WO2001030001A1 - Method of representing a number of data streams in a common carrying data stream organised in frames and using in a frame descripting index for enabling the contents of a frame to be interpreted - Google Patents
Method of representing a number of data streams in a common carrying data stream organised in frames and using in a frame descripting index for enabling the contents of a frame to be interpreted Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001030001A1 WO2001030001A1 PCT/SE2000/002028 SE0002028W WO0130001A1 WO 2001030001 A1 WO2001030001 A1 WO 2001030001A1 SE 0002028 W SE0002028 W SE 0002028W WO 0130001 A1 WO0130001 A1 WO 0130001A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- information
- data stream
- stream
- carried
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
- H04J3/1682—Allocation of channels according to the instantaneous demands of the users, e.g. concentrated multiplexers, statistical multiplexers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13166—Fault prevention
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13174—Data transmission, file transfer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13204—Protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13216—Code signals, frame structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13292—Time division multiplexing, TDM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13296—Packet switching, X.25, frame relay
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13332—Broadband, CATV, dynamic bandwidth allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13389—LAN, internet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of representing a number of carried data streams in a common carrying data stream.
- a so-called carried data stream is a sequence of mutually related stream elements.
- the carrying data stream is organised in frames and each frame includes stream elements belonging to one or more different carried data streams.
- time division multiplexing TDM
- data packet handling TDM
- time division multiplexing TDM involves dividing time into different primary intervals, which can be referred to as time frames.
- Each time frame includes a number of time slots, which are repetitive individual time intervals of fixed lengths.
- the length of a primary interval may be 125 ⁇ s, for instance.
- the number of channels available on a transmission medium that uses time division multiplexing may correspond to the number of time slots present in a time frame.
- a channel established between a sender and a receiver may also be allocated several time slots within the transmission medium used. The sender knows that data shall be sent within an intended time slot and the receiver knows that data shall be received within the same time slot.
- TDM dynamic transfer mode
- Data packet handling involves dividing information to be sent from a sender to a receiver within the data packet.
- Data packets include a header and a load.
- the header contains, among other things, address information and information that discloses the size of the packet.
- the load contains the information to be transmitted. Accordingly, the actual information to be transmitted is designated hereinafter data information, whereas requisite information for addressing, etc., will be designated in some other way.
- IP Internet Protocol
- a packet is sent from a sender on the Internet with a receiver address in the header and an information carrying part that can vary in size from packet to packet.
- Two mutually sequential packets are handled in the network totally independently of each other and their relative transfer times may vary quite randomly.
- a so-called virtual channel is established through a telecommunications system, where successive packets have a virtual address in the header, thereby enabling all packets to be sent by the same route in accordance with the es- tablished channel and enables a more predictable transmission time to be provided.
- a packet of standard size can also be subdivided into a number of smaller parts and therewith enable the space available in the packet to be used more flexibly.
- Nodes in a network where packet handling is used multiplex outgoing data packets by placing them in a queue, or line, specified by the destination address of respective packets. A data packet is plucked from the queue and sent to the next node in accordance with available transmission capacity.
- Different levels of global or local addressing can be used, and different priority systems can be used in which high priority packets can be allowed to go before packets of lower priority.
- One characteristic of data packet handling is its unpredictable delay, which can be estimated statistically.
- EP-A1-0 462 349, US-4 661 952, EP-A1-0 510 290, EP-A2-0 428 407, US-A-5 594 734, WO 97/10653, WO 97/36402, WO 97/24846 and WO 97/03526 can be considered to describe the present standpoint of techniques.
- Homochronous transmission is a term used in the present description, by which is meant a time preserving transmission, in other words the time relationship between two transmitted signals is retained upon reception of these signals. This means that if given information lies in the time distance between two signals, then this information will be retained upon reception of the signals.
- isochronous transmission where the time interval between two transmitted signals is equal to a unit interval or to a multiple of a unit interval, can be used as means for achieving homochronous transmission.
- each of the following problems is more pronounced within one of the principles time division multiplexing or data packet handling.
- one principle is more applicable when certain requirements are placed with respect to the transmission of information, while being less suitable when other requirements are made.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a representation that enables a third principle to offer a solution to all of the following problems.
- a technical problem resides in the ability to combine a high use ratio with respect to an available bandwidth with guaranteed homochronous transmission when the bandwidth requirement varies in time.
- time division multiplexing a technical problem exists in being able to change dynamically the bandwidth available to an established channel during ongoing communication.
- a technical problem resides in the ability to provide a wide bandwidth spectrum, such as from 8 kbits to several Gbits, where channels that have totally different bandwidth requirements can be carried by a common transmission medium, and where channels can be allocated dynamically different bandwidths across the whole of this bandwidth spectrum.
- a technical problem resides in the ability to maintain a high use ratio with respect to an available bandwidth and with respect to the transmission of data information, and a low use ratio in respect of the transmission of information relating to addressing and to the format of transmitted information, particularly when using short data packets, such as when transmitting isochronous information with a short delay time requirement.
- a technical problem resides in providing a method of representing a number of data streams so that when transmitting said streams, there is found a concurrent and common solution to all of the aforesaid problems, i.e. a solution as to how one and the same method can achieve dynamic bandwidth allocation, how this can be achieved over a large bandwidth spectrum, how a high use ratio can be obtained for the transmission of data information, how an homochronous transmission can be achieved, and how recursive multiplexing can be achieved, all with one and the same method.
- the present invention takes as its starting point a representation which is here desig- nated frame multiplexing, implying a number of carried data streams carried in a common carrying data stream, where a so-called carried data stream is a sequence of mutually associated stream elements, where the carrying data stream is organised in frames, and where each frame includes stream elements belonging to one or more different carried data streams.
- respective frames include a frame descriptive index, that successive frames can be used to represent mutually different data streams, that mutually successive frames may include different quanti- ties of data information, that carried stream elements contained in a frame can be allocated spaces of mutually different size and thus include different large quantities of data information, and that the frame descriptive index enables the content of a frame to be interpreted.
- the frame descriptive index comprises a reference to a position within a frame descriptive table, said position constituting a local description of the frame structure used by a sender and a receiver respectively.
- the local description of a frame structure discloses the position of respective carried stream elements within a current frame, the size of respective stream elements, and the carried data stream to which respective stream elements belong.
- the frame descriptive table includes a local description of each available frame structure that can be used for the carrying data stream between the sender and the receiver at a given point in time.
- an isochronous carrier such as in the homochronous transmission of a data stream.
- data information belonging to an isochronously carried data stream shall be allocated stream elements within each mutually sequential frame or within frames that include a constant number of intermediate frames.
- the remaining space within a frame can be divided dynamically between different data streams as earlier described.
- a carrying data stream may constitute a first carrying data stream, being one of one or more other carried data streams in a second carrying data stream.
- This second carrying data stream may also constitute a carried data stream of one or more other carried data streams in a third carrying data stream, and so on.
- the advantages primarily characteristic of a method according to the present invention reside in the ability to represent a number of carried data streams in a common carrying data stream where the bandwidth for different carried data streams can be adapted dynamically to prevailing transmission requirements, and where only a very small part of the transmission capacity is required to disclose how the received carrying data stream shall be interpreted.
- This provides a representation that affords dynamic bandwidth allocation over a large bandwidth spectrum with a high use ratio in respect of information transmission, with the possibility of homochronous transmission, and with the possibility of recursive multiplexing, by means of one and the same method.
- the primary characteristic features of an inventive method are set forth in the characterising clause of the accompanying Claim 1.
- Figure 1 is a schematic and highly simplified illustration of the transmission of a number of data streams from a sender to a receiver;
- Figure 2 illustrates schematically a number of mutually sequential frames;
- Figure 3 illustrates schematically two frames that have mutually different frame structures;
- Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a frame descriptive table;
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a series of frames of mutually the same size;
- Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of recursive application of the present invention;
- Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of further recursive application of the present invention;
- Figure 8 is a schematic and highly simplified illustration of one embodiment in which the transmission and the reception of information comprises writing information into and reading information from a memory.
- Figure 1 is a method of representing the transmission of data information from a sender A to a receiver B.
- the Figure shows that the information is comprised of a plurality of so-called carried data streams, of which some referenced a, b, c, d are shown in the Figure and which are transmitted by means of a common carrying data stream 1 and recreated on the receiving side B as data streams a', b', c ⁇ d ⁇
- the present invention requires the carrying data stream 1 to be organised in frames, which are shown schematically in Figure 2 as frames that have the mutually different frame structures 11 , 12, 11 , 15, ..., 1 n. Although these frames are sent sequentially, they are not necessarily sent immediately after one another.
- the frame reference denotes the structure of the frame. Thus, successive frames may be allocated different structures and the same structure can reoccur for different frames.
- Figure 3 shows two frames of mutually different structures 11 , 12.
- a carried data stream a is a sequence of mutually associated stream elements 1a, 2a.
- a sequence of carried stream elements 1a, 1c, 1d, ..., 1 n from different carried data streams a, c, d, ..., n is organised in the carrying data stream in frames 11 and in positions 11a, 11 b, 11c, ..., 11 n within respective frames, where each frame 11 thus includes stream elements belonging to one or more different carried data streams a, c, d, n.
- respective carried stream elements include data information that belongs to a specific carried data stream.
- the carried stream element 1c includes data information belonging to the carried data stream c and that this stream element 1c is allocated a position 11b in the frame structure 11 belonging to the carrying data stream 1.
- the carried stream element 1d in position 12a includes data information belonging to the carried data stream d
- the stream element 1b in position 12b includes data information belonging to the carried data stream b
- the stream element 2a in position 12c includes data information belonging to the carried data stream a
- different frame structures 11 , 12 can be used to represent mutually different carried data streams and can also include different amounts of data infor- mation.
- Different stream elements included in a frame structure may also be allocated spaces of mutually different size, therewith enabling said stream elements to include mutually different amounts of data information.
- Figure 3 shows that the two frame structures 11 , 12 have mutually different sizes and that they carry data streams that are partially different to one another.
- FIG. 1 shows that the size of the stream element 1a, 2a for a carried data stream a can vary between different frame structures 11 , 12. This is illustrated in the Figure by virtue of the stream element 2a in position 12c for the carried data stream a being smaller in the frame structure 12 than the corresponding stream element 1 a in posi- tion 11 a for the same carried data stream a in the frame structure 11.
- the frame structures 11 , 12 also include a frame descriptive index 111 , 121 that enables interpretation of the contents of a received frame.
- the frame descriptive index 111 is comprised of a reference or a pointer 111a to a position FDT1 within a frame descriptive table FDT, which is comprised of a local A, B description of a frame structure that can be used by sender A and receiver B respectively.
- This local description is comprised of a number of positions FDT1 , FDT2, ..., FDTn in the frame descriptive table, shown in the Figure as columns in the table FDT.
- the frame descriptive table FDT is stored in a respective memory Am, Bm of the sender A and the receiver B. ( Figure 1).
- the pointer 111a need only comprise an address, or an address reference, to the memory Bm of the receiver B, meaning that the pointer need only take-up a very small space in the frame structure 11.
- Respective positions FDT1 in the frame descriptive table FDT include a number of data records FDT1a, FDT1 b, FDT1c, FDT1 n, where one data record is found for each position 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 11 n in the frame structure 11.
- These data records FDT1 a, FDT1b, FDT1c, FDT1 n disclose the position of respective stream elements 1a, 1c, 1d, ..., 1 n in the frame, the size of respective stream elements, and the data stream a, c, d, n to which respective stream elements 1 a, 1c, 1d, 1 n belong.
- a position FDT1 , FDT2, ..., FDTn is found in the frame descriptive table FDT for each frame structure 11 , 12 that can be used in the communication between the sender A and the receiver B at that moment in time.
- FIG. 4 A further position in the frame descriptive table, FDT7, is shown in Figure 4. This position is exemplified with position number 7 and has been pointed out 171a by the frame descriptive index 171 for the frame structure 17. This position includes data records FDT7a, FDT7b, FDT7c, FDT7d that point to position 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d respectively in the frame structure 17.
- the choice of frame structure is made dynamically by the sender A in accordance with the information transmission requirement for respective data streams a, b, c, d at that moment in time, by selecting one of the local available Am frame descrip- tive tables, structuring the frame in accordance with a chosen frame descriptive table and including the corresponding frame descriptive index in the structured frame.
- One and the same carried data stream a can be allocated stream elements in two or more different frame structures.
- the carried data streams a and d are allocated stream elements 1a, 2a and 1d, 2d respectively in both frame structures 11 and 12, whereas the carried data streams b and c are allocated only one stream element 1b and 1c respectively in one of the two frame structures 11 , 12.
- the frame sequence may be isochronous.
- mutually sequential frames 11 ', 12', 13' may be transmitted sequentially with a constant time interval t between the frame starts, where the time interval t between transmitted frames can be considered to constitute a primary interval.
- time ratio between transmitted frames is constant means that the time ratio between two stream elements belonging to a carried data stream will be retained.
- all stream elements carried in one and the same frame will be received simultaneously and without a relative time difference, meaning that all transmittable time intervals ti for a homochronous data stream are divided discretely in multiples of the primary in- terval f used.
- Such an embodiment also enables the transmission of data information belonging to an isochronously carried data stream c, said information constituting a stream element 1 'c, 2'c, 3'c within each transmitted frame, here illustrated by the frame structures 1 1 ', 12', 13', or in frames that include a constant number of interme- diate frames.
- the frame structures 1 1 ', 12', 13' may, in other respects, differ between respective frames so that respective frames can transmit stream elements belonging to mutually the same or mutually different carried data streams.
- respective frames can thus include unused regions when the space for included stream elements 1 'a, 1 'b, 1 'c differs from the capacity of a frame structure 1 1 '.
- the Figure shows an unused region at position 1 1 'd.
- this unused region is shown to be contained in one part of the frame, there is nothing to prevent said unused region from being divided between two or more different stream elements in the frame.
- Figure 6 is intended to illustrate schematically how this can be achieved by allowing the aforedescribed carrying data stream 1 , which carries the carried data streams a and b in the Figure, to constitute a first carrying data stream which, in turn, constitutes a carried data stream of one or more other carried data streams 2, 3 in a second carrying data stream 4.
- the second carrying data stream 4 can constitute a carried data stream of one or more other carried data streams 5, 6 in a third carrying data stream 7, and so on in accordance with Figure 7.
- Buffering can be achieved by storing the information in some kind of storage medium, such as a buffer memory, from which it can be read at a later time.
- Figure 8 is intended to illustrate that the storage of information can also be effected in accordance with the earlier described representation, where sending of information can be seen as writing information 81 into a storage medium 8 and where the reception of information can be seen as reading information 82 from the storage medium 8.
- the transmission can be considered to take place in time instead of in space, where the sender sends information 81 at a first time point and the receiver receives information 82 at a second time point, which can take place in the same place in space, although not necessarily so.
- An isochronism can also be obtained with the possibility of an homochronous transmission when the sender 81 , i.e. writing of information into a storage medium 8, takes place isochronously, and when reception 82, i.e. reading of information from the same storage medium, takes place isochronously with the same primary interval as that applied when writing in said information 81.
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU11842/01A AU1184201A (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-19 | Method of representing a number of data streams in a common carrying data streamorganised in frames and using in a frame descripting index for enabling the con tents of a frame to be interpreted |
EP00973319A EP1226672A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-19 | Method of representing a number of data streams in a common carrying data stream organised in frames and using in a frame descripting index for enabling the contents of a frame to be interpreted |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9903808A SE517859C2 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Dynamic allocation of data streams in frames represented by frame descriptive indexes |
SE9903808-5 | 1999-10-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001030001A1 true WO2001030001A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
Family
ID=20417444
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2000/002028 WO2001030001A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-19 | Method of representing a number of data streams in a common carrying data stream organised in frames and using in a frame descripting index for enabling the contents of a frame to be interpreted |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1226672A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1184201A (en) |
SE (1) | SE517859C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001030001A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0428407A2 (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-05-22 | Digital Equipment Corporation | An integrated communications link having dynamically allocatable bandwidth and a protocol for transmission of allocation information over the link |
EP0510290A1 (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1992-10-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Collision-free insertion and removal of circuit-switched channels in a packet-switched transmission structure |
US5210745A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1993-05-11 | Alcatel Cit | Frame restructuring interface for digital bit streams multiplexed by time-division multiplexing digital tributaries with different bit rates |
US5544324A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1996-08-06 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Network for transmitting isochronous-source data using a frame structure with variable number of time slots to compensate for timing variance between reference clock and data rate |
US5594734A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1997-01-14 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Asynchronous processor access to a switch table in a network with isochronous capability |
WO1997024846A1 (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-10 | Dynarc Ab | Method and arrangement for network resource administration |
WO1999055036A2 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-28 | Net Insight Ab | Methods and apparatuses for allocating time slots to circuit-switched channels |
WO2000021251A2 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-04-13 | Net Insight Ab | Methods and arrangement for establishing communication channels in a dtm network |
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 SE SE9903808A patent/SE517859C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-10-19 EP EP00973319A patent/EP1226672A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-19 WO PCT/SE2000/002028 patent/WO2001030001A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-19 AU AU11842/01A patent/AU1184201A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0428407A2 (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-05-22 | Digital Equipment Corporation | An integrated communications link having dynamically allocatable bandwidth and a protocol for transmission of allocation information over the link |
US5210745A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1993-05-11 | Alcatel Cit | Frame restructuring interface for digital bit streams multiplexed by time-division multiplexing digital tributaries with different bit rates |
EP0510290A1 (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1992-10-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Collision-free insertion and removal of circuit-switched channels in a packet-switched transmission structure |
US5544324A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1996-08-06 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Network for transmitting isochronous-source data using a frame structure with variable number of time slots to compensate for timing variance between reference clock and data rate |
US5594734A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1997-01-14 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Asynchronous processor access to a switch table in a network with isochronous capability |
WO1997024846A1 (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-10 | Dynarc Ab | Method and arrangement for network resource administration |
WO1999055036A2 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-28 | Net Insight Ab | Methods and apparatuses for allocating time slots to circuit-switched channels |
WO2000021251A2 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-04-13 | Net Insight Ab | Methods and arrangement for establishing communication channels in a dtm network |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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ARAKAWA O., KOBAYASHI T., SASASE I.: "Reservation-based multiple access with variable frame length having flexible adaptability to traffic pattern", COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, 1997. 10 YEARS PACRIM 1987-1997 - NETWORKING THE PACIFIC RIM. 1997 IEEE PACIFIC RIM CONFERE NCE ON VICTORIA, BC, CANADA 20-22 AUG. 1997, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, vol. 2, 20 August 1997 (1997-08-20) - 22 August 1997 (1997-08-22), US, pages 762 - 765, XP010245084, ISBN: 978-0-7803-3905-7, DOI: 10.1109/PACRIM.1997.620371 * |
BENOIT GENNART ET AL.: "Comparing multimedia storage architectures", I: MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING AND SYSTEMS, 1995, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, 1995, pages 323 - 328, XP002156331 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1226672A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
AU1184201A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
SE9903808L (en) | 2001-04-22 |
SE517859C2 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
SE9903808D0 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
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