WO2000075733A1 - Traitement des aberrations des images provenant d'hologrammes produits par ordinateur - Google Patents

Traitement des aberrations des images provenant d'hologrammes produits par ordinateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000075733A1
WO2000075733A1 PCT/GB2000/001898 GB0001898W WO0075733A1 WO 2000075733 A1 WO2000075733 A1 WO 2000075733A1 GB 0001898 W GB0001898 W GB 0001898W WO 0075733 A1 WO0075733 A1 WO 0075733A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cgh
optical components
data
light
aberration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/001898
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English (en)
Inventor
Douglas Pain
Christopher W. Slinger
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Holographic Imaging Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Holographic Imaging Llc filed Critical Holographic Imaging Llc
Priority to JP2001501944A priority Critical patent/JP2003501697A/ja
Priority to EP00927598A priority patent/EP1183572A1/fr
Priority to AU45989/00A priority patent/AU4598900A/en
Priority to CA002375514A priority patent/CA2375514A1/fr
Publication of WO2000075733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000075733A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2294—Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
    • G03H1/0808—Methods of numerical synthesis, e.g. coherent ray tracing [CRT], diffraction specific
    • G03H2001/0833—Look up table
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
    • G03H1/2205—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements using downstream optical component
    • G03H2001/221—Element having optical power, e.g. field lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
    • G03H2001/2236—Details of the viewing window
    • G03H2001/2239—Enlarging the viewing window
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
    • G03H2001/2273—Pseudo-dynamic holobject, e.g. due to angle multiplexing and viewer motion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2210/00—Object characteristics
    • G03H2210/30—3D object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2223/00—Optical components
    • G03H2223/24—Reflector; Mirror

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to computer generated holographic images.
  • Holography is a technique for generating 3D images having all the depth cues present.
  • Computer generated holograms are an important method for creating images of non-existent (or synthetic) objects. Provided the synthetic image can be described by some form of data structure, a computer can then calculate the holographic pattern in some design plane. This is equivalent to the interference pattern recorded by a photosensitive material in conventional (interferometric) hologram formation. The calculated CGH pattern is then applied to a spatial light modulator (SLM) which modulates readout light incident upon it. This modulated light propagates to yield the desired 3D image which can be viewed by a human observer.
  • SLM spatial light modulator
  • the inherent resolution limitations of the CGH SLM displays necessitate that the light diffracted by the CGH is magnified by scaling optics to generate images of the required size / and field of view EOF (the EOF is a quantity defining the region in which an observer's eyes have to be positioned to see all of the image generated by the hologram). If a conventional approach is taken, these optics invariably introduce distortions and aberrations in to the scaled images. For high-end applications, such degradations in image quality may be unacceptable.
  • phase screen multiplier involves the multiplication of a hologram by a two dimensional phase distribution which is independent of the image being reconstructed. Unfortunately, this technique relies on a paraxial approximation, so large images of significant FOV can only be corrected with limited success.
  • a method of generating computer generated hologram (CGH) data for application to a spatial light modulator of a holographic display to display a three dimensional holographic image comprising: determining the aberration of light at optical components of the holographic display; and defining said CGH data to compensate for the effects of the determined aberration.
  • CGH computer generated hologram
  • a CGH can be designed to fully or partially compensate for the effects of the optical components.
  • the pattern applied to the SLM can be generated so that a perfect or nearly perfect holographic image is formed by the display.
  • the determination of the aberration caused by the optical components may be performed by a number of techniques, but preferably comprises determining the path length of light rays introduced by the optical components.
  • the path length of light rays between the spatial light modulator and the three dimensional holographic image may therefore be used in the definition of said CGH data.
  • the CGH data may be defined so that light emitted from the spatial light modulator compensates for the aberrations introduced by the optical components.
  • an interpolation function may preferably be used to determine the path length of the light rays between the spatial light modulator and the three dimensional holographic image.
  • the results of the determination of the aberration of light introduced by the optical components of the display may be saved in a look-up table. This is particularly useful for applications where reconfigurable or dynamic images are required to be generated.
  • the optical system may be designed to exhibit particular aberrations such that, when aberration compensation is carried out in the definition of the CGH data, increased field of view in the three dimensional holographic image is achieved.
  • the optical components may comprise one or more curved mirrors.
  • the compensation for the effects of aberration may be effected by determining the position and orientation of an image generated by the spatial light modulator on the basis of the viewing angle of an observer, so as to generate a three dimensional holographic image behind the convex mirror which appears stationary as the observer moves.
  • a holographic display comprising: a computer arranged to generate and / or store computer generated hologram (CGH) data; a spatial light modulator coupled to the computer for receiving the CGH data; optical components arranged in the light path of the spatial light modulator for causing a three dimensional holographic image to be displayed; wherein the CGH data is defined to compensate for the effects of the aberration of light caused by said optical components.
  • CGH computer generated hologram
  • a computer storage medium having stored thereon computer generated hologram (CGH) data intended to form a light modulation pattern at a spatial light modulator of a holographic display, said CGH data including compensation for the effects of aberrations occurring at optical components of the display.
  • CGH computer generated hologram
  • aberration is intended to refer to distortions, rotations, translations etc. which would otherwise cause the displayed image to deviate from the intended holographic image. Aberrations may result from the use of either perfect or non-perfect optical components.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the coherent raytrace method for generating a computer generated hologram
  • Figure 2 A illustrates imperfect monochromatic imaging of 3 collinear points in an off- axis parabolic mirror system
  • Figure 2B illustrates the imperfect imaging of the three points of Figure 2 A in more detail
  • Figure 3 shows a corrected CGH producing 4 collinear diffraction limited points
  • Figure 4 illustrates the calculation of the optical path from points on the image to respective CGH sample points
  • Figure 5 shows three different views of an image
  • Figure 6 shows an increase in viewing angle obtainable with a curved mirror.
  • the fundamental task of holographic generation is to generate a pattern which will diffract light to produce a required 3D image.
  • an object is illuminated with coherent light.
  • the light from the object propagates to a design plane. From a knowledge of the light field at the design plane, it is possible to generate a reversed light field which, when created, will allow reproduction of the required 3D image in space.
  • Holography is the technique which makes this process possible, as it stores and allows replay of the complex light field pattern in the design plane.
  • Computer generated holography allows this process to be done for synthetic (non-existent) objects.
  • the first stage in determining the required CGH pattern is to calculate the electric field distribution which would be generated by the synthetic object.
  • the required pattern to be applied to a spatial light modulator (SLM) is determined from this electric field distribution at the design plane.
  • Figure 1 shows a technique used to determine the pattern applied to a SLM at the design plane for a typical CGH.
  • a data field is generated for the coordinates in space of an imaginary object 2, relative to a design plane 4.
  • the design plane is pixellated, and light rays are traced coherently to each pixel from each point on the object 'visible' from that pixel.
  • the complex electric fields caused by each light ray are coherently summed at each pixel.
  • Sophisticated radiosity models can be incorporated to determine accurately the strength of light rays (specular and diffuse reflection from the object surfaces, multiple light sources and reflections).
  • CTR Coherent Raytrace Technique
  • this information must be stored in some modulating structure, prior to being replayed by a light wave to generate the required 3D image.
  • the technique of holography with its concept of a reference wave, allows complex electric field distributions to be stored as real quantities. This permits the use of amplitude or phase modulated systems to generate the required 3D images.
  • Figure 2A shows a simple ray trace analysis of a CGH 6 designed in the usual way to generate three collinear points 8, equidistant from the eyes of an observer 10, using an off-axis parabolic mirror 12.
  • the raytrace analysis shown in more detail in Figure 2B, shows that blurred points are generally reconstructed.
  • the central point 14 is sharp and in the desired position, the two points 16, 18 on either side are both blurred and no longer in the plane required - the light rays 20 do not all cross at the required points in space, or indeed at any single location.
  • the images 16, 18 of these outer points would therefore appear to an observer to be in incorrect positions and blurred, and their apparent positions would shift with the location of the observer.
  • the correction technique can be regarded as a backward raytrace.
  • the path length information determines the corrected CGH pattern at the design plane 6, such that, if the CGH is constructed and replayed, the images of the three points will be properly generated as diffraction limited points in the correct (i.e. design) locations.
  • the correction in the CGH pattern at the design plane 6 due to the different path lengths is performed when the coherent summing of complex electric fields takes place as described above. In other words, the behaviour of the light through the optics after it has left the SLM is used when calculating the CGH pattern applied to the SLM.
  • Figure 3 shows such a system in operation.
  • the technique is, in principle, applicable to the generation of near arbitrary 3D images through a variety of imperfect optical elements, provided the characteristics of the optical elements are known a priori.
  • the ability to compensate for a wide range of optical elements is important.
  • the use of spherical optical forms (as opposed to aspherics used in the figures above) can allow cost savings, these being particularly significant for the large aperture optics sometimes required for systems containing high complexity CGH.
  • An important consideration is the computational requirements in the above approach. Determination of the required optical paths, for images having significant volume through multielement systems, is non-trivial. Even for the single element system shown in Figure 2, no general analytic solutions for the optical paths can be determined - typically numerical solutions using Fermat's principle have to be used.
  • Figure 4 shows a representation of the optical path calculation from a point 30 on an image with co-ordinates ⁇ x p ,y p z p ⁇ , to the CGH sample point 32 with co-ordinates ⁇ xc,y c .Zc ⁇ for a specific optical element shape ⁇ .
  • a mirror surface is assumed and the ray path calculation requires determination of the position 34 at which the ray strikes the mirror, with co-ordinates
  • a CGH can be thought of as providing different images according to the observer's angle of view. Typically these images would be the appropriate perspective views as expected for a real object, but this need not be the case.
  • the limited range of viewing angles inherent in the CGH replay means that the observer would normally only be able to see a small way round the sides of the cube.
  • Figure 5 demonstrates this technique, and shows how, by rotating the image as the viewing angle changes, an observer can see further round the image of a cube.
  • an observer 36 views the image of a cube 40 from nearly straight onto one of its faces, i.e. substantially along the axis 38.
  • the observer 36 has increased the viewing angle by moving away from the axis 38, and the image of the cube 40 has rotated in the opposite direction, allowing him to see more of the top face.
  • the observer 36 has moved even further, and the image of the cube 40 has rotated so far that he is almost looking directly at the top face. This means, of course, that the image no longer behaves like a real object (which may be undesirable) and it is necessary to identify an aberrating or non-imaging optic that makes the image appear stationary whilst still permitting a wide viewing angle.
  • an observer 42 views the system along the axis 48 of a convex mirror 44, an image 46 generated by the CGH (not shown) is located on the axis 48 , so that the reflection 50 (and thus the image seen by the observer) is located on the axis behind the mirror 44.
  • the phase information in the CGH can be arranged so that the image 46 generated by the CGH has moved and rotated to a new position 54.
  • the data encoded at the SLM uses information about the behaviour of the light after it has left the SLM to provide a different image when the observer looks at a different part of the CGH.
  • the reflection 50 of the image 54 will appear to be in the same position as when the system was viewed along the axis. However, the diffraction angle relative to the axis of the image is still small.
  • a beam splitter (not shown) is required to allow viewing of the reflected image without it being obscured by the CGH display system.
  • the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above.
  • the technique has been described for CGHs calculated by the coherent raytrace technique (CRT), whereas the invention will work for a CGH calculated by any technique.
  • a coherent raytrace could be used to determine the aberration correction required even if the eventual CGH is not designed by the CRT method.
  • the aberration compensation could also be achieved by examination of test images produced by the CGH in an actual system, altering the CGH iteratively until the required image is produced.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de génération de données à appliquer au modulateur spatial de lumière (6) d'un afficheur holographique utilisé pour l'affichage d'une image holographique tridimensionnelle (8). A cet effet, on commence par une évaluation de l'aberration de lumière au niveau des composants optiques (12) de l'afficheur holographique, puis on définit lesdites données de façon à corriger les effets de l'aberration telle qu'évaluée.
PCT/GB2000/001898 1999-06-09 2000-05-18 Traitement des aberrations des images provenant d'hologrammes produits par ordinateur WO2000075733A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001501944A JP2003501697A (ja) 1999-06-09 2000-05-18 コンピュータ生成ホログラムに基づく画像の収差制御
EP00927598A EP1183572A1 (fr) 1999-06-09 2000-05-18 Traitement des aberrations des images provenant d'hologrammes produits par ordinateur
AU45989/00A AU4598900A (en) 1999-06-09 2000-05-18 Abberation control of images from computer generated holograms
CA002375514A CA2375514A1 (fr) 1999-06-09 2000-05-18 Traitement des aberrations des images provenant d'hologrammes produits par ordinateur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9913265.6 1999-06-09
GB9913265A GB2350961A (en) 1999-06-09 1999-06-09 Determining optical aberrations and compensating therefor in computer generated holograms

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WO2000075733A1 true WO2000075733A1 (fr) 2000-12-14

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EP (1) EP1183572A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003501697A (fr)
AU (1) AU4598900A (fr)
CA (1) CA2375514A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2350961A (fr)
TW (1) TW516005B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000075733A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007071391A2 (fr) 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Seereal Technologies S.A. Procédé pour la compensation d'une perception de luminosité non homogène dans des scènes reconstruites de manière holographique
DE102006031942A1 (de) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-24 Seereal Technologies S.A. Verfahren zum Eliminieren einer in homogenen Helligkeitswahrnehmung bei einer holographischen Rekonstruktion von Szenen
DE102007005823A1 (de) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-07 Seereal Technologies S.A. Optische Wellenfrontkorrektur für ein holographisches Projektionssystem
US20100165429A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-07-01 Light Blue Optics Ltd. Optical systems
RU184830U1 (ru) * 2018-07-31 2018-11-12 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Оптическая схема измерителя фазовых искажений оптических волновых полей на основе световодной пластины и пространственного модулятора света

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JP4412576B2 (ja) * 2002-10-16 2010-02-10 大日本印刷株式会社 立体マイクロパターン表示体
DE102006042467A1 (de) * 2006-09-09 2008-03-27 Seereal Technologies S.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kodierung von computergenerierten Hologrammen in pixelierten Lichtmodulatoren
DE102007024235B4 (de) * 2007-05-21 2009-04-30 Seereal Technologies S.A. Holografisches Rekonstruktionssystem sowie -verfahren mit erweitertem Sichtbarkeitsbereich
JP4963467B2 (ja) * 2007-12-14 2012-06-27 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 ホログラムパターン発生装置、電子ホログラフィの非点収差補正方法、および、ホログラムパターン発生プログラム
GB201104235D0 (en) 2011-03-14 2011-04-27 Cambridge Entpr Ltd Optical beam routing apparatus and methods
KR102607175B1 (ko) * 2016-09-05 2023-11-28 주식회사 케이티 홀로그램 장치에서 색수차를 보정하는 방법 및 시스템
GB201620744D0 (en) 2016-12-06 2017-01-18 Roadmap Systems Ltd Multimode fibre optical switching systems

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007071391A2 (fr) 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Seereal Technologies S.A. Procédé pour la compensation d'une perception de luminosité non homogène dans des scènes reconstruites de manière holographique
DE102006031942A1 (de) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-24 Seereal Technologies S.A. Verfahren zum Eliminieren einer in homogenen Helligkeitswahrnehmung bei einer holographischen Rekonstruktion von Szenen
DE102006031942B4 (de) * 2006-07-11 2016-03-24 Seereal Technologies S.A. Verfahren zum Eliminieren einer inhomogenen Helligkeitswahrnehmung bei einer holographischen Rekonstruktion von Szenen
DE102007005823A1 (de) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-07 Seereal Technologies S.A. Optische Wellenfrontkorrektur für ein holographisches Projektionssystem
US20100165429A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-07-01 Light Blue Optics Ltd. Optical systems
RU184830U1 (ru) * 2018-07-31 2018-11-12 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) Оптическая схема измерителя фазовых искажений оптических волновых полей на основе световодной пластины и пространственного модулятора света

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JP2003501697A (ja) 2003-01-14
GB9913265D0 (en) 1999-08-04
EP1183572A1 (fr) 2002-03-06
TW516005B (en) 2003-01-01
AU4598900A (en) 2000-12-28
CA2375514A1 (fr) 2000-12-14
GB2350961A (en) 2000-12-13

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