WO2001006245A1 - Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs - Google Patents

Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001006245A1
WO2001006245A1 PCT/GB2000/002665 GB0002665W WO0106245A1 WO 2001006245 A1 WO2001006245 A1 WO 2001006245A1 GB 0002665 W GB0002665 W GB 0002665W WO 0106245 A1 WO0106245 A1 WO 0106245A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor device
membrane
vinylpyridine
poly
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/002665
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pankaj Madganlal Vadgama
Keith Stewart Robert Warriner
Geoffrey Lillie
Original Assignee
Iit Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iit Limited filed Critical Iit Limited
Priority to CA002379582A priority Critical patent/CA2379582A1/fr
Priority to AU59976/00A priority patent/AU5997600A/en
Priority to JP2001510833A priority patent/JP2003504639A/ja
Priority to EP00946089A priority patent/EP1196767A1/fr
Publication of WO2001006245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001006245A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/002—Electrode membranes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to new polymeric compositions, and more particularly to polymeric compositions having improved anti-fouling properties which make them useful for surface coatings but especially for semi-permeable membranes and analytical sensor devices containing them.
  • Bio-compatibility can be required in many products, as diverse as contact lenses and working surfaces, but we have found it to be especially troublesome in the field of sensor devices for use in the analysis of biological media. For this reason, the description in this specification deals in greatest detail with sensor devices and their use, but most of the detail we describe is applicable also to the many other uses and products which call for bio- compatibility.
  • glucose is particularly important, as this compound is a vitally important component of biological systems and media, for example blood, and also a common component of industrial media. Consequently, there is a great demand for reliable sensor devices for monitoring the sugar (glucose) content of a wide variety of samples .
  • membrane materials have been proposed and some are widely used (e.g. polycarbonate and surfactant-modified cellulose acetate) but, though these can be suitable for a majority of uses, they are subject to irreversible fouling when exposed to complex sample matrices. This results in a membrane or barrier, when fouled, reducing the amounts of solute able to pass through it satisfactorily and consequently that conventional membranes tend to have a short operating life when the sample under examination contains appreciable amounts of materials of high molecular weight, etc., and there is a strong need for a form of membrane or barrier which is more resistant to this fouling effect .
  • polycarbonate and surfactant-modified cellulose acetate e.g. polycarbonate and surfactant-modified cellulose acetate
  • the impermeable polymer and PVP are preferably mixed intimately, to achieve uniformity of behaviour throughout it and avoid undesirable irregularities.
  • an improved sensor device comprising means for detecting components present in fluid samples and providing an output representative of the content of said component and a permeable membrane interposed between the detecting means and a sample to be examined, characterised in that the membrane is made of a composition containing an impermeable polymer and a poly-vinylpyridine (“PVP”) .
  • PVP poly-vinylpyridine
  • the impermeable polymer component may be any of various polymers and polymer compositions, for example polymers and copolymers of halogenated monomers (e.g. one or more of the halogenated hydrocarbon monomers, especially chlorinated derivatives of ethylene) , polyaryl or polyarylether sulphones, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, cellulose, cellulosic materials, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
  • halogenated monomers e.g. one or more of the halogenated hydrocarbon monomers, especially chlorinated derivatives of ethylene
  • polyaryl or polyarylether sulphones e.g. one or more of the halogenated hydrocarbon monomers, especially chlorinated derivatives of ethylene
  • polyaryl or polyarylether sulphones e.g. one or more of the halogenated hydrocarbon monomers, especially chlorinated derivatives of ethylene
  • the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may be any polymer of vinyl chloride, as for example those made and available commercially.
  • the molecular weight of the PVC is relatively non-critical to the present invention; most commercial grades can be used satisfactorily, and the grade most appropriate for any particular use can be determined readily by simple trial .
  • a typical and convenient molecular weight is in the range 10,000 to 200,000 but products outside this range and mixtures of different molecular weight materials may be used if desired.
  • the polyaryl sulphone may be a sulphonated or an un-sulphonated material, or a mixture of two or more thereof. It may be used in a variety of forms, for example a product comprising mainly one structure fitting the description "polyaryl sulphone" or it may be a mixture of such components having different structure or molecular configuration characteristics. Conveniently, it may be a commercially available product .
  • the polyaryl sulphone may be, for example, any of those compounds disclosed and more fully described in European Patent No. 225094, referred to therein as "sulphonated or un-sulphonated polyaryl sulphones" and, in abbreviated form, as "PAS.” These are described as polymers containing repeating units of the general formula -(-Ar-Y-)- wherein Ar represents a divalent aromatic radical and optionally, but preferably, at least some of the Ar groups are sulphonated, and Y represents -S0 2 -.
  • the group ar is preferably a group containing at least two aromatic rings fused together or linked together by a direct bond or linked together by an aliphatic group, an oxygen atom or sulphur atom or a sulphone group.
  • the details and disclosures of that European patent concerning the sulphone polymers is incorporated herein by reference, including the statement that some of the said polymers or copolymers are disclosed in and can be made by methods described in European Patent No. 8894.
  • polymers can vary according to the particular use or environment in which it is to be used, but the choice can be made readily by simple trial .
  • the preferred impermeable polymer is polyvinyl chloride ("PVC") but other polymers may be used in place of PVC.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the impermeable polymer is conveniently referred to as a "support” polymer because the PVP serves as an additive and cannot achieve the desired result alone.
  • an improved sensor device comprising means for detecting components present in fluid samples and providing an output representative of the content of said component and a permeable membrane interposed between the detecting means and a sample to be examined, characterised in that the membrane is made of a composition containing polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”) and a poly-vinylpyridine (“PVP”) .
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PVP poly-vinylpyridine
  • novel compositions of our invention can be made in any desired form, but a particularly useful form is that of a membrane .
  • compositions of our invention can be in any appropriate form - most commonly and conveniently as a coating, which may be attached to the surface of a polymer article or product by conventional means . This attachment can be done most conveniently by deposition from a solution of our composition in a solvent and then removing the solvent by evaporation.
  • the detecting means is most conveniently of one of an electrochemical nature, but other types (e.g. optical or spectrophotometric detecting systems) may be used if desired.
  • the preferred detecting means is an electrolytic detection device. This usually comprises an active electrode operating in a liquid or gel phase electrolyte- containing medium. In most applications the electrolyte will be aqueous (i.e. aqueous or aqueous-based) and may be provided by the sample by diffusion, but the use of non- aqueous electrolyte media (for example organic-based media) is not excluded.
  • the active electrode may be any of those known in the art, for example a metal electrode, but especially an electrode made of platinum. Usually the active electrode will function as an anode. This is most conveniently made or used in combination with a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, as for example in the so-called Clark electrode, which commonly comprises a platinum electrode surrounded by a silver/silver chloride ring.
  • the system may, if desired, contain an enzyme which can act to convert one analyte into another, for ease of detection.
  • the invention is especially useful for electrolytic analysis procedures, as discussed above.
  • these membrane compositions may be used in conjunction with additional materials, especially membranes made of other materials, for example as multi-layer membrane products - provided that at least one layer is formed of the composition of polyvinyl chloride and poly- vinylpyridine .
  • additional layers of other materials may be used to add further desirable properties to those of the PVC/PVP (polyvinyl chloride/poly-vinylpyridine) composition of the present invention.
  • Such materials may be of appropriate selective permeability to regulate the access of components before or after passage through the composition of polyvinyl chloride and poly-vinylpyridine, and/or have a physical form or strength which protects the composition of polyvinyl chloride and poly-vinylpyridine from damage or provides it with any desired degree of stability of shape or positioning in use.
  • the sensor device and method of our invention may be applied to the analysis of samples for the detection or determination of a variety of analyte compounds, especially low molecular weight, non-volatile substrates, for example sugars and neutral phenols.
  • This improved membrane material according to the present invention is especially applicable to sensor devices and methods of analysis for the monitoring, measurement and assessment of biological media in which glucose is present, for example blood and other biological (e.g. bodily) fluids, because it has good permeability towards glucose.
  • the working electrode may be any of those known in the art as useful for electrolytic analytical work, especially those functioning by electrolytic oxidation (i.e. as anodes) .
  • Such an electrode may be made of any material with an electrochemically active surface, for example any of those used in electrochemical analysis where the surface is electrochemically polarised.
  • the electrode may be in any conventional form, for example sheet or wire, or as a coating deposited upon a substrate .
  • the modes of using the sensor device may be any of those conventionally used with the electrode system employed.
  • glucose oxidase has been used because it catalyses oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid -- producing hydrogen peroxide via oxygen reduction.
  • the hydrogen peroxide is very readily and conveniently determined electrolytically .
  • the preferred electrode material for use in direct electrolytic measurements of glucose is platinum, but other forms and materials known for use as sensors may be used if desired, and may be chosen according to the particular analyte and system concerned.
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a well known material, and may be made by polymerising vinyl chloride.
  • the forms used for making the compositions for the composite membrane in this invention may be be any polymer of vinyl chloride, and are preferably those made and available commercially. These products may include co-polymers.
  • the PVC should be free from any added plasticiser (an additive ingredient which is often present in commercial products intended for uses such as moulding) .
  • a commercially used plasticiser is not necessarily harmful and can be tolerated if it does not interfere unduly with the properties of the mixed PVC/PVP polymer compositions.
  • a commercial plasticiser is not required and it is easier to control the properties of the PVC/PVP composition if one does not have to make allowance for the possible effects of any commercially added ingredient - the nature of which may not be known or declared by the supplier of the PVC.
  • PVC polymers are readily obtainable in commerce, however, and it is necessary only for the quality and purity of any polymer to be checked, whether by its specification or labelling.
  • the molecular weight of the PVC is relatively non-critical, and most commercial grades will be satisfactory in use.
  • a typical molecular weight is in the range 10,000 to 200,000, but others may be used if desired.
  • the poly-vinylpyridine may be made from a vinylpyridine using polymerisation techniques known in the art, for by example chemical or electrochemical polymerisation of the vinylpyridine monomer. However, as the product is available commercially, it will usually be most convenient to obtain it from commercial suppliers.
  • the vinylpyridine from which the poly-vinylpyridine is derived may be any compound containing a pyridine nucleus and a vinyl substituent, i.e. any pyridine containing a vinyl substituent. Most conveniently it is a mono-vinyl- pyridine, and usually 4 -vinylpyridine is the one most accessible.
  • compositions of PVC and poly-vinylpyridine can be made by conventional methods known in the art, using any technique known to be suitable for securing an intimate mixing of the two components.
  • a preferred method comprises thorough mixing - especially in the presence of a mutual solvent.
  • the appropriate solvent, or solvent mixture may be chosen with regard for the known solvents for the components and their compatibility.
  • Mixing can be carried out by other techniques, for example milling - either dry or with solvent/sof eners, heat, or the like - provided that it can achieve sufficiently intimate blending of the two component polymers.
  • the proportions of the PVC and poly-vinylpyridine may vary over a range and thereby enable the properties of the membrane composition to be adjusted to suit individual requirements.
  • a convenient proportion is 1 part of PVC for each part of poly-vinylpyridine, by weight, but this is not strictly necessary and suitable proportions of the poly- vinylpyridine may be in the range 20 to 80% (calculated on the total composition) .
  • the composition may be made into membranes by any of the known and conventional methods. Most conveniently, this can be done by solution casting techniques, using solvents which dissolve the component polymers (separately or as the mixed composition) and then spreading the solution on a plate or flat surface and allowing the solvent to evaporate .
  • a convenient solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF) , but other solvents or mixtures of solvents which are known to be able to dissolve the component polymers (especially the PVC) may be used if desired.
  • Solvent casting can be a convenient way for combining the mixing and the membrane- forming steps .
  • the thickness of the membranes can be of the order already used conventionally in the art, but may be varied as found most appropriate having regard for the particular mixed polymer composition being used and the conditions under which it is to be used. Thus a convenient thickness is in the range 1 to 50 /urn, though larger or smaller thicknesses can be used if desired.
  • the mode of electrolytic analysis used to carry out the method of our invention is commonly amperometric analysis, which is well known and used in the art, for example when an enzyme electrode (i.e. containing glucose oxidase) is used to act upon glucose and produce hydrogen peroxide which is then detected at the electrode as an indirect measure of the glucose content of a sample.
  • an enzyme electrode i.e. containing glucose oxidase
  • hydrogen peroxide which is then detected at the electrode as an indirect measure of the glucose content of a sample.
  • other known modes of analytical measurement may be used for determination of appropriate analytes - for example pulsed amperometric determination (commonly known as "PAD”) may be used for the direct determination of glucose without the mediation of an enzyme.
  • PAD pulsed amperometric determination
  • the sensor device of our invention can have a single membrane or, if desired, be made up of multiple layers of membrane material .
  • multiple layers of membrane these may be the same or different.
  • Sensor devices of the electrolytic (amperometric) type are often used for examination of biological fluids for example blood, urine, and the like. It happens that these biological fluids contain a number of interferents which -- even though their identity has not yet been established in all instances have the ability to interfere with the detection and determination of selected analyte components, especially (but not limited to) glucose. Some of these can be dealt with by using an enzyme system to act on selected components and make the detection process more readily controlled. In particular, glucose may be determined by action of an enzyme (glucose oxidase) which generates hydrogen peroxide and that compound is then detected and used as a measure of the glucose content .
  • High molecular weight compounds e.g.
  • the mixed membrane is used as the outermost layer so that it contacts the sample under examination. It then excludes high molecular weight materials from access to a detector (e.g. an electrode) -- so that is not contaminated -- and can maintain this action for a satisfactory time, up to 12 hours, and even longer.
  • a detector e.g. an electrode
  • the sensor device can be revived by simply removing it from any sample or sampling chamber in which it has been used and washing or rinsing it with clean water or a convenient solution, for example a saline or other electrolyte solution.
  • This washing procedure is very simple and convenient, and the principal precaution that a user should take is simply to ensure that the procedure does not cause any mechanical damage to the membrane.
  • the effectiveness of the cleaning and the time when cleaning is required can be checked readily by determining the response of the sensor device to glucose (or, if appropriate, another analyte substrate) and comparing this response with that at the time of calibration or before initial use.
  • the sensors of our invention can exclude serum and urine interferents from a detector (especially a working electrode) in a highly effective manner, which is a valuable feature of this invention.
  • Poly- (4-vinylpyridine) is soluble in water, and so is not itself a candidate for use as a membrane in a sensor for use in aqueous systems, and PVC is well known to be insoluble in water. It is therefore surprising that the two components can be mixed together to form a composition which is sufficiently stable to serve as a membrane in an aqueous system for a reasonable time .
  • the polymer compositions, sensor devices and methods for their use according to this invention are especially useful for the detection and determination of sugars, especially glucose, in biological media but are not to be taken as being useful solely for this purpose.
  • sugars especially glucose
  • the desirable combination of bio-compatibility and permeability towards the desired analyte such as glucose make them exceptionally well suited for this.
  • the invention is illustrated but not limited by the accompanying Example in which the parts and percentages are by weight unless stated otherwise.
  • a composite film comprising an intimate mixture of PVC and poly- (4-vinylpyridine) was prepared by first preparing a solution containing PVC (2% weight/volume) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and adding to this solid poly- (4- vinylpyridine) in an amount which gives 2% (weight/volume) in the solution. This mixture was kept for 12 hours at ambient temperature, with agitation from time to time, to allow the solid poly- (4-vinylpyridine) to become completely dissolved.
  • the resulting solution of the two polymers was then coated on to the surface of a platinum electrode by dip- coating.
  • the coated electrode was then allowed to dry in air at ambient temperature for at least 12 hours .
  • the coating was carried out by dropping the solution on to the surface of the electrode.
  • the thickness of the deposited layer of polymer was about 50 /urn.
  • the coated electrode was then immersed as anode in an aqueous solution of glucose in a conventional amperometric cell, and polarising potential applied.
  • the calibration of this arrangement showed a satisfactory response up to at least 35 mM glucose concentration, with a typical response being 3.5/uA per 30 mM glucose.
  • the electrode coated with the composite coating of PVC and poly- (4-vinylpyridine) was contacted under similar conditions with aqueous solutions of glucose in which yeast cells were suspended at a concentration of 10 g (dry weight) of cells per litre.
  • the effect of the yeast cells was to reduce the responsiveness of the electrode in measuring the glucose analyte, eventually down to 1-2 nA. This loss of responsiveness indicated that the yeast cells had de-activated the mixed-polymer membrane through binding to it and rendered it no longer useful for measurement of glucose content .
  • the de-activated sensor was removed from the suspension of yeast cells and transferred to an aqueous solution of glucose without any suspended yeast cells, it was found that the responsiveness to the glucose was regained, i.e. the mixed polymer membrane had recovered its permeability to glucose.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs de capteurs permettant d'analyser des échantillons fluidiques, à l'aide d'un capteur séparé des échantillons par une membrane perméable constituée d'un mélange d'un polymère imperméable (en particulier un polyvinylchloride (PVC)) avec un poly-vinylpyridine (PVP). Habituellement, la proportion de PVP est sensiblement de 20-80 % en poids des polymères combinés, et la membrane possède une épaisseur inférieure à 50 um. Cette membrane peut représenter 10 parts d'une membrane multicouche, et peut utiliser un enzyme pour transformer un analyte en un autre. Les procédés d'utilisation de ces dispositifs essentiellement électrochimiques, permettent d'effectuer des mesures ampérométriques à l'aide d'une électrode métallique (en particulier en platine). La perméabilité de la membrane aux analytes tels que le glucose est intéressante pour évaluer un milieu biologique, par exemple le sang. Le mélange polymère présente une résistance inhabituelle à l'encrassement permanent due aux matériaux de poids moléculaire élevé utilisés, ce qui permet de les laver lorsque nécessaire. La membrane peut être utilisée de manière répétée, cette propriété étant conférée aux autres surfaces par recouvrement par le mélange polymère.
PCT/GB2000/002665 1999-07-15 2000-07-12 Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs WO2001006245A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002379582A CA2379582A1 (fr) 1999-07-15 2000-07-12 Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs
AU59976/00A AU5997600A (en) 1999-07-15 2000-07-12 Polymeric compositions and sensor devices
JP2001510833A JP2003504639A (ja) 1999-07-15 2000-07-12 ポリマー組成物及びセンサー装置
EP00946089A EP1196767A1 (fr) 1999-07-15 2000-07-12 Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9916522A GB9916522D0 (en) 1999-07-15 1999-07-15 Polymeric compositions and sensor devices
GB9916522.7 1999-07-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001006245A1 true WO2001006245A1 (fr) 2001-01-25

Family

ID=10857235

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/002665 WO2001006245A1 (fr) 1999-07-15 2000-07-12 Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1196767A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003504639A (fr)
AU (1) AU5997600A (fr)
CA (1) CA2379582A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9916522D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001006245A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1860432A1 (fr) * 2006-05-24 2007-11-28 Bionime GmbH Procédé d'opération d'un compteur de mesure et compteur de mesure
WO2008032076A2 (fr) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-20 Rtc North Limited Système d'analyse de fluides biologiques
RU2531130C1 (ru) * 2013-06-20 2014-10-20 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Саратовский Государственный Университет Имени Н.Г. Чернышевского" Мембрана ионоселективного электрода для определения ионных поверхностно-активных веществ в сточных водах и синтетических моющих средствах
WO2015188107A1 (fr) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Arizona Board of Regents of behalf of Arizona State University Polymères uniques, autoassemblés de polyamidoamine et leur réactivité électrochimique

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2656423A1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-28 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Biocapteur electrochimique.
EP0872729A1 (fr) * 1997-04-17 1998-10-21 AVL Medical Instruments Biocapteur avec une membrane copolymère de chlorure de vinyle perméable

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2656423A1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-28 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Biocapteur electrochimique.
EP0872729A1 (fr) * 1997-04-17 1998-10-21 AVL Medical Instruments Biocapteur avec une membrane copolymère de chlorure de vinyle perméable

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; XP002901343 *
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; XP002901344 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1860432A1 (fr) * 2006-05-24 2007-11-28 Bionime GmbH Procédé d'opération d'un compteur de mesure et compteur de mesure
WO2008032076A2 (fr) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-20 Rtc North Limited Système d'analyse de fluides biologiques
WO2008032076A3 (fr) * 2006-09-13 2008-07-03 Rtc North Ltd Système d'analyse de fluides biologiques
RU2531130C1 (ru) * 2013-06-20 2014-10-20 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Саратовский Государственный Университет Имени Н.Г. Чернышевского" Мембрана ионоселективного электрода для определения ионных поверхностно-активных веществ в сточных водах и синтетических моющих средствах
WO2015188107A1 (fr) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Arizona Board of Regents of behalf of Arizona State University Polymères uniques, autoassemblés de polyamidoamine et leur réactivité électrochimique
US10323008B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-06-18 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Unique self-assembled poly-amidoamine polymers and their electrochemical reactivity
US11168104B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2021-11-09 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Unique self-assembled poly-amidoamine polymers and their eletrochemical reactivity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003504639A (ja) 2003-02-04
CA2379582A1 (fr) 2001-01-25
EP1196767A1 (fr) 2002-04-17
AU5997600A (en) 2001-02-05
GB9916522D0 (en) 1999-09-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU595260B2 (en) Membrane
EP0025110B1 (fr) Appareil de mesure électrochimique muni d'une électrode enzymatique
Mizutani et al. Amperometric L-lactate-sensing electrode based on a polyion complex layer containing lactate oxidase. Application to serum and milk samples
Sasso et al. Electropolymerized 1, 2-diaminobenzene as a means to prevent interferences and fouling and to stabilize immobilized enzyme in electrochemical biosensors
CA1126337A (fr) Systeme electrochimique a ecoulement continu
US6200772B1 (en) Modified polyurethane membrane sensors and analytical methods
JP2004528579A (ja) 架橋酵素マトリクスおよびその使用
WO2006122553A1 (fr) Capteur d'enzyme pourvu d'une couche d'espacement contenant de l'eau
US6706532B2 (en) Membrane for chemical and biosensors
US5567290A (en) Sensor devices
EP1196767A1 (fr) Compositions polymeres et dispositifs de capteurs
Shin et al. Electrochemical characterization of polypyrrole/glucose oxidase biosensor: Part II. Optimal preparation conditions for the biosensor
EP0652941B1 (fr) Dispositifs de detection
US4487679A (en) Potassium ion-selective electrode
WO2001013103A1 (fr) Dispositif et procede analitique
EP0672167B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif d'analyse pour le peroxide d'hydrogene
Reddy et al. PVC as a sensor membrane material: influence of solvent casting variables
CN110923130A (zh) 微生物传感器及其制备方法和应用
JPS59228160A (ja) アミラーゼおよびグルコースの分析法
JP2000283945A (ja) 細菌の検出方法および検出装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2000946089

Country of ref document: EP

Ref document number: 2379582

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 59976/00

Country of ref document: AU

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2000946089

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 10031035

Country of ref document: US

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 2000946089

Country of ref document: EP