WO2001004769A2 - Procede et systeme destines a adapter une application reseau basee sur une classification de types de liaisons de communications a l'aide de logique floue - Google Patents

Procede et systeme destines a adapter une application reseau basee sur une classification de types de liaisons de communications a l'aide de logique floue Download PDF

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WO2001004769A2
WO2001004769A2 PCT/US2000/019032 US0019032W WO0104769A2 WO 2001004769 A2 WO2001004769 A2 WO 2001004769A2 US 0019032 W US0019032 W US 0019032W WO 0104769 A2 WO0104769 A2 WO 0104769A2
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fuzzy
communication
input data
determining
entity
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PCT/US2000/019032
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WO2001004769A3 (fr
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Liang Cheng
Ivan Marsic
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Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey
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Priority to AU13245/01A priority Critical patent/AU1324501A/en
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Publication of WO2001004769A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001004769A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/16—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1813—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast for computer conferences, e.g. chat rooms
    • H04L12/1827—Network arrangements for conference optimisation or adaptation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
    • H04L12/5691—Access to open networks; Ingress point selection, e.g. ISP selection
    • H04L12/5692—Selection among different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H04L41/142—Network analysis or design using statistical or mathematical methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/5003—Managing SLA; Interaction between SLA and QoS
    • H04L41/5019—Ensuring fulfilment of SLA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H04L41/145—Network analysis or design involving simulating, designing, planning or modelling of a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/508—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement
    • H04L41/509—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement wherein the managed service relates to media content delivery, e.g. audio, video or TV
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to determining at least one type of link in a communication channel by evaluating at least one network statistical parameter using fuzzy logic.
  • Portable computing devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), palmtops, handheld personal computers (PCs), pen-based PCs, and laptops, have become popular in recent years.
  • PDAs personal digital assistants
  • PCs handheld personal computers
  • PCs personal computers
  • laptops laptops
  • wireless communication technologies wireless products ranging from local area networks (LAN) to wide area networks (WAN) are available commercially. Accordingly, wireless computing, wireless communication, and wireless networks are becoming common in the daily life. This naturally leads to hybrid communication environments in which both the wired and wireless communication links exist.
  • Mobile Internet protocol has been developed as a standard for provisioning the current wired Internet with wireless accessibility, see C. E. Perkins, Mobile IP: Design Principles and Practice, Addison- Wesley: Reading, 1997.
  • Mobile ad hoc networks have also been described, see Corson et al., "Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation
  • Fuzzy logic was first introduced by L. A. Zadeh in 1965, as described in L. A. Zadeh, "Fuzzy Sets " Information and Control, Vol. 8, pp. 338-353, 1965 and it has since been widely used to construct intelligent systems. Fuzzy logic with its intrinsic nonlinearity has similarity with the reasoning conducted by human beings, such as computing with words, see L. A. Zadeh, "Fuzzy Logic-Computing With Words," IEEE Trans, on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 104-1 1 1, 1996.
  • a key feature of fuzzy logic is that it can deal with the uncertainties that exist in physical systems.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,687,290 describes an apparatus and method for monitoring and controlling a communications network using fuzzy logic.
  • the apparatus includes a network monitor coupled to the communications network and provides numeric data representative of at least one operating parameter of the communications network.
  • a fuzzifier module is coupled to the network monitor and to convert the numeric data into fuzzy input data.
  • a fuzzy inference engine is coupled to the fuzzifier module and processes the fuzzy input data according to at least one fuzzy rule to provide fuzzy output data representative of control actions to affect a desired state of the communications netowrk.
  • a defuzzifier module is coupled to the fuzzy inference engine and converts the fuzzy output data into numeric data which may be used by a network controller to control at least one network parameter.
  • the apparatus may also include a user interface and a display to allow the fuzzy input data and the fuzzy output data to be displayed to a user.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,822,301 describes a method for evaluating performance of communication links with fuzzy logic. Two possible lines are thereby evaluated with fuzzy logic with respect to their performance, their time behavior and their dependability aspects. The intermediate variables derived therefrom are processed with a principal rule set to form a weighting factor for the respective line. A routing method that is to define the shortest path for a communication connection employs this weighting factor in order to determine the corresponding connection.
  • RTT round-trip time
  • network propagation delays such as router-queue delay and link delay
  • host-processing delay such as the time spent at the sender and receiver processing the packet and acknowledgement.
  • the propagation delay is a significant contributor to the round-trip time. It is described in “Improving Round-Trip Time Estimates in Reliable Transport Protocols " ACM Trans, on Computer Systems, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 364-373, November 1991 that
  • TCP dynamically sets an appropriate retransmission timeout value based on the RTT measurement.
  • a conventional method for measuring RTT in TCP is as follows. Every time TCP sends a datagram, it records the time instant. When an acknowledgement (ACK) for that datagram arrives, TCP again gets the time instant and takes the difference between the two times as the current RTT value. This method has the disadvantage referred to as the retransmission ambiguity problem. In the method, an ACK acknowledges the receipt of a datagram instead of a transmission.
  • the system of the present invention includes a fuzzy reasoning engine which uses quality of service parameters relating to the network statistical patterns as fuzzy inputs, such as a mean value and variance of a round trip time, and determines a confidence about the existence of wireless links in the communication channel as the output.
  • the system can be used for adaptive application scenarios.
  • a unicast client-server application scenario the server provides different services to different clients depending on whether a wireless link was detected during the connection establishment phase.
  • a new multicast session is created by a session manager in addition to the original one depending on whether a wireless link was detected during a request to join the multicast session.
  • the new multicast session carries lower data traffic from and to the participants whose communication path includes the wireless link(s).
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of adapting a network-based application according to a determination of at least one type of communication link in a communication channel.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for implementing fuzzy logic.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for measuring round trip time (RTT) and related statistical parameters.
  • RTT round trip time
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of a distribution of a RTT mean value for an Internet session of a communication channel having wired communication links in comparison with a communication channel having wireless communication links.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of a distribution of a RTT mean value for a LAN session of a communication channel having wired communication links in comparison with a communication channel having wireless communication links.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of a distribution of a RTT variance for an Internet session of a communication channel having wired communication links in comparison with a communication channel having wireless communication links.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph of a distribution of a RTT variance for a LAN session of a communication channel having wired communication links in comparison with a communication channel having wireless communication links.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph illustrating the degree of membership of the fuzzy input variables of the RTT mean and RTT variance in the fuzzy linguistic values of small, S, medium, M, and large, L.
  • Fig. 9 is a graph of the discourse of a fuzzy output variable which has been divided into three fuzzy sets.
  • Fig. 10a is a graph of simulation results of a LAN session without wireless links.
  • Fig. 10b is a graph of simulation results of a LAN session with wireless links.
  • Fig. 10c is a graph of simulation results of an Internet session without wireless links.
  • Fig. lOd is a graph of simulation results of an Internet session with wireless links.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a system for adapting a network application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a unicast client/server paradigm.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a multicast paradigm.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of adapting a network based application according to a determination of at least one type of link in a communication channel 10 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • Communication channel is used in this disclosure to refer to any type of software/hardware data transmission reception medium.
  • communication link is meant a connection between two communication entities.
  • One or more communication links are used to form the communication channel.
  • Each communication link can be a wired link or a wireless link.
  • a statistical property of at least one network quality of service parameter of the communication channel is measured.
  • the measured quality of service parameter is used as input data.
  • the network quality of service parameter can be a plurality of round trip time (RTT) measurements of packets sent and received over the communication channel, jitter measurements of the communication channel or packet loss rate.
  • RTT round trip time
  • a confidence of a type of communication link in the communication channel is determined from the input data based on fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is known in the art as described in L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, Vol. 8, pp. 338-353, 1965 and U.S. Patent No. 5,687,290 which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the confidence determined can relate to the degree of certainty that fuzzy logic was able to determine that the communication channel includes a type of communication link, such as either a wireless communication link or a wired communication link.
  • a network based application is adapted based on the type of communication link determined in step 16.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for implementing step 14.
  • step 20 at least one fuzzy set is determined from the input data. Fuzzy sets have been interpreted as a membership function ⁇ x associated with each element x in the universe of discourse C/ with a number ⁇ (x) in the interval [0, 1] as: ⁇ U ⁇ [ , ⁇ ] (1)
  • a fuzzifier is used to map the input representing crisp data xe U into a fuzzy set Xe U, and ⁇ x gives the degree of membership of x to the fuzzy set X, i.e., a real number in the range [0, 1] where 1 denotes full membership and 0 denotes no membership.
  • Fuzzy sets can be considered as an extension of classical crisp sets of data since crisp sets only permit full membership or no membership while fuzzy sets permit partial membership.
  • the fuzzy set can be expressed in a defined description language that describes behavior of the input data.
  • the fuzzy set can be expressed in fuzzy linguistic variables. Fuzzy linguistic variables are variables that use fuzzy linguistic values rather than numeric values to describe the magnitude of the fuzzy linguistic variable.
  • step 22 fuzzy rules are determined to determine the degree of membership of the input data in the fuzzy set using the fuzzifier.
  • fuzzifiers there are two kinds of fuzzifiers referred to as a “singleton fuzzifier” and a “nonsingleton fuzzifier", see G. C. Mouzouris, J. M. Mendel, "Nonsingleton Fuzzy Logic Systems: Theory and Application,” IEEE Trans, on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 56-62, 1997, hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
  • the shape of the membership function can be determined based on an estimate of the uncertainties present.
  • the membership function is chosen to be symmetric about x since the effect of uncertainties is most likely to be equal on all data.
  • other shapes of membership functions such as nonsymmetric membership functions, can be used.
  • Fuzzy rules connect input variables to output variables.
  • Each fuzzy rule in the rulebase has ? antecedent clauses that define conditions and one consequent clause that defines the corresponding action.
  • a rule with q consequent can be decomposed into q rules, each having the same antecedents and one different consequent.
  • the general form of the / fuzzy rule in the rulebase is: R l : IF X J is Fj l and x ⁇ is F ... and x p is F p l
  • fuzzy output data is determined in accordance with the fuzzy rules.
  • the information embedded in the fuzzy rules can be numerically processed by using fuzzy reasoning. Fuzzy reasoning strategies can include extracting expertise from domain experts and other sources.
  • fuzzy output data can be optionally processed with a defuzzifier to map fuzzy output data back into crisp data.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a method for measuring round trip time (RTT).
  • the statistical properties of the RTT can be defined as a quality of service parameter of the communication link in the communications channel.
  • an identification is assigned to a handshake packet to be sent from a first communication entity to a second communication entity, such as from a client to a server, over the communication channel.
  • Client/server arrangements are known in the art and are used for many applications such as software processing and Internet applications.
  • the identification can be a unique integer, i.
  • the packet is transmitted to the server, the starting time instant, t s , is recorded and a timer is started with timeout value T 0 .
  • the server upon receiving the handshake packet, the server sends a reply handshake packet that is the same as the received handshake packet. Accordingly, the reply handshake packet has the same identification assigned in step 30.
  • step 33 the client receives the reply handshake packet, records the receiving time instant, t r , and stops the timer for the identification.
  • step 34 if the timer time out value, T 0 , has not been reached, the difference between the starting time instant, t s , and receiving time instant, t r , is computed. The difference is the RTT, represented by t;. If the timeout value has been reached, the RTT, ti, is set to timeout value, T D .
  • the RTT, t;, value is in the range from 0 to infinite milliseconds.
  • conventional systems include timers such as a connection timer and a retransmission timer in connection-oriented applications in order to deal with the case of packet loss, i.e., RTT equals infinity. Accordingly, it is assumed that ti is constrained to [0, T 0 ] without the loss of generality.
  • handshake packets are sent in a stop-and- wait fashion rather than all at once to measure RTT and every packet gets processed immediately as received at the server, without being delayed in a buffer.
  • the method for measuring RTT in the present invention is packet-ID-transmission-oriented instead of sequence-number-datagram-oriented as in conventional TCP.
  • a mean value, t, of the measured RTTs is determined from the collected RTT measurement samples, n, by: 1 "
  • step 36 a variance of the measured RTTs, ⁇ t , is determined from the collected RTT measurement samples by the biased estimation:
  • step 37 the determined mean value, t, and determined variance, ⁇ t , are recorded, for example, the values can be recorded, in a database.
  • Steps 30-37 can be repeated a predetermined number of times, Maxtimes, at various time instances to represent a RTT measurement sample. For example, steps 30-37 can be repeated once every three seconds.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates results of a distribution of the RTT mean for a LAN session of a communication channel with wired links and a communication channel with wireless links.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates results of a distribution of the RTT variance for an Internet session of a communication channel with wired links and a communication channel with wireless links.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates results of a distribution of the RTT variance for a LAN session of a communication channel with wired links and a communication channel with wireless links.
  • the distributions of the mean value (or average) of RTTs are very different in the communication channel having wired communication links and the communication channel having wireless communication links.
  • the mean value in the wired case is smaller than that in the wireless case and there is little overlap between their distributions.
  • the shape of the distribution in the wired case is more pulse-like, unlike the wireless case, so that it can be deduced that the RTT variance in the wired case is smaller than in the wireless case.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate that the variance in the wired case is smaller than in the wireless case.
  • the RTT variances of both the Internet and LAN sessions having wired communication links are small while the variance of both the Internet and LAN sessions having wireless communication links are relatively large. Accordingly, if the RTT values collected by the application show an abnormal pattern such as large mean value and variance, then the application can deduce the existence of one or more wireless links.
  • Mean value, t, and variance, ⁇ t can be used as a network statistical parameter input in step 12, of Fig. 1.
  • the discourse of the input variables t and ⁇ t is [0,T max ].
  • a Gaussian membership function is used in step 14 of Fig. 1, where the variance ⁇ 2 reflects the width (spread) of ⁇ (x,). Accordingly, larger values of the spread of the above membership function imply that more uncertainties are anticipated to exist in the given input data.
  • discourses of the fuzzy input variables t and ⁇ t can be divided into three fuzzy sets which are shown in Fig. 8.
  • the corresponding fuzzy linguistic variables are small, S, medium, M, and large, L.
  • the set of the fuzzy linguistic variables for fuzzy input t and ⁇ t can be denoted by the following:
  • fuzzy rules used in step 22 of Fig. 2 are a special case of the general expression in equation (2) where G is a singleton fuzzy set.
  • output of the fuzzy reasoning engine represents a confidence about the existence of wireless links in the communication channel.
  • a discourse of fuzzy output variable ⁇ has been divided into three singleton fuzzy sets as shown in Figure 9.
  • the corresponding fuzzy linguistic variables for the fuzzy output variable ⁇ are represented by strong confidence, SC, uncertain, UC, and no confidence, NC.
  • the fuzzy linguistic variables for fuzzy output ⁇ can be denoted as:
  • the fuzzy rules can be expressed as:
  • Table 1 illustrates a description of the fuzzy rules. Fuzzy linguistic variables small, S, medium, M and large, L, for mean t, are represented in columns 50-52 respectively. Fuzzy linguistic variables small, S, medium, M and large, L for variance ⁇ t are represented by rows 53-55. Fuzzy output ⁇ is represented by the fuzzy linguistic variables shown in columns 50-52 and rows 53-55.
  • the method of gravity-of-mass is used to perform defuzzification, in step 26 of Fig. 2. It can be expressed as: ⁇ F ( ⁇ ⁇
  • a threshold of confidence values can be used for determining if wireless links exist. For example, it can be determined that if fuzzy output, ⁇ , is greater than 0.7 then wireless links exist and if fuzzy output ⁇ is less than 0.3 then wireless links do not exist.
  • Simulations were performed with parameters set forth as follows. For each simulation 100 consecutive RTT values were measured by step 12. A mean value and variance of each of the 100 RTTs were computed as the input data. When there are wireless links in the communication channel, T 0 , is set as 140ms; otherwise, T 0 is set as 100ms. A Proxim spread spectrum wireless LAN was used in the wireless case. A wireless laptop with RangeLAN2 7400 PC card communicates via the RangeLAN2 7510 Ethernet Access Point as the base station to the LAN. It is appreciated that wireless products from other companies should demonstrate similar stitistical patterns to those found with the simulations.
  • the mean values of Gaussian membership functions of the fuzzy linguistic variables S t , M t , L t are 10, 50, 90 respectively.
  • the variances of Gaussian membership functions of the fuzzy linguistic variables S t , M t , L t are each 20.
  • the mean values of Gaussian membership functions of the fuzzy linguistic variables Ss, Ms, L ⁇ are 10, 20, 30 respectively.
  • Fig. 10b illustrates simulations results for a LAN session with wireless links.
  • Fig. 10c illustrates results for an Internet session without wireless links.
  • Fig. lOd illustrates an Internet session with wireless links.
  • a confidence of greater than 0.7 was used to indicate the existence of wireless links, a confidence of less than 0.3 was used to indicate no existence of wireless links and a confidence in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 was used to indicate that it is uncertain if wireless links exist.
  • Fig. 10a illustrates a confidence of less than 0.3 of all values of the simulation to determine a LAN session without wireless links.
  • Fig. lOd illustrates a confidence of greater than 0.7 for all values of the simulation to determine an Internet session with wireless links.
  • 10b and 10c have a range of wireless confidence between 0.3 to 0.7 in which it is uncertain if wireless links exist. Additional measurements can be used in the simulation represented by Figs. 10b and 10c to determine if a conclusion can be reached on the existence of wireless links. For example, if results of two additional measurements are still in the uncertain range it is assumed wireless links exist. Otherwise, the previous uncertain measurement is regarded as transient and the new result of strong confidence or no confidence is used to determine the existence of wireless links.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a system for adapting a network application 100.
  • Statistical parameter measurement module 101 measures quality of service parameters of a communications channel 102.
  • network statistical parameter module 101 measures round trip times of a plurality of packets sent from a first communication entity to a second communication entity over communication channel 102 to form input data 103.
  • Fuzzy logic control system 104 includes fuzzifier module 105 that receives input data 103 and translates input data 103 into fuzzy input data 106.
  • Fuzzy input data 106 is received at fuzzy engine 108.
  • Fuzzy engine 108 processes fuzzy input data 106 in accordance with at least one fuzzy rule stored in fuzzy rule memory 109 to provide fuzzy output data 1 10.
  • Fuzzy output data 1 10 is received at defuzzifier module 112 to convert fuzzy output data 1 10 to a confidence of a type of communication link for determining a type of communication link.
  • Application adaption moduel 1 14 adapts an application based on the determined type of link.
  • Method 10 can be used in application scenarios to adaptively modify the application based on the existence or nonexistence of wireless communications links.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates application of method 10 in a unicast client/server paradigm 200. In an ideal environment of a client/server paradigm, the server side of the application handles all common processing, and the client side handles all user-specific processing. Examples of use of the client/server paradigm in conventional Internet applications include web browsing, email, ftp, telnet, and the like.
  • Client 201 communicates over wired communication channel 202, which includes one or more wired communication links within internetwork 203 to server 204.
  • Client 205 communicates over wireless communication channel 206 which includes one or more wireless communication links to server 204.
  • Wireless awareness proxy gateway 208 in server 204 performs method 10.
  • Wireless awareness proxy gateway 208 When client 201 or client 205 requests a connection or service to server 204, it communicates with wireless awareness proxy gateway 208.
  • Wireless awareness proxy gateway 208 performs step 12 to measure a network statistical parameter of wired communication channel 202 and wireless communication channel 206, such as the RTT and performs step 14 to determine a confidence about the existence of wireless links.
  • Server 204 performs step 16 and adapts the network based application based on the conclusion drawn about the existence of wireless links by wireless awareness proxy gateway 208.
  • Server 204 can provide different levels of quality of service (QoS) based upon the existence of wireless links.
  • QoS quality of service
  • a live video server can send high- resolution video streams to client 201 which is connected to server 204 with wired communication channel 202, referred to as a fully-geared client and normal or low- resolution video streams to client 205 which is connected to server 204 with wireless communication channel 206, referred to as a partially-geared client, adapting the application, thereby, to the limited bandwidth, high packet loss rate, and stringent power constraints of the wireless link.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates application of method 10 in a multicast paradigm 210.
  • the multicast paradigm is used when the application features a plurality of participants.
  • network resources such as bandwidth are used in an efficient way by reducing the number of datagram copies transmitted in the network.
  • the data channel to that participant can easily get congested so that the performance of the application will be degraded, especially for that participant.
  • some participants may be using mobile devices such as wireless laptops and pen-based computers. As more participants join the session, the video streams to the mobile devices will experience unacceptable delays and jitter if the rate-control by the codec of the videoconferencing application is not aware of the existence of the wireless links and does not adapt to them by using lower transmission rates.
  • Clients 211a-c communicate over respective wired communication channels 212a-c within internetwork 219 to session manager 213.
  • Clients 214a and 214b communicate over respective wireless communication channels 215a-b within internetwork 219 to session manager 213.
  • Session manager 213 performs method 10 to determine if clients 211a-c or clients 214a-b wanting to join a session have wireless links.
  • Session manager 213 performs step 12 of Fig. 1 to measure a network statistical parameter such as RTT of the respective wired communication channel 212a-c or wireless communication channel 215a-b and performs step 14 of Fig. 1 to determine the existence of wireless links.
  • original session 216 is announced by session manager 213.
  • clients 21 1a-c and 214a-214b can communicate with session manager 213 to join the session. If all clients 211a-c request to join a session, session manager 213 determines clients 21 1a-c have wired communication links, referred to as fully-geared clients, and connects them to original session 216. If both clients 214a and 214b request to join a session, session manager 213 determines clients 214a and 214b have wireless links, referred to as partially-geared clients. Session manager 213 creates new session 217 for clients 214a and 214b and requests clients 214a and 1 14b join new session 217. Thereafter, session manager 213 receives traffic stream 218 from original session 216 and converts it to a traffic stream 219 usable in new session 217. Accordingly, every participant can send its data stream to and receive the data streams from others via the corresponding multicast session.
  • a suitable application of multicast paradigm 210 is a video conferencing session.
  • session manager 213 announces the videoconferencing session, participants can join, send and receive the live video streams.
  • Session manager 213 performs the following steps during the videoconferencing session: creates new multicast session 217 for clients 214a and 214b which are participants communicating via wireless channels, such as those using mobile laptops; notifies videoconferencing applications running on the mobile laptops of clients 214a and 214b to send and receive low-resolution video streams instead of normal ones; receives normal-resolution video streams from participants in original session

Abstract

Dans des environnements de communications hybrides, dans lesquels des liaisons de communications, filaire et hertzienne peuvent coexister dans un canal de communication, la performance d'une prestation de qualité de service peut être améliorée si l'application reconnaît l'existence de liaisons hertziennes dans le canal de communication et adapte son comportement en fonction. Le système de la présente invention comprend un moteur de raisonnement flou qui utilise, en tant qu'entrée floue, une qualité de paramètres de service d'un canal de communication se rapportant à des modèles statistiques de réseau, et détermine, en tant que sortie, un niveau de confiance concernant l'existence de liaisons hertziennes dans le canal de communication. Les paramètres de qualité de service peuvent comprendre une valeur moyenne et la variance du temps de communication aller-retour de paquets entre deux entités de communication sur le canal de communication. En fonction du type de liaison, l'application peut être adaptée de façon à permettre une qualité de service prédéterminée.
PCT/US2000/019032 1999-07-14 2000-07-12 Procede et systeme destines a adapter une application reseau basee sur une classification de types de liaisons de communications a l'aide de logique floue WO2001004769A2 (fr)

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AU13245/01A AU1324501A (en) 1999-07-14 2000-07-12 A method and system for adapting a network application based on classifying types of communication links using fuzzy logic

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1395942A2 (fr) * 2001-06-14 2004-03-10 Meshnetworks, Inc. Algorithmes de routage integres mis en oeuvre sous une couche de routage ip d'une pile de protocoles a architecture logicielle dans un reseau ad hoc mobile

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
E. ABOELELA AND C. DOULIGERIS: 'Fuzzy Metric Approach for Routing in B-ISDN' IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS vol. 1, 06 June 1999 - 10 June 1999, pages 484 - 488, XP002938862 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1395942A2 (fr) * 2001-06-14 2004-03-10 Meshnetworks, Inc. Algorithmes de routage integres mis en oeuvre sous une couche de routage ip d'une pile de protocoles a architecture logicielle dans un reseau ad hoc mobile
EP1395942A4 (fr) * 2001-06-14 2009-07-22 Meshnetworks Inc Algorithmes de routage integres mis en oeuvre sous une couche de routage ip d'une pile de protocoles a architecture logicielle dans un reseau ad hoc mobile

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AU1324501A (en) 2001-01-30

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