WO2001023815A1

WO2001023815A1 - Memory element controlled damper

Info

Publication number: WO2001023815A1
Application number: PCT/TR2000/000052
Authority: WO
Inventors: Can Meydanli; Umud Esat ÖZTÜRK; Levent Hasanreisoglu
Original assignee: Arçelik A.Ş.
Priority date: 1999-09-28
Filing date: 2000-09-28
Publication date: 2001-04-05
Also published as: AU1186201A; TR200200794T2

Abstract

The task of the motor in the motor valve, is performed by using a shape memory wire (20) in the memory element controlled dampers. The said dampers comprise a body (1), a protrusion (2), a support (3), a box (4), a reed-type position sensor (5), a sensor plastic (6), a clack (7), a clack sponge (8), a clack handle (9), a support shaft (10), a shape memory wire (20), a shape memory wire connecting part (11), a shape memory wire connecting shaft (12), a pressure spring (13), a slide (14), a recess (15), a cam (16), a cam housing (17), a lock lid (18), slide guiding extensions (19), shape memory wire connectors (21), a shape memory pretension adjusting collar (22), a shape memory pretension adjusting pin (23), shape memory wire reels (24), an intermediate wall (25), a box lower lid (26), and upper and lower magnets (27a and 27b).

Description

MEMORY ELEMENT CONTROLLED DAMPER

The present invention is related to the control of the clack movement of the dampers used in the refrigerators having freezer and cooling compartments, by using shape memory wires.

In no-frost-type refrigerators, the air cooled by being passed over an evaporator by means of a fan placed in the freezer compartment, is used for the controlled cooling of the cooling compartment through an air duct.

As temperatures of various values are required in this compartment in order to store food while preserving its freshness without freezing, cold air is delivered into the cooling compartment in a controlled manner, using a damper. The damper opens when the temperature value in the cooling compartment rises above the required value, and allows the cold air in the freezer compartment to pass to the cooling compartment. When the cooling compartment temperature attains the required level, the air flow is cut off by the closing of the damper.

The dampers have two different types of control mechanisms; namely mechanical and electronic control mechanisms.

In the first control mechanism which is also known as the mechanical control, the damper is connected to a bulb containing a gas that expands or shrinks according to the temperature, which is placed in the cooling compartment. The said bulb functions both as a temperature sensor and as a control mechanism. When the temperature in the cooling compartment rises, the expanded gas in the bulb activates the resilient membrane placed in the same volume and this movement is transmitted to the damper by means of a mechanism in order to open the damper. The damper is opened to a certain degree by changing the pretension of a spring on the said mechanism, using a button that allows the user to control. The advantage of this technique is that a damper opening that is proportional to the gas expansion can be provided and that the damper allows a certain amount of air to pass in accordance with the temperature in the cooling compartment. If the electricity goes off, as the result of the temperature drop in the cooling compartment due to the natural flow of the cold air to the said compartment, the damper automatically closes and prevents the food stored therein, from freezing. The disadvantages of this technique are that the temperature is monitored from a single point, the manually controlled spring pretension does not contain any data about the predetermined temperature value. Furthermore there are not any indicators to show the situation of the damper, in case it is stuck due to frost formation.

In the second mechanism, an electronic control is provided. The data related to the temperature measured at one or more points in the cooling compartment, are sent to a control card. This card compares the temperature data with the predetermined values and drives a motor connected to the damper and opens or closes the damper. Here, the damper is either fully open or fully closed; there are no intermediate positions. When the predetermined temperature in cooling compartment is reached, the damper is fully closed or fully open. In the motor driven dampers, the lid of the damper is driven by the electrical motor placed behind it. When the opening of the damper lid reaches to a certain value, it is stopped by a stopper, thus enabling the lid to remain at the same opened level. There is no proportional relationship between the opening of the damper lid and the ambient temperature. In the motor driven damper, a pair of "reed switch- magnets" are placed in the motor casing, in order to detect the closed position of the lid. By continuously checking the open or closed position of the damper by means of the reed switch placed in the motor, it can be understood whether the damper is clutched due to frost or other reasons. The disadvantage of the technique is that there is no possibility of control in case of a power cut-off and if the damper is in the open position in this case, cold air in the freezer compartment can leak into the cooling compartment and freeze the food contained in this compartment. Due to their mechanic properties, the shape memory metals are used in the dampers both as the sensors and as the drive mechanisms. In general, the alloys based on NiTior CuAIZn have a specific feature of resuming their shapes at a certain temperature, depending on the proportion of the alloy content and on the heat treatments applied on them. Such alloys have a deformable structure in the martensitic phase below the martensitic finish temperature and when heated to a certain temperature, they pass to the austenitic phase and resume their shape prior to deformation. This deformation may be in a rate of 8% and substantially high torques can be obtained due to the strong austenitic structure, during the deformation. The shape memory metals can be classified as those with one-way memory and those with two-way memory. The one-way memory metals have two shapes adapted to themselves in two different temperatures. When the temperature converts to the other they attain the shape assigned for that temperature.

The thermal treatments to bring such alloys to an active state at the desired temperatures, require quite complex procedures that need to be adjusted at the end of difficult and laborious, long researches. Moreover, maximum shape deformation to be achieved from such materials is in the range of 4 to 5%, with a high thermal ageing factor.

In other words, they partially loose their properties after a certain number of temperature variations. The number of this cycle is limited with such figures as the level of 1000.

Whereas those metals with one-way memories, exhibit deformation while passing from martensitic to austenitic phase under the effect of heat; and while transforming from the austenitic structure to the martensitic, in case there is no effect of a force, they preserve their shapes in the austenitic phase. Such materials are brought to the activation temperature simply by means of electrical current and after the desired movement is obtained, they can be returned to their original sizes, e,g. by the force exerted by a counter spring when cooling. The object of the present invention is to provide the control of the clack movement of the dampers used in the refrigerators having freezer and cooling compartments. The damper controlled by memory wires, realized in order to attain the above mentioned object of the present invention is illustrated in the attached drawings, wherein:

Figure la, is the view of the damper with memory control in a closed state, Figure lb, is the view of the damper with memory control during the opening movement in the maximum opened state, Figure lc, is the view of the damper with memory control at the end of the opening movement, in an open state,

Figure Id, is the view of the damper with memory control during the closing movement in the maximum opened state,

Figure le, is the view of the damper with memory control at the end of the closing movement, in a closed state,

Figure 2, is the top view of the damper with memory control, Figure 3, is the side view of the damper with memory control, Figure 4, is the rear view of the damper with memory control, Figure 5, is the front view of the damper with memory control, Figure 6, is the general bottom view of the damper with memory control,

Figure 7, is the view showing the box, cam, slide and lock lid assembly, Figure 8, is the view showing the clack handle, slide, recess and cam; Figure 9, is the view showing the cam and slide,

Figure 10, is the side view showing the shape memory wire connection assembly.

Figure 1 1. is the bottom view showing the shape memory wire connection assembly.

Figure 12a. is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet and the reed-type position sensor, when the memory element controlled damper's clack is closed, Figure 12b, is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet and the reed-type position sensor during the opening movement of the memory element controlled damper's clack,

Figure 12c, is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet at the maximum opening level and the reed-type position sensor, during the opening movement of the memory element controlled damper's clack,

Figure 12d, is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet at open position and the reed-type position sensor, at the end of the opening movement of the memory element controlled damper's clack, Figure 12e, is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet at the maximum opening and the reed-type position sensor, during the closing movement of the memory element controlled damper's clack,

Figure 12f, is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet and the reed-type position sensor, during the closing movement of the memory element controlled damper's clack,

Figure 12g, is the view showing the relative positions of the magnet at closed position and the reed-type position sensor, at the end of the closing movement of the memory element controlled damper's clack.

The components shown in the drawings have the following numbers;

1. Body

2. Protrusion

3. Support

4. Box 5. Reed-type position sensor

6. Sensor plastic

7. Clack

8. Clack sponge

9. Clack handle 10. Support shaft

1 1. Shape memory wire connecting part 12. Shape memory wire connecting shaft

13. Pressure spring

14. Slide

15. Recess 16. Cam

17. Cam housing

18. Lock lid

19. Slide guiding extensions

20. Shape memory wire 21. Shape memory wire connectors

22. Shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar

23. Shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin

24. Shape memory wire reels

25. Intermediate wall 26. Box lower lid

27. a. Upper magnet

27. b. Lower magnet

28. Stopper

29. a. Enactive position of the reed-type position sensor 29. b. Active position of the reed-type position sensor

The shape memory wire (20) used for the control of the damper, is 150 mm long, with a diameter of 0.010", having an activation temperature of 70°C. The shape memory wire (20) can function by supporting a load of 930 g, without loosing its properties.

The phase wherein the shape memory wire (20) is kept in its original size under the influence of the biasing force and is in general at the room temperature. is named as "the Martensite Phase", whereas the phase wherein the shape memory wire (20) exhibits the memory effect after a certain transition temperature and functions against the biasing force is named as "the Austenite Phase". The task of the motor in the motor damper is performed by using a shape memory wire (20) in the memory element controlled dampers.

The said damper comprises a body (1), a protrusion (2) to seal the damper, a support (3), a box (4), a reed-type position sensor (5), a sensor plastic (6), a clack (7), a clack sponge (8), a clack handle (9), a support shaft (10), a shape memory wire connecting part (11), a shape memory wire connecting shaft (12), a pressure spring (13), a slide (14), a recess (15), a cam (16), a cam housing (17), a lock lid (18), slide guiding extensions (19), a shape memory wire (20), shape memory wire connectors (21), a shape memory pretension adjusting collar (22), a shape memory pretension adjusting pin (23), shape memory wire reels (24), an intermediate wall (25). a bow lower lid (26), upper and lower magnets (27a and 27b).

The protrusion (2) is connected to the damper body (1) by tight fitting.

There are two supports (3) that are fixed onto the body (1) by fitting and by a nut- screw connection. The support shaft (10) is fixed to the supports (3) in such a manner that it allows turning only around the shaft axis, the movement of the support shaft (10) along shaft axis is restricted by two stoppers (28). The support shaft (10) is fixed to the clack handle (9) with a screw and there is a clack (7) the lower surface of which is coated with a sponge (8), at one end of the clack handle (9). The said clack (7) is large enough to cover the air opening on the body (1).

The damper clack (7) is fastened to the clack handle (9) by means of fitting and nut-screw connection. There is a recess (15) at the other end of the clack handle (9).

Another important component that is connected to the body (1) is the box

(4) on which the shape memory wire (20) is wound and which contains the locking mechanism. The said box (4) is connected to the damper body (1) by means of claw-fittings and two guiding projections. Furthermore, the sensor plastic (6) to which the reed-type position sensor is connected is fastened onto the damper body (1) by fitting and nut-screw connection.

The shape memory wire connecting part (11) is a part to which one end of the shape memory wire (20) is connected and which is pulled by the shape memory wire (20). The shape memory wire connecting part (11) is fork-shaped mono-bloc component, consisting of two supports (3) placed on a beam on the same place and a part extending vertically towards the body (1). The shape memory wire connecting shaft (12) being fixed onto the clack handle (9) by means of a screw, as the support shaft (10). The shape memory wire connecting part (1 1) is connected to the shape memory wire connecting shaft (12) in such a manner that it allows to turn around the shaft axis, and the movement along the memory wire connecting shaft (12) axis is restricted by two stoppers (28) placed on the memory wire connecting shaft (12).

When the shape memory wire (20) is energized, it shrinks 3-4% with respect to its original length, according to the biasing force applied on the clack handle (9). A biasing force must be applied on the shape memory wire (20) during cooling in order that it resumes its original length prior to deformation. The biasing force required to bring the shape memory wire (20) back to its original size, is provided by the pressure spring (13). The said pressure spring (13) is disposed between the damper body (1) and the shape memory wire connecting part (11) in such a manner that it exerts force onto the clack handle (9) when the damper clack (7) is closed. The pressure spring (13) rests against the beam in the shape memory wire connecting part (11). The force applied by the pressure spring (13) has a magnitude big enough to exert approximately a 600 g force on the shape memory wire (20) at closed position, considering that the shape memory wire (20) can support a maximum load of 930 g. When the pressure spring (13) constant value is selected to be 200 g/mm, as initially a shrinkage of 4mm will occur in the shape memory wire (20) with this biasing force, the force applied onto the shape memory wire (20) by the said spring (13) is up to 700 g. Keeping the shape memory wire (20) at a certain activation temperature by continuously passing current over the wire during the period when the damper clack (7) is left open, will cause an energy loss. For this reason, "a push and pop out" locking mechanism that enables the clack (7) to be locked at the open position, when the required shrinkage of the shape memory wire (20) is provided which in turn leads to the opening of the damper clack (7), is used. The locking mechanism is placed in the box (4). The slide (14) operating the locking mechanism moves inside a recess (15) having an arc-shape that is formed on the clack handle (9) and that is not closed completely on itself. The said recess (15) is configured in such a manner that, it will eliminate all forces excluding the slide axis originating from the angle created by the clack handle (9) with the body (1) during its movement, and applies only a force in the direction of the axis, on the slide (14) for each clack handle (9) angle (Fig.8). In this case, a maximum force is applied on the slide (14) and the slide (14) moves along the vertical axis. An elliptical ring is formed on the slide (14), which is attached to the clack handle (9) by passing along the recess (15) extension, thus, the displacement of the slide (14) along the vertical axis is limited and its escape out of the recess (15) is avoided. Furthermore, by placing the slide (14) between the guiding extensions (19) two of which are formed on the lock lid (18) and two, on the box (4), the movements on the plane perpendicular to the slide (14) axis that may occur due to the frictional forces during displacement, are avoided and only a movement along the slide ( 14) axis is provided.

The cam (16) which will provide the locking is placed into a cavity formed on the wall of the box (4). The cam (16) moves inside the said cavity on the box (4) wall, perpendicularly to the slide (14) axis (Figures 7 and 9). The slide (14) and the cam (16) are enclosed in the box (4) closed by the lock lid (18) in order to protect them against external factors and to guide them. The lock lid (18) is fastened to the box (4) wall by means of two detents and two guiding projections. As the slide (14) moves up-and-down on the vertical plane, the cam (16) moves from right to left and vice versa in its cavity and locking occurs when the damper clack (7) reaches maximum opening and returns, and the cam (16) is released from the locked position when it reaches the second maximum opening and then it attains the closed position. The ratio between the maximum opening and balance positions of the damper clack (7) is determined so that it also works for the reductions that may occur in time due to thermal fatigue, in the shrinkage of the shape memory wire (20). On a plate formed in a perpendicular direction to the slide (14) axis, a component parallel to the slide (14) axis, on which two magnets (27a, 27b) are disposed and which moves in line with the slide, is placed. The sensor plastic (6) is placed just in front of the part with two magnets (27a, 27b). The magnetic fields and therefore the positions of the magnets moving together with the damper clack (7) are detected by the reed-type position detecting sensor (5).

Both ends of the shape memory wire (20) are connected to the shape memory wire connectors (21) for electrical connection. These shape memory wire connectors (21) fix the shape memory wire (20) and also provide electrical connection. The shape memory wire connector (21) at one end of the shape memory wire (20) is fastened to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22) by means of a screw; the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22) is connected to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin (23) by means of a second screw, the shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin (23) in turn, is attached to the box (4) wall by means of two nuts. The position of the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22) on the shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin (23) is fixed by a second screw and the pretension of the shape memory wire (20) is thus adjusted. The shape memory wire connector (21) at the other end of the shape memory wire (20) is fastened to the shape memory wire connecting part (11) by being bent. Space is saved by winding the shape memory wire (20) only one turn over the shape memory wire reels (24) placed between the two shape memory wire connectors (21). The shafts of the said shape memory wire reels (24) are fixed on one side of the box (4) wall, and on the other side to the iron sheet intermediate wall (25) attached to the box (4) by fitting, by means of a nut (Figures 10 and 11). The above described components are assembled together by realizing the following procedures; first the protrusion (2) and the supports (3) are placed on the damper body (1); after fastening the clack handle (9) to the clack (7), the support shaft (10) is passed through the clack handle (9) and the supports (3); one end of the electrically connected shape memory wire (20) is connected to the shape memory wire connecting part (11), and after the pressure spring (13) is placed, it is fixed by passing the shape memory wire connecting shaft (12), then the parts in the box (4) are grouped and first the slide (14) is passed through the clack handle (9) reversely, then the box (4) is fixed by passing the detents below the body (1 ), wherein the shape memory wire (20) is passed over the reels (24) with one turn and its other end is screwed to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22) which in turn is passed suitably, to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin (23) and is screwed after the pretension is adjusted. Finally the box lower lid (26) is fastened after the electrical connection cables are passed through the cavities of detents.

The shape memory wire (20) is selected at a length that will provide more than the minimum movement to operate the lock. A second magnet (27a) to cut off the current by taking the reed-type position sensor (5) inside its magnetic field and activating it, and to stop the movement before the maximum shrinkage to which the shape memory wire (20) can attain, is placed in front of the reed-type position sensor (5). While the maximum shrinkage of the shape memory wire (20) is 4%, power is cut-off by the second magnet which is the upper magnet (27a) when the shrinkage is at a level of 2%, thus avoiding the deformations that may originate due to fatigue or other conditions. Another advantage of this procedure is that a shape memory wire (20) which will provide a longer movement can be wound and that the current can be cut off by a signal coming from the upper magnet (27a) without requiring any fine adjustments of the amount and duration of energization. In the damper with memory control, the shape memory wire (20), the locking mechanism and the reed-type position sensor (5) are placed at the rear side. In this manner, the components that may interfere with the air circulation around the clack (7) are kept away from the air current and the possibility of freezing, for the sliding surfaces on the locking mechanism is reduced.

The position wherein the clack (7) is closed and the minimum opening required to operate the lock has been attained, is detected by the mechanism consisting of two magnets (27a, 27b) and a reed-type position sensor (5). In this arrangement the fact that the "operate distance" of the said sensors (5) while entering the magnetic field is different from their "release distance" while leaving the magnetic field, is taken into consideration.

The magnets (27a, 27b) are located in a place, at such distance that, when the damper is closed and when it reaches the minimum opening level required to operate the lock, the reed-type position sensor (5) gives an "on" signal (Operate Distance), but as long as the damper is opened, it gives an "off signal (Release

Distance).

When the refrigerator starts operating for the first time or runs again after a certain failure, the control unit control the signal sent by the said reed-type position sensor (5) for a creation time.

During this control period, if an "on" signal comes from the reed-type position detecting sensor (5) it is understood that the damper is closed; and if an "off signal is received from the reed-type position detecting sensor (5) it is understood that the damper is open. As an "on" signal is also received when the damper clack (7) attains the minimum opening level required to operate the lock, a certain time period is passed in order to distinguish between the two conditions. The damper remains at this position for a very short time and after waiting for a while, the position at which the damper is, can be understood. The same case is applicable for the "off signal. As long as the clack (7) is left open, the reed-type position sensor (5) is also at "off opposition and it comes to "on" and "off positions for short periods, when closing (Figures 12a and 12b).

When the clack (7) is closed, the shape memory wire (20) is not energized, and the reed-type position sensor (5) sends "on" signal, because it detects the magnetic field created by the lower magnet (27b). The circular areas shown with straight and dashed lines drawn around the magnets (27a, 27b) illustrate the difference between the "operate distance" and "release distance" of the reed-type position sensor (5).

When the clack (7) opening signal is received from the control unit, the shape memory wire (20) is energized and is shortened by passing to the austenite phase; and as the result of this shortening of the memory wire (20), the said shape memory wire (20) applies a force on the shape memory wire connecting part (1 1) that is greater than the maximum force applied by the pressure spring (13) which rests against the beam at the memory wire connecting part (1 1), in an opposite direction with respect to the force applied by the said pressure spring (13); and enables the opening of the clack (7) whereby as the clack (7) opens, the slide (14) connected to the clack handle (9) moves up and down inside the locking mechanism simultaneously (Fig. 12b).

In this case the clack (7) is moving. As the upper magnet (27a) approaches the reed-type sensor (5) the lower magnet (27b) moves away; whereas the said sensor (5) is not effected by the two magnets (27a, 27b) and sends "off signals.

At the end of this step, the clack (7) attains the maximum opening level (Fig.12c) and at the same time the reed-type position sensor (5) enters under the influence of the magnetic field created by the upper magnet (27a), and sends away "on" signals. Upon receiving this "on" signal, the energy supplied to the memory wire (20) is cut. In this case the shape memory wire (20) starts to cool and partially passes to the martensitic phase, the biasing force exerted by the pressure spring (13) becomes effective which leads to the movement of the clack (7) slightly downward from the maximum level, thus causing the locking of the slide (14) which then, fits into the lock, and the clack (7) is left at the "open" position. At this moment the reed-type position sensor (5) remains outside the magnetic field created by the magnets (27a, 27b) and generates "off signals.

The "off signal is received from the reed-type position sensor (5), as long as the clack (7) remains at the "open" position (Figure 12d).

When the signal expressing that the clack (7) is closed, is received from the control unit, the shape memory wire (20) is energized, and thus shortens and consequently the said shape memory wire (20) applies a force on the shape memory wire connecting part (11) that is greater than the biasing force applied by the pressure spring (13) which rests against the beam at the shape memory wire connecting part (1 1), in an opposite and downwards direction with respect to the force applied by the said pressure spring (13); and enables the release of the clack (7) from the lock which then attains the maximum position (Fig. 12e). When the clack (7) attains the maximum opening, the reed-type position sensor (5) enters under the influence of the magnetic field created by the upper magnet (27a), and sends away "on" signals. Upon receiving this "on" signal, the energy supplied to the shape memory wire (20) is cut (Fig. 12e). In this case as the slide (14) is released from the lock, the biasing force exerted by the pressure spring (13) becomes effective which leads to the movement of the each clack (7) slightly down from the maximum level. At the same time, the reed-type position sensor (5) remains outside the magnetic field created by the magnets (27a, 27b) and generates "off signals and the downward movement of the clack (7) continues (Fig. 12f). When the clack (7) reaches the "closed" position, the reed-type position sensor (5) sends "on" signals, as the magnetic field created by the lower magnet (27b) is detected by the said reed-type position sensor (5) (Fig. 12g).

Claims

1. A memory element controlled damper comprising a body (1), a protrusion (2), a support (3), a box (4), a reed-type position sensor (5), a sensor plastic (6), a clack (7), a clack sponge (8), a clack handle (9), a support shaft (10), a shape memory wire (20), a shape memory wire connecting part (11), a shape memory wire connecting shaft (12), a pressure spring (13), a slide (14), a recess (15), a cam (16), a cam housing (17), a lock lid (18), slide guiding extensions (19), shape memory wire connectors (21), shape memory pretension adjusting collar (22), a shape memory pretension adjusting pin

(23), shape memory wire reels (24), an intermediate wall (25), a box lower lid (26), and upper and lower magnets (27a and 27b) that are assembled by performing certain steps as follow; first the protrusion (2) and the supports (3) are placed on the damper body (1); after fastening the clack handle (9) to the clack (7), the support shaft (10) is passed through the clack handle (9) and the supports (3); one end of the electrically connected memory wire (20) is connected to the shape memory wire connecting part (1 1), and after the pressure spring (13) is placed, it is fixed by passing the shape memory wire connecting shaft (12), then the parts in the box (4) are grouped and first the slide (14) is passed through the clack handle (9) reversely, then the box (4) is fixed by passing claws below the body (1), wherein the shape memory wire (20) is passed over the shape memory wire reels (24) with one turn and its other end is screwed to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22), the collar (22) in turn being passed suitably, to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin (23), after the pretension is adjusted, it is screwed; and finally the lower lid (26) of the box is fastened after the electrical connection cables are passed through the claw spaces.

2. A memory element controlled damper as claimed in Claim 1, characterized with the shape memory wire connecting part (11) which a fork-shaped mono- bloc component, consisting of two supports (3) placed on a beam on the same place and a part extending vertically towards the body (1), the memory shape wire connecting shaft (12) being fixed onto the clack handle (9) by means of a screw, and connected to the shape memory wire connecting shaft (12) in such a manner that it allows to turn around the shaft axis, and the movement along the shape memory wire connecting shaft (12) axis is restricted by two stoppers (28) placed on the shape memory wire connecting shaft (12), and to which one end of the shape memory wire (20) is connected by bending the shape memory wire connector (21) on the said end, and which is pulled by the said shape memory wire (20).

3. A memory element controlled damper according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized with the pressure spring (13) that is disposed between the damper body (1) and the shape memory wire connecting part (11) in such a manner that it exerts force onto the clack handle (9) when the clack (7) is closed and that rests against the beam in the shape memory wire connecting part (1 1) in order to bring the shape memory wire (20) back to its original size prior to deformation.

4. A memory element controlled damper according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized with two magnets (27a, 27b) placed on a plate mounted vertically with respect to the slide (14) axis, at such a distance that when the damper is closed and when it reaches the minimum opening level required to operate the lock, the reed-type position sensor (5) gives an "on" signal (Operate Distance), but as long as the damper is open, it gives an "off signal (Release Distance), which move together with and parallel to the axis of the slide (14) in order to detect the position wherein the clack (7) is closed and the minimum opening required to operate the lock has been attained.

5. A memory element controlled damper according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized with a reed-type position sensor (5) placed on the sensor plastic

(6) that is fastened on the damper body (1) by fitting and nut/bolt connection. placed just opposite the part with two magnets (27a, 27b) in such a manner that it rests between the two magnets (27a and 27b) and at a distance sufficient to fall under the influence of the magnetic field created by the said magnets (27a, 27b).

6. A memory element controlled damper as claimed in Claims 1 to 5, characterized with a shape memory wire (20) that is fixed by the shape memory wire connectors (21) at both ends, which is energized and one end connector (21) of which is connected to the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22) by means of a screw; its pretension being adjusted by fixing the position of the shape memory wire pretension adjusting collar (22) on the shape memory wire pretension adjusting pin (23) which is attached to the box (4) wall by two nuts, by means of a second screw; whereas the connector (21) at the other end is fastened to the shape memory wire connecting part (11 ) by being bent; the shape memory wire reels (24) of which are, on one side, attached onto the box (4) wall and on the other side connected to the intermediate walls (25) attached to the box (4) by fitting, by means of nuts; which wound over the reel with one or more turns; and which is in the martensite phase, when it is under the influence of the biasing force and in general at the room temperature, and is in the austenite phase wherein the shape memory wire (20) exhibits the memory effect after a certain transition temperature and functions against the biasing force.

7. A memory controlled damper as claimed in Claims 1 to 6 characterized with the slide (14) which is placed in the box (4), when the required shrinkage of the shape memory wire (20) is provided which the turn leads to the opening of clack (7) "a push and pop out" locking mechanism that enables the clack (7) to be locked at the open position is used, the slide (14) operating the locking mechanism is opened on the clack handle (9) and moves inside a recess (15), which is not closed completely by itself, said recess (15) being configured in such a manner that it will eliminate all forces excluding the slide axis originating from the angle created by the clack handle (9) with the body (1) during its movement, and applies only a force in the direction of the axis, on the slide (14); on which an elliptical ring is formed, which is attached to the clack handle (9) by passing along the recess (15) extension, thus limiting the displacement of the slide (14) along the vertical axis and avoiding its escape out of the recess (15); whereby being placed between the slide guiding extensions (19) two of which are formed on the lock lid (18) and two, on the box (4), the movements on the plane perpendicular to the slide (14) axis that may occur due to the frictional forces during displacement, are avoided and only a movement along the slide (14) axis is provided and that by being enclosed together with the cam (16) in the boy (4) closed by the lock lid (18) fastened to the box (4) wall by means of two clows and two guiding projections it is protected against external factors and guided; and as it moves up-and-down on the vertical plane, the cam (16) moves from right to left and vice versa in its housing (17) and locking is realized when the clack (7) reaches maximum opening and returns, and it is released from the lock during the second time it reaches maximum opening and returns providing the clack (7) to come to its closed position.

A memory element controlled damper according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that when the clack (7) opening signal is received from the control unit, the shape memory wire (20) is energized and shrinks by passing to the austenite phase; and as the result of this shrinkage of the shape memory wire (20), the said wire (20) applies a force on the shape memory wire connecting part (11) that is greater than the maximum force applied by the pressure spring (13) which rests against the beam at the shape memory wire connecting part (11), in an opposite direction with respect to the force applied by the said pressure spring (13); and enables the opening of the clack (7) whereby as the clack (7) opens, the slide (14) connected to the clack handle (9) moves up and down inside the locking mechanism simultaneously and as the upper magnet (27a) approaches the reed-type position sensor (5) the lower magnet (27b) moves away; whereas the said sensor (5) is not effected by the two magnets (27a, 27b) and sends "off signals when the clack (7) attains the maximum opening level the reed-type position sensor (5) enters under the influence of the magnetic field created by the upper magnet (27a), and sends away "on" signals and upon receiving this "on" signal, the energy supplied to the memory wire (20) is cut consequently, the memory wire (20) starts to cool and partially passes to the martensitic phase, the biasing force exerted by the pressure spring (13) becomes effective which leads to the movement of the clack (7) slightly downward from the maximum level, thus causing the locking of the slide (14) which then, fits into the lock, and the clack (7) is left at the "open" position and the reed-type position sensor (5) remains outside the magnetic field created by the magnets (27a, 27b) and generates "off signals.

A memory element controlled damper according to Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when the signal expressing that the clack (7) is closed, is received from the control unit, the shape memory wire (20) is energized, and thus shrinks and consequently the said shape memory wire (20) applies a force on the shape memory wire connecting part (11) that is greater than the biasing force applied by the pressure spring (13) which rests against the beam at the shape memory wire connecting part (11), in an opposite and downwards direction with respect to the force applied by the said spring (13); and enables the release of the clack (7) from the lock which then attains the maximum position and when the clack (7) attains the maximum opening, the reed-type sensor (5) enters under the influence of the magnetic field created by the upper magnet (27a), and sends away "on" signals, upon receiving this "on" signal, the energy supplied to the memory wire (20) is cut whereby as the slide (14) is released from the lock, the biassing force exerted by the pressure spring (13) becomes effective which leads to the movement of each clack (7) slightly downwards from the maximum level and the reed-type position sensor (5) remains outside the magnetic field created by the magnets (27a, 27b) and generates "off signals and the downward movement of the clack (7) continues when the clack (7) reaches the "closed" position, the reed- type position sensor (5) sends the "on" signals, as the magnetic field created by the lower magnet (27b) is detected by the said sensor.