WO2000077967A2 - Serveur web mandataire capable de personnalisation utilisateur pouvant etre augmente de façon intelligente - Google Patents

Serveur web mandataire capable de personnalisation utilisateur pouvant etre augmente de façon intelligente Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000077967A2
WO2000077967A2 PCT/US2000/016403 US0016403W WO0077967A2 WO 2000077967 A2 WO2000077967 A2 WO 2000077967A2 US 0016403 W US0016403 W US 0016403W WO 0077967 A2 WO0077967 A2 WO 0077967A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
proxy
web
user
response
query
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/016403
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2000077967A3 (fr
Inventor
Selene K. Makarios
Robert C. Fitzwilson
Heather L. Downs
Original Assignee
Nextpage, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nextpage, Inc. filed Critical Nextpage, Inc.
Priority to AU57392/00A priority Critical patent/AU5739200A/en
Priority to EP00942822A priority patent/EP1110154A2/fr
Publication of WO2000077967A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000077967A2/fr
Publication of WO2000077967A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000077967A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/957—Browsing optimisation, e.g. caching or content distillation
    • G06F16/9577—Optimising the visualization of content, e.g. distillation of HTML documents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/565—Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to distributed data communication systems and, more particularly, to intelligent proxies for conducting and enhancing communications between network users and network server hosts in a fashion which is customized for particular users or groups of users applying the technology.
  • a distributed computing network such as the Internet is formed of a number of geographically diverse hosts which are connected to one another, and a number of network users, each of which uses one of the hosts and communicates with other computers on the network through that host (an individual with a personal computer is an example of a single-user host).
  • the hosts may be directly connected to the Internet at large so that any information sent to or from a user's host flows along an unimpeded path to its destination, it is normal and beneficial to interpose a firewall between the host or hosts of a user or group of users and the Internet at large.
  • the firewall performs several functions. Most importantly, it controls the flow of information from the Internet at large to the host.
  • a firewall is a complex of functions implemented using a combination of hardware and software, operating to both protect an organization from outside information-related threats and to protect the organization from release of information.
  • An "application-level proxy" is one component of a firewall which is designed to manage the transmission of information relevant to some application or protocol such as HTTP (World Wide Web) or SMTP (e-mail).
  • HTTP World Wide Web
  • SMTP e-mail
  • the decentralized nature of the Internet means that the sources of all information relevant to web users are disparate. As shown in FIG. 1 , available information may include vendor-supplied commercial information 50, news 60, opinions 70, ratings 80 and the like. Most web users 90 probably would like to include more sources of information in their activities than they currently do, and would make use of these disparate sources if they were conveniently able to do so. The disparate nature of the needed information, inconvenience of using it, time and cost typically prevent this from happening. Thus, there is a need for the ability to observe, augment, reduce, or othewise alter general web content for the benefit of a user or group.
  • Search engines 20 attempt to locate germane documents by examining a large amount of mostly irrelevant information. This is because they are unaware of user characteristics and hence imprecise.
  • Portals 30 are precise collections of content; however, the available information is determined by the owner of the portal 30, positioning fees paid to the owner and the like. Thus, a user's choices in a portal 30 are controlled and restricted and may not be relevant.
  • a branded community 40 is vendor-centric, designed to function only over vendor-enabled sites, and is designed to maximize customer "switching costs", thus possibly working against the user's best interests.
  • the present invention has been developed with the above limitations of the prior art in mind, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a web proxy server as a single network point through which all web data streams including proxy user requests and responses thereto flow which can analyze web proxy user requests and responses thereto and derive information about the interests and needs of the users therefrom.
  • e a ove o ects are ac eve accor ng o an aspect o t e present nvent on y providing a system which implements an intelligently augmentable web proxy server which can understand the purposeful activities of users and groups which it serves and which also enhances their web experience by altering information they receive and send in ways that make it more useful based on its understanding of them, and which does so in a customized fashion per individual or group.
  • the system includes the web proxy layer, an agent support layer on top of the web proxy layer and an agent application layer on top of the agent support layer.
  • the agent support layer interfaces with the web proxy layer and includes request agencies which manage a group of personal agents dedicated to analyzing and transforming the web stream of a particular user, and a common agent environment through which agents in the agent application layer can exchange information.
  • request agencies which manage a group of personal agents dedicated to analyzing and transforming the web stream of a particular user, and a common agent environment through which agents in the agent application layer can exchange information.
  • the agent application layer also includes universal agents which operate autonomously of the activities of users to peruse and understand sources of information on the web based on information gathered by the personal agents.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram of the operation of web hosts and users on the Internet according to the prior art
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a deployment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagram of the architecture layers in the preferred embodiment
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagram of execution threads between proxy users and groups and the Internet according to the preferred embodiment.
  • FIGURES 5-8 show the implementation of a back page mechanism according to the preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 A deployment of the present invention in a web environment corresponding to prior art FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, and a diagram of the architecture 100 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • a proxy layer 110 is resident on a proxy server (not shown) and communicates with users 90 connected to the server.
  • the proxy layer 110 receives a request from a user 90, e.g., a call for an HTML web page or the like, it passes this request to the agent support layer 120.
  • the agent support layer 120 includes, as shown in FIG. 4, request agencies 140.
  • the request agency 140 is implemented by a thread-safe software module created when a user 90 issues a request for a file from the Internet 10.
  • the request agency 140 is itself a thread which dynamically invokes, manipulates and interconnects personal agents 150 (themselves implemented in the agent application layer 130) for processing a request from a user 90.
  • the request agency 140 exists long enough to process the request, send it to the Internet 10, receive and process the requested file, and provide the processed file to the user 90.
  • the entire system is implemented on a digital computer or network of
  • the JavaTM Servlet API is a cross-platform mechanism for enhancing server applications. It is available as part of Sun's JavaTM Servlet Development Kit. The system can be
  • JavaTM Servlet API For more information on the JavaTM Servlet API see, e.g., Davidson et al., "JavaTM Servlet API
  • each personal agent 150 includes information identifying the user 90 which generated the request as a result of which that personal agent 150 was created.
  • the user's information can be used to model and infer the interests and information needs of particular individuals and the groups of which the individuals are a part.
  • the preferred embodiment provides support for the creation of agent applications to do these things.
  • Each of the personal agents may have a separate function in processing requests from user 90 and the corresponding responses from the Internet 10.
  • a personal agent 150 may act as an information collecting agent which receives a copy of a web stream (an HTTP protocol data stream, either a request or a response, flowing between a user and a web server connected to the Internet), the original stream being passed onward, and produces no output stream.
  • the information collecting agent 150 may, for example, parse the web stream and inspect it for some type of information depending on the application at hand.
  • a personal agent 150 may be a filter such as a framing filter, a hidden- page filter ("backpage” filter), or a tagging filter.
  • a filter is an agent that consumes a web-stream and emits a possibly modified version of it.
  • a framing filter is a filter which "surrounds" a user's web browsing by, e.g., enclosing the main browsing window in a frame which can provide additional controls for navigating, accessing enhanced information and the like.
  • agen s an o er sys em unc ona y can n erac w e user us ng user n er ace mechanisms appearing in the filter frame.
  • a framing filter establishes an initial HTML frameset user interface for a system application, e.g., an application which makes use of information derived or inferred from information on the user's web browsing to provide enhanced functionality on a personalized basis.
  • a system application e.g., an application which makes use of information derived or inferred from information on the user's web browsing to provide enhanced functionality on a personalized basis.
  • the framing filter will maintain it by preventing any web response intended for a frame from forcing itself into another frame, such as the topmost HTML "_top" frame (which would thereby displace the filter frame itself and the user interface provided thereby).
  • Some web pages attempt to force themselves into the top-level frame for various reasons by use of known HTML and/or Javascript-based mechanisms.
  • the framing filter can defeat these by detecting such scripts and altering them by,
  • a "back-page” also known as a “hidden page” or “behind page” filter augments each web-page which is returned to the user with a small graphic to indicate the presence of enhanced web functionality (placed, e.g., in the upper left hand corner), and make this functionality available by arranging for the graphic to be a link to a control page for such functionality.
  • Such control pages are generated by the proxy as required, and reflect information particular to each identified user when they access these control pages. Examples of the output of a back page filter are shown in FIGS. 5-8 in which FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a typical web page being viewed with an access graphic 180, e.g., a graphic and associated hyperlink inserted by the back page filter into the received web page) to display a back page generated when the user 90 actuates the access graphic 180.
  • the back page provides several options to further enhance the user's web experience, such as a chat page 200 for interactive communication with other users viewing the same web page as shown in FIG. 6 (the proxy can keep track of which of its users are viewing which pages), statistics 190 (shown in FIG. 7), and a browsing history 210 shown in FIG. 8 providing, e.g., alphabetical, chronological and inferential browsing histories.
  • a tagging filter modifies all URLs in a web response by tagging them with information useful to an agent on a subsequent request.
  • Tagging filters can be used for maintaining session information, group identity and frame identity.
  • an organization whose members are users of the system can define groups to suit its purposes using a mechanism similar to, e.g., Unix permission groups or Lotus Notes groups.
  • Session information preferably includes, e.g., the length of a user's web browsing session to enable the system to determine when the user has terminated the session.
  • the common agent environment 170 is a Linda-style tuple space; however, other arrangements will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • gathering, filtering framing, and tagging have been given as examples of the functionality of personal agents 150, the present invention is not so limited and other operations may be adopted as well.
  • the personal agents 150 may implement functionalities which are combinations of the above.
  • Request agencies 140 are created with scripts which describe the dynamic invocation, manipulation, and interconnection of personal agents 150 that the request agency 140 supervises. The request agencies 140 are invoked, interconnected and manipulated according to the particular application for which they are needed.
  • Operations expressed in the request agency 140 script are typically application-dependent operations of the sort: direct request- web-stream to a personal agent 150, feed web-stream from one personal agent 150 to another personal agent 150; do above conditionally, as is dictated by the particular application with which they are associated.
  • a request agency 140 When a request agency 140 is created, it is supplied with the user ID of the user 90 responsible for its creation and a request web-stream. At this point the request agency 140 would typically direct the web stream to an initial personal agent 150 generated as directed by the application with which they are associated.
  • the request agency 140 will typically retrieve information from the common agent environment 170 for the user 90, and use this to determine the initial agent to execute as directed by the particular application. There is a default agent module for new/unknown users. All personal agents 150 take a stream as input. Filters also produce a possibly-modified stream in accordance with the particular application with which they are associated. Preferred interfaces for a request agency 140 are: public abstract class PerUData ⁇ public PerUData (InputStream is, OutputStream os);
  • the "go ( ) " method can create and manipulate agents that use PerUData pd.
  • universal agents 160 are "web-facing” in that they operate autonomously of the activities of users 90, typically for the benefit of a group.
  • the purpose of the universal agents 160 is to search, analyze, collect and index sources of information on the web, guided by information obtained by personal agents 150.
  • the common agent environment 170 provides persistence and intercommunication among agents. This is exploited by the personal agents 150 and universal agents 160.
  • JavaTM source-code useful for implementing the above embodiment is described in
  • Attribute-map induction is one such technology which is based on heuristic extraction of content-bearing phrases from sources of documents available to users, combined with a statistical algorithm.
  • An exemplary application using attribute map induction is described in United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/123,528 file March 9, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
  • an ontology- sensitive search for users and groups 90.
  • An ontology is essentially a set of concepts through which a person or group understands the world. Taxonomies and glossaries are examples of things that carry ontological information. An ontology indicates what terms exist for a person or group and what the terms mean to those using them.
  • An intrinsic limitation of web-search engines is that no matter how thorough they are at indexing the web and no matter how sophisticated or comprehensive their indexing mechanisms are, they are unable to make use of the ontological information of the individuals they seek to benefit.
  • t e term on s may, n one part cular person s onto ogy, most often refer to the concept "municipal bonds”, or perhaps instead “chemical bonds”, “surety bonds”, or even the baseball player “Barry Bonds”.
  • a web search for information about "bonds” will produce indiscriminate information containing that term.
  • This problem may be solved in a preferred embodiment of the present invention as follows. Web-pages of interest to a user or group 90 are observed based on their browsing activity.
  • Various techniques can be used to determine pages of greater interest, such as heuristics for time spent browsing, or even by providing an active means for users 90 to register particular pages of interest to them if they so desire.
  • document- correlative terms can be extracted, for example using the TF-IDF metric — see, e.g., Salton et al., Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983).
  • TF-IDF metric e.g., Salton et al., Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983).
  • attribute-map can be computed for the terms regarded as binary attributes (present/not-present) (attribute-maps can be shown to be a refinement of the concept of mutual information).
  • the process described above can determine that for a particular user, the term “bonds” is related to the terms “company”, “buy”, “business”, “bank”, “dow”, “earning", “share”, and “market”.
  • a search-engine query can be enhanced, or search results filtered, based on the known related terms.
  • each web document retrieved by an individual or member of a group 90 is parsed by a personal agent 150 and stored in an inverted index kept in the common agent environment 170.
  • universal agents 160 extract document-correlative terms and compute mutual information (or an attribute-map), thus incrementally creating term-relation information which is also stored in the common agent environment 170.
  • a personal agent 150 inspects the outbound query for terms with known relations (based on the accumulated ontological information stored in the Common Agent Environment 170), and augments the query with related terms using Boolean and/or proximity operators. This inspection and augmentation process must obviously be enabled in a custom fashion per each source of web information, given that their query syntaxes and request formats are varied.
  • a simple conjunctive enhancement of the query "bonds" using the term relations given above can improve the results of a search on a typical search engine on "bonds" from the top hits:
  • Associative browsing history and reminder ⁇ the entire history of a user's browsing can be maintained for them (if desired), with all acquired resources (i.e., pages, documents, product descriptions) being conceptually indexed.
  • Conceptual indexing means indexing documents based on content-bearing phrases, rather than on words. The basic idea is to find the important concepts in the document if possible. There are a variety of approaches to this, from natural language parsing for identification of noun-phrases to heuristics which take advantage of layout semantics such as HTML formatting, to various statistical techniques.
  • new resources which are encountered are compared with the browsing history.
  • Previously-acquired resources which are related to the current one are made easily available for comparison according to the conceptual indexing and retrieval technique being used.
  • Links links on pages which have been previously acquired by a group, or on pages from sources which may otherwise be of interest to a user, can be followed by universal, i.e., autonomous, agents 160 by extracting the URL of the link and reading the associated web document from the server at which it resides.
  • the documents found are evaluated for significance according to the conceptual indexing and retrieval scheme.
  • the links are altered to highlight or emphasize those leading to more significant resources.
  • Automatic reference annotation by adding links — terms and concepts of interest to a user 90 or group, when appearing in web resources being acquired, are altered to become links to reference sources. The same could be done for obscure vocabulary which may need defining.
  • the term or vocabulary knowledge of a particular user could be learned based on which annotations they use, and resource enhancement adjusted accordingly.
  • Group commentary a user 90 within a group (such as a company) creates commentary for a resource they have found, which may appear anywhere on the web. When another user within the group retrieves the same resource, the commentary is provided automatically along with it (optionally, of course). An index of commented resources is available to users 90, arranged by group.
  • Web-pages as chat rooms ⁇ every page on the web can become a chat room, allowing users viewing that page at any given time to talk with others who are there simultaneously.
  • Common browsing patterns ⁇ web resources which are accessed in a regular pattern by a given user 90 can be enhanced with off-line loading and conceptual indexing.
  • Correlated resources ⁇ resources on certain sites may be accessed in a correlated fashion by members of a group. This fact can be used during the browsing activity to pre-load resources which are likely to be accessed next, given recent accesses.
  • Translation the system could provide "Babelfish” functionality, translating web- pages on the fly.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un serveur Web mandataire pouvant être augmenté de façon intelligente qui est capable de comprendre les activités à dessein des utilisateurs et des groupes qu'il dessert, et qui permet également de développer leur expérience du Web par une modification des informations qu'ils reçoivent et qu'ils envoient allant dans le sens d'une organisation plus rationnelle des échanges. Ledit système comprend la couche serveur mandataire, une couche de soutien d'agents située sur la couche serveur mandataire, et un couche d'application agent située sur la couche soutient d'agents. La couche soutien d'agents, qui sert d'interface avec la couche serveur mandataire, comporte des guichets de requête qui gèrent un groupe d'agents personnels spécialisés dans l'analyse et la transformation du flux d'échange Web d'un utilisateur spécifique, et un environnement agents commun à travers lequel les agents de la couche d'application agent peuvent échanger des informations. Outre les agents personnels gérés par le guichet de requête, la couche d'application agent comprend également des agents universels qui fonctionnent de façon indépendamment des activités des utilisateurs de manière à parcourir et à comprendre les sources d'informations disponibles sur le Web en fonction des informations rassemblées par les agents personnels.
PCT/US2000/016403 1999-06-15 2000-06-14 Serveur web mandataire capable de personnalisation utilisateur pouvant etre augmente de façon intelligente WO2000077967A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU57392/00A AU5739200A (en) 1999-06-15 2000-06-14 Intelligently augmentable web proxy server with per-user customization capability
EP00942822A EP1110154A2 (fr) 1999-06-15 2000-06-14 Serveur web mandataire capable de personnalisation utilisateur pouvant etre augmente de fa on intelligente

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33381099A 1999-06-15 1999-06-15
US09/333,810 1999-06-15

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000077967A2 true WO2000077967A2 (fr) 2000-12-21
WO2000077967A3 WO2000077967A3 (fr) 2001-05-03

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EP (1) EP1110154A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU5739200A (fr)
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EP1248207A1 (fr) * 2001-04-03 2002-10-09 Hewlett-Packard Company Méthode et appareil pour obtenir des informations spécifiques à un utilisateur depuis une base de données source et d'une ressource web
GB2375620A (en) * 2001-01-23 2002-11-20 Games By Design Ltd Interactive internet system
WO2003030024A1 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-10 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Systemes d'information
US7043575B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2006-05-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Bus function authentication method, apparatus and computer program

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US6029175A (en) * 1995-10-26 2000-02-22 Teknowledge Corporation Automatic retrieval of changed files by a network software agent
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2375620A (en) * 2001-01-23 2002-11-20 Games By Design Ltd Interactive internet system
EP1248207A1 (fr) * 2001-04-03 2002-10-09 Hewlett-Packard Company Méthode et appareil pour obtenir des informations spécifiques à un utilisateur depuis une base de données source et d'une ressource web
US7043575B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2006-05-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Bus function authentication method, apparatus and computer program
WO2003030024A1 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-10 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Systemes d'information

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EP1110154A2 (fr) 2001-06-27
WO2000077967A3 (fr) 2001-05-03

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