WO2001016591A1 - Apparatus and method for detecting the level of a mud bed - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for detecting the level of a mud bed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001016591A1 WO2001016591A1 PCT/IB2000/001210 IB0001210W WO0116591A1 WO 2001016591 A1 WO2001016591 A1 WO 2001016591A1 IB 0001210 W IB0001210 W IB 0001210W WO 0116591 A1 WO0116591 A1 WO 0116591A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- level
- mud
- mud bed
- thickener
- probe
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/30—Control equipment
- B01D21/32—Density control of clear liquid or sediment, e.g. optical control ; Control of physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/30—Control equipment
- B01D21/34—Controlling the feed distribution; Controlling the liquid level ; Control of process parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
- G01F23/2966—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves
- G01F23/2967—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves for discrete levels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D9/00—Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel
- G05D9/12—Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel characterised by the use of electric means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/0018—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation provided with a pump mounted in or on a settling tank
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02416—Solids in liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02836—Flow rate, liquid level
Definitions
- THIS invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting and controlling the level of a mud bed in a gravity thickener, and in particular for detecting and controlling the level of a mud bed in a high compression thickener
- Gravity thickeners are typically used to separate the liquid and particulate components of a slurry by the dynamic creation and removal of a portion of the mud bed at the base of the thickener
- a portion of the mud bed is conventionally extracted from the base of the thickener using an underflow pump, and the level of the mud bed is indirectly monitored by measuring the underflow density and comparing it with a density set point value, with the underflow pump speed being adjusted accordingly
- the mud bed needs to be kept at a substantially constant level, which means that the underflow pump needs to extract a portion of the mud bed from the base thereof at a rate which essentially corresponds to the rate of formation of the mud bed
- thickener technology has accelerated rapidly with the advent and general acceptance in the industry of so-called “deep cone” or “high compression” thickeners
- These devices have the ability to generate high density underflows which approach paste-like consistencies, and have allowed the previously unattainable concept of thickened tailings disposal to become a reality
- the control of the level of the mud bed has become a critical problem due to the relatively high internal rise rate (typically above 11 metres per hour) associated with such thickeners
- Underflow density measurement as a means of monitoring mud bed level has some serious shortcomings. There are many factors which influence the underflow density, including slimes-to-grits ratio in the feed, the degree of flocculation, settling rate of the flocculated slimes and the like. As a result, underflow density is not a uniform or predictable function of mud bed level. In the past, the control of the mud bed level on the basis of underflow density has led to mishaps in which the internal structures of high compression thickeners have been damaged and have catastrophically failed under the pressure of an overflowing mud bed.
- an apparatus for detecting and controlling the level of a mud bed within a gravity thickener comprising a first vibrating probe which vibrates at a predetermined amplitude and frequency and first mounting means for mounting the probe substantially vertically in the thickener at a predetermined position in which it is arranged to detect a preset mud bed level on the basis of vibration dampening and to generate a first control signal in response thereto, the first control signal being arranged to adjust the throughflow of mud via an underflow pump so as to control the level of the mud bed within the column thickener.
- the first probe is arranged to detect a preset high mud bed level and the first control signal is a "high" signal, which is arranged to increase the throughflow of mud via the underflow pump so as to reduce the level of the mud bed.
- the apparatus includes a second vibrating probe which vibrates at a predetermined amplitude and frequency, and second mounting means for the second probe mounting substantially vertically in the thickener at a predetermined position in which it is arranged to detect a preset low mud bed level, and to generate a second control signal in response thereto, the second control signal being arranged to decrease the throughflow of mud via the underflow pump to maintain, in conjunction with the first control signal, the level of the mud bed between the high and low mud bed levels.
- the first and second control signals may be arranged respectively to turn the underflow pump on and off or to increase and decrease the speed of the pump.
- One or more intermediate vibrating probes may be located between the first upper and second lower probes, the intermediate probes being arranged to generate control signals to vary the mud bed level by increasing or decreasing the speed of the underflow pump.
- the first vibrating probe may be arranged to deliver an analog signal which is a function of the mud bed level along the length of the probe, whereby the signal is arranged to vary the speed of the underflow pump in response to measured changes in mud bed level.
- the vibrating probes are provided with adjustable switching set points arranged to generate control signals.
- the probes are arranged to sense differences in SG of as little as 0.04, and to switch between a setpoint in response thereto.
- the thickener is preferably in the form of a high compression thickener.
- high compression thickener is meant a thickener having an internal rise rate which is generally greater than 11 metres per hour, under a relatively high duty or processing rate of twenty to 50 tons per square metre per day.
- Such thickeners have relatively small diameter ranging from 1 to 15 metres, and a shallow feed well. Flocculant is required, and the mud bed which is created within the thickener is relatively deep, having a height of up to 10 metres.
- Such thickeners may or may not be provided with a secondary dewatering device in the form of a "rake" system. Typically, in cases where the underflow density is less than or in the region of 1.6 kilograms per litre, no secondary dewatering device is required. Where the underflow density is greater than 1.7 kilograms per litre, a secondary dewatering device is generally used.
- the mud bed level detecting method and apparatus of the invention may also be used with so-called "high rate” and "conventional” gravity thickeners.
- a high rate thickener typically has an internal rise rate from 4 to 10 metres per hour, and has a diameter ranging from 10 to 60 metres.
- a thickener of this type requires a flocculant and generally utilizes a deep feed well.
- a mud bed of up to 5 metres in height is created, and such thickeners are capable of processing from 12 to 19 tons per square metre per day.
- the underflow density of the mud from a high rate thickener can typically go up to 1.55 kilograms per litre.
- a conventional thickener typically has an internal rise rate of less than 3 metres per hour and may be up to 100 metres or more in diameter. Flocculant is not essential, and a relatively shallow mud bed of up to 2 metres is utilized. Conventional thickeners have a relatively low processing rate of 5 to 7 tons per square metre per day, and are able to handle an underflow density of 1.3 to 1.4 kilograms per litre.
- the invention extends to a method of controlling the level of a mud bed within a gravity thickener comprising the steps of sensing the level of the mud bed using a first vibrating probe immersed in the mud bed, generating a first control signal based on the extent of vibration dampening of the first vibrating probe, and using the first control signal to adjust the rate of extraction of mud so as to control the level of the mud bed within the thickener.
- the method includes the steps of sensing a high mud level using the first vibrating probe and using the first control signal to increase the throughflow of mud via an underflow pump to reduce the level of the mud bed.
- the method conveniently includes the steps of sensing a low mud bed level using a second vibrating probe, generating a second control signal based on the extend of vibration dampening of the second vibrating probe, and using the second control signal to decrease the throughflow of mud via the underflow pump to maintain the level of the mud bed between the high and low mud bed levels in conjunction with the first vibrating probe.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first prototype embodiment of a mud bed level controller of the invention fitted to a high compression gravity thickener;
- Figure 2 shows a graph of interface density versus time, indicating the operation of the mud bed level controller of the invention
- Figure 3 shows a more detailed cross-sectional view of the manner in which the vibrating probes are fitted within the high compression thickener
- Figure 4 shows a top plan view of the thickener of Figure 3; and Figure 5 shows a detail of the manner in which the vibrating probe is located within a guide pipe within the thickener.
- the average density of the feed material to the pilot plant was in the region of 1.04 to 1.05SG, with the flocculated feed material having an average density of approximately 1.1SG.
- the switch point of the VEGAVIB 52 vibrating probe was adjusted to switch in densities higher than the flocculated feed density in an attempt to detect the mud bed level, which is typically in the region of 1.2 to 1.3SG.
- an Ultrasep® high compression thickener 10 is schematically shown fitted with a first VEGAVIB 52 vibrating probe 12.
- the Ultrasep® thickener includes an uppermost slurry inlet pipe 13A and a lowermost mud outlet pipe 13B which extends from the base of a conical sump portion 14 of the thickener.
- An upper flanged tank insert 15 is inserted between two main sections of the tank. The insert 15 incorporates a recess 16 within which the first probe 12 was vertically mounted.
- a sampling point 18 was installed at a position close to the tip of the probe 12. The probe was initially adjusted not to switch on the flocculated feed material having a density of 1.06SG.
- the VEGAVIB probe is arranged to deliver an adjustable switching signal, and is incapable of delivering a variable analog signal
- a control philosophy was adopted in which the high level probe 12 was supplemented with a low level probe 24.
- the low level probe 24 was similarly fitted in a recess 26 within a second flanged pipe insert 28 located directly below the first pipe insert 15.
- the vibrating probe 24 was used to detect a lower mud bed level 34. At this level, the vibrating probe 24 was adjusted to transmit a signal via control line 36, thereby switching the pump 22 off and allowing the mud bed level to increase.
- a graph of density (SG) vs time is shown.
- a lowermost broken outline plot 38 indicates the on/off status of the underflow pump 22, and an intermediate plot 40 indicates the interface density or actual density measurements of the mud bed at both the high level 42 when the underflow pump 22 starts and the low level 44 when the underflow pump stops. It was found that the high and low level density measurements were not exactly the same, as would theoretically have been expected. This was probably due to the fact that the mud bed is not uniformly level, with the sampling points 18 possibly producing a sample that was not fully representative of the material surrounding either of the vibrating probes 12 and 24. Nevertheless, it was visually observed that the mud bed level never exceeded the high level position, thereby successfully protecting the internal structures of the Ultrasep® unit.
- an uppermost plot 46 showing underflow density was included. This plot shows a gradual reduction in density, but is not sufficiently sensitive or responsive to indicate variations in mud bed level shown by the plot 40.
- a large commercial Ultrasep® high compression unit 50 is shown. This includes a dissipator cone 52, an inner feed well 54 leading to a re-circulator cone 56, and an overflow launder 58.
- High and low level guide pipes 60 and 62 respectively extend vertically from a walkway 63 at the top of the unit.
- the vibrating probe 12 is fitted within the guide pipe 62, with the probe head 64 sitting on gusset plates 66 located at the base of the pipe for centering the probe.
- the probe cable 68 extends to a probe control box 70. It is clear from Figure 5 how the pipe 60 extends through an opening in the dissipator cone 52.
- Certain critical levels have been identified in the Ultrasep® high compression thickener unit 50. These include a so-called “high high level” 74, which is 100mm below the re-circulator cone 56, a “high level” 76, which is 100mm below the top of a Trioid® 78, and a “low level”, which is the lowermost operating level 80 just below the Trioid®.
- a suitable additional guide pipe 82 may also be installed, to which a lowermost vibrating probe is fitted to detect the lowermost level 80.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002383920A CA2383920C (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2000-08-31 | Apparatus and method for detecting the level of a mud bed |
AU67166/00A AU776779B2 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2000-08-31 | Apparatus and method for detecting the level of a mud bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA995631 | 1999-09-01 | ||
ZA99/5631 | 1999-09-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001016591A1 true WO2001016591A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
Family
ID=25587892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2000/001210 WO2001016591A1 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2000-08-31 | Apparatus and method for detecting the level of a mud bed |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU776779B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2383920C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001016591A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO327253B1 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2009-05-25 | Aker Subsea As | Method and system for controlling fluid level in a tank |
CN102192196A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-09-21 | 云南大红山管道有限公司 | Underflow pump capable of discharging pollution and cleaning automatically and control method thereof |
WO2013171652A1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-21 | Paterson & Cooke Consulting Scientists (Proprietary) Limited | Method of controlling a gravity sedimentation device |
WO2014179050A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Sand separator interface detection |
US9506850B2 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2016-11-29 | Westech Engineering, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining one or more characteristics of a viscous material |
CN112985506A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-18 | 北京科技大学 | Method for mutual calculation of mud layer height and mud layer pressure of deep cone thickener |
CN115015527A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-06 | 山东理工大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for simulating high pressure of deep cone thickener |
US11708286B2 (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2023-07-25 | Marmon Industrial Water Llc | High rate thickener and eductors therefor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107344810A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-11-14 | 嘉兴奥拓迈讯自动化控制技术有限公司 | Fully-automatic intelligent mud extraction control system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4226714A (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-10-07 | The Anaconda Company | Thickener control system |
WO1996000885A1 (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-01-11 | Alcoa Of Australia Limited | Thickener mud gauge |
US5879541A (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1999-03-09 | Merpro Tortek Limited | Apparatus and method for removing oil from oil-coated particles |
-
2000
- 2000-08-31 WO PCT/IB2000/001210 patent/WO2001016591A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-31 CA CA002383920A patent/CA2383920C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-31 AU AU67166/00A patent/AU776779B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4226714A (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-10-07 | The Anaconda Company | Thickener control system |
US5879541A (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1999-03-09 | Merpro Tortek Limited | Apparatus and method for removing oil from oil-coated particles |
WO1996000885A1 (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-01-11 | Alcoa Of Australia Limited | Thickener mud gauge |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PINEDA A ET AL: "MEASUREMENT OF MUD LEVEL INTERFACES: A TOOL FOR OPTIMIZATION OF RED MUD WASHING AT C.V.G. BAUXILUM", PROCEEDINGS OF THE TMS ANNUAL MEETING,US,WARRENDALE, TMS, vol. MEETING 125, 4 February 1996 (1996-02-04), pages 137 - 141, XP000628260, ISBN: 0-87339-312-0 * |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO327253B1 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2009-05-25 | Aker Subsea As | Method and system for controlling fluid level in a tank |
CN102192196A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-09-21 | 云南大红山管道有限公司 | Underflow pump capable of discharging pollution and cleaning automatically and control method thereof |
WO2013171652A1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-21 | Paterson & Cooke Consulting Scientists (Proprietary) Limited | Method of controlling a gravity sedimentation device |
KR101949298B1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2019-02-18 | 마이크로 모우션, 인코포레이티드 | Sand separator interface detection |
JP2018010000A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2018-01-18 | マイクロ モーション インコーポレイテッド | Boundary detection of sand separation device |
CN105324645A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-02-10 | 高准公司 | Sand separator interface detection |
EP2992304A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-03-09 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Sand separator interface detection |
JP2016521365A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-07-21 | マイクロ モーション インコーポレイテッド | Boundary detection of sand separator |
CN113405632A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2021-09-17 | 高准公司 | Sand separator interface detection |
RU2610929C1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2017-02-17 | Майкро Моушн, Инк. | Determination of interface liquid/solid in sand separator |
KR20160004357A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2016-01-12 | 마이크로 모우션, 인코포레이티드 | Sand separator interface detection |
US10046252B2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2018-08-14 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Sand separator interface detection |
WO2014179050A1 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Sand separator interface detection |
US9506850B2 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2016-11-29 | Westech Engineering, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining one or more characteristics of a viscous material |
US11708286B2 (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2023-07-25 | Marmon Industrial Water Llc | High rate thickener and eductors therefor |
CN112985506A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-18 | 北京科技大学 | Method for mutual calculation of mud layer height and mud layer pressure of deep cone thickener |
CN112985506B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-03-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method for mutual calculation of mud layer height and mud layer pressure of deep cone thickener |
CN115015527A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-06 | 山东理工大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for simulating high pressure of deep cone thickener |
CN115015527B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-22 | 山东理工大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for simulating high pressure of deep cone thickener |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU776779B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
CA2383920C (en) | 2008-06-10 |
CA2383920A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
AU6716600A (en) | 2001-03-26 |
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