WO2000071405A1

WO2000071405A1 - Method of steering trailer, steering device, and vehicle such as trailer using the steering method or steering device

Info

Publication number: WO2000071405A1
Application number: PCT/JP2000/003176
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yasunobu Akashio
Original assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Sohshin
Priority date: 1999-05-25
Filing date: 2000-05-18
Publication date: 2000-11-30
Also published as: JP2000335440A; AU4614300A; TW517027B

Abstract

A method of steering a trailer, a steering device, and a vehicle such as a trailer using the steering method or the steering device, which can use a front steer shaft type trailer, having a steer shaft at the front part thereof and including a self-propelling vehicle such as a truck, by connecting it to a tractor in order to increase a physical distribution efficiency, and which have overcome a conventional difficulty in reverse movement, characterized in that front the steer shaft type trailer (2) having the steer shaft (1) installed at the front there of is towed by the tractor (5), the steer direction of the trailer (2) is steered, in conjunction with the tractor (5), by transmission members (14), (19), (20), (36), and (45) interlocked with the displacement of an intersecting angle of a towing bar (3), and the longitudinal running direction of the tractor (5) is detected and a transmission system of the transmission members is switched by a forward and reverse steer direction switching mechanism (9) to change the steer direction of the trailer (2) relative to the tractor (5).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The technical field of a vehicle such as a trailer steering method, a steering device, and a trailer equipped with the steering method or the steering device

The present invention relates to a trailer steering method, a steering device, and a vehicle such as a trailer equipped with the steering method or the steering device. Background art

Conventionally, a full truck is steered in conjunction with the movement of a truck, as shown in Fig. 12, as shown in Fig. 12, a front bogie with a rotating seat equipped with a power bra 71 as a rotating seat. (Dolly) 7 2 is connected to the king pin 7 4 of the trailer 73, and the dolly 7 2 is connected to the tractor 7 6 at the rear end of the runner eye 7 5 to the pin torque hook 7 7 at the rear end. As shown in Fig. 13, the rear type trailer and the rear bar type trailer 73 protrude from the drawbar 79 integrated with the trailer 73 with the axle 78 arranged in the center. The central axle type trailer (commonly known as the center-axle type trailer) connects the tractor 7 6 at the rear lower part of the drawer 7 9 to the tractor 7 6 rear end pin torque hook 7 7. ).

In the above-mentioned Dolly-type trailer, the Dolly-172, which is a coupling mechanism at the time of reverse movement, is pushed by the tractor 76 forcibly and the reversing direction is not determined, so that the rotating part of the Dolly-172 and the trailer 76 is rotated. We are taking measures such as adding a fixing device. However, reverse operation is difficult, and it is not at the level of reverse operation of a proven semi trailer.

In addition, there is an inconvenience such that it is necessary to connect the dolly 72 to tow the trailer 73.

On the other hand, in the central axle type trailer, since the axle 78 is arranged at the center of the trailer 73, the front-rear pitching is likely to occur, and the load change due to this is received by the tractor 76 via the drawer 79. As a result, the rider's riding comfort is degraded, and left-right jogging and side-to-side rolling are likely to occur.

Also, when turning, there are complaints that slippage is likely to occur due to an increase in running resistance on the trailer side on snowy roads due to a large difference between the inner wheels and deviation from the rudder of the tractor 76.

Also, for connection and disconnection, the drawer 7 7 protruding long in front of the trailer 73 is attached to the front end of the drawer 75. The pin torque hook 77 of the tractor 76 is located under the rear overhang. The work is difficult, and after disconnection, the drawbar 79's connecting part protrudes and gets in the way.

The use of a truck or other self-propelled vehicle as a trailer connected to a tractor was considered in terms of logistics efficiency, but has not been realized due to problems such as difficulty in backward movement.

The present invention solves these problems. Disclosure of the invention Thus, the present invention provides a towbar for connecting a tractor and a trailer in which the steering direction of the trailer is linked to the steering direction of the tractor by pulling the front steering shaft type trailer having the steering shaft mounted on the front. Steering is performed by a transmission member that is linked to the displacement of the intersection angle between the vehicle and the trailer or track, and the transmission system of the transmission member is switched by detecting the front / rear and traveling directions of the tractor, and the steering direction of the trailer is changed. The present invention provides a method of steering a trailer, which is characterized in that

The adoption of a front-steering-axis type trailer with the steering axis mounted in front of it eliminates the aforementioned large difference in the inner wheels, and provides an appropriate distance between the front and rear axles.

Pitching and jogging, which are factors such as rolling, can be suppressed.

By controlling the steering by detecting the change in the intersection angle between the tow bar and the trailer or the tractor, the truck follows the tractor just in conjunction with setting the appropriate front-rear axis distance. Turning and stability that give a sense of unity and a sense of naturalness, as well as turning and stability close to the movement of rail wagons, can be obtained.o

Furthermore, the steering direction of the trailer steering shaft is changed by switching the transmission system of the transmission member by detecting the forward and backward directions and the traveling direction of the tractor by signals such as reverse lights that light up by shifting the tractor to reverse. When moving forward, the vehicle steers according to the trajectory of the trajectory, while when moving backward, the steering direction of the tractor and trailer is controlled in the opposite direction to that of moving forward. This solves the dissatisfaction of the difficulty in reverse operation of the front bogie type trailer with a rotating seat. Further, in the present invention according to claim 1, a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism is provided in the middle of the transmission member, and the forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism is detected by detecting the forward / backward / traveling direction of the trajectory. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for steering a trailer, which is characterized by changing the steering direction of the trailer.

According to the present invention, the forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism provided in the middle of the transmission member can be switched by detecting the forward / backward / forwarding direction of the tractor and changing the steering direction of the trailer.

Further, the present invention provides the method for steering a trailer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the front steering shaft type trailer having a steering shaft mounted on a front portion is a cargo trailer mainly for cargo handling. In addition to the above, the present invention provides a method of steering a trailer comprising a connected bus, a camping trailer, or a truck, a bus, and a passenger car having a steering axis as a self-propelled vehicle. o

According to the method for steering a trailer of the present invention, in addition to a cargo trailer mainly for cargo handling, a truck having a steering axis as a connecting bus, a camping trailer, or a self-propelled vehicle, a bus, A passenger car can be connected to a tractor for steering.

Further, the present invention provides a front steering shaft type trailer having a steering shaft mounted on a front portion, which is towed by a tractor, and changes the steering direction of the trailer in conjunction with the steering direction of the tractor. In the device, there is provided a transmission member for steering the steering shaft of the trailer in conjunction with the displacement of the intersection angle between the towbar connecting the tractor and the trailer and the trailer or the tractor, and A steering device for a trailer, wherein the member is provided with a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism that switches a transmission system of a transmission member based on a detection signal of a forward / backward traveling direction of the tractor, and changes a steering direction of the trailer. Is provided.

According to the steering apparatus of the trailer of the present invention, the transmission system of the transmission member is switched by the forward / reverse / steering direction switching mechanism provided on the transmission member based on the detection signals of the forward / backward and traveling directions of the tractor. The steering direction can be changed, and when the vehicle is moving forward, the vehicle can be steered along the trajectory of the evening.On the other hand, when the vehicle is moving backward, the steering direction of the tractor and the trailer is controlled to be opposite to that of the vehicle. As a result, stable backwardness comparable to that of a semitrailer can be obtained.

Further, the present invention provides the steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4, wherein the trailer is a vehicle having a steering shaft mounted on a front part as a self-propelled vehicle, and the transmission member is used for steering the vehicle. The present invention provides a steering apparatus for a trailer, which is characterized in that a mechanism is connected to change a steering direction of a self-propelled vehicle in the same manner as a trailer.

According to the present invention described above, it is possible to connect a steering mechanism of a vehicle having a steering shaft mounted on a front part as a self-propelled vehicle to a transmission member, and change the steering direction of the self-propelled vehicle in the same manner as a trailer. As a result, the tractor can steer the self-propelled vehicle in the same way as a trailer.

The present invention also provides a steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a power steering mechanism is provided in the transmission member. Things. According to the present invention described above, the provision of the power steering mechanism in the transmission member not only allows the trailer to be steered lightly, but also allows the trailer to be steered irrespective of the steering position of the steered wheels when the vehicle is stopped. Before and after • The steering direction can be switched easily by the forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism based on the detection signal of the traveling direction.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided the steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4, 5, or 6, wherein the trailer or the vehicle having the steering shaft also at the rear portion is connected to the front steering shaft. It is an object of the present invention to provide a steering apparatus for a trailer, which has a configuration in which a steering direction of a rear steering shaft is changed in conjunction therewith.

According to the present invention, a trailer or a vehicle having a steering shaft also at the rear can be operated by changing the steering direction of the rear steering shaft in conjunction with the front steering shaft.

Further, according to the present invention, in the steering apparatus for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 7, a towing bar is provided with a rectilinear direction holding mechanism for holding in a rectilinear direction after separation. It is intended to provide a steering device for a trailer characterized by the following.

According to the present invention, when the tractor is connected to the trailer, the rune eye at the tip of the tow bar and the pin hook at the rear end of the tractor, which are held in the straight traveling direction, can be easily connected.

Further, according to the present invention, in the steering apparatus for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 8, a storage mechanism is provided, which can be folded and stored after being separated from the tow bar. Steering gear It provides the location.

According to the above-described present invention, the tow bar can be folded upward and stored after being separated, so that the protrusion of the tow bar from the trailer is reduced.

Further, the present invention provides a method of steering a trailer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 9. A vehicle such as a trailer, a connected bus, a camping trailer, or a truck having a steering shaft as a self-propelled vehicle, a bus, or a passenger car, etc. Things.

The trailer, the connecting bus, the camping trailer, or the truck, the bus, or the passenger car having the steering axis as the self-propelled vehicle according to the present invention is used for detecting the signals before and after the tractor and in the traveling direction. By providing the trailer steering method or the steering device according to the present invention, such as being able to change the steering direction of the trailer based on the above, the vehicle has excellent steering characteristics in the forward / backward and forward directions. It will be. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a whole view of a connected vehicle of a front steering shaft type trailer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing a tractor, a connection portion of a trailer, and a main portion of a trailer steering portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic plan view of FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining an operation state of a main part of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing the movement of the steering relationship when the trailer of the embodiment of the present invention moves backward.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining an operation state of a main part of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining an operation state of a main part of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining an operation state of a main part of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a side view showing a whole view of a connected vehicle of a front steering shaft type vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a whole view of a conventional connected vehicle of a tractor and a trailer.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing the whole view of a conventional connected vehicle of a tractor and a trailer. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, reference numeral 2 denotes a front steering shaft type trailer in which a steering shaft 1 is mounted on a front portion. Steering axis 1 is the steering of trailer 2 in the embodiment. The left and right knuckles 20 rotating around the knuckle pins 31 provided on the axle 32 integrally with the wheel axle 33 of the steering wheel 6 and the left and right knuckles 20 simultaneously turn while maintaining substantially parallel. The knuckle arm 18 protruding from the knuckle 20 connected to the tie rod 19 is connected to the tie rod 19, and one knuckle 20 is connected to the steering shaft. According to ^7, it is possible to steer the steered wheels 6 of the trailer 2 by performing the rotation operation as 1.

The tow bar 3 is attached to the front wall 34 of the vehicle body 30 of the trailer 2 via a joint & bracket 11 so as to be vertically movable and horizontally movable. In the case of the embodiment, the tow bar 3 has its yoke 3 rotated so as to rotate integrally with an angular displacement shaft 36 that is rotatably supported in a vertical direction on a bracket 35 fixed to a front wall 34. Reference numeral 7 denotes a horizontal shaft portion 38 provided orthogonally to the angular displacement shaft 36 in a cross shape so as to be vertically movable. The tow bar 3 is provided with straight-moving holding plates 39 on the left and right sides parallel to the front wall 3 4, and a straight-moving holding spring with the same spring resilience on both sides around the tow bar 3. A towing bar 3 is provided so that the tow bar 3 automatically turns straight ahead when disconnected from the tractor 5.

The towing bar 3 has a runnet eye 12 at the tip thereof connected to a pin torque hook 4 provided at the rear end of the tractor 5 so as to be rotatable left and right and up and down. When the steering wheel 59 turns to the left, the towing bar 3 also stakes on the spring elasticity of the straight holding spring 21 and rotates leftward with the angular displacement axis 36. As shown in FIG. 3, a steering amount detection arm 13 is provided integrally with the angular displacement axis 36, and the steering amount detection arm 13 and the steering rotating about the switching center axis 40 are provided. The operating arm 41 integral with the sliding lever 27 of the direction switching mechanism 9 is linked to each other by a link lever 14 so that they can rotate simultaneously. It is. On the other hand, a steering arm 42 is provided integrally with the knuckle 20, and is provided integrally with the steering arm 42 and a relay rotating shaft 43 rotatably supported on the vehicle body 30. The link with the relay link 7 is connected by a dark link 17, and the steering arm 42 and the relay link 7 and the relay rotary shaft 43 are configured to rotate simultaneously. The relay rotary shaft 43 has a relay lever 44 protruding almost parallel to the sliding lever 27 on its body. The distal end of the relay lever 44 and the distal end of the sliding lever 27 are provided on the relay rotating shaft 27. 6 is slidably connected to the connecting groove 15 and the rear end 45 of the connecting link is operably connected to it, and the sliding lever of the steering direction switching mechanism 9 that rotates around the switching center axis 40 2 7 and nut of steering axis 1 And relay lever 4 in conjunction with stearic Nguamu 4 2 Le 2 0 are configured to work in simultaneous manner.

Here, the steering amount detection arm 13 that connects the angular displacement axis 36 and the knuckle 20, the link lever 14, the operating arm 41, the sliding lever 27, and the connecting port pad 15, the relay lever 44, the relay link 7, and the steering arm 42 are provided for steering the tractor according to the present invention. It constitutes a transmission member that steers the steering shaft 1 in conjunction with the displacement of the intersection angle generated between the tow bar 3 and the trailer or tractor in conjunction with the direction o

An operating shaft 47 of a solenoid 8 having a cylinder fixed to the vehicle body 30 is connected to the connecting groove 15, and the relay lever 4 4 is extended as the operating shaft 47 expands and contracts. The front end part 46 of the connecting gland 15 that can swing around the rear end part 45 that can be linked to the motor can be switched between the forward position A and the retreat position B along the sliding lever 27. I have.

The solenoid 8 and the sliding lever 27 constitute a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism 9 according to the present invention, and the solenoid 8 is an embodiment, and is operated by hydraulic pressure, hydraulic pressure, or other fluid pressure. A configuration that uses a fluid pressure cylinder in which the shaft 47 moves forward and backward, and a configuration in which the operating shaft 47 provided on the rack side that moves on a pinion that is mechanically rotated by a drive motor moves forward and backward. The present invention can be implemented in various known forms. When the solenoid 8 or the like is used, the operating shaft 47 is provided with a spring elasticity in a retracting or projecting direction, and the operation in one direction is performed by a spring elasticity such as a spring. Is also possible.

When the tip 46 of the connecting rod 15 is set to the forward position A of the sliding lever 27, when the tractor 5 moves to the left (counterclockwise), the tow bar 3 also rotates to the left, causing angular displacement. Rotate axis 36 to the left. At the same time, the steering amount detection arm 13 rotates to the left, and the operating arm 41 and the sliding lever 27 move together with the link lever 14. Rotate to the left around the switching center axis 40. At the same time, the connecting grid 15 rotates to the left around the switching center axis 40, and the push-in operation of the rear end 45 causes the relay levers 44 and 7 to move around the relay shaft 43. Rotating clockwise, the steering arm 42 rotates the knuckle 20 to the left by the drag groove 17, and the steered wheels 6 of the trailer 2 move in the same left direction as the tractor 5. Then, the traveling directions of the trailer 5 and the trailer 2 at the time of forward movement coincide.

Conversely, when the tip 46 of the connecting groove 15 is set to the retreat position B of the sliding lever 27, when the tractor 5 moves to the left, the tow bar 3 also rotates to the left. Then, rotate the angular displacement axis 36 to the left. At the same time, the steering amount detection arm 13 rotates to the left, and the operating arm 41 and the sliding lever 27 are switched with the link lever 14 to rotate to the left about the central axis 40. At the same time, as shown in Fig. 4, the connecting groove 15 rotates to the left around the switching central axis 40, and then the relay levers 44 and the relays are rotated by pulling the end 45. The steering 7 rotates to the left around the relay shaft 4 3, the steering arm 42 rotates the knuckle 20 to the right by the drag opening 1 、, and the steering wheel 6 of the trainer 2 rotates to the tractor. Turning to the right direction opposite to 5, the traveling direction of the tractor 5 and the trailer 2 during reverse travel is reversed, as shown in FIG.

Thus, in the case of FIG. 2, when the tractor 5 moves in the forward direction, the trailer 2 travels in accordance with the movement, but when the tractor 5 moves backward, the tractor 5 and the trailer 2 Break at towing bar 3 It is difficult to steer the trailer 2 because it bends, but as shown in Fig. 5, the direction of the steered wheels 6 of the trailer 2 during reverse movement is opposite to the direction of the steered wheels 59 of the truck. Thus, even when the tractor 5 and the trailer 2 bend at the tow bar 3, the trailer 2 bends in the same direction as the tractor 5 and recedes linearly. Thus, the trailer 2 can be easily steered backward in conjunction with the steering of the tractor 5.

The solenoid 8 operates by detecting a 0 N / 0 FF signal such as turning on the back light when the vehicle reverses, and the leading end 46 of the connecting groove 15 is moved to the sliding lever 2 7 by the 0 N of the reverse signal. Is set to the backward position B, and the return operation is performed by the OFF signal such as the backward lighting, and the tip 46 of the connecting groove 15 is set to the forward position A of the sliding lever 27. I have.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the tow bar 3 is provided with a folding connection part 22 with a lower stopper in the middle, and can be bent up and down around a horizontal support shaft 48. It is configured so that it can be folded upward after the cut-off eyes 12 have been separated.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the power steering mechanism 10 is provided in the forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism 9, and the rear end 45 of the connecting rod 15 is connected to a hydraulic pump. The tractor 5 moves left or right by driving the hydraulic booth 16 operated by 29, and when the angular displacement axis 36 rotates with the tow bar 3, the steering amount detection arm 13 rotates. And the arm 41 with the link lever 14 and the switch At the same time as the rider lever 27 rotates around the switching center axis 40, the connecting groove 15 receives the driving force of the hydraulic booster 16 around the switching center wheel 40 and moves to the rear end 45. The relay lever 44 and the relay link 7 rotate about the relay shaft 43 through the link connecting portion 60 from the operating rod 49 of the interlocked hydraulic booster 16, and the drag rod 1 7, the steering arm 42 and the knuckle 20 are rotated, and the steered wheels 6 of the trailer 2 can be steered lightly in synchronization with the tractor 5.

In the case of the illustrated embodiment, the power steering mechanism 10 is shown as a hydraulic type, but other configurations such as electrically driving the operating rod 49 by driving a motor can be used. Of course.

In the case of the embodiment, in FIGS. 7 to 9, the solenoid 8 is a distal end of a support member 50 whose base end is rotatably connected to the switching center axis 40 of the slide lever 27. , Regardless of the angle between the tractor 5 and the trailer 2, that is, the rotational position of the sliding lever 27, corresponds to the switching of the tractor forward or backward signal, and 5 is configured so that the tip 46 can be smoothly switched to the forward position A or the backward position B.

In FIG. 7, at the center position of the support member 50 drawn by a solid line, the tractor 5 and the trailer 2 are in a straight running stop state, and the distal end 46 of the connecting port 15 is moved to the horizontal position in the figure. It can be switched between the forward position A and the backward position B along the sliding lever 27 of.

At the position of the broken line above the support member 50 in FIG. As shown in the figure, the leading end 46 of the connecting groove 15 can be switched to the forward left steering stop position A and the backward right steering stop position B along the sliding grebar 27 located at the upper right position in the figure. Similarly, at the lower broken line position of the support member 50 in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 9, the tip 46 of the connecting groove 15 is moved to the sliding lever 27 at the lower right position in the figure. Along the way, it is possible to switch between the forward right steering stop position A and the reverse left steering stop position B.

In FIGS. 8 and 9, when switching between the forward position A and the reverse position B of the forward / rearward steering direction switching mechanism 9, a considerable angle of rotation is required because the left and right of the stationary steering wheel 6 is rotated left and right. In the case where the power steering mechanism 10 is provided in the transmission member as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, smooth switching is possible, but as shown in FIG. If the steering mechanism 10 is not provided, it is extremely difficult to smoothly switch the steering direction unless the vehicle is in a stopped state near straight ahead.Fig. 11 shows a truck with a steering axis as a self-propelled vehicle. The tow bar 3 is used to tow a vehicle 23 consisting of a vehicle, a bus, or a passenger car. FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the main part, in which the tow bar 3 is detachably connected in the middle by a fixing screw 28, and the left and right inclination angles of the tow bar 3 are determined by the angle displacement axes 36, Steering amount detection arm 13, link lever 14, operating arm 41, forward / backward steering direction switching mechanism 9, sliding lever 27, connecting groove 15, relay lever 44, and relay rotary spindle 4 Relay link via transmission member consisting of 3 etc. The configuration for operating up to is the same as the configuration of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5.

The relay link 7 swings through a connecting shaft 25 around a pivot shaft 52 that rotates in association with the rotation of a steering system handle 51 of the self-propelled vehicle. The pitman arm 24 is connected to the end 58 so that the movement of the pitman arm 24 can be performed by a combined power steering 26 through a connection port 53 that is a steering system of the self-propelled vehicle. Transmitted to the operating shaft

54 drives the intermediate portion 57 of the link lever 56 swingably mounted on the fulcrum shaft 55 on the vehicle body 30, and the movement of the link lever 56 is The transmission is transmitted from the click link 17 to the steering arm 42 and the knuckle 20.

Here, in FIG. 10, the tip of the connecting groove 15 is shown.

When 4 6 is set to the forward position A of the sliding lever 27,

As described in the embodiment of FIG. 3, when the tractor 5 moves to the left (counterclockwise), the tow bar 3 also rotates to the left, and the angular displacement axis 36 and the steering amount detection arm 13 rotate to the left. Arm with link levers 14

4 1, sliding lever 27, and connecting grid 15 rotate to the left around the switching center axis 40, push in relay lever 44, and relay link 7 centers relay axis 43. The arm rotates right (clockwise) in the right direction, and the pitman arm 24 rotates clockwise about the rotating shaft 52 via the connecting shaft 25, and power steering via the connecting port 53.

The operating lever 5 of 26 is operated in the evacuation direction, the link lever 56 is rotated clockwise, and the steering arm 42 is moved by the drag link 17. The knuckle 20 rotates counterclockwise (leftward), and the steering wheel 6 of the trailer 2 rotates in the same left direction as the tractor 5 so that the tractor 5 and the self-propelled vehicle 23 advance. The traveling directions are the same.

Conversely, if the tip 46 of the connecting groove 15 is set to the retreat position B of the sliding lever 27, when the tractor 5 moves to the left, the towing bar 3 rotates to the left. There is no angular displacement axis 36, steering amount detection arm 13, linking lever 14, working arm 41, sliding lever 27, and connecting groove 15 are switching, centering on center axis 40. Rotate to the left, pull the relay lever 44, rotate the relay link 7 left (counterclockwise) around the relay shaft 43, and the pit man arm 24 through the connecting shaft 25. It rotates counterclockwise about the pivot shaft 52, operates the operating rod 5 of the power steering 26 via the connecting rod 53 in the extending direction, and rotates the link lever 56 counterclockwise. Direction, and the steering arm 4 2 by the drag link 17 The knuckle 20 rotates clockwise (rightward), and the steered wheels 6 of the trailer 2 rotate rightward, opposite to the tractor 5, so that the tractor 5 and the self-propelled vehicle 23 move backward. The running direction will be reversed.

In addition, reference numeral 32 denotes an axle that supports the knuckle 20 and the like, and is fixed to the vehicle body 30 via a suspension leaf 70.

The operation of the above-described embodiment of the present invention is based on the operation of the tow bar and bracket 11 which can be moved up, down, left and right from the trailer 2. To the pin torque hook 4 at the rear end of the tractor 5, and the intersection angle between the tow bar 3 and the trailer 2, which changes according to the turn Is detected by the steering amount detecting arm 13 protruding from the joint & bracket 11, and the amount of movement is determined by the link lever 14, the forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism 9, the connecting grid 15, Power Steering Hydraulic Bus 1/16, Drum Ring 17 、 Nickle Arm 18 、 Evening Rod

The steering wheel 6 is steered by notifying 19 and the right and left knuckles 20.

When traveling forward, the tractor 5 steers the steering wheel 6 to the left when the tractor 5 turns left and the steering wheel 6 of the trailer 2 also steers to the left. A steering direction switching mechanism to be steered

9 is set and activated.

As a result, pitching and shoring are suppressed to the same level as the track based on the proper distance between the front and rear axes of the trailer, and the factors that impede ride comfort and straight-line stability are suppressed, and turning and other natural trajectories are achieved. Stability similar to that of wagons is obtained.

On the other hand, in reverse, when the tractor 5 cuts the handle to the left and reverses, the steered wheels 6 of the trailer 2 are steered to the right. In order to steer, the steering direction switching mechanism 9 is switched by the electromagnetic solenoid 8 or the air chamber by the signal of the backward light when the tractor 5 is shifted to the reverse, etc. To operate.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, when the tractor 5 is shifted to the reverse while the vehicle is stopped in the straight traveling state, the connecting groove 15 of the sliding groove 27 of the switching mechanism 9 is connected to the connecting groove 15 by the solenoid. Slides in the direction of operation 8 and reverses from the steering direction when moving forward. Switches to the steering direction at the time.

To return to the original state, turn off solenoid 8 and switch back in the reverse order to the above with the return force of the built-in return spring, etc. However, FIGS. 7 to 10 In the case of with power steering described in, the thrust of the solenoid 8 for switching is used, and the steered wheels 6 are turned in the reverse direction by the operation of power steering, even if the vehicle does not stop in a straight running state. It is also possible to change the steering direction by moving back and forth.

As shown in Fig. 5, when the tractor 5 cuts the handle to the left and reverses, the rear wheel of the tractor 5 moves to the left, and the trailer steering shaft 1 Is steered to the right and the rear of trailer 2 is shifted to the right. If you turn to the right, the movement is reversed. The operation becomes like a semi-trailer with easy backward movement, and the backward movement of the full trailer, which has been difficult in the past, is improved.

In addition, in order to prevent the intersection angle between the towing bar 3 and the trailer 2 from changing more than necessary and avoid contact between the tractor 5 and the trailer 2, etc., the straight holding spring 21 is connected with the joint & It can be installed next to the bracket 11 to control contact and, if necessary, an alarm system can be added.

After the connection and disconnection, the tow bar 3 can be folded and folded up with the connecting portion 22 as a fulcrum, and the trailer 2 force of the tow bar 3 can be eased.

Also, lower the tow bar 3 to the horizontal position, and When connecting the rear end of the tractor 5 to the pin torque hook 4, the work can be easily performed in the valley because the towing bar 3 is in advance in the straight running direction by the straight running holding spring 21 working in advance.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a vehicle 23 such as a truck having a steering shaft on the front side is connected to the vehicle 23 such as a truck via the towing bar 3 via the forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism 9. An additional connection port 25 connected to the pitman arm 24 of 23 is installed, and the hydraulic combined power of the vehicle 23 has a change in the intersection angle between the towing bar 3 and the vehicle 23. It can be transmitted to the steering system such as steering 26 to steer.

In addition, the vehicle 23 has a jumper hose, a jianno, in parallel. It is necessary to install cables 6 1.

Among the mechanisms additionally installed in the vehicle 23 such as trucks, the points that are mechanically different from the above are that the connection port 25 connecting to the pitman arm 24 is newly provided and the towing bar 3 The system is designed so that it is inserted into the other party's joint 11 and fixed with the fixing pin 28 so that it can be attached and detached with the eyelet 12 attached.

The operation is the same as described above, and the change in the intersection angle between the towing bar 3 being driven by the tractor 5 and the vehicle 23 such as a truck is output from the joint & bracket 11. Vehicle 2 such as a link lever 14, a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism 9, a connecting rod 15, a link lever 17, and a track 2. The amount of movement is transmitted to the connecting rod 25 connected to the pitman arm 24 of No. 3, and the steered wheels 6 are steered through the steering system of the vehicle such as a truck. The power steering 26 provided on the self-propelled vehicle includes a hydraulic type such as a compound type and an integral type, and an electric type, and the power is supplied from the self-propelled vehicle. Activate.

As described above, when traveling forward and backward, the vehicle 23 such as a truck is steered in the same direction as the tractor 5 when traveling forward, and the vehicle 23 such as a track is steered in the opposite direction to the tractor 5 when traveling backward. You.

Vehicles such as trucks 2 3 If the vehicle is to be driven independently from the tractor 5, remove the towing bar 3 from the pin torque hook 4 and insert it into the joint 11 to secure it. Remove the pin 28 and pull out the towbar 3 before riding.

For self-propelled operation, it is possible to add a mechanism to prevent forgetting to assemble and to disconnect the connecting parts such as the connecting grid 25 if necessary. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to operate a trailer or a vehicle having a steering shaft also at the rear by changing the steering direction of the rear steering shaft in conjunction with the front steering shaft.

That is, in a trailer or a vehicle having a steering shaft 1 also at the rear, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 6, or FIG. 10, the rear steering system includes a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism 9 and the like. When a member is provided, the link lever 14 linked to the steering amount detection arm 13 is extended to the rear, and the drive shaft 41 of the rearward / rearward / steering direction switching mechanism 9 of the rear steering system is linked to the slidey. Switch the steering lever 27 and rotate it around the central axis 40, or extend the drag link 17 to the rear and turn the steering arm 42 of the rear steering system. By adopting a configuration that performs a dynamic operation, it is possible to simultaneously change the steering direction of the rear steering shaft in conjunction with the front steering shaft.The present invention is limited to the above embodiment. Without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is possible to expand the scope of the object and to make various design changes. Industrial applicability

As described above, according to the steering method of the trailer according to the present invention, the front steering shaft type trailer having the steering shaft mounted on the front portion is towed by the tractor, and the trailer is interlocked with the steering direction of the truck. The steering direction of the tractor is steered by a transmission member linked to the displacement of the intersection angle between the tractor and the tractor and the tow bar connecting the tractor and the tractor, and the transmission of the transmission member by detecting the forward, backward, and forward directions of the tractor By changing the system and changing the steering direction of the trailer to the steering direction of the track, the above-mentioned inner-wheel differential with the front steering shaft type trailer with the steering shaft mounted in front is adopted. Has been corrected, and an appropriate distance between the front and rear axles can be obtained, which has the effect of suppressing pitching and jogging, which are factors for the aforementioned ride comfort and roll, and has the effect of towing bars and trailers. Controls the steering by detecting the change in the intersection angle with the tractor, and in combination with setting the appropriate distance between the front and rear axes, a natural sense of unity as if the truck were just following the tractor It has the effect of achieving a certain turning performance and stability, and has the effect of obtaining turning performance and stability similar to the movement of a railroad wagon, and furthermore, the steering direction of the trailer steering shaft. The tractor is shifted to the reverse position, and the signal of back-lighting, etc., which lights up, detects the forward / backward / forward direction of the tractor and switches the transmission system of the transmission member. When the vehicle reverses, the steering direction of the tractor and the trailer is controlled in reverse to the forward direction, so that the driver can operate with the same feeling as when the vehicle reverses with the semi-trailer. effective.

Further, according to the present invention, in the method for steering a trailer according to claim 1, a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism is provided in the middle of the transmission member, and the forward / backward travel is detected by detecting a forward / backward / forward traveling direction of the trajectory. · By changing the steering direction switching mechanism to change the steering direction of the trailer, forward / backward movement provided in the middle of the transmission member · The steering direction switching mechanism detects the forward / backward direction of the tractor There is an effect that the steering direction of the trailer can be changed by switching.

Further, the present invention provides the method for steering a trailer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the front steering shaft type trailer having a steering shaft mounted on a front portion is a cargo trailer mainly for cargo handling. In addition to this, it has a structure that consists of trucks, buses, and passenger cars that have steering axes as connected vehicles, camping trailers, or self-propelled vehicles. There is an effect that a truck, a bus, or a passenger car having a steering axis as a self-propelled vehicle can be connected to a tractor for steering.

Also, the present invention provides a front steering shaft type trailer having a steering shaft mounted on a front portion, which is towed by a tractor, and which is linked to the tractor steering direction to operate the trailer. In a steering device for a trailer that changes direction, a transmission member that steers the steering の of the trailer in conjunction with a displacement of an intersection angle between the trailer and the tractor and the tow bar that connects the tractor and the trailer is provided. The transmission member is provided with a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism for switching the transmission system of the transmission member based on a detection signal of the forward / backward traveling direction of the tractor, and having a configuration for changing the steering direction of the trailer. Forward / backward movement before / after tracing

• By switching the transmission system of the transmission member based on the detection signal of the traveling direction, the steering direction of the trailer can be changed, and when moving forward, the vehicle can follow the trajectory of the tractor. In reverse, controlling the steering direction of the tractor and trailer in the opposite direction to the forward direction has the effect of obtaining a stable reverse like a semi-trailer.

The present invention also provides a steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4, wherein the trailer is a vehicle having a steering shaft mounted on a front part as a self-propelled vehicle, and the transmission member includes a steering member for steering the vehicle. By connecting the mechanism and changing the steering direction of the self-propelled vehicle in the same way as the trailer, the transmission member is connected to the steering mechanism of the vehicle with the steering shaft mounted on the front as the self-propelled vehicle, Since the steering direction of the self-propelled vehicle can be converted in the same way as the trailer, there is an effect that the self-propelled vehicle can be steered by the tractor in the same manner as the trailer.

Further, the present invention provides the steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the power steering mechanism is provided in the transmission member, so that the power steering mechanism is provided in the transmission member. Power steering The steering mechanism not only makes it possible to steer the trailer lightly, but also makes it possible to move forward and backward based on detection signals of the front and rear of the tractor and the traveling direction regardless of the steering position of the steered wheels when the vehicle is stopped. There is an effect that the steering direction can be easily switched by the switching mechanism.

Further, according to the present invention, in the steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4, 5, or 6, a trailer or a vehicle having a steering shaft also at the rear portion is provided with the front steering shaft. By having a configuration in which the steering direction of the rear steering shaft is changed in conjunction with it, a trailer or vehicle having a steering shaft also in the rear can be steered with the rear steering shaft in conjunction with the front steering shaft. The effect is that the direction can be changed and operated.

Further, according to the present invention, in the steering apparatus for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 7, a straight traveling direction holding mechanism is provided on the tow bar for holding the separated traveling direction after being separated from the tow bar. With this configuration, when connecting the tractor to the trailer, it is possible to easily connect the rune eye at the tip of the towing bar, which is held in the straight running direction, to the pin torque hook at the rear end of the tractor. is there.

Further, the present invention provides the steering device for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the storage device is provided with a storage mechanism that can be folded and stored after being separated from the tow bar. However, since the tow bar can be folded upward and stored after disconnection, the protrusion of the tow bar from the trailer is eased, and the trailer storage space and the like can be secured efficiently. There is an effect that can be done.

Further, according to any one of claims 1 to 3 of the present invention, A trailer, a connecting bus, a camping trailer, or a trailer provided with the trailer steering method according to any one of claims 4 to 9 or the trailer steering device according to any one of claims 4 to 9. For vehicles such as trucks, trucks, or trailers that have a steering axis as a self-propelled vehicle, the steering direction of the trailer is changed based on detection signals of the direction before and after the track and the traveling direction. By doing so, there is an effect of having excellent steering characteristics in the forward / backward and traveling directions.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Tow a front-steering shaft type trailer with a steering shaft mounted on the front part in a tractor, and link the tractor's steering direction with the tractor's steering direction to change the steering direction of the tractor and the trailer. Or the steering is performed by a transmission member that is linked to the displacement of the intersection angle with the tractor, and the transmission system of the transmission member is switched by detecting the traveling direction of the tractor. A steering method for a trailer characterized by converting

2. In the method for steering a trailer as set forth in claim 1, a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism is provided in the middle of the transmission member, and the forward / backward / backward traveling of the tractor is detected to detect the traveling direction. A method for steering a trailer, comprising: changing a steering direction of a trailer by switching a steering direction switching mechanism.

3. In the method for steering a trailer as set forth in claim 1 or 2, the front steering shaft type trailer having a steering shaft mounted on a front portion is provided in addition to a cargo trailer mainly for cargo handling. A method of steering a trailer, comprising: a connected bus, a camping trailer, or a truck, a bus, or a passenger car having a steering axis as a self-propelled vehicle.

4. In the steering system of a trailer, a front steering shaft type trailer with a steering shaft mounted on the front is towed by a tractor, and the trailer is steered in accordance with the steering direction in the evening. The steering axis of the trailer is linked to the displacement of the intersection angle between the tow bar connecting the In addition to providing a steering transmission member, the transmission member is provided with a forward / backward / steering direction switching mechanism that switches the transmission system of the transmission member based on the detection signal of the tractor's front / rear direction Trailer steering characterized by changing the steering direction of the trailer

5. The steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4, wherein the trailer is a vehicle having a steering shaft mounted on a front part as a self-propelled vehicle, and a vehicle steering mechanism is connected to a transmission member. A steering device for a trailer, wherein the steering direction of the self-propelled vehicle is converted in the same manner as the trailer.

6. The steering apparatus for a trailer according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a power steering mechanism is provided in the transmission member.

7. The trailer steering apparatus according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the trailer or the vehicle having a steering shaft also at the rear is connected to the front steering shaft at the rear. A steering device for a trailer, characterized by having a configuration for changing the steering direction of a steering shaft.

8. The steering apparatus for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein a torsion bar is provided with a rectilinear direction holding mechanism that holds the torsion bar in a rectilinear direction after being separated. The steering of the trailer

9. The steering apparatus for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 8, further comprising a storage mechanism that can be folded and stored after being separated from the tow bar. apparatus.

10. The method for steering a trailer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the steering apparatus for a trailer according to any one of claims 4 to 9. Vehicle, such as a trailer, a connected bus, a camping trailer, or a truck, a bus, or a trailer having a steering axis as a self-propelled vehicle.