WO2000069640A1 - Dispositif imageur - Google Patents

Dispositif imageur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000069640A1
WO2000069640A1 PCT/SE2000/000838 SE0000838W WO0069640A1 WO 2000069640 A1 WO2000069640 A1 WO 2000069640A1 SE 0000838 W SE0000838 W SE 0000838W WO 0069640 A1 WO0069640 A1 WO 0069640A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
apertures
image
image forming
forming apparatus
printhead structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2000/000838
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ove Larsson
Filip Alm
Original Assignee
Array Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2000/003115 external-priority patent/WO2001076880A1/fr
Application filed by Array Ab filed Critical Array Ab
Priority to AU47905/00A priority Critical patent/AU4790500A/en
Publication of WO2000069640A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000069640A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/65—Apparatus which relate to the handling of copy material
    • G03G15/6555—Handling of sheet copy material taking place in a specific part of the copy material feeding path
    • G03G15/657—Feeding path after the transfer point and up to the fixing point, e.g. guides and feeding means for handling copy material carrying an unfused toner image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/34—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner
    • G03G15/344—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array
    • G03G15/346—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array by modulating the powder through holes or a slit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00919—Special copy medium handling apparatus
    • G03G2215/00945—Copy material feeding speed varied over the feed path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
    • G03G2215/0167—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies single electrographic recording member
    • G03G2215/017—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies single electrographic recording member single rotation of recording member to produce multicoloured copy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2217/00—Details of electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns
    • G03G2217/0008—Process where toner image is produced by controlling which part of the toner should move to the image- carrying member
    • G03G2217/0025—Process where toner image is produced by controlling which part of the toner should move to the image- carrying member where the toner starts moving from behind the electrode array, e.g. a mask of holes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an image forming apparatus in which image information is converted into a pattern of electrostatic fields for modulating a transport of charged toner particles from a particle carrier toward a back electrode member.
  • the image forming apparatus includes a background voltage source for producing a background electric field which enables a transport of charged toner particles from said particle carrier towards said back electrode member, at least one printhead structure arranged in said background electric field, including a plurality of apertures and control electrodes arranged in conjunction to the apertures, control voltage sources for supplying control potentials to said control electrodes in accordance with the image information to selectively permit or restrict the transport of charged toner particles from the particle carrier through the apertures, and an image receiving member caused to move in relation to the printhead structure for intercepting the transported charged particles in an image configuration.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,036,341 discloses a direct electrostatic printing device and a method to produce text and pictures with toner particles on an image receiving substrate directly from computer generated signals.
  • Such a device generally includes a printhead structure provided with a plurality of apertures through which toner particles are selectively transported from a particle source to an image receiving member due to control in accordance with image information.
  • Another general problem associated with an image forming apparatus of the above-mentioned type relates to the fact that a person using the apparatus must be able to replace an old (i.e. empty) particle carrier unit with a new one. More precisely, such an operation must be carried out in a simple manner which is easy to understand even for a first- time user, i.e. in a user-friendly manner without any particular instructions or training.
  • Said problem is particularly difficult to solve in a colour printer, since such a device normally would comprise several particle carrier units (normally four) which are used for simultaneous printing of four different colours. All of these components must then be arranged very accurately, in particular as regards the position of the image receiving member in relation to the four particle carriers.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement in an image forming apparatus, in particular for solving the above-mentioned problems.
  • an image forming apparatus of the above-mentioned type, which comprises a housing member at least partly enclosing said image receiving member and means provided on said housing for supporting said printhead structure and said particle carrier in predetermined positions with respect to said image receiving member.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved housing member for use in an image forming apparatus of the above-mentioned kind.
  • Said object is accomplished by means of a housing member which at least partly encloses said image receiving member and which comprises means for supporting said printhead structure and said particle carrier in predetermined positions with respect to said image receiving member.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved colour printing apparatus comprising a plurality of printhead structures and a plurality of particle carriers, for printing a plurality of colours.
  • a colour printing apparatus which comprises a housing member at least partly enclosing said image receiving member, and means provided on said housing for supporting said printhead structures and said particle carriers in predetermined positions with respect to said image receiving member.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an image forming apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a housing member forming part of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view across a print station in an image forming apparatus according to the invention
  • Fig. 4a is a schematic perspective view showing how a print station is mounted, in a first stage
  • Fig. 4b is a schematic perspective view showing how said print station is mounted, in a second stage
  • Fig. 4c is a schematic perspective view showing how said print station is mounted, in a third stage,
  • Fig. 5a is a schematic view showing how a print station is locked after being mounted, in a first stage
  • Fig. 6a is a partial view of a printhead structure of a type used in an image forming apparatus, showing the surface of the printhead structure that is facing a print station,
  • Fig. 6b is a partial view of a printhead structure of a type used m an image forming apparatus, showing the surface of the printhead structure that is facing an image receiving member,
  • Fig. 6c is a section view across a section line I-I m the printhead structure of Fig. 6a and across the corresponding section line II-II of Fig. 6b,
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a colour printing apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an illustration of the columns of print printed in a single pass m a two pass method
  • Fig. 9 is an illustration of the columns of print shown m Fig. 8 after the second pass
  • Fig. 10 is an illustration of the effect of apertures which print with a lower density in a two pass printing method
  • Fig. 11 is an illustration of the printing pattern of a first embodiment
  • Fig. 12 is an illustration of the printing pattern of a second embodiment
  • Fig. 13 is an illustration of the printing pattern of a third embodiment
  • Fig. 14 is an illustration of the printing pattern of a fourth embodiment
  • Fig. 15 is an illustration of the printing pattern of a fifth embodiment.
  • a background electric field is produced between a particle carrier and a back electrode to enable a transport of charged particles therebetween.
  • a printhead structure such as an electrode matrix provided with a plurality of selectable apertures, is interposed in the background electric field between the particle carrier and the back electrode and connected to a control unit which converts the image information into a pattern of electrostatic fields which, due to control in accordance with the image information, selectively open or close passages in the electrode matrix to permit or restrict the transport of charged particles from the particle carrier.
  • the modulated stream of charged particles allowed to pass through the opened apertures are thus exposed to the background electric field and propelled toward the back electrode.
  • the charged particles are deposited on an image receiving member to provide line-by line scan printing to form a visible image.
  • a printhead structure for use in direct electrostatic printing may take on many designs, such as a lattice of intersecting wires arranged in rows and columns, or an apertured substrate of electrically insulating material overlaid with a printed circuit of control electrodes arranged in conjunction with the apertures.
  • a printhead structure includes a flexible substrate of insulating material such as polyi ide or the like, having a first surface facing the particle carrier, a second surface facing the back electrode and a plurality of apertures arranged through the substrate.
  • the first surface is coated with an insulating layer and control electrodes are arranged between the first surface of the substrate and the insulating layer, in a configuration such that each control electrode surrounds a corresponding aperture.
  • the apertures are preferably aligned in one or several rows extending transversally across the width of the substrate, i.e. perpendicular to the motion direction of the image receiving member.
  • each single aperture is utilized to address a specific dot position of the image in a transversal direction.
  • the transversal print addressability is limited by the density of apertures through the printhead structure. For instance, a print addressability of 200 dpi requires a printhead structure having 200 apertures per inch in a transversal direction.
  • an image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises at least one print station and preferably four print stations la, lb, lc, Id, which are constituted by particle carriers which are adapted for printing one colour each.
  • the colours being used are yellow, magenta, cyan and black.
  • Each print station la-d is preferably in the form of a generally elongated cartridge assembly which is arranged adjacent to a printhead structure 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
  • Each printhead structure 2a-d which will be described in greater detail below, is preferably in the form of an electrode matrix provided with a plurality of selectable apertures (not shown in Fig.
  • the drum 3 is essentially cylindrally formed and is arranged so as to rotate during operation of the image forming apparatus. To this end, the drum 3 is powered by drive means (not shown in Fig. 1) . Furthermore, the drum 3 has a circumference which is slightly greater than the maximum vertical printed length, i.e. slightly greater than the length of the paper being used during printing.
  • the drum is preferably manufactured from aluminium, but can also be made from other materials with suitable properties.
  • Each of the printheads 2a-d is connected to a control unit (not shown) which converts the image information in question into a pattern of electrostatic fields so as to selectively open or close passages in the electrode matrix to permit or restrict the transport of charged particles from corresponding cartridge la-d. In this manner, charged particles are allowed to pass through the opened apertures and toward the back electrode, i.e. the drum 3. The charged particles are then deposited on the drum 3.
  • the image being formed on the drum is then transferred onto an information carrier, such as a sheet of plain, untreated paper 4 or any other medium suitable for printing.
  • the paper sheet 4 is fed from a paper delivery unit 5 and conveyed past the underside of the drum 3.
  • the toner particles are deposited on the outer surface of the drum 3 and then superimposed to the paper sheet 4 to form a four colour image.
  • the operation of the belt 6 defines a transfer step, which preferably is positioned on the lowest section of the image receiving member.
  • the paper sheet 4 After passage through the fusing unit 9, the paper sheet 4 can also be brought in contact with a cleaning element
  • the print stations la-d and the printhead structures 2a-d are mounted in a generally cylindrically shaped housing element 10, which is shown in a schematical form in Fig. 2 by means of broken lines.
  • Said housing element 10 is shown in greater detail in Fig. 2, which is a perspective view of said housing 10 and a print station la, the latter being shown in a position before it is mounted in the housing 10.
  • the housing is also provided with means for supporting the four printhead circuits, of which one printhead structure 2a is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Said means for supporting the printhead structure 2a comprises an elongated support element 12 provided with a slot 13 facing one of the side portions of the printhead structure 2a.
  • the other side portion of the printhead structure 2a is mounted into two holding elements 14a, 14b, each of which are provided with a through hole 15a, 15b for accommodating a pin-shaped element 16 on the printhead structure 2a.
  • one end of the printhead structure is hinged in said holes 15a, 15b, whereas the other end is resting on the surface being defined in the slot 13 in the support element 12.
  • the support element 12 defines the limits within which the printhead structure 2a is allowed to move.
  • Similar means for supporting the remaining three printhead structures are also provided on the housing, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the print stations and the printhead structures are supported by the housing 10 in an accurate manner and are maintained in predetermined positions with respect to the drum.
  • the printhead structures 2a-d are held in a predetermined position in relation to the peripheral surface of the drum and in relation to the print stations la-d.
  • the print station la has a generally elongated shape and is adapted for inserting into the corresponding guide element 11a.
  • the guide element 11a is formed with a generally C-shaped cross-section forming a longitudinally extending cavity or slot
  • the print station la comprises an insertion rod 17 intended to cooperate with said guide element 11a, so as to lock the insertion rod 17 from being removed from the housing 10 when inserted.
  • the insertion rod 17 comprises a tip 17a which simplifies the alignment of the insertion rod 17 before mounting.
  • the print station la comprises a particle delivery unit 18, which now will be described in detail in Fig. 3.
  • the particle delivery unit 18 is preferably formed with a replaceable or refillable container 19 for holding toner particles, the container 19 having front and back walls (not shown) , a pair of side walls and a bottom wall having an elongated opening 20 extending from the front wall to the back wall and provided with a toner feeding element 21 disposed to continuously supply toner particles to a developer sleeve 22 through a particle charging member 23.
  • the particle charging member 18 is preferably formed of a supply brush or a roller made of or coated with a fibrous, resilient material, and is arranged to be rotated as indicated by means of an arrow in Fig. 3.
  • the supply brush is brought into mechanical contact with the peripheral surface of the developer sleeve 22 for charging particles by contact charge exchange due to triboelectrification of the toner particles through frictional interaction between the fibrous material on the supply brush and any suitable coating material of the developer sleeve.
  • the developer sleeve 22 is preferably made of metal coated with a conductive material, and preferably has a substantially cylindrical shape and a rotation axis extending parallel to the elongated opening 20 of the particle container 18.
  • the developer sleeve 22 is arranged to be rotated as indicated by means of an arrow in Fig. 3.
  • Charged toner particles are held to the surface of the developer sleeve 22 by electrostatic forces essentially proportional to (Q/D) 2 , where Q is the particle charge and D is the distance between the particle charge center and the boundary of the developer sleeve 22.
  • the charge unit may additionally include a charging voltage source (not shown) , which supplies an electric field to induce or inject charge to the toner particles.
  • a charging voltage source not shown
  • the invention can be carried out using any other suitable charge unit, such as a conventional charge injection unit, a charge induction unit or a corona charging unit, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • a metering element 24 is positioned proximate to the developer sleeve 22 to adjust the concentration of toner particles on the peripheral surface of the developer sleeve 22, to form a relatively thin, uniform particle layer thereon.
  • the metering element 24 may be formed of a flexible or rigid, insulating or metallic blade, roller or any other member suitable for providing a uniform particle layer thickness.
  • the metering element 24 may also be connected to a metering voltage source (not shown) which influences the triboelectrification of the particle layer to ensure a uniform particle charge density on the surface of the developer sleeve.
  • each of the axial end sections of the developer sleeve 22 is provided with a further spacer element, in the form of two rollers having a diameter which slightly exceeds that of the developer sleeve 22. As will be described below, when mounting the particle delivery unit 18, these rollers are forced in a manner so as to contact the drum 3. This defines a predetermined distance between the printhead structure and the drum.
  • All four print stations la-d can be used simultaneously for printing on the drum 3. This means that all four colours (CMYK) are printed on the drum 3 simultaneously, and with a print density which corresponds to the resolution defined by the dimensions of the apertures in the printhead structures 2a-d.
  • the printhead structures 2a-d are provided with 200 equally spaced apertures per inch, said apertures being aligned parallel with the longitudinal axis of the drum 3.
  • said apertures can be arranged in two rows each comprising 100 apertures per inch.
  • the developer sleeve 22 is arranged in the print station la.
  • the print station la is mounted in the housing 10 by first inserting the insertion rod 17 into the matching slot formed by the corresponding guide element 11a. After that, the delivery unit 18 is pivoted about the axis of rotation which is defined by the insertion rod 17, in a direction towards the housing 10. The delivery unit 18 is pivoted until it reaches a position in which it is positioned adjacent to the printhead structure 2a.
  • This method of mounting the print station la will now be described with reference to Figs. 4a, 4b, 4c and 5.
  • Fig. 4a shows the housing 10 and a print station la in a perspective view from the rear of the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a guide element 11a for releasably locking the print station la.
  • the housing 10 is also provided with a suppport element 12 and two holding elements 14a, 14b for supporting the printhead structure 2a.
  • the first step during mounting of the print station la is to position the print station la in a manner so that the insertion rod 17 is aligned with the matching slot formed by the guide element 11a.
  • the insertion rod 17 is formed with the tip 17a which is positioned as shown in Fig. 4a.
  • the entire print station la is pushed in a direction as indicated by means of an arrow in Fig. 4a, i.e. along the longitudinal direction of the housing 10, until the insertion rod 17 is fully inserted in the guide element 11a and the print station la is positioned so as to extend generally along the entire length of the housing 10.
  • This position of the print station la is shown in Fig. 4b.
  • the print station la comprises drive means 25 for rotating the developer sleeve 22.
  • said drive means 25 comprises a mechanical transmission (not shown in detail) transferring a rotating motion from an external motor to the developer sleeve 22. Said transmission is also arranged for rotating the toner feeding element 21 (cf. Fig. 3) .
  • the housing 10 is preferably also provided with support means for supporting the print stations la in a predetermined position along the axial direction of the drum. In this manner, the print station is maintained at the correct axial position.
  • Fig. 5a is a detail view of the front section of the housing 10, as regarded from the front portion of the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 comprises a locking handle 26 which is pivotable arranged in the housing.
  • the locking handle 26 comprises a protruding handle grip 26a, and is also formed with an opening 27 which defines an extension of the slot formed by the guide element 11a.
  • the tip 17a of the insertion rod 17 is first aligned with the opening 27 of the locking handle 26. After that, the entire print station la is pushed in the direction indicated by means of an arrow in Fig. 5a, i.e. through the handle 26 and the guide element 11a.
  • the locking handle 26 can be pivoted about its axis of rotation, in the direction shown by means of an arrow in Fig. 5b. In this manner, the locking handle 26 can be pivoted so as to lock the print station la from being pulled out of its correct position as defined by the housing 10.
  • the mounting of the print station la can be further aided by means of spring elements (not shown in the drawings) which can be used to force the print station la so as to assume its correct operation position.
  • spring elements for example, a coil spring can be arranged in connection with the guide element 11a, for forcing the print station la to assume its correct position with respect to the printhead structure. This coil spring can then be acted upon by means of said locking handle.
  • This spring force can also be used so as to force the particle delivery unit 18 in a manner so that its spacer element 41 (cf. Fig. 3) contacts the printhead structure 2a, thereby defining the correct position of the printhead structure in relation to the developer sleeve.
  • the above- mentioned end spacers of the developer sleeve will define the correct distance between the printhead structure and the drum surface.
  • the resolution of the printed image (i.e. the number of printed dots per inch) generally depends on the number of apertures per inch. If a higher resolution than 200 dots per inch is desired, some form of multiplexing method is required for using one single aperture in a printhead structure for producing several dots on the image receiving member. According to a first embodiment of the present invention, such a multiplexing method is accomplished by rotating the drum 3 three revolutions, between which revolutions the drum 3 is diplaced sideways (i.e. in its longitudinal direction) a certain distance. Said distance then corresponds to a pitch which equals one single dot. This means that a printhead structure having 200 apertures per inch will produce undeflected centre dots in three consecutive complete revolutions of the drum 3.
  • the printhead structure having 200 apertures per inch can be used for producing an image on the drum 3 which presents a resolution of 600 dots per inch. Consequently, this "multi pass" method, which will be described in detail below with reference to Figs. 8- 16, increases the print addressability of the printhead structure without requiring an increased number of apertures in the printhead structure.
  • a multiplexing method in the form of so-called dot deflection control is utilized.
  • each single aperture of the printhead structure is used to address several dot positions on an image receiving member by controlling not only the transport of toner particles through the aperture, but also their transport trajectory toward the image receiving member, and thereby the location of the obtained dot.
  • the DDC method which is known per se, increases the print addressability without requiring a larger number of apertures in the printhead structure. This is achieved by providing the printhead structure with deflection electrodes connected to variable deflection voltages which, during each print cycle, sequentially modify the symmetry of the electrostatic control fields to deflect the modulated stream of toner particles in predetermined deflection directions. For instance, a DDC method performing three deflection steps per print cycle, provides a print addressability of 600 dpi utilizing a printhead structure having only 200 apertures per inch.
  • an improved DDC method provides a simultaneous dot size and dot position control.
  • This method utilizes the deflection electrodes to influence the convergence of the modulated stream of toner particles thus controlling the dot size.
  • Each aperture is surrounded by two deflection electrodes connected to respective deflection voltages Dl, D2, such that the electrostatic control field generated by the control electrode remains substantially symmetrical as long as both deflection voltages Dl, D2 have the same amplitude.
  • the amplitude of Dl and D2 are modulated to apply converging forces on toner particles as they are transported toward the image receiving member, thus providing smaller dots.
  • the dot position is simultaneously controlled by modulating the amplitude difference between Dl and D2 to deflect the toner trajectory toward predetermined dot positions.
  • a printhead structure for use in DDC methods generally includes a flexible substrate of electrically insulating material such as polyimide or the like, having a first surface facing the particle carrier, a second surface facing the back electrode and a plurality of apertures arranged through the substrate.
  • the first surface is overlaid with a first printed circuit including the control electrodes and the second surface is overlaid with a second printed circuit including the deflection electrodes. Both printed circuits are coated with insulative layers. Utilizing such a method, 60 micrometer dots can be obtained with apertures having a diameter in the order of 160 micrometer.
  • a printhead structure 2a in an image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention (and being intended for dot deflection control) comprises a substrate 28 of flexible, electrically insulating material such as polyimide or the like, having a predetermined thickness, a first surface facing the developer sleeve (cf . Fig. 2) , a second surface facing the drum, a transversal axis 29 extending parallel to the rotation axis of the developer sleeve of the print station across the whole print area, and a plurality of apertures 30 arranged through the substrate 28 from the first to the second surface thereof.
  • a substrate 28 of flexible, electrically insulating material such as polyimide or the like
  • the first surface of the substrate is coated with a first cover layer 31 of electrically insulating material, such as for example parylene.
  • a first printed circuit comprising a plurality of control electrodes 32 disposed m conjunction with the apertures, and, m some embodiments, shield electrode structures (not shown) arranged m conjunction with the control electrodes 32, is arranged between the substrate 28 and the first cover layer 31.
  • the second surface of the substrate is coated with a second cover layer 33 of electrically insulating material, such as for example parylene.
  • a second printed circuit, including a plurality of deflection electrodes 34, is arranged between the substrate 28 and the second cover layer 33.
  • the printhead structure 2a further includes a layer of antistatic material (not shown) , preferably a semiconductive material, such as silicium oxide or the like, arranged on at least a part of the second cover layer 33, facing the drum 3.
  • the printhead structure 2a is brought m cooperation with a control unit (not shown) comprising variable control voltage sources connected to the control electrodes 32 to supply control potentials which control the amount of toner particles to be transported through the corresponding aperture 30 during each print sequence.
  • the control unit further comprises deflection voltage sources
  • the control unit m some embodiments, even includes a shield voltage source (not shown) connected to the shield electrodes to supply a shield potential which electrostatically screens adjacent control electrodes 32 from one another, preventing electrical interaction therebetween.
  • the substrate 28 is a flexible sheet of polyimide having a thickness on the order of about 50 microns.
  • the first and second printed circuits are copper circuits of approximately 8-9 microns thickness etched onto the first and second surface of the substrate 28, respectively, using conventional etching techniques.
  • the first and second cover layers 31, 33 are 5 to 10 microns thick parylene laminated onto the substrate 28 using vacuum deposition techniques.
  • the apertures 30 are made through the printhead structure la using conventional laser micromachining methods.
  • the apertures 30 have preferably a circular or elongated shape centered about a central axis, with a diameter in a range of 80 to 120 microns, alternatively a transversal minor diameter of about 80 microns and a longitudinal major diameter of about 120 microns.
  • the apertures 30 have preferably a constant shape along their central axis, for example cylindrical apertures, it may be advantageous m some embodiments to provide apertures whose shape varies continuously or stepwise along the central axis, for example conical apertures.
  • the first printed circuit comprises the control electrodes 32 each of which having a ring shaped structure surrounding the periphery of a corresponding aperture 30, and a connector preferably extending in the longitudinal direction, connecting the ring shaped structure to a corresponding control voltage source.
  • the control electrodes 32 may take on various shape for continuously or partly surrounding the apertures 30, preferably shapes having symmetry about the central axis of the apertures. In some embodiments, particularly when the apertures 30 are aligned m one single row, the control electrodes are advantageously made smaller m a transverse direction than m a longitudinal direction.
  • each deflection electrode 34 has an upstream segment 35 and a downstream segment 36, all upstream segments 35 being connected to a first deflection voltage source Dl, and all downstream segments 36 being connected to a second deflection voltage source D2.
  • the printhead structure 2a is suitable for performing 600 dpi printing utilizing three deflection sequences in each print cycle, i.e. three dot locations are addressable through each aperture 30 of the printhead structure during each print cycle.
  • one aperture 30 is provided for every third dot location in a transverse direction, that is, 200 equally spaced apertures per inch aligned parallel to the transversal axis 29 of the printhead structure 2a.
  • the apertures 30 are generally aligned in one or several rows, preferably in two parallel rows each comprising 100 apertures per inch.
  • the aperture pitch i.e. the distance between the central axes of two neighbouring apertures of a same row is 0, 01 inch or about 254 microns.
  • the aperture rows are preferably positioned on each side of the transversal axis 29 of the printhead structure 2a and transversally shifted with respect to each other such that all apertures are equally spaced in a transverse direction.
  • the distance between the aperture rows is preferably chosen to correspond to a whole number of dot locations.
  • the invention can be implemented with a multiplexing method involving said multi pass method.
  • the deflection electrodes described with reference to Figs. 6a-c are not necessary.
  • Fig. 7 is a simplified and schematic view of an image forming apparatus in accordance with the invention, more precisely for use as a colour printer 38.
  • four print stations la-d and four printhead structures 2a-d are arranged on a housing 10 in a manner as has been described above. These components are arranged in such a manner that they are easily accessible to a user, for exampel when replacing a particular print station.
  • the printer 38 is arranged with an access opening 39 which can be closed by means of a hinged door 40. When the door 40 is open, as is shown in Fig. 7, all the replaceable components of the image forming apparatus can be easily reached by the user.
  • a paper delivery unit 5 is also easily accessible under the housing 10. The finished printed paper sheets 4 are fed out via a paper out slot on the upper side of the printer .
  • the colour printer 38 is adapted for inserting each of said print stations la-d into their respective operating positions - in which they are supported on said housing member - from the same side of the printer 38. This gives easy access to any of the print stations la-d when there is a need for removing or replacing a print station.
  • the paper delivery unit 5 is also intended to be accessed from the same side of the colour printer 38 as the print stations la-d.
  • the four print stations la-d are preferably arranged essentially in the form of a circle around said image receiving member, wherein the print stations are positioned in each quadrant of the circle.
  • the print stations are preferably positioned along the housing within a sector of ⁇ 70° in relation to a horizontal axis.
  • the above-mentioned "multi pass” method which be described in detail below with reference to Figs. 8-16.
  • the resolution achieved by a printhead structure 2 for a given number of apertures 30 may be increased without necessarily the use of deflection electrodes 34.
  • the printing takes place in two or more passes of the image receiving member, i.e. the drum 3 according to the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • a pass is meant a movement of the image receiving member which passes a section of the drum 3 to be printed with a movement relative to a given printhead structure 2 and allows the printhead structure 2 to deposit a plurality of longitudinal columns of printing.
  • a column of printing is a longitudinal line of the image receiving member which is subject to printing of dots by an aperture or apertures even if not all the parts of the line receive dots due to the content of the image being formed requiring some parts of the column to be left without dots.
  • a transverse line of printing is a transverse line of the image receiving member which is subject to printing of dots from a plurality of apertures, even if not all the parts of the line receive dots due to the content of the image being formed requiring some parts to be left without dots.
  • the closest distance between two adjacent columns or lines of print is defined as the pitch or the distance between two addressable pixel locations. After the first pass the next passes may be in the same or opposite longitudinal directions to that of the first pass.
  • the transverse direction is the direction which in the case that the image receiving member is a drum is perpendicular to a radial vector of the cylinder towards the printhead structure at the surface of the drum and parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum along the surface of the drum.
  • the image receiving member is a transfer belt it is the direction in the plane of the belt perpendicular to the direction of movement of the belt, the said movement being the movement required to allow the belt to move around two rollers (not shown) .
  • the transverse direction will normally be parallel to the axes of these rollers.
  • the longitudinal direction is the direction perpendicular to the transverse direction and in the plane of the surface of the image receiving member, i.e. transfer belt or drum.
  • an image is formed by the toner particles over an area of the drum 3.
  • the image also includes those printable areas that could receive toner particles but do not receive the particles because the content of the image does not require this.
  • an image covers approximately the area of an A4 sheet of paper, though possibly reduced by a small area around the margins that is not printed.
  • the image may for example comprise a plurality of pictures or printed areas which would be printed on the same sheet of paper.
  • A4 paper this reference is not limiting as the image could be the size of A3 or A5 paper or other paper sizes or any other chosen size.
  • the number of apertures 30 per unit length is half that needed to achieve the desired resolution with a single pass.
  • a first half of the image is formed on the drum 3.
  • This first half of the image comprises alternate longitudinal columns of print of the intended final image, i.e. alternate columns are printed and alternate columns are not printed.
  • the drum 3 and printhead structure are then moved relative to each other in the direction transverse to the direction of movement of the drum, but in the plane of the drum. This relative movement may be carried out by any suitable means known to the person skilled m the art.
  • the remaining columns of print are printed to form a complete image.
  • the second pass can carried out with the drum traveling m the same longitudinal direction as the first pass or the opposite longitudinal direction.
  • This effect is illustrated m Figs. 8 and 9.
  • Fig. 8 represents a section of the drum after the first pass.
  • the areas that are printed m the first pass are shown as hatched areas 61.
  • Fig. 9 represents the same section of the drum after the second pass.
  • the areas that are printed m the first pass are shown as hatched areas 61, whilst the areas that are printed m the second pass are shown as differently hatched areas 62.
  • a first embodiment of the multi pass method is illustrated in Fig. 11.
  • the row of apertures is moved transversely by more than one dot pitch between passes.
  • the row is moved transversely by an amount equal to 2N+3 number of times the transverse pitch length L, where NX is an integer including 0.
  • N will have a maximum value dependent upon the number of apertures and the width of the image to be printed such that the transverse movement leaves enough apertures available to print the image.
  • the pitch length L is the distance between adjacent dots. For 600 dpi (dots per inch) the pitch length is approximately 42 microns. The movement for one row of apertures printing in two passes at 600 dpi is approx.
  • Fig. 11 the row of apertures has moved from the first position indicated by reference numeral 80 in which the first pass took place to the position indicated by reference numeral 81 in which the second pass took place.
  • the apertures that are lighter shaded represent apertures that produce dots having lower density.
  • the columns that are lighter shaded represent columns of print that have a lower density.
  • Columns of lesser density produced each by a single aperture in two passes are indicated by reference numeral 82 and columns of greater density each produced by a single aperture in two passes are indicated by reference numeral 83 in Fig. 11.
  • the columns of less density are of narrower width than those in Fig.
  • FIG. 12 A second embodiment of the multi pass method is illustrated in Fig. 12.
  • the printing is carried out in three passes.
  • the row of apertures has moved from the first position indicated by reference numeral 91 in which the first pass took place to the position indicated by reference numeral 92 in which the second pass took place and then to the position indicated by reference numeral 93.
  • the number of apertures 30 per unit of length transverse is one third that needed to achieve the same resolution as with a single pass.
  • a first one third of the image is formed on the drum. This first third comprising one third of the columns of print indicated by reference numeral 94 of the intended final image.
  • the drum and printhead structure are then moved relative to each other in the direction transverse to the direction of movement of the drum, but in the plane of the drum, preferably by moving the drum transversely. Then, in a second pass, a second set of columns of the image indicated by reference numeral 95 are printed.
  • the printhead structure is moved transversely by an amount equal to 3N+2 number of times the transverse pitch length, where N is an integer including 0. N will have a maximum value dependent upon the number of apertures and the width of the image to be printed such that the transverse movement leaves enough apertures available to print the image.
  • the second pass can occur with the drum traveling in the same longitudinal direction as the second pass or in the opposite longitudinal direction.
  • a third and final pass the remainder of the columns of the image indicated by reference numeral 96 are printed.
  • the printhead structure is moved transversely by an amount equal to 3N+2 number of times the transverse pitch length L, where N is an integer including 0. N will have a maximum value dependent upon the number of apertures and the width of the image to be printed such that the transverse movement leaves enough apertures available to print the image.
  • the third pass can occur with the drum traveling in the same direction as the first pass or in the opposite direction. This embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 12 which shows the drum at the end of the first pass.
  • the apertures that are lighter shaded represent apertures that produce dots having lower density.
  • the columns that are lighter shaded represent columns of print that have a lower density.
  • the row is moved transversely by an amount equal to 3N+2 number of times the transverse pitch length L.
  • the row could be moved transversely by an amount equal to 3N+4 number of times the transverse pitch length between each pass where N is an integer including 0.
  • N is an integer including 0.
  • the number and transverse extent of the apertures in a row is chosen such that not all the apertures are needed to print the intended image. The printing from apertures at the end of the rows which are outside the area to be printed is then suppressed.
  • the apparatus may be arranged such that the non-used apertures are at both ends of the row or rows of apertures and during a pass an aperture or apertures at both ends are simultaneously not used.
  • the movement could at least be PN+P+1 or PN+P-1 times the pitch length where P is number of passes needed to complete an image, and N is an integer including 0.
  • P number of passes needed to complete an image
  • N is an integer including 0.
  • the movements may be 5*N + X times the pitch length where X may be 2, 3, 4 or 6 and N is an integer including 0.
  • the movements may be 7*N + X times the pitch length where X may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8 and N is an integer including 0.
  • the printhead structure may comprise one or more transverse rows of apertures.
  • the number of apertures in each transverse row may be equal or unequal.
  • the pitch between each aperture in a row may be equal or unequal.
  • the pitch between apertures in a row may be the same in each row, or different rows may contain apertures with different pitches.
  • the apertures in one row are in staggered relationship with the apertures of another row.
  • the apertures in one row may be arranged to be centered between the apertures of the other row.
  • the apertures of one row may arranged to be off centre relative to the apertures of the other row, whilst avoiding being in longitudinal alignment.
  • the number of rows of apertures may be the same on each printhead or different.
  • the printhead structure includes two rows of apertures 101, 102.
  • the apertures in one row 101 are transversely displaced relative the apertures in the other row 102.
  • the apertures as shown are spaced apart from each other transversely by the same distance, though this is not essential.
  • Each row of apertures includes one sixth of the number of apertures per unit length required to print the complete image so that the two rows of apertures together include one third of the number of apertures per unit length required to print the complete image.
  • the image is printed in three passes of the printhead structure.
  • the positions of the rows of apertures for the first, second and third passes are indicated by 103, 104 and 105 respectively.
  • the rows of apertures may not receive the same quantity of toner particles when printing. Since one row is always upstream or downstream of another row relative to the movement of the toner carrier the row which is upstream will have more toner available than the row which is downstream. The effect of this is that the downstream row or rows may produce dots of a lower density than other rows. If adjacent columns of print are printed by apertures in the same row then the effect of the lower density will be more visible as double width columns of low density will be produced. In accordance with the preceding embodiment no two adjacent columns of print are produced by the same row of apertures. This ensures that the columns of lower density are always spaced from each other and hence are less visible. Although, described with a relative movement between passes of four times the column width the movement could also be eight times the column width.
  • the number and transverse extent of the apertures in the rows is chosen such that not all the apertures in each row are needed to print the intended image.
  • the printing from apertures at the end of the rows which are outside the area to be printed is then suppressed.
  • the apparatus may be arranged such that the non-used apertures are at both ends of the row or rows of apertures and during a pass an aperture or apertures at both ends are simultaneously not used.
  • DDC control of the apertures may be used.
  • each aperture is able to print more than one column of print in a single pass.
  • the DDC control is preferably arranged to print columns from a single aperture which are not adjacent to each other, though in a less preferred embodiment they could print adjacent columns in a single pass.
  • the DDC control is arranged to print two non-adjacent columns of print per pass from each aperture, in this embodiment the columns are separated from each other by a distance of twice the pitch length.
  • the row of apertures has moved from the first position indicated by reference numeral 110 in which the first pass took place to the position indicated by reference numeral 113 in which the second pass took place.
  • the columns printed by a single aperture 111 are indicated by shaded lines 112 in the drawing.
  • the position of the aperture 111 producing the columns is indicated by shading.
  • the aperture in this embodiment produces columns of print that are separated by a single column.
  • the drum and printhead structure are then moved relative to each other by 5 pitch lengths L in the direction transverse to the direction of movement of the drum, but in the plane of the drum.
  • a second pass a second set of columns of the image are printed.
  • the position 113 of the apertures in the second pass are indicated by the second row of apertures.
  • the columns printed by the aperture 111 in the second pass are indicated by shaded lines 114 in the drawing.
  • the printhead structure is moved transversely by an amount equal to N*2 + 5 number of times the transverse pitch length L, where N is an integer including 0. N will have a maximum value dependent upon the number of apertures and the width of the image to be printed such that the transverse movement leaves enough apertures available to print the image.
  • N is equal to 0 so that the relative movement between passes is equal to 5.
  • the relative movement is just sufficient to ensure that the columns printed by a single aperture are not adjacent each other.
  • the relative movement could however be greater than 5, e.g. 7, 9 etc.
  • each aperture prints two columns of print which are separated from each other by four times the pitch length.
  • the row of apertures has moved from the first position indicated by reference numeral 120 in which the first pass took place to the position indicated by reference numeral 123 in which the second pass took place.
  • the columns printed by a single aperture 121 are indicated by shaded lines 122 in the drawing.
  • the position of the aperture 121 producing the columns is indicated by shading.
  • the position 123 of the apertures in the second pass are indicated by the second row of apertures.
  • the columns printed by the aperture 121 m the second pass are indicated by shaded lines 124 m the drawing.
  • the relative movement is less if the distance between the columns printed m a pass is at least six. In this case the relative movement may be only three pitch lengths. This is possible because the individual columns printed by a single aperture are sufficiently far apart to allow an intermingling of columns printed from different passes by the same aperture.
  • Fig. 16 the row of apertures has moved from the first position indicated by reference numeral 130 m which the first pass took place to the position indicated by reference numeral 133 in which the second pass took place.
  • the columns 132 printed from the aperture 131 on the first pass are printed m hatched shading and the columns 134 printed on the second pass are printed in differently hatched shading. As is visible m the drawings, columns from one pass intermingle columns from the other pass.
  • each aperture prints two columns per line and pass, the distance between the two columns is three times the pitch length and the image is printed in three passes.
  • the relative transverse movement between passes may be 5, 7 or more times the pitch length, according to the formula N*3 + 5 or N*3 + 7, where N is an integer including 0.
  • DDC control is used to print adjacent columns of print. Each aperture prints two adjacent columns so the spacing is one pitch length.
  • the image is printed in three passes.
  • the relative transverse movement between passes may be 4, 8 or more times the pitch length according to the formulae N*6 + 4 or N*6 + 8, where N is an integer including 0.
  • DDC control is used to print adjacent columns of print. Each aperture prints three adjacent columns so the spacing is one pitch length. The image is printed in two passes. In this case the relative transverse movement between passes may be 9, 15 or more times the pitch length according to the formulae N*6 + 9, where N is an integer including 0.
  • the amount of transverse movement of the printhead structure relative to the image receiving member is normally greater than the transverse distance between the apertures in the printhead structure. This means that for any one aperture its transverse position during a subsequent pass is beyond the position of the aperture which was transversely adjacent to said one aperture in the previous pass. Alternatively, any one aperture is beyond the position of the aperture which was transversely adjacent to said one aperture in the previous pass plus one, i.e. two passes previously. This means that the an aperture passes beyond the position of its neighbour either at the next pass or over next pass.
  • the spacing of the transverse spacing of the apertures in the printhead structure may assume any suitable value.
  • the value is between 1 and 9 times the pitch length more preferably it is between 2 and 6 times the pitch length or less. Even more preferably it is between 3 and 5 times the pitch length.
  • the image receiving member in this embodiment is a drum 3.
  • the drum 3 rotates about an axis.
  • Around the periphery of the drum 3 are arranged four print stations la, lb, lc and Id.
  • the print stations respectively contain differently coloured toner particles to allow colour printing.
  • One of the print stations may contain black toner particles to allow black and white printing.
  • a cleaning structure (not shown in the drawings) can be provided for cleaning the printhead structures of toner particles as required.
  • the cleaning station preferably comprises a vacuum source, for example in the form of an audio loudspeaker.
  • the vacuum source acts through one or more transversely aligned rows of apertures in the drum so that a suction force may be effected on a printhead structure.
  • the printhead structure provided with each print station is preferably of the type illustrated in Figs. 6a-c, i.e. two parallel rows of apertures with constant pitch between the apertures m a row.
  • the apertures of one row are staggered in relationship to the apertures of the other row.
  • the apertures of one row may be centered m the spaces between the apertures of the other row, though they could be arranged eccentrically.
  • Cleaning of the printhead structures preferably is performed after each pass.
  • the cleaning is performed after an image has been formed.
  • the cleaning is performed after two or more images have been formed.
  • each transverse line of the image to be formed on the drum passes the printhead structures m turn.
  • the transverse line then passes the transfer station 6. While the drum is rotating it is moved along its axis.
  • the printhead structures and drum are thus moved continuously relatively to each other in the transverse direction parallel to the axis of the drum.
  • Each rotation of the drum causes a pass of the printhead structures.
  • the transfer station starts to transfer the image to paper as soon as the leading edge of the image reaches the fuser unit. This transfer may start before the other parts of the image have passed all the printhead structures.
  • the cleaning structure is preferably permanently so that cleaning of each printhead structure may be effected on each pass.
  • the image preferably occupies major portion of the circumference of the drum, m particular more than 50%, preferably more than 75°. Where the image occupied a sufficient portion of the circumference of the drum the start of a further pass for the leading edge of an image may start to be printed before the previous pass has been completed by all printhead structures.
  • a step distance of RxPxN - 2 is possible.
  • a step distance of RxPxN + X, where X has the values -7 or -5 are possible.
  • the above examples are particularly useful where the starvation effect leads to a variation in dot density between different rows of apertures on the printhead structure.
  • the starvation effect may occur over several adjacent apertures which are spaced from each other in the transverse direction. In this case it may be appropriate to have a larger transverse movement. For example it may be two or more times the extent of the starvation effect.
  • the printhead structure or another par of the printer may include an instrument for measuring the optical density of the image. The instrument may detect the transverse extent of the starvation effect. The output of the instrument may be used to cause a transverse movement sufficient that that the apertures affected by the starvation effect do not print columns adjacent to columns which were formed by the starved apertures in a preceding pass .
  • the direction of movement of the drum relative to the printhead structures will be reversed.
  • a pass without any printing is performed during which the direction of movement is changed.
  • the change in direction takes place after one image has been completed and before another image is commenced.
  • a pass without printing may also be made where it is desired to change the speed and/or pattern of the transverse motion of the drum.
  • the drum can be formed of an electrically conducting material.
  • the material may optionally be covered on its surface facing outwardly towards the toner carrier with a thin layer of an electrically insulating material, preferably less than 100 microns thick.
  • the electrically conducting material is preferably a metal though any material is possible so long as it conducts electricity.
  • the metal is preferably aluminium.
  • the thin layer of insulating material is sufficiently thin that the electric field lines pass through sufficiently to allow a mirror charge to be formed which mirrors the charge on the toner on the surface of the transfer belt or drum. This mirror charge increases the force holding the charged toner to the transfer belt or drum.
  • the insulating materials may be any suitable material, in particular aluminium oxide.
  • the aluminium oxide may be combined with any conducting material for the drum, but is particularly advantageous when used with a drum with an aluminium surface.
  • the above form of drum is particularly useful when the transfer of the image is to be effected by pressure as the stronger material of the drum allows a higher pressure to be used.
  • the pitch (distance between centers of dots) may be varied.
  • the distance between dots on the transverse lines (horizontal pitch) may be varied and/or the distance between dots in a longitudinal column (vertical pitch) may be varied.
  • the horizontal pitch may be varied by varying the amount of relative transverse movement between passes.
  • the vertical pitch can be varied by varying the amount of longitudinal movement between the printing of lines.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but may be varied within the scope of the appended patent claims.
  • the invention is not limited to use of an image receiving member in the form of a drum.
  • the image receiving member can be a drum of the kind mentioned above, or may alternatively be an endless belt.
  • said image receiving member can be formed for example by a sheet-like or belt-like element which is bent so that its end portions meet.
  • the above-mentioned opening or openings can be formed by means of for example a joining element which joins said end portions while providing a slit or gap between the end portions.
  • the invention can be used for colour printing, as described above. It can also be used for black and white printing. In the latter case, a printing apparatus using only one printing station and only one cartridge with black toner particles can then be used.
  • the invention can be used with a multiplexing method, such as the above-mentioned multi pass method or DDC method, or may alternatively be operated without any multiplexing method.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif imageur dans lequel des données image sont converties en un motif de champs électriques destiné à moduler le transport de particules de poudre imprimante chargées d'un support de particules jusqu'à un élément électrode postérieur. Ce dispositif imageur comprend: une source de tension d'arrière plan destinée à produire un champ électrique de fond qui permet le transport de particules de poudre imprimante chargées dudit support de particules jusqu'à l'élément électrode postérieur; au moins une structure tête d'impression placée dans ledit champ électrique de fond comprenant plusieurs ouvertures et électrodes de commande placées en fonction des ouvertures, des sources de tension de commande destinées à fournir des potentiels de commande aux électrodes de commande conformément aux données image en vue d'autoriser ou de refuser sélectivement le transport de particules de poudre imprimante chargées du support de particules à travers les ouvertures, et un élément récepteur d'images déplacé en relation avec la tête d'impression afin d'intercepter les particules chargées transportées dans une configuration d'image. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que ce dispositif imageur comprend un élément boîtier abritant au moins partiellement l'élément récepteur d'image, et un moyen placé sur ce boîtier afin de supporter la structure tête d'impression et le support de particules dans des positions prédéterminées conformément à l'élément de réception d'image. L'invention concerne également un élément boîtier destiné à ce dispositif imageur, et un appareil d'impression en couleurs.
PCT/SE2000/000838 1999-05-12 2000-05-03 Dispositif imageur WO2000069640A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU47905/00A AU4790500A (en) 1999-05-12 2000-05-03 Image forming apparatus

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PCT/SE1999/000818 WO2000069638A1 (fr) 1999-05-12 1999-05-12 Dispositif d'impression directe dote d'une unite de nettoyage
SEPCT/SE99/00818 1999-05-12
PCT/EP2000/003115 WO2001076880A1 (fr) 2000-04-07 2000-04-07 Dispositif et procede d'impression directe
EPPCT/EP00/03115 2000-04-07

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PCT/SE2000/000838 WO2000069640A1 (fr) 1999-05-12 2000-05-03 Dispositif imageur
PCT/SE2000/000837 WO2000069639A1 (fr) 1999-05-12 2000-05-03 Procede et appareil de formation d'image
PCT/SE2000/000839 WO2000069641A1 (fr) 1999-05-12 2000-05-03 Appareil de conception d'images et procede

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WO2002042081A1 (fr) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-30 Array Ab Dispositif d'impression directe comprenant une ouverture conique
WO2002050615A1 (fr) * 2000-12-19 2002-06-27 Array Ab Appareil d'impression electrostatique directe
WO2002085632A1 (fr) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-31 Array Ab Appareil de formation d'images et procede pour impression directe

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SE8902090D0 (sv) * 1989-06-07 1989-06-07 Array Printers Ab Saett att foerbaettra utskriftsprestanda foer skrivare samt anordningar foer genomfoerande av saettet
US4903050A (en) * 1989-07-03 1990-02-20 Xerox Corporation Toner recovery for DEP cleaning process
US5374949A (en) * 1989-11-29 1994-12-20 Kyocera Corporation Image forming apparatus
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US5239349A (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-08-24 Eastman Kodak Company Fuser and a fuser roller cartridge having fusing roller skive
US5296894A (en) * 1992-12-03 1994-03-22 Eastman Kodak Company Image forming apparatus and an image member cartridge containing a photoconductive drum

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10844135B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2020-11-24 Immunogen, Inc. Method of targeting specific cell populations using cell-binding agent maytansinoid conjugates linked via a non-cleavable linker, said conjugates and methods of making said

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JP2004506533A (ja) 2004-03-04
AU4790400A (en) 2000-12-05
WO2000069638A1 (fr) 2000-11-23
AU4790500A (en) 2000-12-05
AU4809299A (en) 2000-12-05
WO2000069641A1 (fr) 2000-11-23
WO2000069641A8 (fr) 2001-07-12
WO2000069639A1 (fr) 2000-11-23

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