WO2000072892A1 - Couche a regulation de pression osmotique - Google Patents

Couche a regulation de pression osmotique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000072892A1
WO2000072892A1 PCT/US2000/014759 US0014759W WO0072892A1 WO 2000072892 A1 WO2000072892 A1 WO 2000072892A1 US 0014759 W US0014759 W US 0014759W WO 0072892 A1 WO0072892 A1 WO 0072892A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
osmolality
skin hydration
personal care
fibers
skin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/014759
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Arthur Davis
Pamela Jean Mayberry
Michael Tod Morman
Original Assignee
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/364,214 external-priority patent/US6215038B1/en
Application filed by Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. filed Critical Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority to MXPA01011825A priority Critical patent/MXPA01011825A/es
Priority to AU53014/00A priority patent/AU5301400A/en
Publication of WO2000072892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000072892A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/18—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties

Definitions

  • This invention relates to absorbent articles, particularly absorbent structures that are useful in personal care products such as disposable diapers, incontinence guards, childcare training pants, feminine hygiene products and the like. (The reference to “diapers” in the title is merely illustrative).
  • Personal care products include absorbent articles like diapers, training pants, incontinence devices, feminine hygiene products and the like. These products are designed to absorb and contain body exudates and are generally single-use or disposable items which are discarded after a relatively short period of use - usually a period of hours - and are not intended to be washed and reused. Such products are placed against or in proximity to the wearer's body to absorb and contain various exudates discharged from the body. All of these products typically include a liquid permeable bodyside liner or cover, a liquid impermeable outer cover or backsheet, and an absorbent structure disposed between the bodyside liner and outer cover.
  • the liquid impermeable outer cover may be breathable, i.e., permeable to water vapor.
  • urination can occur at rates as high as 15 to 20 milliliters per second and at velocities as high as 280 centimeters per second.
  • the volume of urine released per occurrence can vary from about a nominal amount to about 100 ml. It's important for the absorbent article to rapidly uptake liquid to avoid excessive pooling of liquid on the body-facing surface of the bodyside liner in order to avoid leakage. Even if absorbed, however, any liquid in the article contributes to the overall humidity near the wearer' skin, causing discomfort and potential skin health problems due to skin hydration. The problem of excessive humidity near the skin in an absorbent article has been addressed in the art through a number of means.
  • US Patent 5,137,525 for example, uses mechanical means to increase airflow in the article. Breathable outer covers allow air and water vapor diffusion and have been mentioned previously. Osmotic agents have been investigated for use in personal care products to a minor extent. US Patent 5,108,383 to Lloyd White, dated April 28, 1992, for example, discusses the use of materials such as sodium chloride, sugars and other water soluble salts as osmotic promoters in diapers and the like. The agent is enclosed in a film packet or bag that is placed in the article to encourage the absorption of large quantities of liquid.
  • the packet which could also include wood fluff and other absorbing materials, outer non-absorbing sheets, fasteners and the like, is placed in a composite structure designed to pick up and retain fluids.
  • the osmotic agent does not leave the packet but encourages the flow of liquid into the packet by osmotic pressure so the packet functions like a layer of superabsorbent, absorbing large volumes of fluid.
  • agents that can remove water from the skin or reduce water absorption into the skin are provided.
  • the present invention provides for such reduced skin hydration within an absorbent article. More particularly, the invention relates to absorbent articles that reduce the hydration of the skin by modifying osmotic pressure through the use of agents.
  • a personal care product having an osmolality changing agent incorporated into it achieves the objects of this invention.
  • the osmolality changing agent functions by dissolving in the water (urine) released by the wearer, thus increasing the concentration of the agent in the water in the product and causing molecular water to pass outwardly through the skin cellular boundary to dilute the solution by osmotic action.
  • the agent can reduce skin hydration significantly.
  • intracellular fluid fluid within cells
  • a solution outside of the cell e.g., outside of the body
  • Such a material may preferably be used in modern fiber forming processes like spunbonding and meltblowing. The reduction of skin hydration may reduce skin redness and irritation.
  • Disposable includes being disposed of after usually a single use and not intended to be washed and reused.
  • Layer when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of a single element or a plurality of elements.
  • Liquid means a nongaseous substance and/or material that flows and can assume the interior shape of a container into which it is poured or placed.
  • Liquid communication means that liquid such as urine is able to travel from one location to another location.
  • Particles refers to any geometric form such as, but not limited to, spherical grains, cylindrical fibers or strands, or the like.
  • spunbonded fibers refers to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine capillaries of a spinneret.
  • Such a process is disclosed in, for example, US Patent 4,340,563 to Appel et al., and US Patent 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al., US Patent 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., US Patents 3,338,992 and 3,341 ,394 to Kinney, US Patent 3,502,763 to Hartman, and US Patent 3,542,615 to Dobo et al.
  • the fibers may also have shapes such as those described in US Patents 5,277,976 to Hogle et al., US Patent 5,466,410 to Hills and 5,069,970 and 5,057,368 to Largman et al., which describe fibers with unconventional shapes.
  • Meltblown fibers means fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine die capillaries as molten filaments into converging high velocity, usually hot, gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter. Such a process is disclosed, for example, in US Patent 3,849,241. Meltblown fibers are microfibers which may be continuous or discontinuous, and are generally smaller than 10 microns in average diameter.
  • Conjugate fibers refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers arranged in substantially constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross- section of the fibers and which extend continuously along the length of the fibers. Conjugate fibers are taught in US Patent 5,108,820 to Kaneko et al., US Patent 5,336,552 to Strack et al., and US Patent 5,382,400 to Pike et al.
  • Body fibers refers to fibers, which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from the same extruder as a blend. Fibers of this general type are discussed in, for example, US Patent 5,108,827 to Gessner.
  • Bodyded carded web refers to webs that are made from staple fibers which are sent through a combing or carding unit, which separates or breaks apart and aligns the staple fibers in the machine direction to form a generally machine direction-oriented fibrous nonwoven web. Such fibers are usually purchased in bales, which are placed in an opener/blender, or picker, which separates the fibers prior to the carding unit.
  • the web is formed, it then is bonded by one or more of several known bonding methods.
  • One such bonding method is powder bonding, wherein a powdered adhesive is distributed through the web and then activated, usually by heating the web and adhesive with hot air.
  • Another suitable bonding method is pattern bonding, wherein heated calender rolls or ultrasonic bonding equipment are used to bond the fibers together, usually in a localized bond pattern, though the web can be bonded across its entire surface if so desired.
  • Another suitable and well-known bonding method, particularly when using conjugate staple fibers, is through-air bonding.
  • Airlaying is a well-known process by which a fibrous nonwoven layer can be formed.
  • bundles of small fibers having typical lengths ranging from about 3 to about 19 millimeters (mm) are separated and entrained in an air supply and then deposited onto a forming screen, usually with the assistance of a vacuum supply.
  • the randomly deposited fibers then are bonded to one another using, for example, hot air or a spray adhesive.
  • Personal care product means diapers, training pants, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence products, feminine hygiene products, wound care items like bandages, and other articles.
  • Armband Skin Hydration Test The purpose of this test is to mimic the wearing of a wet diaper by a baby and to then measure the effect of the moisture on the skin.
  • a model personal care product about 4 by 12 inches (10 by 30.5 cm) is made using typical diaper liner, absorbent and film (outercover). Leg elastic is used along the long edges. This model is stretched in length, wrapped around the forearm of a volunteer, and secured with tape. The tape is placed in the length direction of the product so it does not contact the skin.
  • Elastic netting is stretched and placed over the model to hold it in place on the forearm.
  • the desired amount of liquid is injected between the skin and the model.
  • the armbands are worn for 1 hour and the skin hydration assessed using an Evaporimeter model ServoMed EP1 , made by ServoMed AB in Sweden, by placing the Evaporimeter sensor on the skin. Evaporimeter results are reported in g/m 2 in two minutes.
  • Surge control materials the "S" in SC, are provided to quickly accept the incoming insult and either absorb, hold, channel or otherwise manage the liquid so that it does not leak outside the article.
  • the surge layer may also be referred to as an intake layer, transfer layer, transport layer and the like.
  • a surge material must typically be capable of handling an incoming insult of between about 60 and 100 ml at an insult volumetric flow rate of from about 5 to 20 ml/sec, for infants, for example.
  • Containment or retention materials, the "C” in SC must absorb the insult quickly and efficiently. They are in liquid communication with the surge layer and should be capable of pulling the liquid from the surge layer and absorbing the liquid without significant blocking of penetration of liquid further into the absorbent.
  • Retention materials are often high rate superabsorbent materials such as blends of polyacrylate superabsorbent and fluff. These materials rapidly absorb and hold liquid.
  • Distribution materials the "D” in SDC, must be capable of moving fluid from the point of initial deposition to where storage is desired. Distribution must take place at an acceptable rate such that the target insult area, generally the crotch area, is ready for the next insult. By “ready for the next insult” it is meant that sufficient liquid has been moved out of the target zone so that the next insult results in liquid absorption and runoff within acceptable volumes.
  • the time between insults can range from just a few minutes to hours, generally depending on the age of the wearer.
  • Absorbent products such as, for example, diapers, generally also have a liner which goes against the wearer and a backsheet which is the most exterior layer.
  • An absorbent product may also contain other layers as well.
  • the liner is sometimes referred to as a bodyside liner or topsheet and is adjacent the surge material.
  • the liner material is the layer against the wearer's skin and so the first layer in contact with liquid or other exudate from the wearer.
  • the liner further serves to isolate the wearer's skin from the liquids held in an absorbent structure and should be compliant, soft feeling and non-irritating.
  • Various materials can be used in forming the bodyside liner of the present invention, including apertured plastic films, woven fabrics, nonwoven webs, porous foams, reticulated foams and the like. Nonwoven materials have been found particularly suitable for use in forming the bodyside liner.
  • the nonwoven web can be surface treated with a selected amount of surfactant, such as TRITON® X-102 or ACHOVEL® surfactant in an amount between about 0.05 and 0.5 weight percent, or otherwise processed to impart the desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. If a surfactant is used, it can be an internal additive that migrates to the surface or applied to the web by any conventional means, such as spraying, printing, dipping, brush coating and the like.
  • the surge layer is most typically interposed between and in intimate, liquid communicating contact with the bodyside liner and another layer such as a distribution or retention layer.
  • the surge layer is generally subjacent the inner (unexposed) surface of bodyside liner.
  • Suitable conventional attachment techniques may be utilized, including without limitation, adhesive bonding (using water-based, solvent-based and thermally activated adhesives), thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, needling and pin aperturing, as well as combinations of the foregoing or other appropriate attachment methods.
  • the surge layer may be a nonwoven fabric layer composed of a meltblown or spunbond web of polyolefin filaments.
  • Such nonwoven fabric layers may include conjugate, biconstituent and homopolymer fibers of staple or other lengths and mixtures of such fibers with other types of fibers.
  • the surge layer also can be a bonded-carded web or an airlaid web composed of natural and/or synthetic fibers.
  • the bonded-carded web may, for example, be a powder bonded carded web, an infrared bonded carded web, or a through-air bonded carded web.
  • surge materials may be found in US Patent 5,490,846 to Ellis et al. and in US Patent 5,364,382 to Latimer.
  • Surge layers may be composed of a substantially hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material may optionally be treated with a surfactant or otherwise processed to impart a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. Surge layers can have a generally uniform thickness and cross-sectional area.
  • a distribution layer if present, must be capable of moving fluid from the point of initial deposition to where storage is desired. Distribution must take place at an acceptable rate such that the target insult area, generally the crotch area, is ready for the next insult. The time between insults can range from just a few minutes to hours, generally depending on the age of the wearer.
  • Materials from which the distribution layer may be made include woven fabrics and nonwoven webs.
  • the distribution layer may be a nonwoven fabric layer composed of a meltblown or spunbond web of polyolefin, polyester, polyamide (or other web-forming polymer) filaments.
  • Such nonwoven fabric layers may include conjugate, biconstituent and homopolymer fibers of staple or other lengths and mixtures of such fibers with other types of fibers.
  • the distribution layer also can be a bonded-carded web, an airlaid web or a wetiaid pulp structure composed of natural and/or synthetic fibers or a combination thereof.
  • Retention materials are typically cellulosic materials or superabsorbents or mixtures thereof. Such materials are usually designed to quickly absorb liquids and hold them without, usually without release. Superabsorbents are commercially available from a number of manufactures including Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Ml and Stockhausen Corporation of Greensboro, NC. Retention materials may be zoned and their compositions chosen to move liquids away from the target zone to more remote storage locations. Such a design more efficiently uses the entire absorbent article.
  • the backsheet is sometimes referred to as the outer cover and is the farthest layer from the wearer.
  • the outer cover is typically formed of a thin thermoplastic film, such as polyethylene film, which is substantially impermeable to liquid.
  • the outer cover functions to prevent body exudates contained in an absorbent structure from wetting or soiling the wearer's clothing, bedding, or other materials contacting the diaper.
  • the outer cover may be, for example, a polyethylene film having an initial thickness of from about 0.5 mil (0.012 millimeter) to about 5.0 mil (0.12 millimeter).
  • the polymer film outer cover may be embossed and/or matte finished to provide a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.
  • outer cover examples include woven or nonwoven fibrous webs that have been constructed or treated to impart the desired level of liquid impermeability, or laminates formed of a woven or nonwoven fabric and thermoplastic film.
  • the outer cover may optionally be composed of a vapor or gas permeable, "breathable" material, that is permeable to vapors or gas yet substantially impermeable to liquid.
  • Backings may also serve the function of a mating member for mechanical fasteners, in the case, for example, where a nonwoven fabric is the outer surface.
  • the osmolality changing agent functions by dissolving in the water (urine) released by the wearer, thus increasing the concentration of the agent in the water. This increases the osmolality of the liquid in the personal care product to a value greater than that of the intracellular fluid. This causes water to pass outwardly through the cellular boundary (wall) of the wearer's skin to dilute the solution.
  • This process known, as osmosis, is the tendency of a fluid, e.g. water, to pass through a semi-permeable membrane, such as the wall of a living skin cell, into a solution of higher concentration, so as to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane.
  • Osmolality changing agents include those that ionize like NaCI, CaBr 2 , KCI, CaCI 2 , LiCI and NaBr as well as those that do not, like methanol, urea, dextrose and glycerol.
  • the amount of a chosen agent that will change the osmolality of a solution to above about 300 mOs/kg will vary with the particular agent.
  • Necessary concentrations of exemplary osmolality changing agents in an aqueous solution in weight percent are, for example, CaCl 2 , 1.5; NaCI, 1 ; D-fructose 5.5; D-glucose (dextrose), 5; NaHCO 3 , 3; glycerol, 3; methanol, 1 ; LiCI, 0.75; urea, 2; KCI, 1.5; and NaBr, 2 (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 57 th edition, 1976-1977, published by CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, at pages D- 218 - 267). It should be noted that these concentrations are based on solutions in water.
  • the agent for use in this invention is preferably amenable to use in continuous fiber production processes like airforming, meltblowing, spunbonding, bonding and carding and airlaying. In this manner, it may be incorporated into current converting processes with little adjustment and used in virtually any of the layers of personal care products currently made.
  • an agent could be attached to the fibers of a web like the liner or to a superabsorbent/pulp layer through the use of an adhesive or binder or added to the fiber as long as it could get into solution with the melt spinning polymers. If the fibers were meltspun, particulate osmolality changing agents could be added to the fibers as they were produced, adhering to the semi-molten fibers and remaining there after the fibers completely cooled. If the osmolality changing agent were a liquid, it could be sprayed on the web, or the web dipped into the agent, after production.
  • armband skin hydration testing was performed.
  • the armband had an absorbent of fluff placed between the arm and the band.
  • a normal saline solution of 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride was added to the absorbent of a first (control) armband at the volume of 6 grams of fluid per gram of absorbent.
  • a saline solution of 7.4 weight percent of osmolality changing agent sodium chloride was added to the absorbent of a second armband at the same addition volume. The surface tension of both solutions was adjusted to about 55 dynes/cm.
  • the skin hydration was measured and found to be 1.73 g/m 2 in two minutes for the control and 1.24 g/m 2 in two minutes for the high saline armband, a reduction of 28 percent.
  • This experiment was repeated on a different subject and skin hydration was found to be 1.4 g/m 2 in two minutes for the control and 0.97 g/m 2 in two minutes for the high saline solution, a reduction of 30 percent.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit d'hygiène personnelle renfermant un agent de modification de l'osmolarité qui permet d'atteindre les objectifs de la présente invention. L'agent peut réduire l'hydratation de la peau de façon importante en augmentant l'osmolarité d'une solution externe à la peau mais en contact avec celle-ci, de façon à entraîner un déplacement de l'eau au-delà des limites cellulaires de la peau pour diluer la solution. Une telle matière est de préférence compatible avec des procédés modernes de formation de fibres, tels que le liage à la filature et la fusion-soufflage. La réduction de l'hydratation de la peau peut réduire les rougeurs et les irritations causées par le contact des fluides.
PCT/US2000/014759 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Couche a regulation de pression osmotique WO2000072892A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXPA01011825A MXPA01011825A (es) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Panal con control de presion osmotica.
AU53014/00A AU5301400A (en) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Diaper with osmotic pressure control

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32261299A 1999-05-28 1999-05-28
US09/322,612 1999-05-28
US09/364,214 US6215038B1 (en) 1999-05-28 1999-07-29 Diaper with osmotic pressure control
US09/364,214 1999-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000072892A1 true WO2000072892A1 (fr) 2000-12-07

Family

ID=26983519

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2000/014759 WO2000072892A1 (fr) 1999-05-28 2000-05-26 Couche a regulation de pression osmotique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5301400A (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01011825A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000072892A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5082723A (en) * 1989-09-27 1992-01-21 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Osmotically enhanced absorbent structures
US5108383A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-04-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Membranes for absorbent packets
US5604200A (en) * 1994-05-02 1997-02-18 Taylor-Mccord; Darlene Wound therapeutic mixture containing medical grade hyaluronic acid and tissue culture grade plasma-fibronectin in a delivery system that creates a moist environment which simulates in utero healing
WO1999022684A1 (fr) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Matieres tissees avec deux ou plusieurs compositions de soin de la peau placees sur celles-ci et articles ainsi obtenus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5082723A (en) * 1989-09-27 1992-01-21 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Osmotically enhanced absorbent structures
US5108383A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-04-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Membranes for absorbent packets
US5604200A (en) * 1994-05-02 1997-02-18 Taylor-Mccord; Darlene Wound therapeutic mixture containing medical grade hyaluronic acid and tissue culture grade plasma-fibronectin in a delivery system that creates a moist environment which simulates in utero healing
WO1999022684A1 (fr) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Matieres tissees avec deux ou plusieurs compositions de soin de la peau placees sur celles-ci et articles ainsi obtenus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MXPA01011825A (es) 2002-05-06
AU5301400A (en) 2000-12-18

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