WO2001031844A2 - Communication de donnees bi-mode permettant de surveiller et de diagnostiquer des biens a distance - Google Patents

Communication de donnees bi-mode permettant de surveiller et de diagnostiquer des biens a distance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001031844A2
WO2001031844A2 PCT/US2000/029321 US0029321W WO0131844A2 WO 2001031844 A2 WO2001031844 A2 WO 2001031844A2 US 0029321 W US0029321 W US 0029321W WO 0131844 A2 WO0131844 A2 WO 0131844A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
asset
state
data
remote
network
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/029321
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001031844A3 (fr
Inventor
David Michael Davenport
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Priority to CA002387926A priority Critical patent/CA2387926A1/fr
Priority to BR0015085-1A priority patent/BR0015085A/pt
Priority to EP00972355A priority patent/EP1228495A2/fr
Priority to AU11029/01A priority patent/AU1102901A/en
Priority to MXPA02004196A priority patent/MXPA02004196A/es
Publication of WO2001031844A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001031844A2/fr
Publication of WO2001031844A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001031844A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/123—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating the position of vehicles, e.g. scheduled vehicles; Managing passenger vehicles circulating according to a fixed timetable, e.g. buses, trains, trams
    • G08G1/127—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating the position of vehicles, e.g. scheduled vehicles; Managing passenger vehicles circulating according to a fixed timetable, e.g. buses, trains, trams to a central station ; Indicators in a central station
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/57—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for vehicles or trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L2205/00—Communication or navigation systems for railway traffic
    • B61L2205/04—Satellite based navigation systems, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communication systems, and more particularly a communication system applicable for both mobile and fixed site remote assets, such as locomotives, to communicate with a central monitoring facility for exchange of status and monitoring diagnostics data.
  • communication systems such as the Internet
  • data communication networks link end points with a series of nodes. Data transmitted through the network traverses interconnecting nodes to reach its destination. In this manner, the network of nodes circumvents the need for individual and permanent connection paths between all possible end points of the data network. Switching refers to the manner in which data traverses the network of nodes.
  • Current engineering practice employs two types of network switching mechanisms, either circuit or packet switching.
  • a protocol stack is a group or "family" of protocols, each pertaining to a specific aspect of the data exchange task.
  • the standard reference model for communication based upon standard interconnection protocol stack is the
  • OSI Open System Interconnection Reference Model
  • ISO International Organization for Standardization
  • Circuit switching implies that a series of interconnecting nodes linking transmit and receive end points are identified and reserved for the duration of the transfer session. Each circuit requires signaling to establish the connection, known as a call. The signaling is maintained for the duration of the call and is disconnected at the completion of the session. Circuit switching creates temporary but dedicated paths between transmit and receive end points. The only delays encountered with such a transmission path are those associated with establishment of the circuit and propagation over the circuit.
  • Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and Application protocol layers are determined by the network end-points, allowing for greater implementation flexibility.
  • the characteristics of a circuit switched communication link lend themselves to the efficient transfer of bulk data (i.e. file transfers). A packet switching network does not establish such dedicated circuits.
  • a packet switching network forwards individual segments of data from one node to another.
  • Each data packet contains identification, control, and user data information.
  • each node functions as both a switch and a queue which receives, holds, and forwards data packets as quickly as possible.
  • a goal of such a network configuration is to exploit the burst-nature and short size of data packets to allocate network resources only when data is available and its transfer required.
  • This network architecture affords transitory connection with end points and allows sharing of network links, ports, and routes between many users.
  • a packet switched network typically consists of a multiplicity of nodes permitting multiple routes to a desired destination.
  • the delay of a packet network is directionally proportional to the size of the network, the number of nodes that must handle a packet in transit, amount of traffic placed on the network by other users/nodes, and the processing required at each node.
  • Protocols for packet data networks are typically fixed at the Physical, Link, Network, and Transport Layers. The characteristics of packet switched communication links lend themselves to the exchange of short, bursty, data messages.
  • An application area involving the exchange of large, bulk data as well as short, bursty messages is the remote monitoring of mobile or transportable assets.
  • assets include containers, rail cars, trailers, power generators, medical diagnostic equipment, as well as automobiles, trucks and locomotives.
  • Remote monitoring of such assets seeks to maintain an awareness of asset operational status, location, and characteristic performance data.
  • the mobility of these assets favors the use of wireless communication links.
  • the design of a wireless communication architecture to support remote monitoring systems typically involves a trade-off between the use of packet switched links offering low latency exchange of small, frequently occurring status/location messages versus the use of circuit switched links providing higher throughput and protocol flexibility for transfer of accumulated bulk data files and establishment of interactive command sessions. While the economics of wireless service costs tend to limit remote monitoring applications to the use of either a circuit or packet based channel, application performance requirements are often satisfied only by a wireless architecture employing switched, dual-mode (i.e. packet and circuit) data communication links.
  • U.S. Patent Number 5,729,544 and U.S. Patent Number 4,539,676 appear to demonstrate data switching systems. It is believed that the '544 patent utilizes either a circuit switched channel or a packet switched channel to transmit data based upon contents of the data stream. The '544 patent appears to determine whether to use a circuit switched channel or a packet switched channel based solely upon the length of the message, i.e., by using header information from a specific protocol, TCP, within the Transport Layer to trigger communication mode switching.
  • TCP specific protocol
  • 4,539,676 appears to employ communication mode switching by using data bits set by the Physical Layer of the OSI model.
  • a locomotive is comprised of a multitude of subsystems, controllers, computers, and sensors each generating a significant quantity of status messages and bulk operational data. While it is believed that U.S. Patent No.
  • 5,845,272 details a system for isolating failures in a locomotive based upon this multitude operational performance data, there is still a need to collect, store, and exchange the bulk and status message data with a central monitoring facility at a higher cyclic rate than normal monitoring wherein the system does not determine the switched channel to use based solely upon the length or type of message sent.
  • Such an approach could also result in a significant increase in efficiency for the management of remote assets as a packet network permits continuous and parallel monitoring of status from multiple assets while a circuit network connection provides dedicated information exchange with an individual asset.
  • Establishment of a dedicated circuit connection only when its functionality is required allows the circuit switched network resource to be shared by an entire fleet of assets. Maintenance of packet network resources affords the ability to remain in contact with the entire asset fleet while servicing information exchange needs of individual fleet members.
  • This invention can be directly applied to the management of locomotives. As remote and mobile assets, locomotives require wireless communication links with wide coverage areas. Transmission of information is accomplished over a dual mode communication system where the dual modes are a circuit switched network and a packet switched network.
  • the present invention is comprised of sensor outputs used to gather system status and health data of a locomotive, remote asset. This data is stored in an electronic database that is managed by an on-board computer.
  • the locomotive also has a transceiver where data is transmitted to and information is received from a central monitoring facility.
  • This invention leverages the Application Layer of the Open System Interconnection Model and a set of system states to determine whether it sends and receives using a packet switched network or a circuit switched network. Utilization of the Application Layer affords communication switching based upon a desired transmission functionality.
  • the present invention defines four system states for communication between the central monitoring facility and remote assets. Both the central monitoring facility and the individual remote asset can initiate transitions between these states. The four states are Asset Monitoring State, Help State, Asset Diagnostics State, and Polling State. While in the Asset Monitoring State, a packet switched network is employed.
  • Locomotives periodically transmit short status messages consisting of subsystem health indicators, GPS position, wireless coverage availability, etc. to the central monitoring facility.
  • the Polling State is entered via the packet network. This state allows the central monitoring facility to convey its desire for retrieval of fault logs and controller data in order to monitor engine performance and predict system failures. Fault trigger thresholds are defined within the locomotive system controllers.
  • a transition to the Help State is conveyed from the locomotive via packet network if these thresholds are exceeded during normal locomotive operation. Both the Polling and Help States utilize the packet switched, wireless network.
  • a circuit switched network is employed during the Asset Diagnostic State.
  • bulk data consisting of asset controller, monitor, and/or sensor information may be retrieved from the remote asset by the central monitoring facility for analysis and diagnosis.
  • This state also permits the download of application or operating system software modifications from the central monitoring facility to remote asset.
  • the central monitoring facility may initiate an interactive terminal session with the asset to take corrective action or reconfigure the asset. Data exchanged during such an interactive session tends to be transactional in nature, requiring the combination of high data throughput and low latency often available only via circuit switch connection in order to maintain the interactive user's satisfaction.
  • both network end-points Upon completion of the Asset Diagnostic State, both network end-points return to Asset Monitoring State and the packet switched network.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified schematic drawing of a dual mode communication system that carries both circuit switched and packet switched networks for monitoring and diagnostics of a fleet of locomotives.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a plurality of sensors interfaced with a computer which is capable of electronically storing sensor data, and a transceiver aboard a locomotive.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary illustration of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model for data communication protocol layers.
  • OSI Open System Interconnection
  • FIG. 4 depicts the application oriented state diagram for the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the transfer of data during an Asset Monitoring State, Help State, and Polling State.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the transfer of data during an Asset Diagnostic State.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified schematic drawing of a dual mode communication system that carries both circuit switched and packet switched networks for monitoring and diagnostics of a fleet of locomotives.
  • the present invention allows simultaneous communication between each locomotive or remote asset 10 in a fleet 9 of locomotives and a central, or remote, monitoring facility 15 via a satellite link 20.
  • the satellite link 20 affords both circuit switched network 40 and packet switched network 25 connectivity to the remote asset 10.
  • communications between a remote asset 10 and a central monitoring facility 15 may be accomplished with a terrestrial, wired network running between the remote asset 10 and monitoring facility 15 for connecting to a packet or circuit network when the remote asset 10 is in close proximity of the monitoring facility 15 or annex facility. Examples of such annex facilities include fuel depots, and maintenance facilities.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a plurality of data gathering modules or sensor modules 16 interfaced with a computer which is capable of electronically storing sensor data and facilitates transferring and receiving of said data, and a transceiver aboard a locomotive.
  • sensor modules 16 aboard the locomotive or remote asset 10 include, but are not limited to fuel flow sensor modules, oil pressure sensor modules, oil filter sensor modules, current sensor modules, voltage sensor modules, temperature sensor modules, and global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the remote monitoring facility 15 receives the information through a transceiver 14 via a satellite link 20.
  • the transceiver 14 may be located at the remote monitoring facility 15 or on the premises of the wireless network service provider and a terrestrial, wired network, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), used to connect to the remote monitoring facility 15.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • the remote monitoring facility includes a computer to facilitate the sending and receiving of data, and additional systems to generate data to send to the remote asset and to analyze the data received from the remote asset.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary illustration of the Open System Interconnection Model (OSI) model for data communication protocol layers.
  • the OSI includes seven layers; Physical Layer 1, Data Link Layer 2, Network Layer 3,
  • Transport Layer 4 Session Layer 5
  • Presentation Layer 6 Session Layer 6
  • Application Layer 7
  • the present invention selects a data communication network by utilizing the
  • FIG. 4 depicts the application oriented state diagram for the present invention.
  • This figure reflects the transitions between states and differentiates those transitions initiated by the remote asset 10 from those initiated by the central monitoring facility
  • Transitioning at 60 from an Asset Monitoring State 21 to a Polling State 23 is initiated by the central monitoring facility 15. Transitioning at 62, 64 from the Polling State 23 to either the Asset Monitoring State 21 or an Asset Diagnostic State
  • Asset Monitoring State 21 to a Help State 22 is initiated by the remote asset 10.
  • Transitioning at 68, 70 from the Help State 22 to either the Asset Monitoring State 21 or Asset Diagnostic State 34 is also initiated by the remote asset 10. Transitioning at 72 from the Asset Diagnostic State 34 to the Asset Monitoring State 21 is initiated by the central monitoring facility if the Asset Diagnostic State 34 was reached by going through the Polling State 23. Transitioning 74 from the Asset Diagnostic State 34 to the Asset Monitoring State 21 is initiated by the remote asset 10 if the Asset
  • the Diagnostic State 34 is reached by going through the Help State 22.
  • the Asset Monitoring State, Polling State 23, and Help State 22 operate in a packet switched network 25.
  • the Asset Diagnostic State 34 operates in a circuit switched network 40.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the transfer of data during the Asset Monitoring State 21
  • Help State 22, and Polling State 23 While in any of these states, messages are transmitted over the packet switched network 25.
  • short messages 30, 32 containing monitoring and/or control data, such as speed, temperature, subsystem health via Go/NoGo flags, or geographic position determined by using the global positioning system (GPS), are exchanged between the locomotive, or remote asset 10, and the central monitoring facility 15.
  • the remote asset 10 may also communicate a desire to change its current system state to the central monitoring facility 15.
  • the remote asset 10 sends a message 30 to the central monitoring facility 15 indicating a need for assistance as fault indicator occurred.
  • the central monitoring facility 15 will send an acknowledgment message 32 at which time both the remote asset 10 and the central monitoring facility 15 will transition to the Asset Diagnostic State 34, illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the remote asset 10 transmits a status message 30 to the central monitoring facility 15 requesting assistance in the form of data retrieval and diagnosis. If the severity of the previously defined event dictates, the asset 10 and central monitoring facility 15 will negotiate information required to establish a dedicated, circuit switched connection. The negotiated information might include a connection delay period, a phone number for the asset 10 to use to call the central monitoring facility 15, or the type of circuit connection that the central monitoring facility 15 should employ to reach the remote asset 10 (i.e. cellular, satellite, terrestrial phone networks). The central monitoring facility 15 acknowledges this "Help" request and both the remote asset 10 and central monitoring facility 15 transition to the Asset Diagnostic State 34.
  • the central monitoring facility 15 acknowledges this "Help" request and both the remote asset 10 and central monitoring facility 15 transition to the Asset Diagnostic State 34.
  • the Polling State 23 may be initiated with remote asset fleet members 10 on a periodic basis. An example would be initiate the daily retrieval of operational fault logs from a locomotive 10.
  • the Polling State 23 may include a request for an immediate status message containing a specific variable or the same content as periodically generated by the asset during the Asset Monitoring State. In other words, the Polling State can be used to force an immediate status update at an interval other than the periodic interval of the Asset Monitoring State.
  • a transition to the Asset Diagnostics State 34 may be negotiated in order to leverage the benefits of the circuit switched connect for asset data investigation and retrieval. Such a transition from Polling State 23 to Asset Diagnostic State 34 may also be triggered to facilitate the download of application or operating system software upgrades to the remote asset 10.
  • the central monitoring facility 15 To command a transition from Polling State 23 to Asset Diagnostic State 34, the central monitoring facility 15 first sends a message 32 to the remote asset 10 indicating a desire to retrieve bulk data from the remote asset 10 or a desire for an interactive terminal session for, as example, to download software upgrades to the remote asset 10. The remote asset 10 will acknowledge this request with a second message 30. At this time both the remote asset 10 and central monitoring 15 will transition to the Asset Diagnostic State 34.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the transfer of data during the Asset Diagnostic State 34. While in this state a circuit switched network 40 is utilized for exchange of bulk data 35, 37 and/or establishment of an interactive session 38, 39. Generally, bulk data 35 is transferred from the remote asset 10 to the central monitoring facility 15. Occasionally, such as when upgrading software, bulk data 37 is sent from the central monitoring facility 15 to the remote asset 10. Interactive troubleshooting steps or operational configuration may be performed by the central monitoring facility 15 in this state. When the bulk data transfer is complete, the invention returns to the Asset Monitoring State 21. Use of the circuit switch network for this state affords lower latency and higher data throughput rates, benefiting both bulk data exchange and interactive sessions. Circuit switch communication resources promise cost savings for transfer of bulk data versus packet networks, especially when wireless communication networks are employed.
  • the Asset Diagnostic State 34 can be implemented using TCP/IP and PPP protocols over circuit switch data satellite networks such as those operated by Motient and TMI Communications.
  • Asset Monitoring 21, Help 22 and Polling 23 States are possible with packet data satellite networks, such as those operated by Motient, Norcom Networks, and TMI Communications.
  • Westinghouse Series 1000 and its HVDM software allows an on-board locomotive computer 17 to interface with both circuit and packet communication links.
  • This example presents but a single embodiment of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Management Of Digital Transmission (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de communication de réseaux et un procédé permettant de surveiller et de transférer des données diagnostiques entre un bien à distance (10) et une installation de surveillance centrale (15). Ce système comprend un module (16) de rassemblement de données, un dispositif (19) de stockage électronique localisé au niveau du bien (10) à distance de façon à stocker les données, les interfaces (14, 18) respectives des réseaux localisées au niveau du bien (10) à distance et de l'installation de surveillance (15), un processeur (17) destiné à gérer l'envoie et la réception des données, un réseau (25) à commutation par paquets, un réseau à commutation de circuits (40), et une pluralité d'états de communication (21, 22, 23, 34) reliées entre elles et fondées sur un protocole (7) de communication prédéterminé. Les transitions du système de communication entre le réseau (25) à commutation par paquets et le réseau (40) à commutation de circuits dépendent de l'état de communication utilisé parmi tous ces états de communications.
PCT/US2000/029321 1999-10-28 2000-10-24 Communication de donnees bi-mode permettant de surveiller et de diagnostiquer des biens a distance WO2001031844A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002387926A CA2387926A1 (fr) 1999-10-28 2000-10-24 Communication de donnees bi-mode permettant de surveiller et de diagnostiquer des biens a distance
BR0015085-1A BR0015085A (pt) 1999-10-28 2000-10-24 Comunicação de dados de modalidade dupla para monitoração e diagnóstico de ativos remotos
EP00972355A EP1228495A2 (fr) 1999-10-28 2000-10-24 Communication de donnees bi-mode permettant de surveiller et de diagnostiquer des biens a distance
AU11029/01A AU1102901A (en) 1999-10-28 2000-10-24 Dual mode data communication for monitoring and diagnostics of remote assets
MXPA02004196A MXPA02004196A (es) 1999-10-28 2000-10-24 Comunicacion de datos de modo para control y diagnosticos de activos remotos.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16230199P 1999-10-28 1999-10-28
US60/162,301 1999-10-28

Publications (2)

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WO2001031844A2 true WO2001031844A2 (fr) 2001-05-03
WO2001031844A3 WO2001031844A3 (fr) 2001-10-18

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EP (1) EP1228495A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU1102901A (fr)
BR (1) BR0015085A (fr)
CA (1) CA2387926A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA02004196A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001031844A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2396729A (en) * 2002-08-23 2004-06-30 Yachtwatch Ltd Remote monitoring security system for mobile property
WO2007009348A1 (fr) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Méthode de routage de domaines se recouvrant pour terminal bi-mode, système et méthode d’inscription, passerelle et émetteur de copie de signalisations
EP1900597A1 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Système de diagnostic et procédé pour surveiller un système ferroviaire
WO2009013170A1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de communication et son procédé de fonctionnement
EP3507166B1 (fr) 2016-09-02 2022-03-09 KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Procédé et dispositif permettant de surveiller des états de véhicules ferroviaires

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US5729544A (en) * 1994-05-09 1998-03-17 Motorola, Inc. Method for transmitting data packets based on message type
WO1999016266A1 (fr) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-01 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Services a commutation de circuits et a commutation de paquets selectionnables dans un reseau de communications mobile

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US5729544A (en) * 1994-05-09 1998-03-17 Motorola, Inc. Method for transmitting data packets based on message type
WO1999016266A1 (fr) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-01 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Services a commutation de circuits et a commutation de paquets selectionnables dans un reseau de communications mobile

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T. CRANE, J. EILENBERG: "Locomotive 6724, Hwere are you? Intergartion of GPS, Mobile Telemetry, and GIS Technologies in a Railroad Environment" PROCEEDINGS OF ESRI GIS USER CONFERENCE, [Online] 8 July 1997 (1997-07-08), XP002164775 Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://www.esri.com/library/userconf/ proc97/proc97/abstract/a584.htm> [retrieved on 2001-04-05] *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2396729A (en) * 2002-08-23 2004-06-30 Yachtwatch Ltd Remote monitoring security system for mobile property
WO2007009348A1 (fr) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Méthode de routage de domaines se recouvrant pour terminal bi-mode, système et méthode d’inscription, passerelle et émetteur de copie de signalisations
CN100442865C (zh) * 2005-07-19 2008-12-10 华为技术有限公司 双模终端跨域路由方法及相关注册系统和注册方法
EP1900597A1 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Système de diagnostic et procédé pour surveiller un système ferroviaire
WO2008034583A1 (fr) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-27 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Systeme de diagnostic et procede de controle de systeme ferroviaire
WO2009013170A1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de communication et son procédé de fonctionnement
EP3507166B1 (fr) 2016-09-02 2022-03-09 KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Procédé et dispositif permettant de surveiller des états de véhicules ferroviaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR0015085A (pt) 2002-06-18
CA2387926A1 (fr) 2001-05-03
MXPA02004196A (es) 2003-08-20
WO2001031844A3 (fr) 2001-10-18
AU1102901A (en) 2001-05-08
EP1228495A2 (fr) 2002-08-07

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