WO2001012407A2 - Reinforced blow-molded bumpers - Google Patents

Reinforced blow-molded bumpers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001012407A2
WO2001012407A2 PCT/US2000/021621 US0021621W WO0112407A2 WO 2001012407 A2 WO2001012407 A2 WO 2001012407A2 US 0021621 W US0021621 W US 0021621W WO 0112407 A2 WO0112407 A2 WO 0112407A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle part
blow
layer
unreinforced
part portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/021621
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001012407A3 (en
Inventor
Marshall Ray Porter
Original Assignee
Conix Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conix Corporation filed Critical Conix Corporation
Priority to CA002381421A priority Critical patent/CA2381421C/en
Priority to US10/049,383 priority patent/US6692064B1/en
Publication of WO2001012407A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001012407A2/en
Publication of WO2001012407A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001012407A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/22—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/03—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by material, e.g. composite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3044—Bumpers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
    • B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
    • B60R2019/184—Blow moulded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
    • B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
    • B60R2019/1853—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material of reinforced plastic material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to processes for blow-molding and to articles made by blow-molding. More particularly, the present invention relates to multi-layer blow-molded bumper structures that incorporate reinforcing materials.
  • the present invention provides a blow-molded bumper structure that incorporates one or more internal layers that are reinforced with reinforcing materials, such as glass, mineral or carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles.
  • the reinforced layer increases the strength of the bumper while reducing weight, density and material costs.
  • the reinforced layer also provides a thermal barrier that acts to prevent read-through in tacked- off structures.
  • the invention may be defined as a blow-molded bumper including at least one inner layer containing a reinforcing material. More particularly, the invention may be defined as the aforementioned blow-molded bumper, wherein the reinforced layer is provided with glass fibers, mineral fibers, carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles.
  • the invention may be defined as a multi-layer blow- molded automobile bumper that includes at least one reinforced layer sandwiched between two unreinforced layers. More particularly, the invention may be defined as the aforementioned bumper, wherein the reinforced layer is provided with glass fibers, ceramic microspheres, mineral fibers, carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a two-layered blow-molded automobile bumper including an inner reinforced layer;
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layer blow-molded automobile bumper
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layer blow-molded automobile bumper
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle bumper manufactured in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a blow-molded automobile bumper 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Bumper 100 includes a front portion 102 and back portion 104.
  • Outer layer 106 is provided as an unreinforced layer of thermoplastic which has desirable aesthetic qualities so as to form a smooth outer surface.
  • Outer layer 106 completely surrounds an inner layer 110, which is provided as a reinforced thermoplastic.
  • glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles may be used separately or in combination to provide the reinforcement to the reinforced inner layer
  • the glass may be in the form of glass fibers or glass microspheres.
  • the mineral is typically in the form of mineral fibers.
  • the bumper 100 shown in FIGURE 1 includes a gap space 112 between the front portion 102 and a recessed portion 114, which is formed during the molding process.
  • the method of the present invention may be used to manufacture, for example, a bumper, a tail-gate, a door, or a running board.
  • the bumper As will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, the bumper
  • the 100 depicted in FIGURE 1, may be manufactured by utilizing a multilayered extrusion blow molding process.
  • the first step is the extrusion of the multilayered thermoplastic parison to a length suitable for the size of the mold, wherein at least one inner layer includes at least one of: glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles.
  • the parison is formed by heating thermoplastic material to a temperature where it is very soft but still able to retain its shape.
  • the mold is closed around the parison. High pressure gas is injected into the parison expanding it against the inside of the mold. Contact with the mold cools the material until hard. Finally the mold is opened and the molded part is removed using appropriate equipment. This process is the same regardless of how many layers are in the parison.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a three-layer bumper 200 according to the invention.
  • the bumper structure 200 includes a reinforced barrier layer 202 that is sandwiched between an outer layer 204 and an inner layer 206.
  • reinforced layer 202 may include glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles, for example.
  • This particular structure, with the reinforced barrier layer 202 sandwiched between two layers of unreinforced material is useful to prevent the separation of layers upon deformation of the bumper structure.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates another three-layer bumper structure 300 according to the invention.
  • the bumper structure is like that shown in FIGURE 2, except that it includes a tacked-off portion 310 where an internal surface 312 of the front portion 314 and an internal surface 316 of the recessed portion 318 are caused to bond together.
  • Tack-off 310 between the front portion 314 and back portion 340 can be controlled by designing the distance in the specified area to be less than the thickness of the parison layers that line the mold.
  • the thermal insulating characteristics of the reinforced barrier layer 302 owing to the presence of glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles, acts to prevent read-through of the tacked-off portion to the outer surface 330 of the front portion.
  • the blow-molded bumper 300 may be formed in a single step without the addition of an outer surface layer to conceal read-through.
  • the tacked-off portion provides increased structural strength to the bumper 300.
  • the fiber-reinforced layer of the invention provides for reduced material cost, since the fibers therein act as a relatively inexpensive filler material to the relatively expensive thermoplastic materials.
  • the fiber reinforced layer creates cost savings due to the displacement of comparatively heavy and costly resin materials with comparatively inexpensive reinforcing materials or nano- particles.
  • the result is a blow-molded, one-piece automobile bumper, with improved strength, aesthetic appearance and reduced weight and cost compared to previous bumpers.
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle bumper 402 manufactured in accordance with the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a blow-molded vehicle part and a blow-molding process for generating a one-piece vehicle part with improved strength, aesthetic appearance and reduced weight and cost. The blow-molded vehicle part (200) includes a front vehicle part portion and a back vehicle part portion, wherein the front and back vehicle part portions have at least an outer unreinforced layer (204) of thermoplastic that forms a smooth outer surface of the vehicle part and a reinforced inner layer (202).

Description

REINFORCED BLOW-MOLDED BUMPERS
Background of the Invention The present invention relates generally to processes for blow-molding and to articles made by blow-molding. More particularly, the present invention relates to multi-layer blow-molded bumper structures that incorporate reinforcing materials.
State-of-the-art automobile bumpers are typically manufactured by molding thermoplastics using a variety of molding techniques. These techniques strive to provide the best aesthetic qualities and structural strength, while reducing the material costs and weight of the finished product. Many techniques and bumper structures utilize reinforcing materials, such as glass fibers in order to increase the structural strength and reduce weight. While the use of such reinforcing materials is known to provide many desirable characteristics to molded articles, the use of such reinforcing materials in bumper structures produced by blow-molding techniques has heretofore been problematic. One reason for this is that the use of reinforcing materials in blow-molded bumper structures may produce irregularities or read-through in the outer surface finish of the bumper. Another reason is that the presence of many conventional reinforcing materials such as fiber reinforcement may render the bumper surface finish brittle and therefore unable to resist cracking when the bumper is subject to mild deformations.
In addition to the use of reinforcing materials, another known technique for increasing the strength of bumper structures involves the use of tacked-off bumper structures. In such structures, the internal surfaces of a bumper are made to contact and bond with each other to add structural strength. Typically, however, tacked-off structures result in a thermal sink and read-through to the finished surface. As such, tacked off structures have heretofore required the addition of a separately molded cover to provide an aesthetically pleasing exterior surface. It would be desirable to provide blow-molded bumper structures which addresses the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art. Specifically, it would be desirable to provide blow-molded bumper structures that utilize reinforcing materials, such as glass, mineral or carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles and which exhibit suitable surface finishes, even in bumper structures that incorporate tacked-off structures.
Summary of the Invention
The aforementioned problems are eliminated and the desired advantages are realized by the present invention, which provides a blow-molded bumper structure that incorporates one or more internal layers that are reinforced with reinforcing materials, such as glass, mineral or carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles. The reinforced layer increases the strength of the bumper while reducing weight, density and material costs. The reinforced layer also provides a thermal barrier that acts to prevent read-through in tacked- off structures.
In one aspect, the invention may be defined as a blow-molded bumper including at least one inner layer containing a reinforcing material. More particularly, the invention may be defined as the aforementioned blow-molded bumper, wherein the reinforced layer is provided with glass fibers, mineral fibers, carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles.
In another aspect, the invention may be defined as a multi-layer blow- molded automobile bumper that includes at least one reinforced layer sandwiched between two unreinforced layers. More particularly, the invention may be defined as the aforementioned bumper, wherein the reinforced layer is provided with glass fibers, ceramic microspheres, mineral fibers, carbon fibers or glass microspheres or nano-particles.
Brief Description of the Drawings The accompanying drawings which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting.
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a two-layered blow-molded automobile bumper including an inner reinforced layer;
FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layer blow-molded automobile bumper;
FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of a three-layer blow-molded automobile bumper; and FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle bumper manufactured in accordance with the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a blow-molded automobile bumper 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Bumper 100 includes a front portion 102 and back portion 104. An outer layer
106 is provided as an unreinforced layer of thermoplastic which has desirable aesthetic qualities so as to form a smooth outer surface. Outer layer 106 completely surrounds an inner layer 110, which is provided as a reinforced thermoplastic. According to the invention, glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles may be used separately or in combination to provide the reinforcement to the reinforced inner layer
110. The glass may be in the form of glass fibers or glass microspheres. The mineral is typically in the form of mineral fibers. The bumper 100 shown in FIGURE 1 includes a gap space 112 between the front portion 102 and a recessed portion 114, which is formed during the molding process. Clearly the method of the present invention may be used to manufacture, for example, a bumper, a tail-gate, a door, or a running board.
As will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, the bumper
100 depicted in FIGURE 1, may be manufactured by utilizing a multilayered extrusion blow molding process. The first step is the extrusion of the multilayered thermoplastic parison to a length suitable for the size of the mold, wherein at least one inner layer includes at least one of: glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles. The parison is formed by heating thermoplastic material to a temperature where it is very soft but still able to retain its shape. Second, the mold is closed around the parison. High pressure gas is injected into the parison expanding it against the inside of the mold. Contact with the mold cools the material until hard. Finally the mold is opened and the molded part is removed using appropriate equipment. This process is the same regardless of how many layers are in the parison.
FIGURE 2 illustrates a three-layer bumper 200 according to the invention. The bumper structure 200 includes a reinforced barrier layer 202 that is sandwiched between an outer layer 204 and an inner layer 206. As in the example of FIGURE 1 , reinforced layer 202 may include glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles, for example. This particular structure, with the reinforced barrier layer 202 sandwiched between two layers of unreinforced material is useful to prevent the separation of layers upon deformation of the bumper structure. FIGURE 3 illustrates another three-layer bumper structure 300 according to the invention. The bumper structure is like that shown in FIGURE 2, except that it includes a tacked-off portion 310 where an internal surface 312 of the front portion 314 and an internal surface 316 of the recessed portion 318 are caused to bond together. Tack-off 310 between the front portion 314 and back portion 340 can be controlled by designing the distance in the specified area to be less than the thickness of the parison layers that line the mold.
As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the thermal insulating characteristics of the reinforced barrier layer 302, owing to the presence of glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres or nano-particles, acts to prevent read-through of the tacked-off portion to the outer surface 330 of the front portion. Thus, the blow-molded bumper 300 may be formed in a single step without the addition of an outer surface layer to conceal read-through. Moreover, the tacked-off portion provides increased structural strength to the bumper 300.
The fiber-reinforced layer of the invention provides for reduced material cost, since the fibers therein act as a relatively inexpensive filler material to the relatively expensive thermoplastic materials. Thus, the fiber reinforced layer creates cost savings due to the displacement of comparatively heavy and costly resin materials with comparatively inexpensive reinforcing materials or nano- particles. The result is a blow-molded, one-piece automobile bumper, with improved strength, aesthetic appearance and reduced weight and cost compared to previous bumpers.
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle bumper 402 manufactured in accordance with the present invention.
Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described hereinabove in some detail, it should be appreciated that a variety of embodiments will be readily available to persons utilizing the invention for a specific end use. The description of this invention is not intended to be limiting on this invention, but is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiment of this invention. Other products and methods that incorporate modifications or changes to that which has been described herein are equally included within this application. Additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by referring to the above description of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Claims

Claims What is claimed is: 1. A blow-molded vehicle part comprising: a front vehicle part portion; and a back vehicle part portion, wherein the front vehicle part and the back vehicle part have an outer unreinforced layer of a thermoplastic that forms a smooth outer surface of the vehicle part and a reinforced inner layer lying against the outer unreinforced layer.
2. The blo -molded vehicle part of claim 1 wherein the reinforced inner layer includes at least one of: glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres and nano-particles.
3. The blow-molded vehicle part of claim 1 wherein the back vehicle part portion includes a recessed portion that is recessed toward the front vehicle part portion to form a gap space between the front vehicle part portion and the recessed portion, wherein the recessed portion with the gap space is formed during a molding process.
4. The blow-molded vehicle part of claim 1 wherein the front vehicle part portion and the back vehicle part portion further include another layer of unreinforced thermoplastic that sandwiches the reinforced inner layer between the outer unreinforced layer and the said other layer of unreinforced thermoplastic.
5. The blow-molded vehicle part of claim 1 wherein: the front vehicle part portion and the back vehicle part portion further include another layer of unreinforced thermoplastic that sandwiches the reinforced inner layer between the outer unreinforced layer and the said other layer of unreinforced thermoplastic; and the back vehicle part portion is recessed toward the front vehicle part portion to form a distance between the front vehicle part portion and the recessed portion that is less than a thickness of parison layers that line the mold, bonding the said other layer of unreinforced thermoplastic of the back vehicle part portion with the said layer of unreinforced thermoplastic of the front vehicle part portion during a molding process.
6. The blow-molded vehicle of claim 1 wherein the front vehicle part portion and the back vehicle part portion are formed from at least three layers of unreinforced/reinforced thermoplastic.
7. The blow-molded vehicle of claim 1 wherein: the front vehicle part portion and the back vehicle part portion are formed from at least three layers of unreinforced/reinforced thermoplastic; and the back vehicle part portion is recessed toward the front vehicle part portion to form a distance between the front vehicle part portion and the recessed portion that is less than a thickness of parison layers that line the mold, bonding an innermost layer of the back vehicle part portion with an innermost layer of the front vehicle part portion during a molding process.
8. The blow-molded vehicle part of claim 1 wherein the vehicle is an automobile.
9. The blow-molded vehicle part of claim 1 wherein the part is one of: a bumper, a tail-gate, a door, and a running board.
10. A blow-molding process for manufacturing a multilayered portion vehicle part comprising the steps of: extruding a multilayered thermoplastic parison to a length suitable for a size of a preselected mold, wherein at least one inner layer includes at least one of: glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres and nano-particles; closing the preselected mold around the parison; heating the parison to a temperature at which the parison is very soft but still able to retain a desired shape; injecting a high pressure gas into the parison to expand the parison against an inside of the preselected mold; allowing the parison to cool and, when the thermoplastic material has cooled sufficiently, removing the part from the preselected mold.
11. The blow-molding process of claim 10 further including, before removing the part from the preselected mold, repeating the above steps at least one time using a reinforced/unreinforced thermoplastic material until a desired number of layers are formed.
12. The blow-molding process of claim 10 wherein the reinforced inner layer includes at least one of: glass, mineral, carbon fibers, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres and nano-particles.
13. The blow-molding process of claim 10 wherein the vehicle is an automobile.
14. The blow-molding process of claim 10 wherein the part is one of: a bumper, a tail-gate, a door, and a running board.
PCT/US2000/021621 1999-08-13 2000-08-09 Reinforced blow-molded bumpers WO2001012407A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002381421A CA2381421C (en) 1999-08-13 2000-08-09 Reinforced blow-molded bumpers
US10/049,383 US6692064B1 (en) 1999-08-13 2000-08-09 Reinforced blow-molded bumpers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14888999P 1999-08-13 1999-08-13
US60/148,889 1999-08-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001012407A2 true WO2001012407A2 (en) 2001-02-22
WO2001012407A3 WO2001012407A3 (en) 2001-07-05

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ID=22527880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2000/021621 WO2001012407A2 (en) 1999-08-13 2000-08-09 Reinforced blow-molded bumpers

Country Status (2)

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CA (1) CA2381421C (en)
WO (1) WO2001012407A2 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5712003A (en) * 1994-10-24 1998-01-27 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Blow-molded articles for automobile exterior parts and the process therefor
US5780129A (en) * 1994-01-11 1998-07-14 Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. Multi-layer blow-molded article

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5780129A (en) * 1994-01-11 1998-07-14 Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. Multi-layer blow-molded article
US5712003A (en) * 1994-10-24 1998-01-27 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Blow-molded articles for automobile exterior parts and the process therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2381421A1 (en) 2001-02-22
WO2001012407A3 (en) 2001-07-05
CA2381421C (en) 2008-07-22

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