WO2000058037A1

WO2000058037A1 - Method for treating agricultural and forest residues

Info

Publication number: WO2000058037A1
Application number: PCT/ES2000/000112
Authority: WO
Inventors: Francisco Garcia Garcia
Original assignee: Recuperacion Y Tratamiento De Biomasa Trabisa, S.L
Priority date: 1999-03-29
Filing date: 2000-03-28
Publication date: 2000-10-05
Also published as: ES2150393A1; ES2150393B1; AU3433700A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, whereby various elements forming part of the agricultural and forest residues are collected and packaged after being pressed in appropriate presses. Pressing and packaging can be carried out after classifying the products by type. The packages can be then collected, reclassified and used accordingly thereby providing a means for cost-effective utilization of the energy and by-products obtained from the agricultural or forest biomass and a means for clearing the residues, which also helps prevent the spread of fires. The inventive method for the utilization of agricultural and forest biomass can be used for industrial applications of the by-products obtained and for the generation of energy.

Description

Method for the treatment of agricultural and forest residues.

The technical sector of this patent is the use of forest waste. Simultaneously it affects the process of cleaning the forest floor. The forest is formed by a surface characterized by the fact that biological activity develops without human intervention. It occupies a position of high value in the ecosystem, because it nourishes through the exclusively natural of its development, the rest of the elements that depend on said system.

However, the intervention of man in the vicinity, has greatly limited the presence of animals in the forests. Animals form a predatory effect with man that, in equilibrium, is beneficial to the system. However, the presence of man, and particularly civilization, removes animals that are confined to limited areas or become extinct due to limitations in their natural habitat. Forest fires, among other causes, are the result of the disproportion between plant development and animal development. All biomass

from trees or plants, or becomes a substrate when incorporated into the land by trampling animals, mainly ungulates, or is eaten by

other animals, such as rodents or certain mammals living in the forests. Forest fires become disastrous, among other things because of the proliferation of biomass that is not consumed, self-consumed, or transformed.

It is therefore necessary to intervene in the cleaning of the forest, avoiding

proliferation of forest biomass whose effects on the ecosystem are negative, since neither animals nor man have been extracting them.

On the other hand, a reality in social behavior lies in that activities that do not involve a profit, are either carried out awkwardly, or are not carried out, an inverse situation to those that have an economic result.

In this sense, it is to be considered that in the treatment of products, it must be differentiated between bulk, and packaged products. Bulks by their nature have certain difficulties to be used, stored, transported, and ultimately, profitable. On the other hand, packaged products have the specific advantage that a single transport operation carries out the transfer of an entire assembly, as well as its storage can be stacked, drastically reducing the size and structure of the corresponding spaces. The purpose of this patent, based on the foregoing considerations, is to limit the proliferation of forest biomass to a minimum, thereby preventing its proliferation, and in other cases the provision of adequate, economically profitable means to achieve it. .

Indication of the prior art. The collection of forest biomass usually takes place through the dispersion of brigades of people who collect in the forest what can burn fundamentally. However, the work is uncomfortable and unproductive due to working conditions. It usually takes place by taking a tractor with a trailer box along the forest roads, while the brigades put in their box how much forest biomass they find. Once the box is full, it must be emptied and returned. With certain distances to the base of operations, it is uncomfortable and in fact hinders the set of operations.

We have already commented on the specific difference between the bulk and the

packaging, which in this case becomes another difficulty for the collection of forest and agricultural mass.

The present invention aims at a method for treatment of agricultural and forestry waste, in which the function of obtaining forest biomass is combined in a way that develops the compression of biomass in a press suitable for this purpose and depending on the type of specific material, of in such a way that the capacity of grouping what is obtained from the forest is multiplied, the work of the forestry agents in charge of the work is facilitated, and on the other hand the activity becomes profitable, being the whole set of the obtained, recoverable, and therefore when obtaining such biomass is beneficial, the activity of cleaning the forest is profitable, with the consequent beneficial effect both for the forest itself to avoid fires, and for its natural inhabitants and the corresponding ecological environment. On the other hand, obtaining by-products derived from the forest, such as coal, prevents the cutting down of trees with which to obtain the same result as fuel.

The method contains phases such as: a) Define the roads and harvest points. b) collect, fragment if necessary, and package the by-products for transport in the first collection equipment. This process forms the basis

fundamental in this method, since it constitutes the nucleus of the intended purpose, that is, to transform the product from the forest or agricultural soil into a manageable or usable product in compressed units that have specific characteristics when they are already packaged with the possibility of being manipulated,

transported, etc. bl Fragment pack and transport products to a second point.

b2 Collection of the products by means of a crane of a vehicle, truck, trailer or any combination of these.

b3 Packaging of products after pressing by hydraulic press arranged in the vehicle itself, truck, trailer or any combination of these.

This reduces the cost because raw transport is expensive because the weight is very low in relation to volume. The bales are deposited on the road or next to it, and are collected by a second vehicle. They may not be immediately collected, being the constitutive use of two separable parts: First, the pressing and packaging, first and fundamental transformation that inseparably groups together the set of materials obtained, which produce forest or agricultural cleaning and group its content in a very profitable way or at least limiting the damages that can be caused by a fire. Secondly, the fact that said material so grouped and packed can be picked up at a much later time, this time being able to extend over time, depending on the profitability of the substrate, transit capacity of the vehicle that picks it up, and so on. b4 It is possible that each type of product is collected separately. c) Collect the waste packages that will be subsequently used in accordance with

her CARACTERISTICS. c ') Factory milled from the products obtained from the packages formed. d) Process of separation of the products contained in the waste packages, di Screening by means of an inclined vibrating screen determining material separation, selecting the products of significant volume.

d2 Collection of surplus products that are selected by size by means of a conveyor belt that makes them reach a mill in the substrate line.

d3 Conducted from the materials to the mill of a chipping line, for, eg, chipboard manufacturing,

d4 Alternatively, conducted of the materials to a continuous coal furnace. e) Use of the result: Charcoal e2 Chipped for the manufacture of chipboard e3 Substrate, by separating the wood from the sheets of the material in the screening, for the fermentation process and obtaining the substrate. e4 Biomass, for conduction to a cogeneration furnace connected to an inductor group, from which electrical energy will be obtained by the corresponding heat energy.

Each of these phases is not limited according to what is indicated, since there are many combinations that would result according to the application of the method to a given forest area, while they would not give the same result if the same were applied criteria in a forest area of different structure or nature. Therefore, once the general forms of application have been established, each particular case will need to adapt the indicated process to its specific conditions.

In order to make clearer the explanation to be followed, a scheme is attached in which it is determined by means of a chart diagram, the processes according to products and purposes already set forth above, which represent the essence of the present invention.

This scheme shows indicated by 1 step a) consisting of defining the roads and harvest points, with 2 step b) consisting of collecting, fragmenting if necessary, and packaging the by-products for transport in the first collection equipment; this has as subfunctions, those indicated by 3, previously indicated by bl consisting of fragmenting packaging and transporting products to a

second point, for 4 the b2 consisting of the collection of the products by means of a crane of a vehicle, truck, trailer or any combination of these, with 5 the b3

consisting of the packaging of the products after pressing through the press Hydraulics arranged in the vehicle itself, with 6 the b4 consisting of the sample the possibility that each type of product is collected separately, with 7 indicates the possibility that the collection is by any combination of those indicated by 4 to 6 , without limitation; with 8 the one described by c) is shown, consisting of collecting the waste packages that will be subsequently used according to their characteristics. Said collection may be immediate, deferred, selective, etc., in accordance with the specific purpose. The next phase of the method consists in the separation process for the subsequent reuse of the previously obtained products, and which are indicated in the scheme by 9 consisting of d) in the process of separation of the products contained in the waste packages, by 10 the screening according to di by means of an inclined vibrating sieve determining material separation, selecting the products of significant volume, by 11 the one indicated with d2 consisting of the collection of the surplus products that are selected by size by means of a conveyor belt that makes them arrive to a mill of the substrate line; by 12 the one indicated by d3, that is to say, the conduction of the materials to the mill of a chipping line; by 13 the d4 is indicated by which, alternatively, the materials are conducted to a continuous coal furnace. The parts indicated by 14 to 17 show the use of the result of each process, the one indicated by 14 corresponding to the el and e4 phases indicated above, for the manufacture of charcoal; with 15 the one indicated above is shown by e3 consisting of the substrate, by separation of the wood from the sheets of the material in the screening, for the fermentation process and obtaining of substrate; with 16 the

corresponding to e2 that is the chipboard for the manufacture of chipboard; 17 shows the use indicated by e4 relative to biomass, for

conduction to a cogeneration furnace connected to an inductor group, of which You will get electric power.

The use of the different phases of this method, are derived directly from:

1. The structure of the forest itself. There is no use of materials that are not given; therefore in pine forests less substrate is obtained than in those that combine deciduous trees, and in these there will naturally be less branching than in those of evergreen that usually have a thickener substrate of greater thickness according to certain particular conditions .

2. On the systematics of the forms of collection of waste corresponding to each type of exploitation.

3. Of the needs of exploitation. This depends directly on the needs of the industry in the area. Thus, in regions where furniture or boards are manufactured, wood chipping will tend to manufacture chipboard boards, while in other cases it will manufacture coal or energy will be harnessed in cogeneration ovens.

4. And especially the packaging. The packaging, as we have indicated,

It constitutes the fundamental difference between the bulk, dispersed or dispersible and therefore of non-affordable handling, of the packaged product, which prevents dispersion, allows deferred collection, and the possibility that the transport vehicle loads more units of packaged product than bulk, which would require an immediacy between the time of meeting and the time of gathering. In summary it consists in carrying out the collection of woody waste from cutting, pruning or cleaning of biomass and compaction and packaging by means of a specific press located in a self-supporting or towed vehicle. It is susceptible of industrial application, in the use of the forest biomass for industrial use of the obtained by-products, as well as for the generation of energy.

Claims

1.- Method for the treatment of agricultural and forest residues, of which they contain woody parts, which includes the selection, collection and treatment of products from the field or forest, characterized in that it comprises in a first stage the following phases:

- on-site waste collection

- placement in a fragmenting machine

- fragmented said waste by shearing,

- compressed of said waste - packed in bullets by compaction of the waste

- transport to the factory and in a second stage it includes the following phases:

- separation of the packages, and

- splintering, - screening, and / or

- ground according to the nature and uses of the respective by-products, said waste being woody waste from cutting, pruning, starting or cleaning of biomass.

2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the pre-transport stage to the factory comprises the phases,

- Definition of roads and harvest points (1),

- waste collection,

- fragmented said waste,

- compressed said waste, - packaged fragmented and compressed waste, - package collection.

3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the collection, fragmentation and packaging is carried out in a collection equipment (2) constituting a press and a corresponding packaging machine;

4. Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the packed by-products move to a second point in a time-delayed manner.

5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressing of the products is carried out by means of a hydraulic press arranged in the vehicle itself or linked to it.

6. Method according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the collection and transport to the factory is carried out by means of a second vehicle (5);

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the factory the separation of the products contained in the waste packages (9) is carried out.

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation is carried out by screening by means of an inclined vibrating screen that determines the separation of the material, selecting the products of significant volume (10).

9. Method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized by milling at the factory of the products obtained from the packages formed.

10. Method according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the remaining products are selected by size by means of a conveyor belt to a mill of the substrate line (11).

11. Method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the woody products are conditioned to the mill of a chipping line (12) for the production of wood chips for the manufacture of chipboard.

12. Method according to claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the products are conducted to a continuous carbon homo (13) to obtain charcoal.

13. Method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the light matter, after its separation from the wood is subjected to a fermentation process and obtaining a vegetable substrate (15).

14. Method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the biomass (17) is conducted to a cogeneration furnace connected to an inductor group, to obtain heat energy (14).