WO2001006578A2 - Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity - Google Patents

Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001006578A2
WO2001006578A2 PCT/US2000/019348 US0019348W WO0106578A2 WO 2001006578 A2 WO2001006578 A2 WO 2001006578A2 US 0019348 W US0019348 W US 0019348W WO 0106578 A2 WO0106578 A2 WO 0106578A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
electrode
utilizing
active material
onto
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/019348
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001006578A3 (en
Inventor
Tsukamoto Hisashi
Sintuu Chananit
Original Assignee
Quallion, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Quallion, Llc filed Critical Quallion, Llc
Priority to US10/031,022 priority Critical patent/US6761744B1/en
Priority to AU61027/00A priority patent/AU6102700A/en
Publication of WO2001006578A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001006578A2/en
Publication of WO2001006578A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001006578A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0414—Methods of deposition of the material by screen printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing
  • irreversible capacity may be due to additional reasons, for example, cavities in the active material of the electrode structure may need to be initially filled
  • lithium ions before lithium ion insertion can proceed.
  • the present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for
  • deposited lithium serves to form the initial SEI layer before cycling to thus
  • a typical electrode structure is comprised of a conducting metal
  • negative electrode consists of a copper substrate coated with a mixture of
  • PVDF polyvinyl di-fluoride
  • a lithium layer is deposited onto or into the
  • lithium metal is first
  • the carrier preferably comprises a long strip of plastic
  • the substrate could be one of several materials such as
  • ortho-polypropylene OPP
  • PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
  • Lithium metal can be deposited onto
  • Lithium is transferred onto or into the electrode active material by
  • rollers or plates are heated in vacuum to about 120°C, or within the range of 25°C to 350°C.
  • a pressure of 50 kg/cm 2 to 600 kg/cm 2 is applied to the rollers.
  • roller pair or the plate pair is in the range of 10 cm/min. to 5 m/min.
  • the method could be used for either single-sided coating or double-sided coating.
  • both sides of the metal In the double-sided coating method, both sides of the metal
  • the coated metal substrate are coated with active material.
  • the coated metal substrate is
  • the electrode structure i.e., the coated metal substrate.
  • the thickness of lithium transferred onto the electrode structure can be any thickness of lithium transferred onto the electrode structure.
  • Figure 1 shows the electrode structure coated with active material
  • Figure 2 shows the structure of the film of lithium metal deposited
  • Figure 3A shows the roller pair system that will be used to transfer
  • Figure 3B shows the plate pair system that will be used to transfer
  • Figure 4 shows the first cycle of an example negative electrode, a
  • SiO nano-composite electrode that has not been laminated with lithium.
  • the objective of this invention is to significantly reduce the
  • Lithium is transferred to the electrode by lamination of lithium metal onto or into an
  • This electrode structure has a metal conducting layer coated with an active material.
  • an active material for example, negative active
  • the lamination of lithium metal onto or into the electrode structure will reduce the amount
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of an electrode (100), having a lithium coating (101 ) in accordance with the present invention.
  • substrate (103) for negative electrodes is usually copper foil but other
  • types of material such as a copper-plated polymer may be used.
  • the substrate should not react with lithium
  • the metal of the electrode may be coated with, for example, a mixture of graphite and silicon oxide (102). A suitable mixture of about
  • lithium metal ( Figure 2, 201 ) In order to laminate lithium metal ( Figure 2, 201 ) to the electrode (100), the lithium (201 ) is deposited onto a carrier (202), which is then
  • the carrier preferably comprises a long strip of plastic substrate.
  • FIG. 3A details the process in which lithium will be transferred
  • rollers or plates In addition, pressure will be applied to the rollers
  • the lithium metal (201 ) will be laminated onto or into the
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the first cycle of a SiO nano-composite cell that has not been initially laminated with lithium metal. If the discharge curve is transposed along an imaginary axis, it is clear that there is a large initial irreversible capacity that must be reduced in order to increase battery capacity. While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and various could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Lithium is laminated onto or into an electrode structure comprising a metal conducting layer with an active material mixture of, for example, a nano-composite of silicon monoxide, together with graphite and a binder, such as polyvinyl di-fluoride (PVDF). The lamination of lithium metal onto or into the electrode structure will reduce the amount of irreversible capacity by readily supplying a sufficient amount of lithium ions to form the initial solid electrolyte interface. In order to laminate lithium metal onto or into the negative electrode, the lithium is first deposited onto a carrier, which is then used to laminate the lithium metal onto or into the electrode structure. The next step is placing the coated electrode material and the lithium-deposited plastic between two rollers or two plates. The rollers or plates are heated to about 120° C or within the range of 25° C to 250° C. A pressure of 50 kg/cm2 to 600 kg/cm2 is applied to the rollers. The speed of movement of the materials through the roller pair or the plate pair is in the range of 10 cm/min to 5 m/min. The method can be used for either single-sided or double-sided coating. Using this technology alone, the battery capacity can increase by 7% to 15%.

Description

LITHIUM THIN FILM LAMINATION TECHNOLOGY ON ELECTRODE
IQ INCREASE BATTERY CAPACITY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing
the irreversible capacity of a rechargeable battery, in particular lithium ion
batteries, in order to increase the battery's overall energy storage capacity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Batteries typically exhibit irreversible capacities afterthe initial
cycle of charging. The significant capacity lost in the first cycle results in a loss in overall battery storage capacity. The irreversible capacity is due to the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer in typical negative
electrodes from the first cycle of charging. However, other forms of
irreversible capacity may be due to additional reasons, for example, cavities in the active material of the electrode structure may need to be initially filled
with lithium ions before lithium ion insertion can proceed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for
reducing the irreversible capacity of a lithium ion battery by initially
depositing a layer of lithium metal onto or into the electrode structure. The
deposited lithium serves to form the initial SEI layer before cycling to thus
reduce the amount of irreversible capacity and increase the overall battery storage capacity.
A typical electrode structure is comprised of a conducting metal
substrate coated with an active material mixture. For example, a typical
negative electrode consists of a copper substrate coated with a mixture of
graphite and a binder such as polyvinyl di-fluoride (PVDF). In accordance
with the present invention, a lithium layer is deposited onto or into the
electrode active material to reduce the amount of irreversible capacity by
filling voids in the active material that do not participate in the reversible
lithium ion insertion process.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, lithium metal is first
deposited onto a carrier, which is then used to transfer the lithium metal
to the electrode structure by the application of heat, vacuum, and/or
pressure. The carrier preferably comprises a long strip of plastic
substrate that is preferable for a continuous transfer of lithium onto or into
the electrode. In addition, this approach lends itself to commercial
production. The substrate could be one of several materials such as
ortho-polypropylene (OPP), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET),
polyimide, or other type of plastic. Lithium metal can be deposited onto
or into one or both surfaces of the substrate. The lithium-coated plastic
and the electrode material are then placed between two rollers or two
plates. Lithium is transferred onto or into the electrode active material by
applying heat and/or pressure in vacuum. The rollers or plates are heated in vacuum to about 120°C, or within the range of 25°C to 350°C.
A pressure of 50 kg/cm2 to 600 kg/cm2 is applied to the rollers. Similarly,
in the case of two plates, a pressure of 50 kg/cm2 to 600 kg/cm2 is applied to the sheets of material between them.
The speed of movement of the carrier electrode material through the
roller pair or the plate pair is in the range of 10 cm/min. to 5 m/min. For a
given speed, the length of time the materials are exposed to the heat and
pressure rollers, or alternatively the heat and pressure plates, will be
fixed, depending only on the lengthwise distance of the plate along the
direction of the material movement. For the roller pair, deformation of the rollers results in distance in the direction of travel of the material, which
adds to the actual contact time of pressure and temperature application. The method could be used for either single-sided coating or double-sided coating. In the double-sided coating method, both sides of the metal
substrate are coated with active material. The coated metal substrate is
then sandwiched between two lithium-coated plastic carriers, with the lithium sides facing the active material on the coated metal substrate. All
three sheets are then fed into a mechanism for applying heat and/or
pressure in vacuum. As a result, lithium is transferred to both sides of
the electrode structure, i.e., the coated metal substrate.
The thickness of lithium transferred onto the electrode structure can be
controlled to produce a lithium coating between about 50 Angstroms and 0.3 millimeters. Using this technology, it is expected to increase a lithium
ion battery capacity by about 7% to 15%.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other features and advantages of the invention will
be more apparent from the following detailed description wherein:
Figure 1 shows the electrode structure coated with active material;
Figure 2 shows the structure of the film of lithium metal deposited
on the plastic substrate;
Figure 3A shows the roller pair system that will be used to transfer
the lithium from the carrier to the electrode by applying heat and pressure
in vacuum;
Figure 3B shows the plate pair system that will be used to transfer
the lithium from the carrier to the electrode by applying heat and/or
pressure in a vacuum atmosphere;
Figure 4 shows the first cycle of an example negative electrode, a
SiO nano-composite electrode that has not been laminated with lithium.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following text describes the preferred mode presently
contemplated for carrying out the invention and is not intended to
describe all possible modifications and variations consistent with the
spirit and purpose of the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is merely made for the purpose of describing the
general principles and preferred manner of practicing the invention. The
scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.
The objective of this invention is to significantly reduce the
irreversible capacity produced mainly from the first cycle life of the active
material of an electrode. A reduction in the irreversible capacity will ultimately lead to an overall increase in battery capacity. Lithium is transferred to the electrode by lamination of lithium metal onto or into an
electrode structure. This electrode structure has a metal conducting layer coated with an active material. For example, negative active
material is typically a mixture of graphite and PVDF. The lamination of lithium metal onto or into the electrode structure will reduce the amount
of irreversible capacity by readily supplying sufficient lithium to fill any voids in the active material, which do not participate in the reversible
lithium insertion process.
Figure 1 shows the structure of an electrode (100), having a lithium coating (101 ) in accordance with the present invention. The
substrate (103) for negative electrodes is usually copper foil but other
types of material such as a copper-plated polymer may be used.
However, it must be noted that the substrate should not react with lithium
metal, which is why copper is most often used as the negative electrode substrate. The metal of the electrode may be coated with, for example, a mixture of graphite and silicon oxide (102). A suitable mixture of about
20% SiO nano-composite and 80% graphite for a negative electrode has
an ability to create a capacity of about 500 mAh/g as compared to
graphite's theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. This results in a significant
increase in the rechargeable capacity. However, such a mixture also has significant irreversible capacity, making the present invention greatly
beneficial for such an electrode.
In order to laminate lithium metal (Figure 2, 201 ) to the electrode (100), the lithium (201 ) is deposited onto a carrier (202), which is then
used to apply the lithium metal to the electrode structure. The carrier preferably comprises a long strip of plastic substrate.
Figure 3A details the process in which lithium will be transferred
from the carrier substrate to the electrode. The left side of the figure is
prior to lithium printing, while the right side is after lithium printing. The
preferred embodiment consists of two rollers (305) or plates (Figure 3B,
306) with lithium plus carrier substrate (301 ) placed between the two
rollers or plates. In addition, pressure will be applied to the rollers
(Figure 3A, 305), or plates (Figure 3B, 306) and as the electrode (303) and lithium-deposited carrier substrate (301 ) move through the rollers
(304), or plates, the lithium metal (201 ) will be laminated onto or into the
electrode (100). Figure 4 is a graph of the first cycle of a SiO nano-composite cell that has not been initially laminated with lithium metal. If the discharge curve is transposed along an imaginary axis, it is clear that there is a large initial irreversible capacity that must be reduced in order to increase battery capacity. While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and various could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1 . A method to laminate lithium onto an electrode comprising the steps of:
(a) utilizing an electrode structure coated with active material consisting of, as a negative electrode example, a mixture of graphite and a binder;
(b) utilizing lithium coated plastic sheet where in said plastic sheet is selected from the group consisting of oriented polypropylene (OPP) polyethylene Terephthalate, and polyimide; (c) pressing the said electrode material and said lithium coated material together using a pair of pressing structures;
(d) applying pressure and heat in vacuum to said materials while they are pressed together by said pressing structures;
(e) moving said materials though the pressing structures while applying continuous pressure and heat to said materials as they move through said pressing structures.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of utilizing the said laminated electrode in lithium or lithium ion batteries.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of utilizing a pair of rollers as the pressing structures.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of utilizing a pair of plates as the pressing structures.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of applying heat in a vacuum atmosphere by utilizing said pressing structures at a temperature within the range 25°C to 250°C.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of applying pressure in the range of 50 kg/cm2 to 600 kg/cm2 utilizing said pressure structures.
7. A method for increasing the storage capacity of a lithium ion battery including the steps of:
(a) providing an electrode structure comprised of a metal substrate coated with active material; and (b) depositing lithium onto or into said active material to reduce cavities therein.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said depositing step includes:
(a) providing a sheet carrier bearing a layer of lithium metal; and (b) pressing said layer of lithium metal against said active material to transfer lithium onto or into said active material.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said depositing step further includes:
(a) applying heat and/or pressure in vacuum to said carrier and/or said electrode structure to facilitate transfer of said lithium.
PCT/US2000/019348 1999-07-16 2000-07-14 Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity WO2001006578A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/031,022 US6761744B1 (en) 1999-07-16 2000-07-14 Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity
AU61027/00A AU6102700A (en) 1999-07-16 2000-07-14 Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14414699P 1999-07-16 1999-07-16
US60/144,146 1999-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001006578A2 true WO2001006578A2 (en) 2001-01-25
WO2001006578A3 WO2001006578A3 (en) 2001-10-11

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6761744B1 (en) 1999-07-16 2004-07-13 Quallion Llc Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity
EP1675207A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-28 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Structured electrolyte for microbattery
FR2880198A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique Device for the storage of energy using a nanostructured electrode, for the fabrication of micro- batteries with improved life and stability
US8445137B1 (en) 2002-11-27 2013-05-21 Quallion Llc Primary battery having sloped voltage decay
WO2016207722A1 (en) 2015-06-22 2016-12-29 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Lithium batteries, anodes, and methods of anode fabrication

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL112907A (en) * 1995-03-07 2000-08-31 Univ Ramot Lithium batteries having an anode with solid electrolyte interface
CA2203490A1 (en) * 1997-04-23 1998-10-23 Hydro-Quebec Ultra-thin solid lithium batteries and manufacturing process
JPH10302839A (en) * 1997-04-25 1998-11-13 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, its separator, and their manufacture
DE19839244A1 (en) * 1997-08-30 1999-03-18 Samsung Display Devices Co Ltd Electrolyte for lithium ion battery
JP3899614B2 (en) * 1997-10-01 2007-03-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Method for manufacturing lithium ion secondary battery

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6761744B1 (en) 1999-07-16 2004-07-13 Quallion Llc Lithium thin film lamination technology on electrode to increase battery capacity
US8445137B1 (en) 2002-11-27 2013-05-21 Quallion Llc Primary battery having sloped voltage decay
EP1675207A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-28 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Structured electrolyte for microbattery
FR2880198A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique Device for the storage of energy using a nanostructured electrode, for the fabrication of micro- batteries with improved life and stability
FR2880197A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique ELECTROLYTE STRUCTURE FOR MICROBATTERY
WO2006070158A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-07-06 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Nanostructured electrode for a micro-battery
CN100452503C (en) * 2004-12-23 2009-01-14 法国原子能委员会 Structured electrolyte for microbattery
US7829225B2 (en) 2004-12-23 2010-11-09 Commissariat a l′Energie Atomique Nanostructured electrode for a microbattery
US7939195B2 (en) 2004-12-23 2011-05-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Structured electrolyte for micro-battery
WO2016207722A1 (en) 2015-06-22 2016-12-29 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Lithium batteries, anodes, and methods of anode fabrication
US10840539B2 (en) 2015-06-22 2020-11-17 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Lithium batteries, anodes, and methods of anode fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6102700A (en) 2001-02-05
WO2001006578A3 (en) 2001-10-11

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