WO2001016992A1

WO2001016992A1 - Rotary anode for an x-ray tube

Info

Publication number: WO2001016992A1
Application number: PCT/RU1999/000316
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mikhail Lvovich Taubin; Jury Vyacheslavovich Nikolaev; Valery Ivanovich Vybyvanets; Evgeny Egorovich Konoplev
Original assignee: Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Nauchno-Proizvodstvennogo Obiedineniya 'luch' (Gosnii Npo 'luch')
Priority date: 1999-09-02
Filing date: 1999-09-02
Publication date: 2001-03-08

Abstract

The invention relates to X-ray technology and more particularly to rotary anodes for X-ray tubes which are used, for example, in medical diagnostics. To increase the service life and the charging capacity of rotary anodes for an X-ray emitting tube, whereby said tube is constituted of a target and one or more layers of substrate, the target and/or the one or more substrate layers are monocrystalline, whereby the substrate layer adjacent to the target is made from a material which has a yield point which is lower than the yield point of the target. The target thickness is determined on the basis of a ratio calculated by the inventors.

Description

\ УΟ 01/16992 ΡСΤЛШ99 / 00316

LASTING ΑД ΡΕΗΤГΕΗΟΒСΚΟЫЙ УБΚИ.

ν-L. З--, ± £ ι Τ -ΑЫПΛИ,

The deteriorating invention is not available for the radiograph, and more than the compact anesthetics of the radiograph, for example, are diagnosed with a medical condition.

The prior art.

Οsnοvnοi προblemοi πρi eκsπluaτatsii anοdοz ρenτge- nοvsκiχ τρubοκ yavlyaeτsya οbρazοvanie τρeschin on φοκuσnοy dο- ροzhκe due suschesτvennοy neρavnοmeρnοsτi its nagρeva, Eτο πρivοdiτ κ decrease mοschnοsτi radiation ρenτgenοvsκοgο and κaκ sledsτvie, reduction ρesuρsa anοda.

Izvesτen vρaπρyuschiyσya anοd ρenτgenοvsκοy τρubκi in κο- τοροm for πρedοτΕrascheniya target ρasτρesκivaniya at its πο- veρ ^χ nοsτi οbρazuyuτ bοlshοe chislο slits ρaσποlοzhennyχ σim- meτρichnο οτnοsiτelnο οsi σimmeτρii anοda. (Application ΕПΒ Ν 0323365 (з.Ν 88403377 οτ 30.12.88, ΜΚИ Η0П 35/10).

However, the well-known structure doesn’t make it possible to get rid of stresses that are unheard of in the target. Otherwise, there is a risk of injury to the user at the expense of the potential for the use of an X-ray protective device.

Izvesτen anοd ρenτgenοvsκοy τρubκi, vyποlnenny of mοnοκρisτallichesκοgο maτeρiala in κοτοροm ρesuρs anοda πο- vyshaeτsya on account bοlshey πlasτι-gchnοsτi mοnοκρπsτallicheσκοgο maτeρiala, πο sρavneniyu ποliκρisτallicheσκim σ (Ν Paτenτ SSHΑ 3,160,779, ΗΚI 313-330, οπ. 8.12.1964).

However, the manufacture of a suitable anode from one of the most commercially available hardware was not imposed. Ηaπ- ρimeρ, πρi neοbχοdimοsτi ποluchiτ ρenτgenοΕσκοe radiation from vοlφρama, πsποlzuemοe in bοlshinsτve dπagnοsτichesκiχ ρenτgenοvsκiχ τρubοκ, izgοτοvlenie anοda ποlnοsτyu of eτο- gο maτeρiala πρivοdiτ κ bοlyιyuy weight and nizκοi udelnοπ τeπlοemκοsτi anοda.

SIGNATURE FOX (PIL 26) \ νθ 01/16992 _ -, _ ΡСΤ / ΙШ99 / 00316

Izvesτen vρaschayuschiyοya anοd ρenτgenοvsκοy τρubκi, sο- deρzhaschy lisτοvοe and πρesσοΕaκκο-sπechennοe anοdnοe τelο targeting anοdz sluzhiτ slοy, izgοτοvlenny of vοlφρamοvοgο sπlava ρeκοmenduemach τοlschina - 0.1-0.7 mm), 5 ποdlοzhκa sο- deρzhiτ two slοya, πeρvy slοy sοdeρzhiτ chκστyκ vοlφρam or sπlav with a high wolffrum, the second tier is from a small-scale σ-plaza. ι, Pa. England Ν 1422461, Η κl. Η10, οπ. 01/28/1976).

Ηedοsτaτκοy τaκοκ κοnsτρuκtsii yavlyaeτsya ρazρushenie Me- 10 τallιgcheοκiχ maτeρialοv misheκi and ποdlοzhκi (ποyavleκie τρe- Shin) in zοne φοκusnοy dοροzhκi πρi bοlyπiχ mοschκοστyaχ eκσπlu- aτatsii, προiσχοdyaschee due ρeκρiστallizatsii maτeρialοv and τaκzhe for σcheτ precipitates πρimeοey on gρanitsaχ zeρen and mutually mοdiφφuzii materials of layers with high temperature. 15 Otherwise, an inconsequential sane anode body is not available;

By doing this, the reliability of the anode is reduced.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

Β Ο ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ο ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ задача задача задача ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ ΗΟΕ СУСУУ The present invention has posed the task of creating a large rotatable anode, in fact, due to

25, the material of the target and the service, as well as the optimization of the thickness of the mouse, in the case of fuselage, the degradation of the target will be worse

Pοsτavlennaya task ρeshaeτsya τem, chτο vο vρaschayuschemsya 0 anοde, sοsτοyaschem of misheκi π οdnοgο or nesκοlκiχ slοev ποdlοzhκi, πρedlagaeτsya vyποlnκτ, sοglasκο izοbρeτeniyu, target and ilκ slοπ ι, slοi 'ποdlοzhκκ mοnοκρκστallichesκimi, πρichem slοi ποdlοzhκi, πριτegayushκi κ yιshzenκ, κzgοτοvπτ of maτeρiala , the yield is often less than that of 5 garbage, but the target is easier to keep, but it does not increase much

SIGNIFICANT FOX (DR. 26) \ ΥΟ 01 16992 - - ΡСΤ / ΙШ99 / 00316

where n - maκσimalnaya πlοτnοστ τeπlοvοgο ποτοκa, vοz- deysτvuyuschegο on anοd πρi egο eκsπluaτatsii 1: - vρemya προ- χοzhdeniya πyaτnοm τeπlοvοgο ποτοκa τοchκi φοκusnοy dοροzhκi, lambda, and - κοeφφitsienτy τeπlοπροvοdnοστi and τemπeρaτuροπροvοd- nοστi maτeρiala mι-shιeni, sοοτveτστvennο, E, ν, l - the module of the danger, the coefficient of the Poisson and the coefficient of the expansion of the target material, which is compatible with it, is 2 The minimum may be performed from wolfram or its alloy, for example, with the π ρ ш ш ш ег миш миш сл миш д д д д д д д с с с с с с с с ш ш ш. Μishen mοzheτ byτ zyποlnena of mοlibdena or egο σπlava, naπρimeρ σ Κe, πρilegayuschy σlοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen of mοlibdena, vτοροy slοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen of maτeρiala with bοlshey than πerΕθgο slοya, udel- nοy τeπlοemκοsτyu, naπρimeρ, gρaφiτa, τiτana, ΒеΟ, ΑΙΝ. Μishen mοzheτ byτ vyποlnena of vοlφρama or egο sπlava, naπρimeρ with Κe, πρι-ιlegayuιsch'ϊy κ target slοy ποdlοzhκi zyποl- nen of vοlφρama, vτοροy slοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen κz maτeρi- ala σ bοlshey than πeρzοgο slοya, udelnοy τeπlοemκοsτyu, naπρimeρ , graphite, titanium, GeΒ, ΑϊΝ. The irradiated by the target’s angles of the target can be performed by a σ-critical characteristic that has the best plausible response. Β The strongest target in the area of casual traffic can be a small business, the width is no less than the wide breadth and a depth of 5 - 50 microns.

Pρi eκsπluaτatsii vρaschayuschegοsya anοda ρenτgenοvsκοy τρubκi κοntsenτρκροvanny τeπlοvοi ποτοκ κρaτκοΕremennο with chasτymi ποvτορeniyamκ deysτvueτ on maτeρial target πο φο- κuσnοy dοροzhκe, chτο πρκvοdiτ κ suscheστvennοmu πeρegρevu πο- veρχnοsτi φοκuσnοi dοροzhκi ποd πyaτnοm and byοτροmu πadeniyu τemπeρaτuρy πο glubiκe mκshenκ. This is an international version of the plastic deformation of a bay, which can be even faster.

SIGNIFICANT FOX SHΤIL 26) \ ΥΟ 01/16992 ^ ΡСΤ / ΙШ99 / 00316

Causing a hazardous environment for easy operation, which could result in a drop in the intensity of the X-ray radiation, which can cause stress. 5 Εyποlnenie οdnοgο κlκ κ ÷ sκοlκκχ slοev anοda (target iϊ'ϊli ποdlοzhκκ) mοnοκρisτallϊ'Gchesκimi, κaκ ποκazali ρascheτ- nο-zκsπeρimenτalnye πssledοvaκπ, ποzvοlyaeτ suschesτvennο zamedliτ προtsess τρ ÷ schinοsbρazοBaniya on ποveρχnοsτκ mι-shenκ for σcheτ bοlshey πlasτκchnοsτi yοnοκρisτallοv, οτκοsiτelnο 10 ποlπκρπsτallοΕ , allows for an increase in the acceptable operation of the anode due to the increase in the temperature of the circuit, while the Κρο- IU τοgο, mοnοκρisτallκchesκy maτeρκal οbladaeτ bσlyieκ 15 τeπlοπροvοdnοsτyu than ποliκρisτallιgcheοκii and uzelichenie τeπlοπροvοdnοsτi maτeρiala target and / or non πρilegayuschegο κ mu slοya οbesπechivaeτ best οχlazhdenie φοκusnοy dοροzhκi anοda. Β The connection with this process and the loadability of the load are declared anode, but compared with 20, there is an increase of 20.

Βyποlκeκi ÷ slοya ποdlοzhκi, πρκlegayuschegο κ mκsheni from maτeρiala, πρedel τeκuchesτi κοτοροgο m πρ ÷ ÷ nshe case τeκuchesτi maτeρκala mκshenκ, ποzvοlyaeτ uyenshiτ πlasτicheσκie deφορmatsiπ target vοzniκayuschie πρκ κeρavnοmeρnοm nagρeve 25 φοκusnοκ dοροzhκκ. Decreases the plastic target performance of the game for the benefit of physical activity due to the fact that it is a little worse.

Τοlschiκu slοya mish ÷ nκ mοzhnο delaτ ρavnοmeρnοκ πο Ε-π Ωπ this ποveρχκοsτκ ποdlοzhκκ, οdnaκο πρκ eκσπluaτatsii aκοda neοb- οdimο ^χ ι-ιmeτ mκshen τοlκο in zοκ ÷ φοκusnοi dοροzhκκ (shiρi- nοκ not irp Εyshayusch ÷ ÷ rd τροynuyu shiρπnu φοκusnοy dοροzhκi) .

The target layer is better, but it is more active than η, because it showed an increase in the intensity of the investigation, which leads to an increase in As for this, and for this, it’s not necessary to do so. Κ ο ув ÷,,,,,, increasing the thickness of the layer миш ч ж ΠΕ ч ΠΕ ΠΕ ΠΕ ΒΟ κ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ κ κ κ κ за

SIGNIFICANT FOX (DR. 26) \ ΥΟ 01/16992 ^_ Ο - ΡСΤ / Κυ99 / 00316

the disadvantage of a quick and easy to use martial arts tool. As shown by the study, because it’s easy to learn, it’s very easy to get it right. д ο л ϊ'ϊ zφφ ÷ ÷ KT s naπbοlyιz pi sτ ÷ π ÷ κπ πρslvlya ÷ τsya for ΜΟΗΟΚΣ: τallκch ÷ sκκχ yaτeρκalοv Β Βρρe ÷ ÷ mmyaya ππρροοχχοοzhzhdde nnκiyaya πyaτnοy τeπlοvοgο ποτοκa τschκκ φο- κusnοκ dοροzhκκ, mοzhnο οπρed ÷ liτ πο φορmule.

l 'Κ- Κ where ι is the width of the flat panel. Ε - speed range of the drive, Ν - speed of rotation of the anode.

Flooding of a target from a volfrum alloy with Ρ ÷ 3-15 /. w) uvelichivaeτ πρedel τeκuchesτi mκshenκ, πο sρavnenκyu with πρedelοm τeκuchesτκ πρilegayuschegο slοya ποdlοzhκκ, vyποlnennο- gο of vοlφρama - 2 ρaza, οdnaκο nesκοlκο (- 10 .. κa) umenyπaeτ κοeφφitsienτ τeπlοπροzοdnοsτi target (e ÷ πρi ΕY- ποlnenii ποliκρiοτallicheοκοy). Βyποlnenie zτοgο slοya dοs- τaτοchnο τοnκim (analysis ρaσcheτοv anοdοv, πρimenyaemyχ in ρenτgenοvsκκχ τρubκaχ for οbsch ÷ κ dκagκοsτiκi, and φlyuοροgρaφii τοmοgρzφii πο πρivedennοy φορmule (1) ποκaztaeτ, chτο τοlschiκa target not πρevοsχοdiτ 0.3 mm), and in τaκzhe πρκmeκenie κachesτv ÷ ÷ SLΟ ΠΟ LONG TERM AND / AND ONLY THE TARGET IS MULTIPLE INSTALLED TO PREVENT OVERCURRENT OPERATION.

Τeπlοemκοsτ τugοπlavκιιχ meτallοv neveliκa, ποeτοmu πρi dlκτ ÷ ÷ lnοm τeπlοvοm κagρuzh nκκ (bοlyπiχ eκsποzitsiyaχ) meτallϊ'Gcheσκiχ anοdοv ρenτg ÷ κοvsκiχ τρubοκ bysτρο increases vaeτsya iχ sρednemagοοvaya τeyπeρaτuρa, chτο mοzh ÷ τ κ πρivesτi πeρegρeεu zοκy φοκusκοy dοροzhκi πρi nedοsτaτοchnοκ τοlschine anοda. An increase in the thickness of the anodes leads to an increase in their weight and, correspondingly, to an increase in the load, as a result of the increase in the unit, the increase in the weight is small. Therefore, in the X-ray and analogue devices, the user should be advised to take a little better than small

If the operating mode is set to be inactive, it will be possible to get a smaller version, which will result in a smaller output.

SIGNIFICANT FOX SHΤIL 26) \ УΟ 01/16992 - 6 - ΡСΤΛШШ99 / 00316

due to the change in the material of the target. However, it is not advisable to perform plastic deletions in the event of a failure that would prevent the user from targeting the target. In the opinion of the authors, the thickness of the target b in the area of the optical targeting of the anode should not be changed:

B> Γ 1 - Γ ^^ -τ-) Ι ϊΖ'a) (3)

* ^• 3 - where kozpφφϊϊϊϊϊϊϊϊ к к к = = 5 - 15, depending on the used materials.

In order to operate the target, you can take out the ground of a multiplex, which has the best plastic properties, for wolf, for example, there is 100 grit.

As a result of extensive experimental studies, the operation of the anode in the middle of the operation is not readily available; This is due to the fact that this area is substantially discontinued when the game is focussed and deactivated, but in fact, it does not work at all. Eτοτ eφφeκτ naibοlee zameτen in mοnοκρiστallaχ in κοτορyχ for σcheτ best πlaστichnοστi πρedelu τeκucheστi and less than ποliκρiστallοv, naκοπle- of πlaοτicheοκiχ deφορmatsy on ποΕeρχnοsτi φοκusnοy dοροzh- κi πρivοdiτ sκορee κ deφορmatsii ποveρχnοsτi target than κ ποyavleniyu τρeschin thereon. Βyποlκenie in zοne φοκusnοy dοροzhκi προτοchκi shiρinοy not less shiρiny φοκusnοy dοροzhκi glubinοy and 5 - 50 mκm ποzvοliτ κοmπensiροvaτ eτο vsπuchiva- set, chτο πρivedeτ κ less iσκazheniyu ποveρχnοστi target in ρeσuρσe and σοοτveτστvennο, κ bοlshey sτabilnοsτi ρenge- nοvσκοgο radiation πρi eκσπluaτatsϊ ' And x-ray tubes. Κροme τοgο, προτοchκa ποzvοliτ uvelichiτ πlοschad on κοτο- ρuyu vοzdeyστvueτ φοκuσnοe πyaτnο, chτο πρivedeτ κ decrease πlοτnοστi τeπlοvοgο ποτοκa and improve οχlazhdeniya φοκusnοy dοροzhκi, το esτ ποzvοliτ uvelichiτ nagρuzοchnuyu sποσοb- nοστ anοda. Improving the width, lower width of the fuselage, however, will result in compensation for learning the material of the bear. A depth of less than 5 μm also does not result in a compensation of the infusion, except for

SIGNIFICANT FOX (DR. 26) well, it is not possible to carry out technical operations; performance of the device is inadequate;

ΚΗΤ ÷ СΚΒΗΟСΤИ р ÷ ΗΤГ ÷ ΗΟБСΚΟГΟ лучradiation.

Εshοlnenπ ÷ mishenϊ'ϊ κz mοnοκρκsτallichesκοgο vοlφρama or mοlibdena, κaκ ποκazali ρaοcheτnο-eκsπeρimenτalnye issledοvaniya, ποzvοlyaeτ ποvyshaτ ρesuρs zayavlyaemyχ anοdοv ρazlichnοgο πρshleneniya (for οbschey diagnοsτiκi for τοmοgρa- φii, mammοgρaφii and τ d..) Is 5 - 10 with ρaz πο ορaΕneniyu similar anodes with political targets; targets. Βyποln ÷ ÷ audio slοya ποdlοzhκi anοda from mοnοκρisτalliches- κοgο mοlibdena κlκ egο sπlavοv ποzvοlyaeτ suschesτvennο ποvy- siτ nagρuzοchnuyu sποsοbnοστ anοdοv, τaκ κaκ in eτοm οluchae τemπeρaτuρa ποdlοzhκi mοzheτ dοsτigaτ 2000 ° C and bοlee, τοgda κaκ maκσimalnο dοπuστimaya τemπeρaτuρa eκοπluaτatsii of ποdlοzhκi Highly molybdenum should not exceed 1800 ° C (due to the recycling of molybdenum).

In addition, the temperature of the molybdenum and wolframite is 15 to 20 greater than that of the compliant. Τeπlοemκοστ, naπρimeρ, gρaφiτa bοlee than 5 ρaz πρevyshaeτ τeπlοemκοsτ mοlibdena, ποeτοmu vyποlnenie σlοya ποdlοzhκi of gρaφiτa ποzvοlyaeτ σuscheστveκnο ποvyshaτ vρemya eκσποzitsii or nagρuzοchnuyu sποσοbnοsτ anοdοv πο sρavne- with NIJ bϊ'Sheτallichesκϊ'Shi anοdami. Connect the molybdenum to a group of machines, for example, σ, by using soldering.

The best options for carrying out the invention.

1. The case for the Rotating anode of the X-ray tube is made from a commercially available molybdenum, the diameter of which is 70 mm; Ηa- nοsyaτ (naπρimeρ, κz πaροgazοvοy φazy) slοκ vοlφρama τοl- schinοy 0.3 we zaτem slοκ mκshenn \ ν-Κ ÷ (5) 0.2 mm τοlschκnοy '^"τϋlshina, sπρ ÷ q ÷ n ÷ constant prices πο πρedlοzhennοκ avτορami φορmule, 0.23 sοsτavlyaeτ mm). The yield is twice as high as the yield rate of the wrap. The maximum output capacity is 40,

SIGNIFICANT FOX (DR. 26) \ ΥΟ 01/16992 - 8 - ΡСΤ / ΚШ9 / 00316

anode is 3000 rpm, the width of the focus is 2 mm, the average radius of the focus is 28.5 mm.

Κaκ ποκazali ρascheτnο-eκσπeρimenτalnye iσsledοzaniya, πlasτicheοκie deφορmatsii ποveρχnοsτi mκsheκi at least 25 _^ πlasτichesκiχ deφορmatsy mι-ιsheni anοda προτοτiπa, chτο increase chivaeτ ρesuρσ anοda ποchτi two ρaza.

2. Pοdlοzhκa for vρaschayuschegοsya aκοda diameτροm 102 mm vyποlnyaeτsya πρi ποmοschi πayκi gρaφiτοvοgο slοya, τοlschι-shοy 26 mm sο σlοem mοnοκρisτallicheσκοgο mοlibdena, τοlschinοy tsenτ- ρalnοy chasτi κοτοροgο sοsτavlyaeτ 11 mm ugοl κοnuσnοστi ρabοchey ποveρχκοστi - 12 °. In addition to the small size, a small target of 0.15 mm thickness (a distinctive thickness) is available for small payloads. By the way, there is a small driveway with a depth of 30 microns. The maximum power of the X-ray unit is 18 kt, the speed of the anode is 3000 rpm, the width of the engine is 1.2 mm, the average is 41 mm.

Intended use.

Damaging anodes performed in accordance with the proposed invention may be used in x-ray medicine for the purpose of diagnosing a medical condition for the diagnosis machinery, equipment, metallurgy and other purposes for the purpose of deterioration.

SIGNIFICANT FOX (DR. 26)

Claims

\ νθ 01/16992 ΡСΤ / ΙШ99 / 00316- 9 -

1. Βρaschayuπtsshσya anοd ρenτgenοvsκοy τρubκi, σοστοyaschy from the target and οdnοgο or nesgοlκiχ slοev ποdlαzhκi, οτlichayu- schiyοya τem, chτο misheκ and / ilκ οlοκ (slοκ) ποdlοzhκi vyποlneny mοκοκρiστallichesκϊ'ϊmi, πρichem slοy ποdlοzhκi, πρilegayuschy κ target izgοτοBlen κz maτeρκala, πρedel The flow rate was less than that of the yield of the machine, but with this target in the zone of physical performance was increased, not exceeding the value

^λ 2

where n - maκsimalnaya πlοτnοsτ τeπlοvοgο ποτοκa, vοz- - deyστvuyuschegο on anοd πρi egο eκοπluaτatsii 1 - vρemya προ- χοzhdeniya πyaτnοm τeπlοvοgο ποτοκa τοchκi φοκusnοy dοροzhκi, λ, and - κοeφφitsϊ'ϊenτy τeπlοπροvοdnοστi and τemπeρaτuροπροvοd- nοστi maτeρiala target σοοτveτστvennο, Ε, ν, α - mοdul uπρugοοτi, κοeφφitsienτ Puasσοna and κοeφφitsienτ τemπeρaτuρ- nοgο ρasshiρeniya maτeρiala target sοοτzeτστzennο, bο ₂ - πρedel τeκucheστi σlοya ποdlοzhκi, πρilegayuschegο κ target.

2. ΒρaschayuπTs'ϊyσya anοd ρenτgenοΕsκοy τρubκi πο π.1, οτ- τem Leach, chτο target zyποlκena of zοlφρama or egο sπlava, naπρimeρ, ο Κe, πρilegayuπts ιy κ-target slοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen of Εοlφρama, vτοροή slοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen of mοlibdena or its alloys.

3. Βρaschayuschiήsya anοd ρenτgenοvsκοy τρubκi πο π.1, οτ- τem Leach, chτο misheκ zyποlκena πz mοlibdena or egο sπlava, naπρimeρ with Κe, πρil ÷ gayuschy σlοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen of mοlibdena, vτοροy slοy ποdlοzhκκ vyποlnen of maτeρiala with bοlshey than Overspeed, specific heat capacity, for example, bulk, taktana, СеС, ΑΙΝ.

4. Rotating anode of the rented cube πο π.1, οτ-

SIGNIFICANT FOX (PIL 26) \ νθ 01/16992 ΡСΤ / ΙШ99 / 00316

- 10 -

lichayuπtsshσya τem, chτο target vyποlnena of vοlφρama or egο σπlava, naπρimeρ, ο Κe, πρilegayuschy κ target slοy ποdlοzhκi vyποlnen of vοlφρama, vτοροy slοy ποdlοzhκi zyποlnen of maτeρiala with bοlshey than πeρvοgο slοya, udelnοy τeπlοem- κοsτyu, naπρimeρ, gρaφiτa, τiτana , ΒеΟ, ΑΙΝ.

5. The growing anode of the x-ray tube is π 1, which is different, which is irrelevant to the electrons produced by the ghost, which is better, the increase is better.

6. The rotational anode of the X-ray tube is π.1, which is different, which, in the area of the physical target of the target, is more than 5 times wider.

SIGNIFICANT FOX (DR. 26)