JP2001535202A JP2003513423A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | Organic light emitting diode with spherical structure |
KR1020027005440A KR20020065893A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | Organic light emitting diode having spherical shaped patterns |
EP00974009A EP1236216A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | Organic light emitting diode having spherical shaped patterns-- |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16255299P | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | |
US60/162,552 | 1999-10-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001033598A1 true WO2001033598A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
WO2001033598A8 WO2001033598A8 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
Family
ID=22586119
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/029822 WO2001033598A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | Organic light emitting diode having spherical shaped patterns |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1236216A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003513423A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20020065893A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1384970A (en) |
AU (1) | AU1244601A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001033598A1 (en) |
Cited By (19)
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FR2836584A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-08-29 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Electro-luminescent panel for colour image display includes optical coupling elements between light cells and output surface |
EP1484946A2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-08 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Organic electroluminescent display panel, method of manufacturing it and display device equiped with the panel |
WO2005086252A2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-15 | Cambridge Display Technology Limited | Organic light emitting diode comprising microlens |
WO2005089028A1 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-22 | Lg Chem. Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light-emitting device using substrate or electrode having nanosized half-spherical convex and method for preparing |
US7012363B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2006-03-14 | Universal Display Corporation | OLEDs having increased external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies |
JP2006510038A (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2006-03-23 | リフレキサイト コーポレイション | Optical structure |
US7053547B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2006-05-30 | Universal Display Corporation | Increased emission efficiency in organic light-emitting devices on high-index substrates |
US7153122B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2006-12-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
US7173276B2 (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2007-02-06 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light emitting device using substrate having nanosized hemispherical recesses and method for preparing the same |
US7229271B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2007-06-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
WO2008001241A3 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2008-09-25 | Philips Intellectual Property | Structured oled with micro optics for generating directed light |
US7798678B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2010-09-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | LED with compound encapsulant lens |
WO2012088260A3 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-11-08 | Universal Display Corporation | Light extraction block with curved surface |
US8373341B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2013-02-12 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Top-emission organic light-emitting devices with microlens arrays |
TWI414725B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2013-11-11 | ||
US8885018B2 (en) | 2008-02-21 | 2014-11-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device configured to simultaneously exhibit multiple display modes |
US9349991B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2016-05-24 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and lighting device |
US10350818B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Heat setting optical films |
US10663745B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2020-05-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical system |
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JP2005175417A (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-06-30 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Light emitting element array, light writing unit, and image forming apparatus |
KR100977964B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2010-08-24 | 사천홍시현시기건유한공사 | Organic Electroluminescence device |
JP4839867B2 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2011-12-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Light emitting element and display device |
US20100327304A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-12-30 | Shinichiro Sonoda | Organic el device and design method thereof |
JP5480567B2 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2014-04-23 | パナソニック株式会社 | Organic light emitting device |
JP5306949B2 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2013-10-02 | ユー・ディー・シー アイルランド リミテッド | Organic electroluminescence device |
DE102014214721A1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Arrangement for spatially and wavelength-resolved detection of light radiation emitted by at least one OLED or LED |
Citations (4)
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US5371434A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1994-12-06 | Smiths Industries Public Limited Company | Radiation-emitting devices having an array of active components in contact with a fluorescent layer |
US5618626A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1997-04-08 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Glass plate with ultraviolet absorbing multilayer coating |
US5814416A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1998-09-29 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Wavelength compensation for resonant cavity electroluminescent devices |
US5936347A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1999-08-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device having convex-and-concave structure on substrate |
-
2000
- 2000-10-30 KR KR1020027005440A patent/KR20020065893A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-30 CN CN00815102A patent/CN1384970A/en active Pending
- 2000-10-30 AU AU12446/01A patent/AU1244601A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-30 EP EP00974009A patent/EP1236216A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-30 JP JP2001535202A patent/JP2003513423A/en active Pending
- 2000-10-30 WO PCT/US2000/029822 patent/WO2001033598A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5371434A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1994-12-06 | Smiths Industries Public Limited Company | Radiation-emitting devices having an array of active components in contact with a fluorescent layer |
US5618626A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1997-04-08 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Glass plate with ultraviolet absorbing multilayer coating |
US5936347A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1999-08-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light emitting device having convex-and-concave structure on substrate |
US5814416A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1998-09-29 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Wavelength compensation for resonant cavity electroluminescent devices |
Cited By (29)
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US10913199B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2021-02-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Processes and apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
US7229271B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2007-06-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
US7053547B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2006-05-30 | Universal Display Corporation | Increased emission efficiency in organic light-emitting devices on high-index substrates |
US7012363B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2006-03-14 | Universal Display Corporation | OLEDs having increased external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies |
FR2836584A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-08-29 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Electro-luminescent panel for colour image display includes optical coupling elements between light cells and output surface |
JP2006510038A (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2006-03-23 | リフレキサイト コーポレイション | Optical structure |
US7153122B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2006-12-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
EP1484946A2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-08 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Organic electroluminescent display panel, method of manufacturing it and display device equiped with the panel |
EP1484946A3 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2007-03-21 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Organic electroluminescent display panel, method of manufacturing it and display device equiped with the panel |
US7173276B2 (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2007-02-06 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light emitting device using substrate having nanosized hemispherical recesses and method for preparing the same |
GB2426622A (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2006-11-29 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Organic light emitting diode comprising microlens |
WO2005086252A3 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-10-20 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Organic light emitting diode comprising microlens |
GB2426622B (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2008-12-31 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Organic light emitting diode comprising microlens |
WO2005086252A2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-15 | Cambridge Display Technology Limited | Organic light emitting diode comprising microlens |
US7414263B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2008-08-19 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light-emitting device using substrate or electrode having nanosized half-spherical convex and method for preparing the same |
WO2005089028A1 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-22 | Lg Chem. Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light-emitting device using substrate or electrode having nanosized half-spherical convex and method for preparing |
US7741145B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2010-06-22 | Lg Chem. Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light-emitting device using substrate or electrode having nanosized half-spherical convex and method for preparing the same |
US8158971B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2012-04-17 | Lg Chem. Ltd. | Highly efficient organic light-emitting device using substrate or electrode having nanosized half-spherical convex and method for preparing the same |
US10350818B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Heat setting optical films |
US7798678B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2010-09-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | LED with compound encapsulant lens |
WO2008001241A3 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2008-09-25 | Philips Intellectual Property | Structured oled with micro optics for generating directed light |
US8125138B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2012-02-28 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Structured OLED with micro optics for generating directed light |
US8373341B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2013-02-12 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Top-emission organic light-emitting devices with microlens arrays |
US8885018B2 (en) | 2008-02-21 | 2014-11-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device configured to simultaneously exhibit multiple display modes |
TWI414725B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2013-11-11 | ||
US9349991B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2016-05-24 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and lighting device |
US9293734B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2016-03-22 | Universal Display Corporation | Light extraction block with curved surface |
WO2012088260A3 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-11-08 | Universal Display Corporation | Light extraction block with curved surface |
US10663745B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2020-05-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1244601A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
EP1236216A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
CN1384970A (en) | 2002-12-11 |
WO2001033598A8 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
KR20020065893A (en) | 2002-08-14 |
JP2003513423A (en) | 2003-04-08 |
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