WO2001010517A1 - Procede et systeme de fourniture d'informations utiles dans l'arbitrage d'un jeu et avantageux pour les spectateurs - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de fourniture d'informations utiles dans l'arbitrage d'un jeu et avantageux pour les spectateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001010517A1
WO2001010517A1 PCT/NO2000/000259 NO0000259W WO0110517A1 WO 2001010517 A1 WO2001010517 A1 WO 2001010517A1 NO 0000259 W NO0000259 W NO 0000259W WO 0110517 A1 WO0110517 A1 WO 0110517A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gps
signals
data
units
mobile units
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2000/000259
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rune Fergestad
Petter Fergestad
Tom Saxegaard
Original Assignee
Sport Tech As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NO19993830A external-priority patent/NO312267B1/no
Application filed by Sport Tech As filed Critical Sport Tech As
Priority to AU64843/00A priority Critical patent/AU6484300A/en
Priority to EP00952083A priority patent/EP1210151A1/fr
Publication of WO2001010517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001010517A1/fr
Priority to US11/061,505 priority patent/US20050159252A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/08—Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G01S1/20—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional antennas or antenna systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0605—Decision makers and devices using detection means facilitating arbitration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A63B2024/0025—Tracking the path or location of one or more users, e.g. players of a game
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/83—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • A63B2220/836—Sensors arranged on the body of the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/03—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
    • G01S19/10—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing dedicated supplementary positioning signals
    • G01S19/11—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing dedicated supplementary positioning signals wherein the cooperating elements are pseudolites or satellite radio beacon positioning system signal repeaters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S19/19—Sporting applications

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method and system for integrated and interactive presentation of sports events in media in order to give media, viewers, audiences and coaches more information and insight in the performance of teams and individuals, and further improves the quality of the referees calls through digitalization of sports events via sensors which register the position of people and sports objects and via appropriate software for data processing and media visualization, more specifically the invention concerns a method for production of information as specified in the introduction to claim 1 and further a system for execution of a method for providing information as specified in the introduction to claim 6. The present invention further concerns an application as specified in claim 12.
  • Sports reporting on radio, TV and the press have great attention in all countries. Such reporting may be in real time or posterity.
  • the reports contain information about crucial events such as, in soccer: number of goals, who scored, time of the goal etc. Some of these data are targets for betting and money games with huge turnover and where the profit among other things also provides funding for social institutions as well as for the sports itself.
  • Interactive TV is for time being none existing in Norway, but available in some foreign TV channels. It is here employed several employees sitting in the stands making notes, manually of game data as for instance number of passes, faulty passes, shots etc. Viewers may then subsequently call up this statistics interactively. Similarly, viewers may interactively choose which manually operated camera they wish to see the game from. They may also choose to view previous highlights if they are late starting to watch the game.
  • the standing and attention of a sport depends, among other things, on a perceived fairness in uphold and execution of the rules of the game, such as for instance offside in soccer.
  • the three referees in principle need to watch two simultaneous occurrences, i.e.: determine the exact moment a pass is made to an attacker closer to the defending teams goal and determine this attackers exact position relative to the defending teams players at the moment the pass is made.
  • determine the exact moment a pass is made to an attacker closer to the defending teams goal and determine this attackers exact position relative to the defending teams players at the moment the pass is made As the sports develop and the plays become increasingly faster, teams are quicker in their collective movements and passes become longer and more precise. This increases the need for the referees to make quicker decisions and with smaller margins.
  • the invention is intended to enable the production of equipment and software which may be integrated to establish, with high precision, a digital version of sports events and where the digital data through appropriate processing and presentation gives easy access to significantly more information and increases the entertainment value in sports reporting and provides coaches with more complete and significantly faster tools for analyzing sports events.
  • the invention may of course also be used in other areas where it is desirable to acquire information about moving objects within a limited area.
  • the invention is further intended to enable the production of equipment and software which may be integrated to improve real-time recording of fouls, such as for instance off-side in soccer.
  • the invention is further intended to enable the production of equipment and software which may be integrated to give automatic guidance input and control of TV-cameras positioned around the sports arena in order for the cameras to track specified targets such as for instance a soccer ball or they may be instructed to track selected individuals.
  • equipment and software which may be integrated to give automatic guidance input and control of TV-cameras positioned around the sports arena in order for the cameras to track specified targets such as for instance a soccer ball or they may be instructed to track selected individuals.
  • This system is developed and maintained by the US Department Of Defense (DOD) and consists of 24 satellites in orbit around planet earth sending coded signals which may be received by GPS-receivers on earth.
  • DOD US Department Of Defense
  • DGPS differential GPS
  • the GPS/DGPS inaccuracy is primarily caused by wave penetration through the ionosphere-Aroposphere, deviation in the satellite's orbit parameters (ephemeris) and multi path. Higher accuracy (down to a few millimeters) is achievable, but this requires more advanced, more power consuming, heavier and more expensive receiver/antenna systems unsuited for miniature battery operation and installation on people and small objects such as for the present purpose. 5-7 years ago even the simplest GPS-receivers were too large to be considered for the present use. The last 3-4 years have however brought about a miniaturization where chip-based production technology has opened new areas of use.
  • the intention of the present invention is to devise a provide a methode and a system for execution of the methode for integrated and interactive presentation of sports events on the media to overcome the weaknesses as described for known systems, so that determination of position for sports players and objects may be achieved with equipment having lower weight and an order of magnitude higher precision than known miniature DGPS-systems or known radio wave based goniometric systems and so that such position determination may be achieved not only outdoors as is known with the present DGPS systems but also on in-door arenas in such a way that the access to satellite signals, as with GPS, is no longer a limiting factor and that such equipment is integrated with software to enable data processing and presentation of game analysis in near real-time encompassing significantly more parameters contrary to known systems which require 7-8 hours of processing and so that corresponding parameters may be integrated and visualized interactively in media such as TV, Internet and analysis software for coaches in real-time as well as post game analysis
  • the present invention employs the best from the most modern positioning technology (DGPS) have today, but replaces the satellites with a number of local transmitters at the sports arena.
  • the transmitters send GPS-like signals that are captured by receivers, functioning after the same principle as modern GPS-receivers.
  • the receivers may be fixed on the arena and the transmitters may be installed on the sports players and objects. Or alternatively vice versa.
  • the mobile units contain one or more receivers each integrated with its radio transmitter reporting position back to a central unit on the arena, where a processor in each fixed transmitter and a miniature processor integrated in each mobile unit communicate via radio-transceiver with a more powerful processor in a central unit.
  • the central units data processor has software, which among other things may calculate a more exact position based on the information from the network of stationary transmitters and mobile receivers. In this way is position accuracy improved corresponding in principle to a so-called inverse GPS in a standard DGPS- system.
  • the fixed stationary GPS-like transmitters may also, in addition to their primary function, assume the role of reference stations in a standard DGPS-system, thereby eliminating the need for additional reference stations to achieve DGPS-quality.
  • the transmitters of GPS-like signals are stationary and that the receiver unit for these signals are installed on sports players and objects.
  • the described utilization of the inventions DGPS-like technology in sports applications is however also achievable after the opposite principle; i.e. the transmitters of GPS-like signals are installed on sports players and objects, and the receivers for these signals are fixed installed on the sports arena.
  • the described network of transmitters and receivers is operated in a similar way as a GPS-system but instead of operating in the regular GPS band around 1.5 GHz, the system according to the invention operates in frequency bands which are generally free on a global basis (f. ex. 2,4 GHz) assuming transmitted power less than 100 mW.
  • the same band is used in the necessary radio communication in the network consisting of the central unit and the fixed and mobile units. Use of this higher frequency band further facilitates the use of smaller antennas; an important factor for the design of the mobile units where weight and volume of the equipment is critical and must be miniaturized without jeopardizing accuracy and integrity. Further, possible conflict and interference with the 1.5 GHz GPS-band is avoided.
  • the procedure and system according to the invention have a number of advantages:
  • the proposed GPS-like technology to be used in transmitters/receivers ensures that we take advantage of the advances in the most accurate of known positioning systems: DGPS.
  • multi-path-error is reduced with the local area operation avoiding the long signal path from space, since percentual differences of direct and reflected waves becomes bigger and therefore easier to eliminate in software.
  • signal/noise ratio is greatly increased and optimal geometry is assured when defining the intersection point for the lines between the GPS- like transmitters and the receivers (i.e.
  • the huge reduction in distance between transmitters and receivers as compared to a traditional GPS system results in a much higher signal/noise-ratio compared with traditional GPS, even though radiated power are lower. This, and the increased frequency, simplifies antenna design.
  • the antennas for the GPS-like signals as well as the radio signals may be integrated with the players clothing and and/or protective equipment and/or sports objects. A unit will be installed inside the ball with the antenna(s) distributed and attached inside as appropriate.
  • the positions are sampled at a optional rate up to at least 20 Hz.
  • software may be applied to integrated processor of the mobile units, which from the change of position of the last sample estimate the need of reporting the position to the central unit. For example if the player stands still, fewer data may be transmitted than when he runs.
  • Software is installed on the central unit to perform a number of necessary functions.
  • first step position data is read. These data are received via radio signals from the GPS-like, fixed transmitters and mobile units in a receiver on the central unit.
  • the radio receiver may be connected to for example the RS-232 port of the central units.
  • the software for reading the incoming data may be written in a known protocol format such as for example TestPoint or LabView.
  • next step position accuracy may improved by for example using known software similar to that which is used in inverse DGPS calculation. This position improvement may however alternatively be done in the onboard processor on the mobile units. For use within soccer for example, it is necessary to decide if a player has touched the ball and with which foot or head.
  • This may be determined in software by judging the momentary distances between ball and body parts and the balls acceleration. This determination may be done in software exclusively by position data input, or in combination with input to the central unit from sensors reporting ball acceleration. It may be used the same type of radio transmitter and frequency band as the one used for the position determination.
  • One intention with these additional features is to provide an opportunity to show a new and more realistic interaction between living creatures, primarily humans, and virtual environments.
  • Each of the sensors may to a certain extent be described as functional development of the data-mouse. While the mouse represents a one-sided two- dimensional interface between human and data program, the sensor system represents a dramatically expanded 3-dimensional and multi faceted interface.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the system according to the present invention.
  • the system is shown as an example for use in soccer without thereby limiting the use to exclude also other sports applications.
  • the fundamental functioning of the procedure according to the invention may be the same.
  • the main elements in the equipment is a number of transmitters 1 (for example 4) sending GPS-like signals in the 2,4 GHz band.
  • the transmitters have antennas 2 fixed in exact surveyed positions at the arena.
  • mobile units 3 with receivers 13 for the GPS-like signals are installed on players and ball.
  • receivers 13 with antennas 4 and batteries 5 may for example be mounted on each player and one on the ball.
  • the transmitter 6 with antenna 7 in the mobile unit 3 may be a radio transceiver for approximately the same frequency band as indicated above and be connected with a miniature data processor 8.
  • to- way communication may be performed between fixed units 1, mobile units 3 and central unit 20 so that data from the mobile units 3 are processed in the data processor 8 for determining for example position parameters before these data are transferred to the central unit 20 and possible signals are sent from the central unit 20 to the mobile units 3 for acquisition of such and other information.
  • Subsequent correction of position data from the mobile units 3 and position data from the fixed units 1 may be done in a data processor 1 1 in the central unit 20.
  • Antennas 4 and 7 may be combined in one.
  • the central unit 20 is installed in an appropriate place on the arena for reception of GPS-like data (position and other relevant parameters) from the fixed and mobile units 3 via integrated transceiver or transmitter 6.
  • the central unit 20 receives these data through a multi channel radio transceiver 9 via an antenna 10.
  • the central unit's 20 transceiver 9 may have output facilities connected to appropriate data input facilities 12, for example RS-232 port, on the central unit, possibly via a multiplexer whereupon the data are read into the data processor 11 for further processing, storage and presentation.
  • media such as for example TV 14 for integration in TV-broadcasts visualized in an appropriate form and overlaid the TV-images.
  • the viewer may do the various statistics and visualizations interactively.
  • Similar data may be transferred from the central unit 20 to Internet 15 where appropriate visualizations and statistics may be made available.
  • data from the central unit 20 may be used as basic parameters for analysis program 21, which visualizes the required parameters for coaches and players.
  • data from the central unit may form the basis in a digital visual presentation of players and ball in a 3-dimensional environment in order to provide total coverage of the game over the whole arena and with optional angle of view. This is an improvement over today's technology, which allows only sector coverage assuming a reasonable number of TV-cameras.
  • data from the central unit may form the basis for a simulation of alternative game proceedings with a starting point in any chosen registered situation or event.
  • the central unit may via a transceiver 16, give guidance information to cameras 17 with radio transceiver 18, camera sight and servo control 19 so that the cameras may be automatically guided, using position data, to track chosen events, individuals or objects.
  • a transceiver 16 may give guidance information to cameras 17 with radio transceiver 18, camera sight and servo control 19 so that the cameras may be automatically guided, using position data, to track chosen events, individuals or objects.
  • Criteria for zoom and interactive choice of which camera one wishes to project may be a software feature. With interactive TV, the viewers may do such choice of camera interactively.
  • the sensors may primarily register the exact position of the limbs in a 3 dimensional environment, but also register other data such as pulse, temperature, level of stress etc and report this to stationary receivers in a system of the kind mentioned in the preceding.
  • the virtual environment may contain creatures, objects and surroundings, generated on a data processor by 2D/3D-graphics and visualized on a suitable monitor.
  • the present invention may be used to significantly improve today's system.
  • the sensors are expected to have position accuracy better than 1 cm (compared to 10 cm on a sports arena).
  • Placing high precision position sensors on cameras and people (torso/hands/feet) and having receivers installed in the studio according to the invention as described, makes it possible to integrate virtual objects and physical people in the picture which is visualized on the monitor, and which may be transmitted to the viewers, in a manner which is much more flexible and advanced than today.
  • the participants will have full freedom of movement within their surroundings and not be bound to designated positions as the case is today. Further, objects and props may be integrated in a way that has so far not been possible
  • Game-shows and computer games where the participants compete in reaction or motoric inspired competitions. This may be to catch or manipulate virtual objects with their hands.
  • the participants carry sensors on their fingers/hands and relate to virtual objects as they are seen on a monitor, where they also see themselves.
  • Such games may with the system according to the present invention gain new realism and new applications as the player in his home environment carries sensors on his hands/ feet/head/torso and alternatively, but not necessarily, sensors are attached to sports objects as a tennis racket etc. depending on what may be relevant for the game in question.
  • the signals from the sensors are communicated to, and processed in, a computer according to the present invention where they are integrated into the appropriate game software. This assumes a priori surveying of a position network in the player's home environment.
  • a wide range of sports relations may be carried out in this application according to the invention, such as:
  • the advertisement may in a known manner be animated. It may further be made selectively available, for instance with relation to language, and distributed selectively on a geographic basis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de fourniture d'informations qui peuvent être utilisées dans des jeux, aux fins d'arbitrage du jeu en fonction des règles de ce jeu, et/ou pour augmenter le plaisir du spectateur et de l'observateur d'un reportage, par fourniture à ce dernier de statistiques et/ou visualisation d'événements se déroulant, par exemple, dans des stades de sport, et utilisation des informations. Ce système comprend un système de positionnement local comportant au moins trois unités émettrices (1) servant à émettre des signaux du type GPS, ainsi que des unités mobiles (3) destinées à recevoir ces signaux. Une unité mobile (3), au moins, est montée sur un joueur et/ou sur le matériel de sport, et elle comprend un processeur de données (8) destiné à traiter les signaux du type GPS d'une manière connue en soi, aux fins de fourniture de paramètres de position. Ce système comprend en outre une unité centrale (20) dotée d'un processeur de données (11) dans lequel les paramètres de position, transférés à partir des unités mobiles (3), sont traités, aux fins de traitement, stockage, commande et/ou présentation de données, ultérieurs.
PCT/NO2000/000259 1999-08-09 2000-08-08 Procede et systeme de fourniture d'informations utiles dans l'arbitrage d'un jeu et avantageux pour les spectateurs WO2001010517A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU64843/00A AU6484300A (en) 1999-08-09 2000-08-08 Method and system for providing information for use in judging a game and for the benefit of the viewers
EP00952083A EP1210151A1 (fr) 1999-08-09 2000-08-08 Procede et systeme de fourniture d'informations utiles dans l'arbitrage d'un jeu et avantageux pour les spectateurs
US11/061,505 US20050159252A1 (en) 1999-08-09 2005-02-22 System providing location information in a sports game

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO19993830 1999-08-09
NO19993830A NO312267B1 (no) 1999-08-09 1999-08-09 System for å automatisk detektere og varsle regelbrudd i spill hvor en eller flere spillere og et eller flere objekt er ibevegelse, f.eks. offside i fotball
NO20001024A NO312268B1 (no) 1999-08-09 2000-02-29 Fremgangsmåte og system for å tilveiebringe informasjon
NO20001024 2000-02-29

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/061,505 Continuation US20050159252A1 (en) 1999-08-09 2005-02-22 System providing location information in a sports game

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001010517A1 true WO2001010517A1 (fr) 2001-02-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2000/000259 WO2001010517A1 (fr) 1999-08-09 2000-08-08 Procede et systeme de fourniture d'informations utiles dans l'arbitrage d'un jeu et avantageux pour les spectateurs

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20050159252A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1210151A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6484300A (fr)
NO (1) NO312268B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001010517A1 (fr)

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EP1477825A1 (fr) * 2003-05-16 2004-11-17 Benoit Dubouloz Procédé et système pour la determination de la trajectoire et de la position d'un mobile avec un émetteur-récepteur
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WO2013041124A1 (fr) * 2011-09-20 2013-03-28 Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg Système et procédé pour détecter un état dépendant de l'utilisateur d'un article de sport
US8675073B2 (en) 2001-11-08 2014-03-18 Kenneth Joseph Aagaard Video system and methods for operating a video system

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US20050159252A1 (en) 2005-07-21
AU6484300A (en) 2001-03-05
EP1210151A1 (fr) 2002-06-05

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