WO2001027772A1 - Equilibrage de charge par selection de source de messages - Google Patents
Equilibrage de charge par selection de source de messages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001027772A1 WO2001027772A1 PCT/US1999/022948 US9922948W WO0127772A1 WO 2001027772 A1 WO2001027772 A1 WO 2001027772A1 US 9922948 W US9922948 W US 9922948W WO 0127772 A1 WO0127772 A1 WO 0127772A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gateway
- recipient
- message
- gateways
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
- G06Q10/107—Computer-aided management of electronic mailing [e-mailing]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/06—Message adaptation to terminal or network requirements
- H04L51/063—Content adaptation, e.g. replacement of unsuitable content
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
- H04W88/184—Messaging devices, e.g. message centre
Definitions
- the field of the invention is computer networks.
- a user when a user sends a mail message to an external address, the following typically occurs: first, the user interacts with a user agent (such as "sendmail” on UNIX systems or Microsoft Outlook® on Microsoft Windows® systems) which accepts text and a request to send the text; second, upon receipt of the request to send, the text is converted into an electronic mail (e-mail) message and transferred to a local mail transfer agent (MTA) (such as "mailhost" on a UNIX systems or "Microsoft Exchange Server®” on Microsoft Windows® systems); finally, the local MTA, either directly or through a relay MTA, transfers the message to a receiving MTA ("mailhost" or "Microsoft Exchange Server®”).
- MTA mail transfer agent
- the step of transferring the message from the local MTA to the receiving MTA often involves choosing a route from the local MTA to the receiving MTA.
- Route selection is typically accomplished via low level protocols and "quasi-static" routing tables. Routing tables are “quasi-static" in the sense that they only change when the topography of the network changes, or when manually modified by an operator. Such tables are typically used to implement "cost based" routing in that each link in a table has an assigned cost and route selection is done so as to minimize the cost.
- the local MTA (or the relay MTA if one is used) can become overwhelmed due to the volume of traffic to be handled. For very high volumes of traffic, there may be a significant delay between the time when a message is originally "sent" (given to the user agent) and when it actually gets delivered (transferred by the local or relay MTA to a receiving MTA).
- load balancing One method that might be applied to help prevent overwhelming an MTA is load balancing. Although load balancing mechanisms are known, they are generally limited to handling high volumes of incoming requests for data files such as requests for "web" pages.
- an incoming request is initially directed to a "traffic cop " ' such as a load balancing router which then directs the request for data file and/or connection to an available computer or other device.
- a "traffic cop " ' such as a load balancing router which then directs the request for data file and/or connection to an available computer or other device.
- a modified form of cost based routing replaces the cost figure with a desired relative frequency as is described in U.S.Patent No. 5,872,930 herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Although this form achieves a type of load balancing, it is still based on quasi-static tables.
- Quasi-static tables are not always sufficient because they do not take into account variations in network traffic or the capabilities of individual links. For example, a route over which a message is to travel based on the routing tables may be overburdened and acting as a bottleneck. Such bottlenecks can be particularly troubling when a mail message includes large amounts of data.
- one such method comprises: providing a mail network having an initiator and at least two gateways, the initiator identifying a mail message recipient and identifying advertising material to be mailed to the recipient; selecting a gateway from the at least two gateways; requesting the selected gateway to generate an e-mail message which includes the identified advertising material; and the selected gateway generating and sending the requested message to the mail message recipient.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a network embodying the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram of a procedure embodying the invention.
- a load balanced mail network 1 comprises at least two gateways 10 and 20, each gateway having a message transfer agent (12 and 22) capable of generating and sending electronic mail message to a plurality of external computers (40, 50, 60); at least one initiator 30 comprising an initiating agent 32, the initiating agent 32 capable of obtaining information on available gateways (10 and 20), identifying a mail recipient, identifying advertising material to be mailed to the recipient, choosing a gateway (10 or 20) based on the obtained information and/or the identified recipient and advertising material, and transferring a request to generate an electronic mail message to the chosen gateway (10 or 20).
- the selected gateway generates and sends an e- mail message containing the identified advertising material to the identified recipient's account on one of the external computers (40, 50, or 60).
- the term "mail network” means the initiator, the gateways, and the communication paths among them.
- a load balanced mail network is a mail network in which at least some of the various components cooperate to balance the load on the network to maximize throughput.
- Any computer, routers, bridges, or other devices which are not part of the mail network are referred to as being “external” to the mail network.
- an “external computer” is a computer which is not an initiator, a gateway, or part of the communication pathway between the initiator and gateway.
- External devices may be interconnected so as to form one or more external networks such as the INTERNET.
- the LAN is the mail network and the INTERNET is an external network comprising many external devices.
- the gateways provide a clean point of separation between the mail network and the external network.
- the separation will be a physical one in which the only physical connection between the mail network and the external network is the gateway.
- the gateway and any device or communication path on the LAN side of the gateway is part of the mail network and any device or communication path which is on the INTERNET side of the gateway is an external device.
- the separation is based more on separation of device functions and flow of data than on physical separation with any data/packets destined for the external network flowing through the gateway as though the mail network and external network were physically distinct.
- the gateway be a computer coupling the mail network to the INTERNET and via the INTERNET to a plurality of recipient mail hosts/destinations.
- the INTERNET is an external network and the recipient mail hosts are external devices.
- Gateways 10 and 20 are preferred to be computers which can accept requests from the initiator to assemble and disseminate mail messages from the initiating agent 32 running on the initiator 30, and to perform the requested assembly and dissemination.
- Gateways 10 and 20 may include any combination of hardware and software which allow them to accomplish their tasks, however, in preferred embodiments, the initiating agent 32 and MTAs 12 and 22 will have a client-server type relationship with the MTAs 12 and 22 acting as the server side.
- the gateways 10 and 20 might each have a set of multimedia files stored on them for inclusion in outgoing mail messages where the set on each gateway is identical with the sets on the other gateways.
- the initiating agent need not send large amounts of data to each gateway, but instead need only send a request specifying the recipient of the message and what to include in the message.
- One advantage of having the initiating agent send requests to "assemble and mail” rather than complete messages is that it helps prevent the network connecting the initiator to the gateways from carrying excess traffic, as the message is assembled from data located on the gateway. Thus, even though the system as a whole might require gigabytes per second of bandwidth, internal links do not correspond in size as the requests to "assemble and mail" take relatively little bandwidth.
- Each gateway is also preferred to be connected to different points of an external network such as the INTERNET. In such a case, any outgoing mail or mail requests could be directed to a particular gateway. If information pertinent to message delivery were maintained for each gateway, it would be possible to use that information for choosing a "preferred" gateway for a given message or message request. Thus, it might be possible to choose a gateway because using that particular gateway will minimize the time needed to transfer a particular message to its recipient.
- the information collected may include but is not necessarily limited to the following: delivery time, round trip time, gateway response time, and files available on the gateway.
- the step of having the initiating agent choose the gateway to use from among several possible gateways can be viewed as providing a second layer of routing to the network.
- Such application layer routing allows the initial choice of routes to be based on information generally not available to lower level protocols.
- the ability to perform application layer routing is at least partially supported by maintaining a plurality of gateways having similar capabilities. It is contemplated that the concept of application can have many embodiments. The concept might best be described as, in a network comprising at least two layers or levels of protocols where one layer is a routing layer, using at least one layer other than the routing layer to route packets from one machine to another.
- Initiator 10 and initiating agent 12 are preferred to maintain a list of recipients, data indicating preferences of the recipients, and available advertising materials.
- the initiator periodically sends requests to one of at least two gateways capable of generating e-mail messages containing selected advertising materials and sending such generated messages in response to requests received from the initiator.
- gateways 10 and 20 initiator 30 may comprise a combination of hardware and software which provides the necessary capabilities.
- “advertising materials” includes any material designed to cause someone to think or act in a particular way such as to vote for a particularly political candidate or purchase a particular product.
- the term includes pictures, graphics, sound, and video either individually or in combination, particularly electronically stored versions of such works.
- the term "multimedia file” as used herein includes computer files containing one or more such works.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
- Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/022948 WO2001027772A1 (fr) | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | Equilibrage de charge par selection de source de messages |
AU12003/00A AU1200300A (en) | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | Load balancing via message source selection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/022948 WO2001027772A1 (fr) | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | Equilibrage de charge par selection de source de messages |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001027772A1 true WO2001027772A1 (fr) | 2001-04-19 |
Family
ID=22273731
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/022948 WO2001027772A1 (fr) | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | Equilibrage de charge par selection de source de messages |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU1200300A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001027772A1 (fr) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2367985A (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-04-17 | Nec Corp | Mobile communication system and gateway selection method |
WO2004006505A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede de selection de ressources dans des reseaux de communication |
WO2004006506A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede de selection de ressources dans des reseaux de communication par fixation d'un ordre de priorite des ressources en fonction des prestations et des fonctions |
GB2399994A (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2004-09-29 | Empower Interactive Group Ltd | Distributed message transmission system and method |
WO2007055867A1 (fr) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Memoires de messages independantes et agents de transport de messages |
US7734754B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2010-06-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Reviewing effectiveness of communication rules system |
US7810160B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2010-10-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Combining communication policies into common rules store |
US7921165B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2011-04-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Retaining mail for availability after relay |
US8028026B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2011-09-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Perimeter message filtering with extracted user-specific preferences |
US8726020B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2014-05-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Updating configuration information to a perimeter network |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5632018A (en) * | 1993-01-18 | 1997-05-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Electronic mail system |
US5765033A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-06-09 | Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. | System for routing electronic mails |
US5790789A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-08-04 | Suarez; Larry | Method and architecture for the creation, control and deployment of services within a distributed computer environment |
-
1999
- 1999-10-12 AU AU12003/00A patent/AU1200300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-12 WO PCT/US1999/022948 patent/WO2001027772A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5632018A (en) * | 1993-01-18 | 1997-05-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Electronic mail system |
US5790789A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-08-04 | Suarez; Larry | Method and architecture for the creation, control and deployment of services within a distributed computer environment |
US5765033A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-06-09 | Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. | System for routing electronic mails |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2367985A (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-04-17 | Nec Corp | Mobile communication system and gateway selection method |
GB2367985B (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-11-13 | Nec Corp | Mobile communication system and gateway selecting method thereof |
US6950390B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2005-09-27 | Nec Corporation | Mobile communication system and gateway selecting method thereof |
GB2399994A (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2004-09-29 | Empower Interactive Group Ltd | Distributed message transmission system and method |
GB2399994B (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2005-07-20 | Empower Interactive Group Ltd | Distributed message transmission system and method |
WO2004006505A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede de selection de ressources dans des reseaux de communication |
WO2004006506A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procede de selection de ressources dans des reseaux de communication par fixation d'un ordre de priorite des ressources en fonction des prestations et des fonctions |
EP1952318A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-07 | 2008-08-06 | Microsoft Corporation | Memoires de messages independantes et agents de transport de messages |
WO2007055867A1 (fr) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Memoires de messages independantes et agents de transport de messages |
EP1952318A4 (fr) * | 2005-11-07 | 2009-12-23 | Microsoft Corp | Memoires de messages independantes et agents de transport de messages |
US8077699B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2011-12-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Independent message stores and message transport agents |
US7921165B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2011-04-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Retaining mail for availability after relay |
US7734754B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2010-06-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Reviewing effectiveness of communication rules system |
US7810160B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2010-10-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Combining communication policies into common rules store |
US8028026B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2011-09-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Perimeter message filtering with extracted user-specific preferences |
US8726020B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2014-05-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Updating configuration information to a perimeter network |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1200300A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
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