WO2001031162A1 - Drill string with interference fit couplings and couplers therfor - Google Patents
Drill string with interference fit couplings and couplers therfor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001031162A1 WO2001031162A1 PCT/CA2000/001255 CA0001255W WO0131162A1 WO 2001031162 A1 WO2001031162 A1 WO 2001031162A1 CA 0001255 W CA0001255 W CA 0001255W WO 0131162 A1 WO0131162 A1 WO 0131162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drill string
- drill
- coupler
- component
- bore
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
- E21B17/0426—Threaded with a threaded cylindrical portion, e.g. for percussion rods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the securing of components in a drill string.
- drill rods or components are joined together to provide a drill string, which is used to transmit impact energy generated by a drill hammer to a drill bit.
- a joint mechanism has to be provided to connect the rod(s) to the drill hammer, establish connection between each pair of adjacent rods, and to connect the drill string to the drill bit. This is typically done by employing a reusable coupling containing internal threads at either end. The internal threads are compatible with external threads located on each end of the drill rods.
- One disadvantage of this coupling design is that an excessive amount of time during the drill string setup must be expended in threading each threaded rod end to the intermediate threaded coupling and that two threaded sections are subjected to the drilling forces.
- the female half of the coupling sleeve can be made an integral part of one end of the rod, while the other end of the rod contains a corresponding threaded male half.
- These modified drill rods are typically referred to as "male-female" or M/F rods in the prior art.
- M/F rods typically referred to as "male-female" or M/F rods in the prior art.
- a joined pair of M/F rods has better energy transmission characteristics due to a shorter threaded joint length. Since the female half of the M/F drill rods is significantly greater in diameter but much shorter than the rod itself, it is not economical to machine down from the female outside diameter to the nominal rod diameter.
- the M/F rods are made through friction or inertia welding of a finished female connector to one distal end of the rod, and a male threaded connector is machined at the other end.
- welding produces a heat affected zone adjacent to the weld plane joining the rod and the female connector.
- a drill string according to the present invention has at least first and second drill string components secured to one another.
- the first component has a body portion which is slid into an held by an interference fit within a bore of the second component .
- the internal diameter of the bore of the second component is less than the external diameter of the body portion of the first component prior to securing the two components together with one another to produce the interference fitting when the two components are secured.
- a drill string component coupler where that coupler has first and second bores opening in opposite directions of the coupler. At least the first bore is defined by a smooth interior wall.
- the second bore may be defined by either a smooth or a threaded interior wall.
- Figure 1 shows a drill string
- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the drill string of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is an unassembled view of Figure 2.
- Figure 4 shows a method of fabrication a coupling shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- Figure 5 is a further embodiment of for use in the drill string of Figure 1.
- Figure 6 is a sectional view of a further embodiment of rod.
- Figure 7 is longitudinal section of a further embodiment of coupling.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the selection of parameters for the coupling for Figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 9 is an exploded perspective view of part of a drill string assembly according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is an exploded perspective view of part of a drill string assembly according to still a further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 11 is a side view showing the lower end of a drill string assembly in its working position according to yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention .
- Figure 12 is a sectional view through the lower region of a drill string assembly according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a sectional view through the lower end of a drill string assembly according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13a is a sectional view through the lower end of a drill string assembly slightly modified from that shown in Figure 13.
- Figure 14 is a sectional view through the bottom end of drill string assembly showing the connection between a drill rod and the bit of the assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 15 shows the drill rod and bit from the assembly of Figure 14 when released from one another.
- Figure 16 is an exploded perspective view of part of a drill string assembly according to yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the components of s drill string 10 includes a drill bit 11 drill rods 12 and coupling 14 to connect the rods 12 and bit 11 end to end.
- Connectors 14 transmit torque and impact between an adjacent components, either a pair of drill rods 12, or drill bit rod 12 while at the same time permitting the string t 10 to be taken apart once a drilling operation has been completed.
- a bore 17 extends through each of the rods 12 and couplings 14, 16 to provide a passageway for fluid transfer along the drill string 10 and has an internal diameter sufficient to permit adequate flushing.
- Each of the rods 12 and bit 11 includes a body 13.
- a spigot 19 is located at one end of each of the bodies 13 and in the case of the rods 12, a threaded portion 26 is located at the other end 15.
- the couplings 14 include a sleeve 16 which has a machined bore 18 to 01/31162
- An inner surface of the bore 20 contains a threaded section 24 compatible with a threaded section 26 of the end 15.
- the internal diameter b of the bore 18 is accurately machined to be of a smaller dimension than that of the spigot the end 19, at the same temperature. This difference in diameters provides interference fit between the spigot 19 and the sleeve 16 sufficient to transmit torque and tensile load along the drill string 10.
- a typical example of this interference fit is between 0.1% and 0.4% of the external diameter of the rod 12 more preferably 0.2% to 0.3%.
- the selection of the interference fit between the bore 18 and the rod 12 must provide sufficient integrity without imposing undue stress in the coupling that could lead to premature failure.
- the value of k is selected to be in the range 3 to 5 with a corresponding value of h of 2 to 4.
- the axial overlap between the spigot 19 and sleeve 16 can very according to specific application but is typically in the range lc to 5c and preferably in the range 3c to 4c.
- connection according to the present invention may be used with rods of various nominal diameters including both thin-walled and thick-walled tubes.
- rods having a nominal diameter of 32mm the diameter of the bore 17 is 12mm the outside diameter of the sleeve 16 is 45mm the internal diameter of the bore 18 is 30.8mm and the axial overlap is 75mm.
- the sleeve 16 is heated over a specified time to enlarge the bore 18 due to thermal expansion of the sleeve material. This process temporarily eliminates the interference fit between spigot 19 and the sleeve 16 and, once the respective spigot 19 diameters are within a specified tolerance, the bore 18 is able to receive the spigot 19. It is recognized that either the sleeve 16 can be enlarged by heating or the spigot 19 can be decreased by cooling, in order to temporarily eliminate the interference fit.
- An example of temperature differential is in the range 400°F to 1100°F, typically 700°F. The upper limit is maintained below the temperature at which metallurgical changes may occur in the rod.
- a heating apparatus although a furnace or induction heating will provide a more uniform heat source is used to temporarily enlarge the initial internal diameter b, shown in ghosted view, to a diameter slightly larger than that of the diameter of the spigot.
- the spigot 19 is then received by the bore 18 and the coupling is maintained until the bore 18 cools sufficiently to induce an interference fit between the sleeve 16 and spigot 19.
- the clamping force between the sleeve and the shaft acts to enhance the frictional resistance between the body 13 and sleeve 16, which inhibits relative displacement there-between, either axial or circumferential, during rotation of the drill string 10.
- a threaded connection is established between the bore 20 of the sleeve 16 and the threaded end 15 of the body 13.
- the drill string 10 may be disassembled by unthreading the end 15 from the bore 20 and the sleeve 16 may be reused for subsequent reassembly of the drill rods 12, 13.
- a sleeve 16a has a threaded bore 20a at one end and a spigot 38 at the other end.
- the one end of a body 13a has a machined bore 42 of a diameter 44, which is smaller than that of a diameter 40 at the same temperature.
- a coupling between the components 16a and 13a is accomplished by heating the one end in conjunction with the operation procedure described above.
- the sleeve 16 may be provided with two machined bore 18 allowing a heat shrink connection to each component.
- Such an arrangement may be useful for a semi permanent connection, such as between a drill bit and a threaded adapter. It is appreciated that other geometrical shapes for the sleeve ends and the rod ends may be used. As shown in Figure 6, the body 13b is octagonal with rounded corners although other polygonal or oval sections may be utilized. It is recognized that simultaneous heating and cooling of respective components 14, 16 separately may also be employed to facilitate the interference fit coupling there-between.
- FIG. 7 A further arrangement is shown in Figure 7 in which a pair of rods 12c each have a pair of recesses 42c.
- Each of the rods 12 may then be threaded at one end for attachment in a drill string.
- connection is exemplified between a pair of drill rods.
- Any components of a drill string may be connected in this manner including a drill bit that can be secured to a threaded adapter.
- Figure 2 shows the connection of drill rods of a drill string assembly by means of a coupler.
- the coupler has a threaded connection to one rod and an interference fit with the other rod.
- Figure 9 shows a slightly different coupling arrangement.
- an assembly of drill string components generally indicated at 51 comprises a first drill rod 53 and a second drill rod 57.
- Drill rod 53 includes at one of its ends a spigot 55 with a spigot 59 being provided at one end of drill rod 57.
- Coupler 61 includes back to back socket like bores 63 and 65 separated by a full bridge 67.
- Bridge 67 includes a central opening 69 to allow the flow of fluids through the coupler along the two rods when they are connected to one another.
- both of the bores in the coupler have interior smooth walls to receive the externally smooth walled spigots 55 and 59 of the two drill rods. Therefore, in this set up the coupler provides an interference fit for each of the rods. Once again that interference fit it achieved by heating the coupler sufficiently to enlarge the two socket bores such that they slideably receive the two spigots from the rods. Once the coupler cools down, the metallic construction of the coupler causes it to shrink and provide the interference fit with the two rods.
- Figure 13 shows a somewhat similar arrangement comprising part of a drill string assembly generally indicated at 115.
- two spigots 119 and 120 are held end to end with one another through an interference fit provided by means of a coupler or sleeve 117.
- the socket like bores to opposite ends of the coupler for receiving the two spigots are continuous throughout the coupler rather than having a full bridge between bores .
- Figure 13a shows a further coupler 116.
- This coupler includes a threaded socket 118a and a smooth walled socket 118b without a bridge between the sockets. This will be referred to as a semi bridge coupler for use in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 of the drawings shows a drill string assembly generally indicated at 71 comprising a drill rod 73 and a drill rod guide generally indicated at 79.
- drill rod guide 79 has multiple functions. It acts as a centering guide for the drill string and it further acts as a drill hole clearing member. In addition, it acts as a coupler between components of the drill string assembly.
- guide 79 has socket like bores 83 and 85 to opposite ends of the guide.
- Socket 83 is a threaded bore to receive the threaded spigot 75 of rod 73.
- Socket 85 on the other hand is a smooth walled bore to receive the smooth walled spigot 87 of a component to be secured by an interference bit within bore 85.
- FIG. 11 shows a modified drill string assembly generally indicated at 91.
- a drill rod 93 secured to a drill bit 95 is fitted with a hole clearing guide 97.
- Guide 97 which has the same function as earlier described guide 79 is secured directly to the main body of rod 93 by means of the interference fit of the present invention .
- the lower end assembly generally indicated at 125 of a drill string comprises a drill rod 127 and a drill bit 131.
- Drill rod 127 includes a lower end smooth walled spigot 129 while drill bit 131 includes an upwardly facing hollow socket 133. This socket is provided with a smooth walled interior bore to receive spigot 129.
- the bore in socket 133 of the bit has an internal diameter less than the external diameter of the spigot prior to the bit being fitted with the spigot .
- the socket expands allowing the non heated, non expanded spigot of the drill rod to be slid into the socket.
- the socket of the bit then cools off and shrinks onto the spigot providing an interference fit between the two.
- the bit or at least the socket portion of the bit needs to have a different material construction with different expansion and contraction properties from the material which is used to make up the spigot of the drill rod.
- the material in the drill bit must be one which has greater expansion capacity then that of the drill rod allowing the bit upon heating to be removed from spigot of the rod.
- drill rod 127 There are in fact steel products known to the industry which do not expand when subjected to heat. These non expandable steels can therefore be used in the formation of drill rod 127.
- the drill bit on the other hand would be made from conventional bit forming material which would expand relative to the rod upon heating and allow the bit to be removed from the rod.
- one particularly suitable material for use in making the coupling is molychromium alloy. Although other metallic materials could be used this particular is less likely to be damaged or weakened by the heating process.
- drill rods In the case of the drill rods they would typically be made from iron having some chromium content .
- Another standard rod construction would comprise iron with both nickel and chromium content.
- Figures 14 and 15 shown the string as including a guide 135.
- a guide 135. In this set up the guide, sleeved and secured by an interference fit on rod 127 locates directly above the drill bit. Additional guides, at spaced apart locations, may be provided above guide 135 over the length of the drill string.
- male and female rods can be connected directly to one another by means of an interference fit.
- part of a drill string assembly generally indicated at 135 comprises a female rod 137 having a socket 139 at one end to receive the spigot 143 of a male rod 141.
- the socket of the female rod is heated to expand the internal bore of the socket allowing the spigot to be slid into the socket and thereafter the socket cools down to shrink onto and provide an interference fit with the spigot .
- the female socket may be made of sufficient diameter to act as a string centering guide .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00971186A EP1240405A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Drill string with interference fit couplings and couplers therefor |
CA002392820A CA2392820A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Drill string with interference fit couplings and couplers therfor |
AU10138/01A AU1013801A (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Drill string with interference fit couplings and couplers therfor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2,287,681 | 1999-10-28 | ||
CA002287681A CA2287681A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 1999-10-28 | Interference fit coupling and method of application for same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001031162A1 true WO2001031162A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
Family
ID=4164501
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2000/001255 WO2001031162A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Drill string with interference fit couplings and couplers therfor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1240405A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1013801A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2287681A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001031162A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200203259B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2557285C1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-07-20 | ООО "Камышинский завод бурового инструмента" (ООО "КЗБИ") | Drill rod and method of its manufacturing |
US9605493B2 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2017-03-28 | Arthur W. Lauder | Downhole coupling |
WO2018190845A1 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Heat-shrink elastomeric elements made from shape memory polymers |
US11703086B2 (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2023-07-18 | Hydro Tech Inc. | Apparatus and method for assembling a split sleeve onto a shaft |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA200708937B (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-09-30 | Sandvik Proprietary Ltd | Drill string element |
CN104747096A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 贵州高峰石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for improving abrasion resistance of drill rod joint in cased well and abrasion-resistant joint |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR989393A (en) * | 1948-06-23 | 1951-09-07 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Rock drilling bit |
GB728489A (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1955-04-20 | Ingersoll Rand Canada | Improvements in drill coupling |
US3114566A (en) * | 1961-04-21 | 1963-12-17 | Kobe Inc | Shrink fit tubing joint |
US3326581A (en) * | 1965-07-07 | 1967-06-20 | Reynolds Metals Co | Well drilling pipe construction and the like |
US4163478A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1979-08-07 | Adcock Gerald L | Self aligning impact rock drilling tool |
US4769892A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-09-13 | United Corrosion Consultants Ltd. | Pipe joining method |
US5022474A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1991-06-11 | Bardwell Allen E | Multiple blow percussion drill assembly with rapid field maintenance and adjustment capability |
US5878634A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1999-03-09 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth boring drill bit with shell supporting an external drilling surface |
-
1999
- 1999-10-28 CA CA002287681A patent/CA2287681A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-10-27 WO PCT/CA2000/001255 patent/WO2001031162A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-27 AU AU10138/01A patent/AU1013801A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-27 EP EP00971186A patent/EP1240405A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-04-24 ZA ZA200203259A patent/ZA200203259B/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR989393A (en) * | 1948-06-23 | 1951-09-07 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Rock drilling bit |
GB728489A (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1955-04-20 | Ingersoll Rand Canada | Improvements in drill coupling |
US3114566A (en) * | 1961-04-21 | 1963-12-17 | Kobe Inc | Shrink fit tubing joint |
US3326581A (en) * | 1965-07-07 | 1967-06-20 | Reynolds Metals Co | Well drilling pipe construction and the like |
US4163478A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1979-08-07 | Adcock Gerald L | Self aligning impact rock drilling tool |
US4769892A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-09-13 | United Corrosion Consultants Ltd. | Pipe joining method |
US5022474A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1991-06-11 | Bardwell Allen E | Multiple blow percussion drill assembly with rapid field maintenance and adjustment capability |
US5878634A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1999-03-09 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth boring drill bit with shell supporting an external drilling surface |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2557285C1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-07-20 | ООО "Камышинский завод бурового инструмента" (ООО "КЗБИ") | Drill rod and method of its manufacturing |
US9605493B2 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2017-03-28 | Arthur W. Lauder | Downhole coupling |
WO2018190845A1 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Heat-shrink elastomeric elements made from shape memory polymers |
US11065807B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2021-07-20 | The University Of Texas System Board Of Regents | Method of manufacturing a heat-shrink elastomeric element |
US11703086B2 (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2023-07-18 | Hydro Tech Inc. | Apparatus and method for assembling a split sleeve onto a shaft |
US11959517B2 (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2024-04-16 | Hydro Tech Inc. | Apparatus and method for assembling a split sleeve onto a shaft |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1013801A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
ZA200203259B (en) | 2003-04-24 |
EP1240405A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
CA2287681A1 (en) | 2001-04-28 |
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