WO2001023308A1 - A process and apparatus for treatment of waste water, effluent and biomass - Google Patents

A process and apparatus for treatment of waste water, effluent and biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001023308A1
WO2001023308A1 PCT/AU2000/001162 AU0001162W WO0123308A1 WO 2001023308 A1 WO2001023308 A1 WO 2001023308A1 AU 0001162 W AU0001162 W AU 0001162W WO 0123308 A1 WO0123308 A1 WO 0123308A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
agent
waste water
biomass
agents
tank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2000/001162
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mohammad Taghi Daneshvar
Ewan Christopher Palmer
Original Assignee
Mohammad Taghi Daneshvar
Ewan Christopher Palmer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AUPQ3066A external-priority patent/AUPQ306699A0/en
Priority claimed from AUPQ4005A external-priority patent/AUPQ400599A0/en
Priority claimed from AUPQ4309A external-priority patent/AUPQ430999A0/en
Application filed by Mohammad Taghi Daneshvar, Ewan Christopher Palmer filed Critical Mohammad Taghi Daneshvar
Priority to AU76337/00A priority Critical patent/AU7633700A/en
Publication of WO2001023308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001023308A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/121—Multistep treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/101—Arranged-type packing, e.g. stacks, arrays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
    • C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/30—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the textile industry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

A waste water treatment system (10) applies an agent or agents (17) directly to the contents of a biological waste water treatment tank or vessel (11) which includes biomass (12) and waste water (13) therein. Application of the agent or agents (17) can be by any means appropriate for the agent concerned including recirculation and/or mixing with a carrier such air or oxygen or oxygen enriched air. The process and apparatus is applicable to a wide range of biological waste water treatment processes from the municipal to the industrial and including the textile and/or paper industries. The agent or agents (17) may also convert difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents.

Description

- 32 -
1. A process of treating waste water comprising introducing directly into a biological waste water treatment tank or vessel having biomass therein an at least a first agent which interacts with said biomass.
2. The process of Claim 1 wherein said agent additionally attacks sludge produced as a result of the interaction of said biomass with said waste water.
3. The process of Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein said at least first agent also converts difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents.
4. The process of any previous claim wherein said at least first agent in the course of assisting in the treatment of said waste water brings into existence a secondary agent .
5. The process of any previous claim wherein said agent is ozone and said ozone is supplied through an aeration line . 6. The process of any previous claim wherein said agent is ozone and said ozone is supplied independently of aeration lines.
7. The process of any one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is an electric current and said current is applied - 33 -
in a steady state or as pulses.
8. The process of Claim 7 wherein said electric current is either AC or DC current .
9. The process of Claim 7 or 8 wherein said current brings into existence ozone as a secondary agent.
10. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is ultraviolet light.
11. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is H202 or other oxidant . 12. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is H.F. radio pulses.
13. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is bright light pulses.
14. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is chlorine or its compounds.
15. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said agent is an uncoupling chemical .
16. The process of any previous claim wherein said agent is applied uniformly to said waste water in said treatment tank or vessel .
17. The process of any previous claim wherein said agent is applied at different intensities throughout said waste water in said treatment tank or vessel .
18. The process of any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein said agent is applied selectively to parts of said waste water in said treatment tank or vessel. 19. The process or any previous claim wherein more than one agent is utilised at the same time. 20. The process of any previous Claim wherein said agent is also utilised to neutralise odour. 21. The process of any previous claim wherein said biomass is suspended within said waste water treatment tank or vessel . 22. The process of any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein said biomass is attached to surfaces of media.
23. The process of any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein said biomass is both attached to media and in suspended form.
24. The process of any previous claim wherein said agent is also used for disinfection of effluent exiting from said waste water treatment tank or vessel .
25. The process of any previous claim applied to any existing or future treatment plant.
26. The process of any previous claim applied to a biological treatment tank or vessel occurring anywhere in a waste water treatment plant.
27. The process of any previous claim wherein treatment steps occur before and/or after said biological waste water treatment tank or vessel. - 35 -
28. The process of any previous claim wherein said waste water treatment tank or vessel is covered or sealed for the collection of gas.
29. The process of any previous claim wherein said waste water treatment tank or vessel is pressurised for the more efficient transfer of oxygen and ozone into the contents of the tank or vessel .
30. The process of any previous claim wherein a solid liquid separation means such as a settling device, membrane separation unit, air floatation unit and/or lamellar settler is incorporated within said treatment tank or vessel or as a separate state to said treatment tank or vessel to separate suspended solids from effluent exiting said waste water treatment tank. 31. A treatment plant operating according to the process of any previous claim of any shape or configuration.
32. Apparatus for treating waste water; said apparatus including at least a waste water treatment tank or vessel including biomass therein and adapted to interact with waste water which contains said biomass thereby to reduce at least the concentration of organic materials within said waste water so as to produce treated effluent; said apparatus further including means to bring an agent or agents into contact with said waste - 36 -
water; said agent or agents adapted to cause a reduction in said biomass.
33. The apparatus of Claim 32 wherein said agent or agents also convert difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents.
34. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent or agents additionally acts to disinfect said effluent.
35. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 or 34 wherein said agent is ozone.
36. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is an electric current and said current is applied in a steady state or as pulses in AC or DC form.
37. The apparatus of Claim 34 or 35 wherein said current brings into existence ozone as a secondary agent.
38. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is ultraviolet light.
39. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is H202 or other oxidant . 40. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is H.F. radio pulses.
41. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is bright light pulses.
42. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is - 37 -
chlorine or its compounds .
43. The apparatus of Claim 32 or 33 wherein said agent is an uncoupling chemical.
44. A process for controlling biomass in a bioreactor; said process comprising introducing an agent or agents into said bioreactor; said agent or agents adapted to reduce the rate of production of said biomass.
45. The method of Claim 44 wherein said agent or agents also converts difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents.
46. A method of retro-fitting a supplementary treatment process to a waste water treatment plant which includes a bioreactor as part of said process; said method comprising the steps of causing introduction of an agent or agents so as to directly influence growth of biomass in said bioreactor.
47. A process for treating waste water comprising introducing directly into a waste water treatment tank or vessel having biomass therein at least a first agent which interacts with said biomass.
48. The process of Claim 47 wherein said agent additionally acts to lysise biomass for reduction of excess biomass production, encourage more active biomass thereby to - 38 -
encourage selective domination of some species of biomass, encourage the growth of larger micro-organisms that feed on smaller species, encourage the breakdown of hard to biodegrade compounds to more easily biodegradable ones, breakdown of refractory, inhibitory and/or toxic compounds, cause better settling characteristics of the biomass, remove colour, defuse odour .
49. The process of Claim 47 or Claim 48 wherein ozone comprises said at least first agent.
50. The process of any one of Claims 47, 48 or 49 including a further agent acting in combination with one or more agents .
51. The process of any one of Claims 47 to 50 wherein said agent or agents include:
(a) a source of electric current;
(b) UV light;
(c) H202.. other oxidants
(d) H.F. radio pulses (e) bright light pulses
(f) chlorine or its compounds
(g) uncoupling chemicals
52. The process of any one of Claims 47 to 51 wherein said at least first agent creates a secondary agent. - 39 -
53. The process of Claim 52 wherein electricity comprises said at least first agent which then causes the production of a secondary agent such as ozone and/or chlorine . 54. The process of any one of Claims 47 to 53 applied to an existing or future treatment plant. 55. A treatment plant operating according to the process of any one of Claims 47 to 54 of any shape or configuration . 56. The process of any one of Claims 47 to 55 applied to a biological treatment tank or vessel occurring anywhere in a waste water treatment plant.
57. The process of Claim 56 wherein treatment steps occur before and/or after said biological waste water treatment tank or vessel .
58. The process of any one of Claims 40 to 57 applied to wastes associated with the textile and dying industry and to the paper industry.
59. The process of Claim 58 wherein effluent can include dye compounds, pulp and paper waste water that contains hard to biodegrade and/or refractory compounds, landfill leaches, chemical and petrochemical waste that may contain hard to biodegrade and/or inhibitory compounds.
60. The apparatus or any one of Claims 30 to 41 applied to - 40 -
wastes associated with the textile and dying industry and to the paper industry.
61. The apparatus of Claim 60 wherein effluent can include dye compounds, pulp and paper waste water that contains hard to biodegrade and/or refractory compounds, landfill leaches, chemical and petrochemical waste that may contain hard to biodegrade and/or inhibitory compounds.
62. Apparatus for treating waste water as hereinbefore particularly described with reference to what is shown in the accompanying drawings .
63. A method of controlling biomass in a reactor as hereinbefore particularly described with reference to what is shown in the accompanying drawings.
A PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER,
EFFLUENT AND BIOMASS INTRODUCTION
The present invention concerns a process and apparatus for treating wastewater and, more particularly, a process and apparatus which includes a step of biological waste water treatment utilising biomass. The invention in preferred embodiments, may find application in a range of waste water plants ranging from a single household up to large domestic to industrial plants, and for the treatment of even the most polluted waste water or waste water containing non-readily- biodegradable organic matter or colour or odour producing elements . BACKGROUND Waste water treatment involves several steps to achieve good quality treated effluent. Standards are becoming more stringent day by day, so the trend in the research and technology is towards innovation that brings about a better effluent quality. Producing an effluent with minimal organic, bacterial and viral pollutants and good enough for recycling has proven to be an expensive exercise especially for smaller installations. On the other hand one of the major problems and expenses regarding waste water treatment plants is the handling and disposal of excess biomass or sludge. - 2 -
Other problems include the situation where the waste water containes inhibitory compounds that adversely affect the biological treatment process. Another problem occurs where difficult to biodegrade compounds such as some colour producing compounds limit the effectiveness of the biological treatment .
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate one or more of the abovementioned disadvantages.
It is a particular object of at least some preferred embodiments of the present invention to seek to reduce or eliminate the amount of excess biomass or sludge that is produced by biological treatment plants for a given treatment capacity and seek to reduce the concentration of refractory inhibitory and/or toxic compounds at the same time. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in one broad form of the invention there is provided a process of treating waste water comprising introducing directly into a biological waste water treatment tank or vessel having biomass therein an at least a first agent which interacts with said biomass .
Preferably said agent additionally attacks sludge produced as a result of the interaction of said biomass with said waste water.
Preferably said at least first agent also converts - 3 -
difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents .
Preferably said at least first agent in the course of assisting in the treatment of said waste water brings into existence a secondary agent.
Preferably said agent is ozone and said ozone is supplied through an aeration line.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is ozone and said ozone is supplied independently of aeration lines.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is an electric current and said current is applied in a steady state or as pulses.
Preferably said electric current is either AC or DC current .
Preferably said current brings into existence ozone as a secondary agent .
In an alternative preferred form said agent is ultraviolet light. In yet an alternative preferred form said agent is H202 or other oxidant .
In yet an alternative preferred form said agent is H.F. radio pulses.
In yet an alternative preferred form said agent is - 4 -
bright light pulses.
In yet an alternative preferred form said agent is chlorine or its compounds.
In yet an alternative preferred form said agent is an uncoupling chemical.
Preferably said agent is applied uniformly to said waste water in said treatment tank or vessel .
In an alternative preferred form said agent is applied at different intensities throughout said waste water in said treatment tank or vessel.
In yet an alternative preferred form said agent is applied selectively to parts of said waste water in said treatment tank or vessel.
In a particular preferred form more than one agent is utilised at the same time.
Preferably said agent is also utilised to neutralise odour .
Preferably said biomass is suspended within said waste water treatment tank or vessel. In an alternative preferred form said biomass is attached to surfaces of media.
In yet an alternative preferred form said biomass is both attached to media and in suspended form.
In a preferred form said agent is also used for - 5 -
disinfection of effluent exiting from said waste water treatment tank or vessel.
It is expected that the process can be applied to any existing or future treatment plant. In a particular preferred form the process is applied to a biological treatment tank or vessel occurring anywhere in a waste water treatment plant.
In a further preferred form treatment steps occur before and/or after said biological waste water treatment tank or vessel .
Preferably said waste water treatment tank or vessel is covered or sealed for the collection of gas.
Preferably said waste water treatment tank or vessel is pressurised for the more efficient transfer of oxygen and ozone into the contents of the tank or vessel .
In a particular preferred form a solid liquid separation means such as a settling device, membrane separation unit, air floatation unit and/or lamellar settler is incorporated within said treatment tank or vessel or as a separate state to said treatment tank or vessel to separate suspended solids from effluent exiting said waste water treatment tank.
In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a treatment plant operating according to the process described above. - 6 -
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided an apparatus for treating waste water; said apparatus including at least a waste water treatment tank or vessel including biomass therein and adapted to interact with waste water which contains said biomass thereby to reduce at least the concentration of organic materials within said waste water so as to produce treated effluent; said apparatus further including means to bring an agent or agents into contact with said waste water; said agent or agents adapted to cause a reduction in said biomass.
Preferably said agent or agents also convert difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents . Preferably said agent or agents additionally acts to disinfect said effluent.
Preferably said agent is ozone.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is an electric current and said current is applied in a steady state or as pulses.
Preferably said electric current is either AC or DC current .
Preferably said current brings into existence ozone as a secondary agent . - 7 -
In an alternative preferred form said agent is ultraviolet light.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is H202 or other oxidant . In an alternative preferred form said agent is H.F. radio pulses.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is bright light pulses.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is chlorine or its compounds.
In an alternative preferred form said agent is an uncoupling chemical.
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided a process for controlling biomass in a bioreactor; said process comprising introducing an agent or agents into said bioreactor; said agent or agents adapted to reduce the rate of production of said biomass.
Preferably said agent or agents also converts difficult to degrade organic matter into more easily biodegradable organic matter and/or oxidises colour and odour producing agents .
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method of retro- fitting a supplementary treatment process to a waste water treatment plant which includes a - 8 -
bioreactor as part of said process; said method comprising the steps of causing introduction of an agent or agents so as to directly influence growth of biomass in said bioreactor.
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided a process for treating waste water comprising introducing directly into a waste water treatment tank or vessel having biomass therein at least a first agent which interacts with said biomass.
Preferably said agent additionally acts to lysise biomass for reduction of excess biomass production, encourage more active biomass thereby to encourage selective domination of some species of biomass, encourage the growth of larger micro-organisms that feed on smaller species, encourage the breakdown of hard to biodegrade compounds to more easily biodegradable ones, breakdown of refractory, inhibitory and/or toxic compounds, cause better settling characteristics of the biomass, remove colour, defuse odour.
Preferably ozone comprises said at least first agent.
Preferably said process includes a further agent acting in combination with one or more agents.
Preferably said agent or agents include :
(a) a source of electric current;
(b) UV light;
(c) H202.. other oxidants - 9 -
(d) H.F. radio pulses
(e) bright light pulses
(f) chlorine or its compounds
(g) uncoupling chemicals Preferably said at least first agent creates a secondary agent .
Preferably electricity comprises said at least first agent which then causes the production of a secondary agent such as ozone and/or chlorine. It is expected that the process can be applied to any existing or future treatment plant.
In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a treatment plant operating according to the above described process. Preferably the process is applied to a biological treatment tank or vessel occurring anywhere in a waste water treatment plant.
Preferably treatment steps occur before and/or after said biological waste water treatment tank or vessel. In preferred forms the process is applied to wastes associated with the textile and dying industry and/or to the paper industry.
Preferably effluent can include dye compounds, pulp and paper waste water that contains hard to biodegrade and/or - 10 -
refractory compounds, landfill leaches, chemical and petrochemical waste that may contain hard to biodegrade and/or inhibitory compounds .
Preferably the apparatus is applied to wastes associated with the textile and dying industry and to the paper industry.
In a particular preferred form effluent can include dye compounds, pulp and paper waste water that contains hard to biodegrade and/or refractory compounds, landfill leaches, chemical and petrochemical waste that may contain hard to biodegrade and/or inhibitory compounds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1A is a block schematic diagram of a generalised process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. IB is a block diagram of a waste water treatment system in accordance with a further broad concept of the invention; Fig. 1C is a first modification of the embodiment of Fig. IB;
Fig. ID is a further variation of the embodiment of Fig. IB;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first example of an - 11 -
application of the invention in the form of a compact on site treatment plant with a circular tank suitable for a single household or small communities or some industrial wastes;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second example of an application of the invention in the form of a compact on site treatment plant with a rectangular tank suitable for a single household or small communities or some industrial wastes;
Fig. 4 is a perspective partly cut away view of a third example of an application of an embodiment of the invention in the form of a compact on site treatment plant with a rectangular tank and special media curtains suitable for a single household or small communities or the compact treatment of some industrial wastes;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth example of an application of an embodiment of the invention using ozonisation and/or electric current or other agent or agents for excess biomass reduction and disinfection of the effluent that is also suitable for modifying existing systems;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth example of an application of the invention using electricity or U.V. light or radio pulses or other agent or agents to reduce excess biomass production whilst also applying electric current or
U.V. radiation pulses to return sludge;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sixth example of an - 12 -
application of the invention using electric current to reduce excess biomass production whilst also applying electric current or U.V. light or radio pulses or other agent or agents to a recycle flow from the process tank. BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Introduction
With reference to Fig. 1A there is illustrated a generalised waste water treatment plant 60 to which a further generalised embodiment of the invention can be applied. The plant 60 includes at some point within it a biological treatment vessel or tank 61 having therein biomass 62 in any form within or mixed in with water 63.
The biomass can be in the form of suspended growth, attached growth or mixed growth utilising a combination of attached and suspended growth.
The plant 60 may comprise many such tanks 61 or tank 61 may simply be one step in a multi-process step amongst steps 64, 65.
The aim is to apply an agent 66 directly (where "directly" can include via a recirculation mechanism into and through tank 61) so as to act on the biomass 62 in order to improve overall process characteristics.
Typically the agent will act in the course of biodegradation of organic waste to do one or more of lysise - 13 -
biomass for reduction of excess biomass production, encourage more active biomass thereby to encourage selective domination of some species of biomass, encourage the growth of larger micro-organisms that feed on smaller species, encourage the breakdown of hard to biodegrade compounds to more easily biodegradable ones, breakdown of refractory, inhibitory and/or toxic compounds, cause better settling characteristics of the biomass, remove colour, defuse odour through application of ozone (as a particular agent) alone or in combination with one or more agents directly to the process tank, bioreactor aeration tank or through a recirculation loop to the content of the tank. Particular agents include: (a) Ozone,- (b) a source of electric current;
(c) UV light;
(d) H202.; other oxidants
(e) H.F. radio pulses
(f) bright light pulses (g) chlorine or its compounds (h) uncoupling chemicals
In a particular form a primary agent such as ozone or electricity then creates a secondary agent . For example electricity can cause the production of ozone and/or the - 14 -
production of chlorine.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention there is envisaged a process for treating waste water where biological treatment utilising biomass takes place at least one point in the process. The process has the advantage of being compact, having low and in some cases no sludge production due to its use of direct introduction of an agent such as ozone and/or electricity, radio pulses, light pulses and the like into the process tank. In particular forms the action of the agent and/or biomass may remove nitrogen alongside other organic matters and/or nutrients . In particular forms the process is easy to run and operate.
In one preferred form the process comprises the steps of biologically treating the waste water and excess biomass along with the degradation of not readily biodegradable elements in the waste to readily biodegradable forms including colour, smell and taste inducing elements in the same vessel or tank and/or disinfecting the effluent. Waste water can undergo operations prior to biological treatment such as screening grit removal, preliminary settling of suspended solids and/or anaerobic treatment, dependent on the particular configuration and outcome desired.
When entering the process vessel or bioreactor, waste water will come in contact with the biomass that is present - 15 -
in the bioreactor in the attached and/or suspended form. Air and/or oxygen or oxygen enriched air can be supplied to the bioreactor and/or certain parts of the bioreactor to provide dissolved oxygen necessary for the carbonaceous oxidation and/or nitrification of the pollutants in the waste water by the biomass. The supplied air or oxygen flow can contain a certain dose of ozone (between 0.5% to 160% and more preferably between 5% and 15% by weight of the daily loading of the Chemical Oxygen Demand, (COD) ) to ozonolyse some of the biomass produced in the aeration tank and make it available as food for the rest of the biomass by disrupting or damaging the cell membrane and releasing the cell contents into the aqueous environment . On the other hand it may increase the metabolism of the biomass and encourage larger micro-organisms to grow in number. The waste water feed if odorous can be distributed in the vessel in such a way as to allow the maximum neutralisation of the odour in it by providing the maximum contact with the air/oxygen flow containing the ozone. In a further preferred form, gases which may contain agent and which are given off from the process tank can be directed to treat or neutralise odour occurring elsewhere in the installation. In a particular preferred form the agent is ozone. It is also possible to apply a controlled DC or AC - 16 -
electrical current or other agent such as UV light, radio pulses, high frequency radio pulses, bright light pulses, H202, chlorine and/or uncoupling chemicals to the content of the bioreactor directly or through a circulation pass to achieve the same goal . Also the process can use a combination of agents.
A sedimentation zone or other solid separation means such as dissolved air flotation, membrane filtration or lamellar settler can be included in the bioreactor or can be included as a separate stage depending on the waste water conditions and other parameters . The same agent or agents used for reduction in excess biomass production can be used for the disinfection of the effluent depending on the required quality of the effluent or its later usages. The effluent can undergo further chemical, physical or biological treatment if certain usages are planned. These can include, for example, microscreening, membrane filtration, nitrification, denitrification, phosphorous removal, disinfection, ion exchange and/or dialysis. The process is also capable of treating waste waters with different strength from municipal waste water to very strong industrial waste waters .
Benefits of preferred embodiments of the present invention which include the application of ozone and/or - 17 -
electric current or other agents in the same vessel with the biological treatment are many. The introduction of ozone and/or other agents can kill some of the biomass thereby releasing their cell contents into the tank making them available as food for the remaining biomass. In some forms it can encourage the growth of more active and/or larger micro organisms. In some forms it can break down barely biodegradable organic matter to more readily biodegradable forms hence producing an effluent containing less organic matter. The difficult to treat organics usually are a source of colour, taste and smell in the effluent. Ozone when combined with aeration can break down Volatile Organic Matters (VOC) in the air coming out of the bioreactor reducing the odour from such installations and reducing the amount of VOC entering the environment. Ozone and electricity or other agents also may work as a stimulant for the surviving biomass making it more active in biodegradation of pollutants in the waste hence increasing the efficiency of the system. Ozone, electricity and/or other agents incorporated in the bioreactor can increase the flocculation capability of the biomass increasing its settling or attachment characteristics and may produce more clear effluent. If any sludge is produced the process may increase the dewaterability characteristics of the sludge. - 18 -
A further problem is the existence of soluble microbial products (SMP) that can be produced in a treatment system as a result of biomass activity.
Soluble microbial products have an inhibitory effect on biomass activity. It is viewed as desirable to reduce the presence of soluble microbial products and the presence of other toxic or coloured matter thereby to contribute to more efficient biological treatment, a better solid liquid separation and higher quality effluent including effluent which has a lowered chemical oxygen demand (COD) .
If using the same line for ozone mixed with air and/or oxygen, care must be taken to ensure the materials used are resistant to ozone. The ozone in the flow can ensure that the lines and especially diffusers remain clean. Also it can prevent or reduce the pressure drop across the diffusers and may eliminate the need for cleaning them as is required for treatment plants at the present .
The biomass can be in the form of suspended growth, attached growth or mixed growth utilising a combination of attached and suspended growth.
The bioreactor can be sealed or covered for collection of the exhaust gas for further treatment, recycling or disposal. The bioreactor can be pressurised for more efficient transfer of oxygen and ozone and also thereby - 19 -
increasing the activity of the biomass or it can operate under atmospheric pressure depending on the conditions.
A suitable settling device or other solid-liquid separation means such as a membrane filtration unit can be located inside the bioreactor or adjacent to it to separate the suspended solids from the effluent.
With particular reference to Figs IB, 1C and ID preferred embodiments of the invention in its broadest form are illustrated diagrammatically . First Embodiment
Fig. IB illustrates a waste water treatment system 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising what is commonly termed a bioreactor or process tank 11 including therein biomass 12. Biomass 12 can be grown on the surfaces of media which is placed in the bio-reactor or it can be grown in a suspended state in the waste water or both
In other forms the biomass 12 can be grown in a hybrid manner both attached and suspended within the bio-reactor or process tank 11. In use waste water 13 is introduced into tank 11 via waste water inlet 14. Within the bioreactor or process tank
11 the waste water 13 is brought into contact with biomass 12 with the end result that organic materials and nutrients present in the waste water are absorbed or consumed - 20 -
(oxidised) by the biomass 12 leaving a reduced amount of such organic materials in treated effluent 15 which exits from the tank 11 by means of effluent outlet 16.
In the course of the biomass 12 acting on the waste water 13 the biomass itself absorbs and oxidizes nutrients and organic materials within the waste water 13 thereby producing more biomass as a result of cell divisions and biomass growth. This excess biomass is generally categorised as "sludge" . After its separation from the effluent, the disposal of sludge inflicts a heavy cost that sometimes exceeds 60% of the total cost of treatment .
In order to control the amount and/or concentration of the biomass 12 an agent or agents 17 is/are introduced into tank 11 by means of agent supply line 18 or other agent supply means appropriate for delivery of the agent or agents. The agent or agents 17 is/are selected for its/their ability to act on biomass 12 so as to control its growth.
Examples of suitable agent include ozone. Other examples of a suitable agent or agents are:
(a) a source of electric current;
(b) UV light;
(c) H202 other oxidants
(d) H.F. radio pulses - 21 -
(e) bright light pulses
(f) chlorine or its compounds
(g) uncoupling chemicals
These agents can be applied alone or in combination. As will be described in examples to follow, the agent or agents 17 may also have some or all of the following additional beneficial effects including: i. Acts as a disinfectant on the effluent if planned to do so; ii . Increase the flocculation capability of the biomass 12; iii. Act to break down barely biodegradable organic matter present in the waste water 13 to more readily biodegradable forms; iv. Breaks down inhibitory and/or toxic compounds; v. Change the composition of biomass to a more active one and also increases the population of larger organisms and predators.
A further problem is the existence of soluble microbial products (SMP) that can be produced in a treatment system as a result of biomass activity and the agent or agents breaking down such compounds reducing their concentration.
Soluble microbial products have an inhibitory effect on biomass activity. It is viewed as desirable to reduce the - 22 -
presence of soluble microbial products and the presence of other inhibitory, toxic or coloured matter thereby to contribute to more efficient biological treatment, a better solid liquid separation and higher quality effluent including effluent which has a lowered chemical oxygen demand (COD) . Second Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1C a waste water treatment system 20 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown in diagrammatic form. As for the first embodiment of Fig. IB tank 21 includes biomass 22 which comes in contact with waste water 23 received from waste water inlet 24 and, following treatment by the biomass activity, exits as treated effluent 25 through effluent outlet 26. In this instance a recirculating line 29 is utilised to bring agent or agents 27 in contact with waste water 23. In this instance an agent application chamber 30 is used to introduce agent 27 via agent or agents supply line 28 into waste water 23 circulating in the direction indicated within recirculating line 29.
Optionally a secondary processing device 31 can be inserted in the recirculating line 29 prior to agent application chamber 30 with a view to conducting additional processing on the waste water 23. In one example the - 23 -
secondary processing device 31 can take the form of a solid- liquid separation device adapted for the separation of sludge from suspension within waste water 23. The waste water 23 then passes the concentrated biomass to agent or agents application chamber 30.
It will be noted that, even though a recirculating line 29 or route has been introduced for the waste water 23 during treatment within tank 21, it is still the case that agent or agents 27 is being introduced in such a way as to operate directly upon waste water 23, including biomass, while it undergoes treatment in the bioreactor or process tank 21.
The concept of a recirculating line such as line 29 is particularly useful when it is desired to apply embodiments of the present invention to existing waste water treatment by way of retrofit. Third Embodiment
With reference to Fig. ID a waste water treatment system 40 according to a third embodiment of the invention is illustrated in block diagram form. This arrangement is a generalised form of the arrangement of Fig. 1C inclusive of specific use of a secondary treatment or secondary processing device and further introducing the concept of multiple use of the agent which is to say use of the agent for more than one purpose - 24 -
and, in particular embodiments that more than one point of application within the waste water treatment system 40.
Specifically the waste water treatment system 40 comprises a primary treatment tank 41 including biomass 42 or equivalent active material for the purpose of absorbing organic materials from waste water 43 received via waste water inlet 44.
Treated effluent 45 passes via effluent outlet 46 to secondary processing device 51 which, in this instance, comprises secondary tank 52. In one example of secondary treatment the secondary tank 52 comprises a settling tank which allows excess sludge 53 to settle out and, ultimately, to be removed from tank 52 via sludge exit 54.
Secondary treated effluent 55 exits via secondary effluent exit 56 from secondary treatment tank 52.
The entire waste water treatment system 40 is enclosed within dashed lines in Fig. ID.
Introduced into the waste water treatment system 40 is agent 47 by way of agent supply line 48. The agent 47 can be introduced into more than one location within the waste water treatment system 40 including directly into the primary treatment tank 41 via first agent delivery line 57, into the final treated effluent or secondary treated effluent 55 via second agent delivery line 58 and, optionally, into a further - 25 -
location such as the secondary tank 52 via third agent delivery line 59. In this way agent 47 can perform more than one function within the waste water treatment system 40.
There now follows a specific description of some examples of implementations of preferred embodiments of the invention. EXAMPLES
Referring now to Fig. 2, 3 and 4, the compact and on site treatment plant using the invention will be described. Fig. 2 shows a circular treatment vessel while Fig. 3 shows a rectangular one. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a rectangular vessel with media suspended on strings inside the bioreactor and forming media curtains for attached biomass growth. Example 1
With reference to Fig. 2 process tank or bioreactor 101 can be of any shape and contains a mixture of biomass and waste water 107. Biomass can be in suspended form or can be fixed on a media such as a media curtain. Alternatively a combination of suspended and fixed forms can be utilised.
Waste water 102 enters tank 101 and after coming in contact with the mixture of waste water and biomass 107 and air/oxygen plus ozone 106 (or other agent or agents) loses most of its organic pollutants. It leaves the bioreactor 101 - 26 -
through line 103 and enters disinfection chamber 104. Disinfection chamber 104 can be designed to hold enough water to act as a temporary storage for effluent before it drains through line 108 for reuse (such as irrigation) or disposal. Air and/or oxygen mixed with ozone enters disinfection chamber 104 through line 105 and after coming in contact with partially treated waste water 109 through bubbling of the gas or spraying of the liquid leaves the chamber 104 for recirculation back to bioreactor 101 to (again) come in contact with the whole or part of mixture of waste water and biomass 107 by bubbling or other means.
When ozone inflow 105 comes in contact with partially treated waste water 109 in chamber 104 it kills most of the micro-organisms in the water 109. Hence treated water 108 has a minimal number of micro-organisms in it and is suitable for different reuses or disposal.
Treated water 108 may still have some concentration of ozone in it which can be controlled by selection of the initial concentration of ozone in gas 105 and ozone consumption in chamber 104. Gas mixture 106 provides oxygen to the mixture of waste water and biomass 107 for aerobic oxidation of the organic matter in the content 107 by the micro-organisms. The agent, in this case Ozone in gas 106 causes the reduction of the biomass that is excess to the - 27 -
requirement of the bioprocess and which has traditionally been removed as excess sludge. Ozone in the gas mixture 106 also comes in contact with organic elements that are not easily biodegradable by micro-organisms and break them down to readily biodegradable matter that can be oxidised by the biomass .
Some traces of ozone when leaving mixture 107 can oxidise Volatile Organic Matter that has been stripped from the mixture of waste water and biomass 107 by gas 106 and neutralise this source of odour thus diminishing or minimizing the smell that may accompany waste water treatment installations. When the tank 101 is sealed, gas 106 can be discharged through the influent line 102 and vent through sewage to neutralize any odour source in the sewage. Instead of ozone or to assist ozone, electric current can be applied to the chamber 104 for disinfection of mixture 107 and/or for excess biomass reduction. Example 2
With reference to Fig. 3 similar components are numbered as for the components of Example 1 (Fig. 2) , but moved to a 200 series. So, for example, bioreactor 101 of Example 1 becomes bioreactor 201 of Example 2. In this example the structure and behaviour of the interrelating components is the same as for example 1. This example serves to highlight - 28 -
the fact that the shape of the process tank and related enclosures may vary widely while still allowing the appropriate interrelationship between the agent which in this instance comprises air/oxygen and ozone 106, 206 (or other agent or agents), the waste water 102, 202 and the mixture of waste water and biomass 107, 207. Example 3
With reference to Fig. 4 a perspective view of a bioreactor or process tank 301 according to a third example is illustrated in perspective, partly cut away view. As for the first and second examples, like components are numbered as for the first and second examples except moved to the 300 series. So, for example, the process tank or bioreactor 101 of Example 1 becomes the process tank or bioreactor 301 of Example 3.
In this instance the "agent" comprises air/oxygen mixed with ozone 306. In this instance the biomass within the mixture of waste water and biomass 307 takes the form of a suspended biomass 309. In this instance the agent which takes the form of an air and ozone mix is injected into line 305 at pressure valve 310 and passed via bubbling or equivalent procedure, through disinfection chamber 304 from where it then passes through air/oxygen and ozone distribution line 306 to be brought into - 29 -
contact with the mixture of waste water and biomass 307, particularly suspended biomass 309.
Waste water 302 within the process tank or bioreactor 301 is recirculated via line 303 through disinfection chamber 304 which, as previously stated, also receives a direct feed of air/oxygen and ozone 305. Example 4
With reference to Fig. 5 a third example of a waste water treatment system is shown in block diagram form illustrating the use of primary and secondary treatment tanks and the use of an agent directly in the primary treatment tank, in effluent recirculated from the secondary tank to the primary tank and in the treatment of effluent prior to final exit from the secondary treatment tank. Example 5
With reference to Fig. 6 there is illustrated in block diagram form a waste water treatment system utilising primary and secondary treatment tanks and wherein agent is injected into a recirculating line between the secondary and primary tanks and is also utilised to treat for disinfection the effluent exiting from the secondary tank. Example 6
With reference to Fig. 7 there is illustrated a waste water treatment system particularly suited for retrofitting - 30 -
to an existing primary and secondary tank based treatment system wherein, again, agent is injected into a recycle line this time operating on the primary tank only and the same agent is also utilised for disinfection of effluent exiting from the secondary tank (if a secondary tank is required) .
The above describes only some embodiments of the present invention and modifications, obvious to those skilled in the art, can be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The apparatus and method of the present invention can be applied to any process plant which incorporates biological treatment by way of the interaction of biomass with waste water. In certain forms the apparatus and method lends itself to retrofitting to existing plants.
The apparatus and process can be applied to plants treating many forms of waste. For example, embodiments of the process and apparatus are suited for application to wastes associated with the textile and dying industry and to the paper industry where effluent can include dye compounds, pulp and paper waste water that contains hard to biodegrade and/or refractory compounds, landfill leaches, chemical and petrochemical waste that may contain hard to biodegrade and/or inhibitory compounds. Such applications can include - 31 -
phenolic compounds. The process and apparatus can also be applied for post aerobic treatment of anaerobically treated wastes and for waste water with a high level of organic compounds. Some agents can be applied directly to anaerobic treatment.
PCT/AU2000/001162 1999-09-24 2000-09-25 A process and apparatus for treatment of waste water, effluent and biomass WO2001023308A1 (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPQ3066A AUPQ306699A0 (en) 1999-09-24 1999-09-24 A process and apparatus for treating waste water
AUPQ3066 1999-09-24
AUPQ4005A AUPQ400599A0 (en) 1999-11-12 1999-11-12 A process and apparatus for treatment of waste water, effluent and biomass
AUPQ4005 1999-11-12
AUPQ4309 1999-11-29
AUPQ4309A AUPQ430999A0 (en) 1999-11-29 1999-11-29 A process and apparatus for treatment of waste water, effluent and biomass

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