WO2001023074A1 - Device for impinging a flowing gas with a reactant - Google Patents

Device for impinging a flowing gas with a reactant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001023074A1
WO2001023074A1 PCT/DE2000/003195 DE0003195W WO0123074A1 WO 2001023074 A1 WO2001023074 A1 WO 2001023074A1 DE 0003195 W DE0003195 W DE 0003195W WO 0123074 A1 WO0123074 A1 WO 0123074A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
flowing gas
openings
reactant
throttle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/003195
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernd Hupfeld
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to KR1020017006726A priority Critical patent/KR20010090608A/en
Priority to JP2001526278A priority patent/JP2003510175A/en
Priority to EP00963988A priority patent/EP1191995A1/en
Publication of WO2001023074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001023074A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B01D53/185—Liquid distributors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for acting on a flowing gas, in particular an exhaust gas, with a reaction agent, in particular a reducing agent, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Exhaust gas is metered in.
  • the reducing agent is in an injection valve Pre-mixing chamber injected, which opens into the exhaust pipe leading to the reduction catalytic converter.
  • the premixing chamber forms a reducing agent line opening into the exhaust pipe.
  • a device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine in which to promote the operation of a downstream reduction catalytic converter, fuel is metered in as a reducing agent via a metering valve and introduced into the exhaust valve via an evaporation device.
  • the evaporator is one with one
  • Metal sleeve provided with a glow plug with a front opening through which evaporated reducing agent is introduced into the exhaust gas stream.
  • the evaporation of the reducing agent is supported thermally, but this solution is technically complex and requires a high energy requirement for heating and evaporation of the reducing agent.
  • reaction or reducing agents By means of the device according to the invention, it is possible to apply reaction or reducing agents to a flowing gas, in particular an exhaust gas, more uniformly than conventional solutions.
  • the more uniform distribution of the reaction or reducing agent guaranteed according to the invention enables, for example in the case of catalyst systems, even when relatively small amounts of reducing agent are introduced into a catalytic exhaust gas to be treated, substantially better conversion rates than conventional systems.
  • the means for uniform distribution of the reactant are designed as an orifice or throttle introduced into the tube.
  • an orifice or throttle is available very inexpensively and can be introduced in a simple manner at a desired point on the feed or metering tube of the reactant.
  • the feed pipe has a first region which extends essentially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the flowing gas and a second region which extends essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the flowing gas, the openings , via which the reactant can be introduced into the flowing gas from the feed pipe, are formed in a section of the pipe wall of the second region, and the means for uniformly distributing the reactant are provided immediately upstream of this section.
  • a shaped feed tube proves to be easily attachable to an exhaust pipe through which an exhaust gas flows.
  • the reducing agent is added, for example, in the case of an exhaust system
  • Feed pipe transition between the first and second area of the feed pipe
  • an uneven wall film degradation of the reducing agent Conventionally, the reducing agent only emerged from part of the openings at the end of the feed pipe, as a result of which it was no longer possible to ensure a good uniform distribution in the entire operating range of the system.
  • this uneven wall film degradation is compensated by the fact that, for example when using an orifice or throttle, the reducing agent is concentrated again in the center of the spray tube, and then caused by the compressed air mentioned can be introduced evenly as an aerosol into the exhaust gas stream through the outlet holes ,
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of area X of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 the wall of an exhaust pipe section 10 is shown, in which exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are led to a reduction catalyst.
  • the direction of flow of the exhaust gases is indicated by the arrows p.
  • a feed pipe 1 opens into the exhaust pipe section 10, via which reducing agent can be introduced into the exhaust pipe section from a (not shown) reducing agent store.
  • reducing agent can be introduced into the exhaust pipe section from a (not shown) reducing agent store.
  • hydrocarbons for example diesel fuels or the like
  • urea-water solutions are suitable as reducing agents, for example via an injection nozzle, a carburetor device or others
  • Dosing devices can be introduced into the supply line.
  • the feed line 1 has a first region la within the exhaust pipe, which extends essentially perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, a second region lb which extends essentially parallel to the flow direction of the gas and the regions la, lb connecting bending area lc.
  • the area lb of the feed pipe is expediently arranged centrally with respect to the exhaust pipe and extends in a direction which corresponds at least approximately to the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe.
  • a section designated X is formed, which is shown enlarged in FIG.
  • the feed pipe 1 has a plurality of openings 2 formed around the circumference of the wall of the pipe section 1b, from which reducing agents can pass from the feed pipe 1 into the exhaust pipe.
  • a throttle 3 is arranged, which has a central throttle opening 3a. The function of this throttle 3 in operative connection with the openings 2 is explained below.
  • the feed pipe 1 is fastened, for example, to the wall 10 of the exhaust pipe by means of a screw connection 11.
  • the throttle 3 serves to concentrate the wall film in the middle of the spray tube, as a result of which the effect of broken wall films can be compensated for.
  • the reducing agent concentrated in the middle of the tube 1 by means of the throttle 3 is pressed through the central opening 3a of the throttle by means of the compressed air mentioned, which leads to a uniform application of the reducing agent to the openings 2.
  • the use of the throttle 3 greatly improves the quality of the aerosol formation compared to conventional solutions, so that the overall efficiency of the system, ie the NO x reduction compared to conventional solutions, can be improved.
  • the system can be aligned to different requirements or motors by means of parameters with regard to arrangement, size and number of openings 2 and with regard to the dimensions of central opening 3a of throttle 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for impinging a flowing gas, especially an exhaust gas, with a reactant, especially a reducing agent. The inventive device is provided with an inlet pipe that is provided with openings (2) in its wall via which a reactant introduced into the inlet pipe can be introduced into the flowing gas. The inventive device is further characterized by a throttle that is provided in the inlet pipe (1) upstream of the openings (2).

Description

Vorrichtung zur Beaufschlaguncr eines strömenden Gases mit einem ReaktionsmittelDevice for supplying a flowing gas with a reactant
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Beaufschlagung eines strömenden Gases, insbesondere eines Abgases, mit einem Reaktionsmittel, insbesondere einem Reduktionsmittel, nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a device for acting on a flowing gas, in particular an exhaust gas, with a reaction agent, in particular a reducing agent, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Zur Verminderung der Schadstoffwerte von Kraftfahrzeugen existieren umfangreiche Entwicklungen in der Katalysatortechnik, insbesondere zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden in den Abgasen. Als besonders erfolgversprechend haben sich hierbei Reduktionskatalysatoren erwiesen .Extensive developments in catalyst technology exist to reduce the pollutant values of motor vehicles, in particular to reduce nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases. Reduction catalysts have proven to be particularly promising.
Als Einrichtung zum Nachbehandeln von Abgasen ist beispielsweise aus der EP-A-0 381 236 ein System bekannt, bei dem als Reduktionsmittel Ammoniak oder Harnstoff demAs a device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases, a system is known, for example, from EP-A-0 381 236, in which ammonia or urea is used as the reducing agent
Abgas zudosiert wird. Bei diesem bekannten System wird über ein Einspritzventil das Reduktionsmittel in einer Vormischkammer eingespritzt, die in dem zu dem Reduktionskatalysator führenden Abgasrohr mündet. Bei einer derartigen Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Reduktionsmittels in einen Abgasrohrabschnitt einer Brennkraftmaschine, der zu einem Reduktionskatalysator führt, bildet die Vormischkammer eine in dem Abgasrohr mündende Reduktionsmittelleitung .Exhaust gas is metered in. In this known system, the reducing agent is in an injection valve Pre-mixing chamber injected, which opens into the exhaust pipe leading to the reduction catalytic converter. In such a device for introducing a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe section of an internal combustion engine, which leads to a reduction catalytic converter, the premixing chamber forms a reducing agent line opening into the exhaust pipe.
Obwohl ein Teil des Reduktionsmittels in der Mischkammer bzw. Mischstrecke zerstäubt wird, bildet sich ein Wandfilm aus. Bei Verwendung des dort dargestellten Zerstäuberrohres kommt es im Bereich von Umlenkungen - insbesondere bei kleinen Reduktionsmittelmengen - zu einem ungleichmäßigen Wandfilmabbau. Dieser ist dadurch bedingt, daß sich im Innen- bzw. Außenbereich der Rohrbiegung unterschiedlicheAlthough part of the reducing agent is atomized in the mixing chamber or mixing section, a wall film forms. If the atomizer tube shown there is used, there is an uneven wall film degradation in the area of deflections - especially with small amounts of reducing agent. This is due to the fact that there are differences in the inside and outside of the pipe bend
Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten der Luft, des Abgases oder eines anderen Trägerstoffes, der zum Transport des Reduktionsmittels eingesetzt wird, ausbilden. Eine gute Gleichverteilung des Reduktionsmittels im gesamten Betriebsbereich des Systems ist dadurch nicht gewährleistet. Schlechtere Umsastzraten am Katalysator sind dann die Folge .Form flow rates of the air, the exhaust gas or another carrier that is used to transport the reducing agent. This does not guarantee a good, even distribution of the reducing agent in the entire operating range of the system. This results in poorer conversion rates on the catalyst.
Aus der DE-A-1 196 25 447 ist eine Einrichtung zum Nachbehandeln von Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei der zur Förderung der Wirkungsweise eines nachgeschalteten Reduktionskatalysators Kraftstoff als Reduktionsmittel über ein Dosierventil zugemessen und über eine Verdampfungseinrichtung in das Abgasventil eingebracht wird. Die Verdampfungseinrichtung ist eine mit einemFrom DE-A-1 196 25 447 a device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine is known, in which to promote the operation of a downstream reduction catalytic converter, fuel is metered in as a reducing agent via a metering valve and introduced into the exhaust valve via an evaporation device. The evaporator is one with one
Glühstift versehene Metallhülse mit einer stirnseitigen Durchtrittsöffnung, über die verdampftes Reduktionsmittel in den Abgasstrom eingeführt wird. Bei diesem System wird zwar thermisch die Verdampfung des Reduktionsmittels unterstützt, jedoch ist diese Lösung technisch aufwendig und erfordert einen hohen Energiebedarf zur Erwärmung und Verdampfung des Reduktionsmittels.Metal sleeve provided with a glow plug with a front opening through which evaporated reducing agent is introduced into the exhaust gas stream. In this system, the evaporation of the reducing agent is supported thermally, but this solution is technically complex and requires a high energy requirement for heating and evaporation of the reducing agent.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Beaufschlagung eines strömenden Gases, insbesondere eines Abgases, mit einem Reaktionsmittel, insbesondere einem Reduktionsmittel, zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welcher eine gute Aerosolbildung in einem möglichst großen Kennfeldbereich auftritt, so daß der Gesamtwirkungsgrad des Reaktionssystems, insbesondere eines Katalysatorsystems erhöht wird, und daß beispielsweise geringere NOx- Emissionen erzielbar sind.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for supplying a flowing gas, in particular an exhaust gas, with a reactant, in particular a reducing agent, with which good aerosol formation occurs in the largest possible map area, so that the overall efficiency of the reaction system , in particular a catalyst system, and that, for example, lower NO x emissions can be achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patenanspruchs 1.This object is achieved by a device with the features of patent claim 1.
Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Lösungen gleichmäßigere Beaufschlagung eines strömenden Gases, insbesondere eines Abgases, mit Reaktions- bzw. Reduktionsmitteln möglich. Die erfindungsgemäß gewährleistete gleichmäßigere Reaktions- bzw. Reduktionsmittelverteilung ermöglicht beispielsweise bei Katalysatorsystemen bereits bei Einbringung relativ kleiner Reduktionsmittelmengen in ein katalytisch nachzubehandelndes Abgas gegenüber herkömmlichen Systemen wesentlich bessere Umsatzraten.By means of the device according to the invention, it is possible to apply reaction or reducing agents to a flowing gas, in particular an exhaust gas, more uniformly than conventional solutions. The more uniform distribution of the reaction or reducing agent guaranteed according to the invention enables, for example in the case of catalyst systems, even when relatively small amounts of reducing agent are introduced into a catalytic exhaust gas to be treated, substantially better conversion rates than conventional systems.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind die Mittel zur gleichmäßigen Verteilung des Reaktionsmittels als in das Rohr eingebrachte Blende bzw. Drossel ausgebildet. Eine derartige Blende bzw. Drossel ist sehr preiswert verfügbar und in einfacher Weise an einer gewünschten Stelle des Zufuhr- bzw. Dosierrohres des Reaktionsmittels einbringbar.Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the means for uniform distribution of the reactant are designed as an orifice or throttle introduced into the tube. Such an orifice or throttle is available very inexpensively and can be introduced in a simple manner at a desired point on the feed or metering tube of the reactant.
Gemäß einer zweckmäßigen Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weist das Zufuhrrohr einen ersten Bereich, welcher sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Strδmungsrichtung des strömenden Gases erstreckt, und einen zweiten Bereich, welcher sich im wesentlichen parallel zu der Strömungsrichtung des strömenden Gases erstreckt, auf, wobei die Öffnungen, über welche das Reaktionsmittel aus dem Zufuhrrohr in das strömende Gas einbringbar ist, in einem Abschnitt der Rohrwandung des zweiten Bereiches ausgebildet sind, und die Mittel zur gleichmäßigen Verteilung des Reaktionsmittels unmittelbar stromaufwärtig von diesem Abschnitt vorgesehen sind. Ein derartig geformtes Zufuhrrohr erweist sich als in einfacher Weise in eine Abgasleitung, durch welche ein Abgas strömt, anbringbar. Die Zugabe des Reduktionsmittels beispielsweise bei einem Abgassystem erfolgt beispielsweise beiAccording to an expedient development of the device according to the invention, the feed pipe has a first region which extends essentially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the flowing gas and a second region which extends essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the flowing gas, the openings , via which the reactant can be introduced into the flowing gas from the feed pipe, are formed in a section of the pipe wall of the second region, and the means for uniformly distributing the reactant are provided immediately upstream of this section. Such a shaped feed tube proves to be easily attachable to an exhaust pipe through which an exhaust gas flows. The reducing agent is added, for example, in the case of an exhaust system
Nutzfahrzeugen mit Druckluftunterstützung, d.h. das zuzuführende Reduktionsmittel wird über Druckluft durch das Zufuhrrohr transportiert. Insbesondere bei kleinen Reduktionsmittelmengen kommt es durch unterschiedliche Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten an der Umlenkstelle desCommercial vehicles with compressed air support, i.e. the reducing agent to be fed is transported through compressed air through the feed pipe. In particular with small amounts of reducing agent, there are different flow velocities at the deflection point of the
Zufuhrrohres (Übergang zwischen erstem und zweitem Bereich des Zufuhrrohres) zu einem ungleichmäßigen Wandfilmabbau des Reduktionsmittels. Herkömmlicherweise kam es dazu, daß das Reduktionsmittel nur aus einem Teil der Öffnungen am Ende des Zufuhrrohres austrat, wodurch eine gute Gleichverteilung im gesamten Betriebsbereich des Systems nicht mehr gewährleistet war. Erfindungsgemäß wird nun dieser ungleichmäßige Wandfilmabbau dadurch kompensiert, daß, beispielsweise bei Verwendung einer Blende bzw. Drossel, das Reduktionsmittel wieder in der Mitte des Sprührohres konzentriert wird, und dann verursacht durch die erwähnte Druckluft durch die Austrittsbohrungen gleichmäßig als Aerosol in den Abgasstrom eingebracht werden kann.Feed pipe (transition between the first and second area of the feed pipe) to an uneven wall film degradation of the reducing agent. Conventionally, the reducing agent only emerged from part of the openings at the end of the feed pipe, as a result of which it was no longer possible to ensure a good uniform distribution in the entire operating range of the system. According to the invention, this uneven wall film degradation is compensated by the fact that, for example when using an orifice or throttle, the reducing agent is concentrated again in the center of the spray tube, and then caused by the compressed air mentioned can be introduced evenly as an aerosol into the exhaust gas stream through the outlet holes ,
Zweckmäßigerweise sind mehrere, gleichmäßig um den Rohrumfang vorgesehene Öffnungen vorgesehen. DurchAdvantageously, several openings are provided which are provided uniformly around the circumference of the tube. By
Zusammenwirken der Mittel zur gleichmäßigen Verteilung des Reaktionsmittels mit derart gleichmäßig angeordneten Öffnungen ist eine besonders gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung eines strömenden Gases mit Reaktionsmitteln erzielbar.Interaction of the means for uniformly distributing the reactant with such evenly arranged openings makes it possible to achieve a particularly uniform action on a flowing gas with reactants.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung weiter erläutert. In dieser zeigtThe invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this shows
Figur 1 eine schematische seitliche Schnittansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßenFigure 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
Vorrichtung, undDevice, and
Figur 2 eine vergrößerte Ansicht des Bereiches X der Figur 1.Figure 2 is an enlarged view of area X of Figure 1.
In Figur 1 ist die Wandung eines Abgasrohrabschnitts 10 dargestellt, in welchem Abgase von einer Brennkraftmaschine zu einem Reduktionskatalysator geführt sind. Die Strömungsrichtung der Abgase ist mittels der Pfeile p angedeutet. In den Abgasrohrabschnitt 10 mündet ein Zufuhrrohr 1, über welches Reduktionsmittel aus einem (nicht dargestellten) Reduktionsmittelspeicher in den Abgasrohrabschnitt einbringbar ist. Als Reduktionsmittel kommen neben Kohlenwasserstoffen, beispielsweise Dieselbrennstoffen o.a., insbesondere Harnstoff-Wasser- Lösungen in Betracht, die beispielsweise über eine Einspritzdüse, eine Vergasereinrichtung oder andereIn Figure 1, the wall of an exhaust pipe section 10 is shown, in which exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are led to a reduction catalyst. The direction of flow of the exhaust gases is indicated by the arrows p. A feed pipe 1 opens into the exhaust pipe section 10, via which reducing agent can be introduced into the exhaust pipe section from a (not shown) reducing agent store. In addition to hydrocarbons, for example diesel fuels or the like, in particular urea-water solutions are suitable as reducing agents, for example via an injection nozzle, a carburetor device or others
Dosiereinrichtungen in die Zufuhrleitung eingebracht werden können .Dosing devices can be introduced into the supply line.
In an sich üblicher Weise weist die Zufuhrleitung 1 innerhalb des Abgasrohres einen ersten Bereich la, welcher sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Strömungsrichtung des Abgases erstreckt, einen zweiten Bereich lb, welcher sich im wesentlichen parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Gases erstreckt und einen die Bereiche la, lb verbindenden Biegungsbereich lc auf. Der Bereich lb des Zufuhrrohres ist zweckmäßigerweise mittig bezüglich des Abgasrohres angeordnet und erstreckt sich in eine Richtung, die zumindest annähernd der Abgasströmung in dem Abgasrohr entspricht .In a conventional manner, the feed line 1 has a first region la within the exhaust pipe, which extends essentially perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas, a second region lb which extends essentially parallel to the flow direction of the gas and the regions la, lb connecting bending area lc. The area lb of the feed pipe is expediently arranged centrally with respect to the exhaust pipe and extends in a direction which corresponds at least approximately to the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe.
Am stromabwärtigen Ende des Zufuhrrohres 1 ist ein mit X bezeichneter Abschnitt ausgebildet, welcher in Figur 2 vergrößert dargestellt ist. In diesem Bereich X weist das Zufuhrrohr 1 mehrere um den Umfang der Wandung des Rohrabschnitts lb ausgebildete Öffnungen 2 auf, aus welchen Reduktionsmittel aus dem Zufuhrrohr 1 in das Abgasrohr übertreten kann. Vor diesen Öffnungen 2, in stromab ärtiger Richtung, ist eine Drossel 3 angeordnet, welche eine mittige Drosselöffnung 3a aufweist. Die Funktion dieser Drossel 3 in Wirkverbindung mit den Öffnungen 2 wird weiter unten erläutert .At the downstream end of the feed pipe 1, a section designated X is formed, which is shown enlarged in FIG. In this area X, the feed pipe 1 has a plurality of openings 2 formed around the circumference of the wall of the pipe section 1b, from which reducing agents can pass from the feed pipe 1 into the exhaust pipe. In front of these openings 2, downstream Direction, a throttle 3 is arranged, which has a central throttle opening 3a. The function of this throttle 3 in operative connection with the openings 2 is explained below.
Das Zufuhrrohr 1 ist beispielsweise mittels einer Verschraubung 11 an der Wandung 10 des Abgasrohres befestigt .The feed pipe 1 is fastened, for example, to the wall 10 of the exhaust pipe by means of a screw connection 11.
Bei Verwendung des dargestellten Zerstäuberrohres kommt es im Bereich der Umlenkung - insbesondere bei kleinen Reduktionsmittelmengen - zu einem ungleichmäßigen Wandfilmabbau. Dieser ist dadurch bedingt, daß sich im Innen- bzw. Außenbereich der Rohrbiegung unterschiedliche Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten der Luft, des Abgases oder eines anderen Trägerstoffes, der zum Transport des Reduktionsmittels eingesetzt wird, ausbilden. Eine gute Gleichverteilung des Reduktionsmittels im gesamten Betriebsbereich des Systems ist dadurch nicht gewährleistet. Schlechtere Umsastzraten am Katalysator sind dann die Folge .When using the atomizer tube shown, there is an uneven wall film degradation in the area of the deflection - in particular with small amounts of reducing agent. This is due to the fact that different flow velocities of the air, the exhaust gas or another carrier which is used to transport the reducing agent are formed in the inner or outer region of the pipe bend. This does not guarantee a good, even distribution of the reducing agent in the entire operating range of the system. This results in poorer conversion rates on the catalyst.
Die Drossel 3 dient zur Konzentration des Wandfilms in der Mitte des Sprührohres, wodurch der Effekt abgebrochener Wandfilme kompensiert werden kann. Das mittels der Drossel 3 in der Mitte des Rohres 1 konzentrierte Reduktionsmittel wird durch die zentrale Öffnung 3a der Drossel mittels der erwähnten Druckluft durchgepreßt, was zu einer gleichförmigen Beaufschlagung der Öffnungen 2 mit Reduktionsmittel führt. Zusammenfassen läßt sich feststellen, daß durch Verwendung der Drossel 3 die Qualität der Aerosolbildung gegenüber herkömmlichen Lösungen stark verbessert wird, so daß der Gesamtwirkungsgrad des Systems, d.h. die NOx-Reduktion gegenüber herkömmlichen Lösungen verbessert werden kann. Das System kann mittels Parametern bezüglich Anordnung, Größe und Anzahl der Öffnungen 2 und bezüglich der Ausmaße der mittigen Öffnung 3a der Drossel 3 auf unterschiedliche Anforderungen bzw. Motoren ausgerichtet werden. The throttle 3 serves to concentrate the wall film in the middle of the spray tube, as a result of which the effect of broken wall films can be compensated for. The reducing agent concentrated in the middle of the tube 1 by means of the throttle 3 is pressed through the central opening 3a of the throttle by means of the compressed air mentioned, which leads to a uniform application of the reducing agent to the openings 2. To summarize, it can be stated that the use of the throttle 3 greatly improves the quality of the aerosol formation compared to conventional solutions, so that the overall efficiency of the system, ie the NO x reduction compared to conventional solutions, can be improved. The system can be aligned to different requirements or motors by means of parameters with regard to arrangement, size and number of openings 2 and with regard to the dimensions of central opening 3a of throttle 3.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Vorrichtung zur Beaufschlagung eines strömenden Gases, insbesondere eines Abgases, mit einem Reaktionsmittel, insbesondere einem Reduktionsmittel, wobei die Vorrichtung ein in seiner Wandung mit Öffnungen (2) ausgebildetes Zufuhrrohr aufweist, über welche in das Zufuhrrohr eingebrachtes Reaktionsmittel in das strömende Gas einbringbar ist, gekennzeichnet durch eine stromauf ärtig der Öffnungen (2) in dem Zufuhrrohr (1) angeordnete Drossel .1. A device for acting on a flowing gas, in particular an exhaust gas, with a reactant, in particular a reducing agent, the device having a feed pipe formed in its wall with openings (2), via which the reactant introduced into the feed pipe can be introduced into the flowing gas , characterized by a throttle arranged upstream of the openings (2) in the feed pipe (1).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (1) einen ersten Bereich (la) , welcher sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Strömungsrichtung des strömenden Gases, und einen zweiten Bereich (lb) , welcher sich im wesentlichen parallel zu der Strömungsrichtung des strömenden Gases erstreckt, aufweist, wobei die Öffnungen (2) in einem Abschnitt X des zweiten Bereiches (lb) ausgebildet sind.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube (1) has a first region (la), which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the flowing gas, and a second region (lb), which is substantially parallel to the Extends the direction of flow of the flowing gas, wherein the openings (2) are formed in a section X of the second region (lb).
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere um den Umfang des Zufuhrrohres (1) gleichmäßig verteilte Öffnungen (2) ausgebildet sind. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of openings (2) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the feed tube (1).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drossel (3) eine bezüglich des Rohres (1) mittige Drosselöffnung (3a) auweist. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throttle (3) with respect to the tube (1) has a central throttle opening (3a).
PCT/DE2000/003195 1999-09-30 2000-09-14 Device for impinging a flowing gas with a reactant WO2001023074A1 (en)

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KR1020017006726A KR20010090608A (en) 1999-09-30 2000-09-14 Device for impinging a flowing gas with a reactant
JP2001526278A JP2003510175A (en) 1999-09-30 2000-09-14 Apparatus for supplying reactants to flowing gas
EP00963988A EP1191995A1 (en) 1999-09-30 2000-09-14 Device for impinging a flowing gas with a reactant

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DE19946901A DE19946901A1 (en) 1999-09-30 1999-09-30 Device for supplying a flowing gas with a reactant
DE19946901.6 1999-09-30

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DE19946901A1 (en) 2001-04-05
EP1191995A1 (en) 2002-04-03
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KR20010090608A (en) 2001-10-18

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