WO2001019427A2 - Distributed architecture for apparatus used in a high magnetic field and/or rf environment - Google Patents
Distributed architecture for apparatus used in a high magnetic field and/or rf environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001019427A2 WO2001019427A2 PCT/US2000/025012 US0025012W WO0119427A2 WO 2001019427 A2 WO2001019427 A2 WO 2001019427A2 US 0025012 W US0025012 W US 0025012W WO 0119427 A2 WO0119427 A2 WO 0119427A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- recited
- distributed architecture
- mri
- local
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
Definitions
- the invention relates to apparatus for use in a high magnetic field and/or intense radio frequency (RF) environment, e.g., apparatus for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines.
- RF radio frequency
- the invention is a distributed architecture that enables ventilators and other apparatus to be MRI-compatible, i.e., to be usable with an MRI machine.
- Ventilators are used to provide respiratory function in cases where natural respiration has failed and/or for the delivery in inhalational anesthetics.
- Basic ventilators are designed to control the tidal volume and the respiration rate. These ventilators have little or no sensor capability and they work in an open loop control mode. The control technology tends to be pneumatic rather than electronic. Today, the use of advanced technology ventilators is more common in medical practice.
- Advanced ventilators provide the ability to respond to instantaneous and long-term physiological conditions by the use of monitors and closed loop control; major portions of the advanced ventilator involve active electronic components and circuits.
- a functional block diagram of a representative "integrated" advanced ventilator is shown in Fig. 1.
- MRI is a diagnostic tool that affords noninvasive imaging capability to the physician.
- MRI utilizes large static and dynamic magnetic fields and large dynamic RF fields to create images.
- the magnetic fields can cause magnetic materials to become lethal projectiles. Magnetic materials in the vicinity of the MRI will adversely affect the quality of the resultant images, and the existence of magnetic and RF fields may cause non-MRI hardened electronic equipment to malfunction.
- New minimally-invasive surgical techniques involve the integration of the MRI machine and the surgical suite. Life support during MRI procedures and delivery of general anesthetic during MRI-assisted surgery mandates that a ventilator be used in close proximity to the MRI machine. It is, therefore, necessary to use a basic ventilator because advanced ventilators are not MRI-compatible. What is needed is a new architecture that will allow apparatus to function in a high magnetic field and/or RF environment and lead to a redesigned advanced ventilator that can function with an MRI machine.
- the invention solves the above-recited problem by implementing a "distributed" architecture to the maximum extent possible.
- the distributed architecture of the invention creates a mechanical and electrical separation between the functional elements of the ventilator with only a minimum ensemble of electronics remaining near the MRI coil.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an advanced ventilator that is currently used in a general clinical environment.
- Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of an advanced ventilator that implements the distributed architecture of the invention.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION As shown in Fig. 2, the invention implements a "distributed" architecture to the maximum extent possible resulting in a redesigned advanced ventilator 10.
- the distributed architecture creates a mechanical and electrical separation between the functional elements of the ventilator with only a minimum ensemble of electronics remaining near the MRI coil.
- "Local" components 12 of the ventilator are those that must be close to the MRI machine and are positioned accordingly. These items will typically include the ventilator control panel 14, the status display 16, and the breathing bellows 18.
- Remote components 20 are those that are sensitive to magnetic and/or RF fields or may adversely impact the MRI image and, hence, are placed away from the immediate influence of the MRI. These devices will typically include the control processor 22, monitoring sensors 24, and proportional gas control solenoids 26.
- An interface is provided between the local and remote components in order to preserve ventilator functionality and comprises both non-electronic and electronic links 27,28, respectively.
- the non-electronic link to the bellows 27 is typically pneumatic, e.g., tubing.
- the electronic link 28 between the control/display and the processor can be fiber/optic (F/O), but may also be in any other form (i.e., infrared) that has no interaction with MRI's magnetic and/or RF fields.
- a "distribution interface" device 30a, 30b may be incorporated to provide translation and formatting functions. Prudent selection of the display, controls, and distribution interface components is necessary in order to assure system function.
- Pressure and flow at the patient can be measured at the remote location.
- flow is the same anywhere in the circuit and can thus be measured anywhere (in this case at the remote location away from the MRI).
- the distributed architecture of the invention preserves full ventilator functionality with minimal system redesign and in a manner that is fully transparent to the user.
- the concept of distributing system components as described above for the ventilator can also be applied to other sensors, devices and/or systems, such as patient monitors, that may be required in the MRI environment.
- the invention can also be implemented in high magnetic field and/or RF environments other than those created by MRI machines.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00961844A EP1231953A4 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2000-09-13 | Distributed architecture for apparatus used in a high magnetic field and/or rf environment |
AU73739/00A AU7373900A (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2000-09-13 | Distributed architecture for apparatus used in a high magnetic field and/or rf environment |
JP2001523055A JP2003509130A (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2000-09-13 | Distributed architecture for devices used in high magnetic field and / or RF environments |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15406499P | 1999-09-16 | 1999-09-16 | |
US60/154,064 | 1999-09-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001019427A2 true WO2001019427A2 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
WO2001019427A3 WO2001019427A3 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
Family
ID=22549854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/025012 WO2001019427A2 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2000-09-13 | Distributed architecture for apparatus used in a high magnetic field and/or rf environment |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1231953A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003509130A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7373900A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001019427A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2244273A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2005-12-01 | Universidad Complutense De Madrid | Multi modal compatible versatile respirator for use on subjects e.g. small experimentation animals, has control module to operate electromagnetic valves in pneumatic module as well as regulate lung pressure and flow of gases into lungs |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5178151A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1993-01-12 | Sackner Marvin A | System for non-invasive detection of changes of cardiac volumes and aortic pulses |
US5733247A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1998-03-31 | Hewlett-Packard Company | MR compatible patient monitor |
US5975078A (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-11-02 | Pauley; Randall O. | Respiratory monitoring apparatus |
US6085743A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 2000-07-11 | The Regent Of The University Of Michigan | Polarized gas delivery system/method |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR9814968A (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2000-10-03 | Norbert Weiler | Apparatus for fluid administration, and, process for producing magnetic resonance image. |
-
2000
- 2000-09-13 JP JP2001523055A patent/JP2003509130A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-13 EP EP00961844A patent/EP1231953A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-13 WO PCT/US2000/025012 patent/WO2001019427A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-13 AU AU73739/00A patent/AU7373900A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5178151A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1993-01-12 | Sackner Marvin A | System for non-invasive detection of changes of cardiac volumes and aortic pulses |
US5733247A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1998-03-31 | Hewlett-Packard Company | MR compatible patient monitor |
US6085743A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 2000-07-11 | The Regent Of The University Of Michigan | Polarized gas delivery system/method |
US5975078A (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-11-02 | Pauley; Randall O. | Respiratory monitoring apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1231953A2 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2244273A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2005-12-01 | Universidad Complutense De Madrid | Multi modal compatible versatile respirator for use on subjects e.g. small experimentation animals, has control module to operate electromagnetic valves in pneumatic module as well as regulate lung pressure and flow of gases into lungs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1231953A4 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
WO2001019427A3 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
AU7373900A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
EP1231953A2 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
JP2003509130A (en) | 2003-03-11 |
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