WO2000051277A9

WO2000051277A9 - Flexible optical multiplexer

Info

Publication number: WO2000051277A9
Application number: PCT/US2000/003839
Authority: WO
Filing date: 2000-02-15
Publication date: 2001-08-23

Abstract

A multiplexer has an optical circulator including at least first, second and third circulator ports. An optical fiber with a first optical transmission path is coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator. The optical fiber caries a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, including signals μ1-μn, and at least one signal μ1 to be dropped by the multiplexer. A second optical transmission path is in optical communication with the second circulator port. A first filter is coupled to the second optical transmission path. The first filter passes a portion of the μ1 signal, and reflects a first residual μ1 signal and signals μ2-μn to the optical circulator. A third optical transmission path is in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmits the signals μ2-μn received from the optical circulator.

Description

FLEXIBLE OPTICAL MULTIPLEXER

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to optical multiplexers, and more particularly to wavelength selectable optical multiplexers and de-multiplexers.

Description of Related Art

Optical communication systems are a substantial and fast-growing constituent of communication networks. As used herein, an optical communication system, relates to any system which uses optical signals to convey information across an optical waveguiding medium. Such optical systems include, but are not limited to, telecommunications systems, cable television systems, and local area networks (LANs). Optical systems are described in Gowar, Ed. Optical Communication Systems, (Prentice Hall, N.Y.) c. 1993, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Currently, the majority of optical communication systems are configured to carry an optical channel of a single wavelength over one or more optical waveguides. To convey information from plural sources, time-division multiplexing is frequently employed (TDM). In time-division multiplexing, a particular time slot is assigned to each information source, the complete signal being constructed from the signal portion collected from each time slot. While this is a useful technique for carrying plural information sources on a single channel, its capacity is limited by fiber dispersion and the need to generate high peak power pulses.

While the need for communication services increases, the current capacity of existing waveguiding media is limited. Although capacity may be expanded, e.g., by laying more fiber optic cables, the cost of such expansion is prohibitive. Consequently, there exists a need for a cost-effective way to increase the capacity of existing optical waveguides.

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has been explored as an approach for increasing the capacity of existing fiber optic networks. A WDM system employs plural optical signal channels, each channel being assigned a particular channel wavelength. In a WDM system, optical signal channels are generated, multiplexed to form an optical signal comprised of the individual optical signal channels, transmitted over a single waveguide, and de- multiplexed such that each channel wavelength is individually routed to a designated receiver. Through the use of optical amplifiers, such as doped fiber amplifiers, plural optical channels are directly amplified simultaneously, facilitating the use of WDM systems in long-distance optical systems. Exemplary WDM optical communication systems are described in commonly- assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,504,609, 5,532,864, and 5,557,442, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In many applications, such as optical LANs, cable television subscriber systems, and telecommunications networks, there is a need to route one or more channels of a multiplexed optical signal to different destinations. Such routing occurs when optical channels are sent to or withdrawn from an optical transmission line e.g., for sending optical channels between a terminal and an optical bus or routing long distance telecommunications traffic to individual cities. This form of optical routing is generally referred to as optical add-drop multiplexing. The most prevalent device used for combining and extracting wavelengths in a DWDM system is an Array Waveguide (AWG). The AWG suffers from an undesirable side effect that requires each port transmit, or receive in the case of a de-multiplexer, only one specific, pre-determined wavelength and sequential wavelengths. This is problematic in the case that one of the transmitters fails. A new transmitter of the identical wavelength must be added to that specific port. A second multiplexer design uses couplers that have the unpleasant side effect of adding -lOlogN to 31og2NdB of loss at each stage of coupling.

There is a need for a DWDM device, sub-system and system with flexibility in design, configuration and degree of system refinement. There is another need for multiplexing that frees transmitters to use any port. A further need exists for flexible construction of multiplexers and de-multiplexers using different circulator port counts and interchangeable device types. There is a further need for the use of variable tunable filters working in concert to tailor a DWDM signal for gain flatness as well as other applications. Another need exists for DWDM devices, sub-systems and systems with low cross-talk.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a DWDM device, subsystem or system that provides improved flexibility in design, configuration and system refinement.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a DWDM device, sub-system or system that is tunable.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a DWDM device, sub-system or system that is programmably tunable.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a DWDM device, sub-system or system that is flexible and provides for different configuration, different levels of filtration as well as different combinations of wavelengths that are multiplexed and de-multiplexed.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tunable DWDM device with one or more filters to reduce crosstalk.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a position independent method and device for combining or separing many wavelengths into or from a single optical fiber.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a wavelength tunable variable optical tap.

Another object of the invention is to provide a drop and continue network node.

These and other objects of the invention are provided in a multiplexer with an optical circulator including at least first, second and third circulator ports. An optical fiber with a first optical transmission path is coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator. The optical fiber carries a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, including signals λ\-λ_n, and at least one signal λ\ to be dropped by the multiplexer. A second optical transmission path is in optical communication with the second circulator port. A first filter is coupled to the second optical transmission path. The first filter passes a portion of the λ\ signal, and reflects a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n to the optical circulator. A third optical transmission path is in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmits the signals λ2-λ_n received from the optical circulator.

In another embodiment, a multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system has an optical circulator with at least first, second, third and fourth circulator ports. An optical fiber with a first optical transmission path is coupled to the first circulator port and carries a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λι-λ_n. A second optical transmission path is in optical communication with the second circulator port. A first detector/filter is coupled to the second optical transmission path. The first detector/filter detects a λ^ signal, passes a portion of the λ\ signal, and reflects a first residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n to the optical circulator. A third optical transmission path is in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmits the signals λ\-λ_n received from the optical circulator. A fourth optical transmission path is in optical communication with the fourth optical circulator port. The fourth optical transmission path is positioned after the second optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path. A first optoelectronic device is coupled to the fourth optical transmission path.

In another embodiment, a first filter is substituted for the first detector/filter. The first filter does not detect the λ\ signal. The first filter passes a portion of the λ signal, and reflecting the first residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n to the optical circulator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention illustrating a DWDM system. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of multiplexer or de-multiplexer of the present invention that includes a three port optical circulator and a filter that is reflective and transmissive coupled to the optical circulator.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of multiplexer or de-multiplexer that includes a four port optical circulator and a detector/filter that detects and passes a portion of a signal, reflects a residual portion of the passed signal along with all other signals, as well as a second optoelectronic device coupled to the optical circulator.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the multiplexer or de-multiplexer of Figure 3 with an additional optical circulator port, optical transmission path and a third optoelectronic device.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the multiplexer or de-multiplexer of Figure 4 with an additional optical circulator port, optical transmission path and a fourth optoelectronic device. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of multiplexer or de-multiplexer that includes a four port optical circulator and a filter that passes a portion of a signal, reflects a residual portion of the passed signal along with all other signals, as well as a second optoelectronic device coupled to the optical circulator. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the multiplexer or de-multiplexer of

Figure 6 with an additional optical circulator port, optical transmission path and a third optoelectronic device.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a multiplexer or de-multiplexer of the present invention that includes a four port optical circulator, a laser coupled to the second port and an optoelectronic device coupled to the fourth port.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the multiplexer or de-multiplexer of Figure 8 with a second optoelectronic device coupled to an additional optical circulator port.

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a multiplexer or de-multiplexer of the present invention with two optical circulators and an optoelectronic device coupled to each optical circulator. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the multiplexer or de-multiplexer of Figure 10 that includes a residual filter positioned between the first and second optical circulators.

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a multiplex or de-multiplexer of the present invention with an input fiber, a substrate, a first optoelectronic device positioned on a surface of the substrate and a second optoelectronic device.

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a multiplex or de-multiplexer of the present invention with an input fiber, a first substrate, a second substrate that faces the first substrate, a first optoelectronic device positioned on a surface of the first substrate, a second optoelectronic device positioned at a surface of the second substrate and a third optoelectronic device.

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a multiplex or de-multiplexer of the present invention with an input fiber, a first substrate with a first substrate surface, a second substrate with a reflective surface that faces the first substrate, first and second optoelectronic devices positioned at the surface of the first substrate, and a third optoelectronic device.

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a multiplexer of the present invention that includes a three port optical circulator, and first and second lasers coupled to the first and second ports. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a de-multiplexer of the present invention that includes a three port optical circulator, with first and second detector/filters and/or filters coupled to the second and third ports.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides DWDM systems, sub-systems and devices. The present invention is applicable to coarse or wide wavelength- division multiplexing. Sub-systems of the present invention include but are not limited to multiplexers, de-multiplexers, add/drop multiplexers, gain flatteners, taps and filters. In one embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, a DWDM system 10 includes a multiplexer, a de-multiplexer and a DWDM sub-system that is coupled to the multiplexer and the de-multiplexer. Also included are one or more amplifiers. The DWDM systems, sub-systems and devices of the present invention provide improved flexibility of wavelength adding, combining, dropping, separating and leveling. The DWDM devices, sub-systems and systems of the present invention permit different system and sub-system, (i) configurations, (ii) levels of signal filtration and (ii) combinations of signals that are multiplexed and de-multiplexed.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the DWDM systems, subsystems and devices have low cross talk that is better than 20dB. It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to cross talk that is better than 20dB. Referring now to Figure 2, one embodiment of the invention is a multiplexer 10 that includes an optical circulator 12 with at least first, second and third circulator ports 14, 16 and 18 respectively. Multiplexer 10 can includes any number of circulator ports. An optical fiber with a first optical transmission path 20 is coupled to first circulator port 14. The optical fiber carries a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, including signals λj-λ_n, and at least one signal λ\ to be dropped by multiplexer 10. The signal λ\ can be any of the signals λι-λ_n. A second optical transmission path 22 is in optical communication with second circulator port 16. A first filter 24 is coupled to second optical transmission path 22. Filter 24 is transmissive in one or more signals and reflective of all other signals, has a high degree of reflectivity, works well across the entire DWDM spectrum and has minimal gain slope. Filter 24 passes a portion of the λ signal, and reflects a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2 - λ_n to optical circulator 12. A third optical transmission path 26 is in optical communication with third circulator port 18 and transmits the signals λ2 - λ_n received from the optical circulator. Filter 24 reduces the cross-talk of multiplexer 10. In one embodiment, one detector and at least two filters 24 bring down the cross talk to 50 dB, and more preferably 45 dB.

Another embodiment of a multiplexer 10 of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 3. Optical circulator has four optical circulator ports 14, 16,

18 and 30. A detector/filter 28 is coupled to second optical transmission path 22. Detector/filter combines the two functions of detection and filtering and is typically an integrated device. Detector/filter 28 detects the λj signal, passing a portion of the λ\ signal, and reflects a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2 - λ_n to optical circulator 12. Preferably, a majority of the signal λ\ is passed. Preferably, at least 95% of the signal λ\ is passed, and more preferably 99%. Detector/filter 28 can be an integral or a non-integral detector and filter device. Fourth optical transmission path 32 is positioned between second and third optical transmission paths 22 and 26. An optoelectronic device 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path 32. In this embodiment, multiplexer 10 is an optical tap, add-drop multiplexer or gain/loss equalization device. Optoelectronic device 34 can be a detector/filter, a filter or a laser.

Suitable lasers and laser assemblies are disclosed in U.S. Patent Applications, Attorney Docket Nos. 21123-701, 21123-702, 21123-703, filed on the same date of this application and incorporated herein by reference. When optoelectronic device 34 is a detector/ filter or a filter, multiplexer 12 is an optical drop or gain equalization device. When optoelectronic device 34 is a laser, multiplexer 12 is an add-drop multiplexer. Detector/filter 34 detects the first residual λ\ signal, passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are received at optical circulator 12. The second residual λ^ signal has a few percent, preferably 5% or less, of the original first residual λ\ signal, and more preferably only 0.1%.

Filter 34 does not detect the signal λ\. Filter 34 passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects the second residual λj signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are again received at optical circulator 12. Laser 34 reflects the first residual λ_j signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n and adds back the signal λ^ . Laser 34 preferably is a laser emitting an ITU grid wavelength with a front face with high reflectivity (up to 99%) to incident wavelengths other than the lasingwavelength. Instead of adding back the signal λj laser 34 can add a new signal, the λ_n+\ signal.

Referring now to Figure 4, multiplexer 10 can further include a fifth optical transmission path 36 in optical communication with a third optical circulator port 38. Fifth optical transmission path 36 is positioned between fourth and fifth optical transmission paths 32 and 26 respectively. A second optoelectronic device 40 is coupled to fifth optical transmission path 36. Second optoelectronic device 40 can be a detector/filter, filter or laser. In the embodiment of Figure 4, detector/filter 28 is coupled to second optical transmission path 22. One of detector/filter 34, filter 34 or laser 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path 32.

In Figure 4, when detector/filter 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path 32, detector/filter 40 detects the second residual λ\ signal, passes the second residual λ\ signal and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are received at optical circulator 12. Filter 40 passes the second residual λ] signal and reflects the third residual λ] signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are again received at optical circulator 12. In this embodiment, multiplexer 12 is an optical drop, add-drop multiplexer or gain/loss equalization device. Laser 40 reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n, and either adds back the signal λ\ or adds a new λ_n+\ signal. In this embodiment, multiplexer 12 is an add-drop multiplexer.

Further in Figure 4, when laser 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path, detector/filter 40 detects the first residual λ signal, passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λj signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n and the signal λ_n+\ . Filter 40 passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ] signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n and the signal λ_n+\ .

Laser 40 reflects the first residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n, the signal λ_n+\ and adds back the signal λ^ or adds a new signal λ_n+2. As shown in Figure 5, a sixth optical transmission path 42 is in optical communication with a sixth optical circulator port 44. Sixth optical transmission path 42 is positioned after between fifth and third optical transmission paths 36 and 26. An optoelectronic device 46 is coupled to sixth optical transmission path 42. Optoelectronic device 46 can be a detector/filter, filter or laser. In Figure 5, when detector/filter 34 or filter 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path 32, and detector/filter 40 or filter 40 is coupled to fifth optical transmission path 36, laser 46 reflects the third residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n and adds back the signal λj or adds the new signal λ_n+ι . In each of Figures 2-5, a bi-directional optical amplifier 48 can be coupled to any of the second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth optical transmission paths 22, 32, 36 and 42 respectively, and positioned between the optoelectronic device and optical circulator 12. Bi-directional optical amplifier 48 has low noise, flat gain and is able to handle the entire DWDM signal range. Additionally, some or all of detector/filter, filter, bi-directional amplifier and laser 28, 34, 40 and 48 can be programmably or non-programmably tunable.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6, filter 24 is coupled to second optical transmission path 22. Filter 24 passes a majority of the signal λ\ and reflects the first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2 - λ_n to optical circulator 12. An optoelectronic device 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path 30.

Optoelectronic device 34 can be a filter, detector/filter, laser amplifier or attenuator.

When optoelectronic device 34 is a filter, multiplexer 10 is an optical tap, optical drop or gain/loss equalization device. Filter 34 passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are again received at optical circulator 12. When optoelectronic device 34 is a detector/filter, multiplexer 12 is an optical drop or gain equalization device. Detector/filter 34 detects the first residual λ\ signal, passes the first residual λ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are received at optical circulator 12. When optoelectronic device 34 is a laser, multiplexer 12 is an add-drop multiplexer. Laser 34 adds back the signal λj or adds a new signal, the λ_n+ι signal.

Referring now to Figure 7, multiplexer 10 of Figure 6 can further include second optoelectronic device 40 coupled to fifth optical transmission path 36. Second optoelectronic device 40 can be a detector/filter, filter, laser amplifier or attenuator. Multiplexer 12 is an optical tap, optical drop, add-drop multiplexer or gain equalization device when second optoelectronic device is filter 40; an optical drop, gain equalization device, add-drop multiplexer or optical tap when second optoelectronic device is detector/filter 40; and an add- drop multiplexer when second optoelectronic device 40 is laser 40. In Figure 7, when detector/filter 34 or filter 34 are coupled to fourth optical transmission path 32, detector/filter 40 detects the second residual λ\ signal, passes the second residual λ\ signal and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are received at optical circulator 12. Filter

40 passes the second residual λ\ signal and reflects the third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n which are again received at optical circulator 12. Laser

40 reflects the second residual λ signal and the signals λ2 - λ_n, and either adds back the signal λ\ or adds a new λ_n+ι signal.

Further in Figure 7, when laser 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path, detector/filter 40 detects the first residual λj signal, passes the first residual λj signal and reflects a second residual λ signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n and the signal λ_n+ι . Filter 40 passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n and the signal λ_n+\ . Laser 40 reflects the first residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n, the signal λ_n+ι and adds back the signal λ\ or adds a new signal λ_n+2- In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, a laser 25 is coupled to second optical transmission path 22. Laser 25 reflects the signals λι-λ_n and adds a signal λ_n+\ . An optoelectronic device 34 is coupled to fourth optical transmission path 30. Optoelectronic device 34 can be a filter, detector/filter or laser and multiplexer 12 is an add-drop multiplexer or an optical add. In Figure 8, when optoelectronic device 34 is a detector/filter 34, detector/filter 34 passes the first residual λj signal and reflects the second residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2 - λ_n and the signal λ_n+\ which are again received at optical circulator 12. Laser 34 reflects the signal λ -λ_n, the signal λ_n+j and adds the λ_n+\ signal, all of which are directed to optical circulator 12. In Figure 9, multiplexer 10 of Figure 6 further includes second optoelectronic device 40 coupled to fifth optical transmission path 36. Second optoelectronic device 40 can be a detector/filter, filter or laser. When second optoelectronic device is a laser, Laser 40 reflects signals λj-λ_n, signal λ_n+ \, and signal λ_n+2, and adds a signal λ_n+3. Third optical transmission path 26 transmits signals λ\-λ_n, signal λ_n+ι, the λ_n+2 signal and signal λ_n+3.

Multiple optical circulators are also used with the present invention. As illustrated in Figure 10, multiplexer 10 includes optical circulator 12 with at least first, second and third circulator ports 14, 16 and 18, and an optical fiber, carrying signals λi -λ_n, with a first optical transmission path 20 coupled to first circulator port 14. Second optical transmission path 22 is in optical communication with second circulator port 16. An optoelectronic device 48 is in optical communication with second optical transmission path. A second optical circulator 50 has at least a first, second and third circulator ports 52, 54 and 56 respectively. Third optical transmission path 26 is in optical communication with third circulator port 18 and first circulator port 52. A fourth optical transmission path 60 is in optical communication with second circulator port 54. A second optoelectronic device 62 is in optical communication with fourth optical transmission path 60. A fifth optical transmission path 64 is in optical communication with third circulator port 56.

Optoelectronic devices 48 and 62 can be a detector/filter, filter, laser amplifier or attenuator.

In one embodiment, multiplexer 10 is an add-add multiplexer where optoelectronic devices 48 and 62 are lasers 48 and 62. Laser 48 adds the signal λ_n+ι. Laser 62 adds the signal λ_n+2. Signals λι -λ_n, signal λ_n+ι and signal λ_n+2 are transmitted at fifth optical transmission path 64. Signals λ_n+ι and λ_n+2 do not have any particular pre-defined wavelength separation from λ\ to λ_n +. In this configuration wavelengths of arbitrary relationship to λ^ to λ_n can be flexibly added. In another embodiment, multiplexer 10 is an add-add multiplexer where optoelectronic devices 48 and 62 are laser 48 and detector/filter 62. Detector/filter 62 detects and passes the signal λ\ and reflects the signals λ2-λ_n and signal λ_n+ . Filter 62 can be substituted for the detector/filter. Filter 62 passes but does not detect the signal λ\ and reflects the signals λ2-λ_n and signal ^λn+l- Multiplexer 10 of Figure 10 can include any number of different combinations of optoelectronic devices to produce a multi-drop multiplexer with low cross-talk. Suitable combinations include but are not limited to detector/filter 48 and detector/filter 62, detector/filter 48 and filter 62, filter 48 and detector/filter 62 as well as filter 48 and filter 62. Referring now to Figure 11, a rejection filter 58 can be used with the multiplexer of Figure 10. Rejection filter 58 is coupled to third optical transmission path 26. In this embodiment, multiplexer 10 is an add-drop or a optical drop multiplexer, and optoelectronic device 48 can be a detector/filter or filter, and optoelectronic device 62 can be a detector/filter, filter or laser. In other embodiments, a de-multiplexer is provided. Referring now to

Figure 12, a de-multiplexer 110 includes an input fiber 112 carrying signals λι-λ_n. A first substrate 114 has a first mount surface 116. A first optoelectronic device 118 is positioned at first mount surface 116. First optoelectronic device 118 can be a detector/filter or a filter. A second optoelectronic device 120 is positioned to receive an output from first optoelectronic device 118. Second optoelectronic device 120 can be a detector/filter, a filter or a mirror.

In Figure 12, when optoelectronic device 118 is a detector/filter or filter, detector/filter 118 and filter 118 each pass a portion of signal λj, and reflect a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n. When optoelectronic device 120 is a detector/filter or filter, detector/filter 120 and filter 120 each pass the first residual λ\ signal, and reflect second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n.

When optoelectronic device 112 is a detector/filter or a filter, and optoelectronic device 120 is a mirror, mirror 120 reflects first residual λ} signal and signals λ2-λ_n back to detector/filter or filter 118 which then reflects the second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n back to input fiber 112. As illustrated in Figure 13, de-multiplexer 110 includes input fiber 112, first substrate 114 with surface 116, a second substrate 122 with surface 124, optoelectronic device 118 positioned at mount surface 116 and optoelectronic device 120 positioned at surface 124. Multiplexer 110 of Figure 13 can include a third optoelectronic device 126 positioned to receive an output from optoelectronic device 120. Optoelectronic device 126 is also a detector/filter or a filter.

Detector/filters 48, 62, 110, 118 and 126 detect a signal, pass a portion of that signal, create and transmit a residual signal and reflect all other signals. Filters 48, 62, 110, 118 and 126 pass a portion of a signal, create and transmit a residual signal and reflect all other signals.

As illustrated in Figure 14, surface 124 can be reflective. A suitable reflective surface 114 can be made by any flat band highly reflective mirror. In one embodiment, reflective surface is a silver glass structure with a level of reflectively that is preferably 95% or greater. Optoelectronic devices 118 and

120 are both positioned at surface 114. The output from optoelectronic device 118 is incident on reflective surface 114 which is then reflected to be incident on optoelectronic device 120. Optoelectronic device 126 can also included and positioned to receive the output from optoelectronic device 120 that is reflected from reflective surface 124. Preferably, optoelectronic devices 118, 120 and

124 are detector/filters or filters.

Another embodiment of a multiplexer 210 is illustrated in Figure 15. Included are an optical circulator 212 with at least first, second, and third circulator ports 214, 216 and 218 and a first optical transmission path 220 in optical communication with first circulator port 214. A laser 222 produces signal λ\ that is transmitted from first optical transmission path 220 to optical circulator 212. A second optical transmission path 224 is in optical communication with second circulator port 216. A laser 226 is coupled to second optical transmission path 224. Laser 226 is reflective of signal λ\ . Laser 226 need not be reflective if an optional reflective filter 228 is included.

Laser 226 adds signal λ2- Signals λ\ and λ2 are transmitted to optical circulator; 212. A third optical transmission path is in optical communication with third circulator port 218 and transmits signals λ\ and λ2- Optionally, optical circulator 212 can receive wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λ3-λ_n, from an optical input fiber 232. The signals λ3-λ_n are reflected by lasers 222 and 226, or filter 216 can be positioned along each optical transmission path 220 and 224, and optical circulator 212 transmits signals λ\, X and λ3-λ_n, as well as any signals received by the multiplexers and de-multiplexers of Figures 2-14. Multiplexer 210 can be coupled directly or indirectly to any of the multiplexers of Figures 2-14 and can be used as the multiplexer of Figure 1.

Another embodiment of a de-multiplexer 310 is illustrated in Figure 16. An optical circulator 312 includes at least a first, second, and third circulator ports 314, 316 and 318, respectively. An optical fiber with a first optical transmission path 320 is coupled to first circulator port 314 carries a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λι-λ_n, or any of the signals transmitted from the multiplexers and de-multiplexers of Figures 2-14. A second optical transmission path 322 is in optical communication with second circulator port 316. An optoelectronic device 324 is in optical communication with second optical transmission path 322. Preferably, optoelectronic device 324 is a detector/filter or a filter. A third optical transmission path is in optical communication with third circulator port 318. A second optoelectronic device is in optical communication with third optical transmission path 326. Preferably, optoelectronic devices 324 and 328 are detector/filters or filters. Detector/filters 324 and 328 detect a signal, pass a portion of that signal, create and transmit a residual signal and reflect all other signals. Filters 324 and 328 pass a portion of a signal, create and transmit a residual signal and reflect all other signals. De-multiplexer 310 can be coupled directly or indirectly to any of the multiplexers and de-multiplexers of Figures 2-14 and can be used as the DWDM sub-system of Figure 1. Each of the detector/filters, filters, lasers and bi-lateral amplifiers of

Figures 1-16 can be tunable, and in one embodiment be programmably tunable. Additionally, the optical fibers used with the DWDM assemblies, sub- assemblies and devices of the present invention can be metrowave fibers (MWF) disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,905,838, incorporated herein by reference. An illustrative specification table for a suitable metrowave fiber is presented:

MWF Specification Table

Attenuation at 1550 nm

<=0.25 dB/km Attenuation at 1310 nm <=0.50 dB/km Effective area at 1550 nm

>=42 microns Core eccentricity

Less than or equal to 0.8 mu m Cladding diameter 125 +- 2.0 microns

Cut-off wavelength

<1250 nm Zero-dispersion wavelength 1350 nm-1450 nm Dispersion at 1310 nm

-3.0 to -8 ps/nm-km Dispersion at 1550 nm +3.0 to +8 ps/nm-km Dispersion slope at 1550 nm 0.01-0.05 ps/nm sup 2 -km

Macrobendingloss at 1310 nm

<0.5 dB (1 turn, 32 mm) Macrobending loss at 1550 nm <0.05 dB (100 turns, 75 mm) Coating diameter 245 +- 10 microns

Proof test lOO kpsi Reel lengths 2.2, 4.4, 6.4, 8.8, 10.8, 12.6, 19.2 km.

EXAMPLE 1 A DWDM sub-system of the present invention is an eight-port optical circulator includes six detector/filters and is initially configured with three drop channels of two detector/filters each. It is later reconfigured programmably to include two drop channels each with three detector/filters. With the reconfiguration there is a reduction in cross-talk.

EXAMPLE 2 An adder includes an optical circulator coupled to first and second lasers. The first and second laser initially produce output signals λ\ and λ2-

The two lasers are then reconfigured programmably to produce signals λ3 and λ

EXAMPLE 3 A DWDM multiplexer includes an optical circulator coupled to nine lasers. The ninth laser is a backup and can be substituted for one of the first eight lasers when one is down. The wavelength relationships are flexible relative to the ports and can altered at any time.

The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: an optical circulator including at least a first, second, third and fourth circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator and carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λj-λ_n and at least one signal λ\ to be dropped by the multiplexer; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port; a first detector/filter coupled to the second optical transmission path, the first detector/filter detecting the λj signal and passing a portion of the λ\ signal, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2~λ_n to the optical circulator; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmitting the signals λ2-λ_n received from the optical circulator; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the fourth optical circulator port, the fourth optical transmission path being positioned after the second optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a first optoelectronic device coupled to the fourth optical transmission path.

2. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is selected from a detector/filter, a filter and a laser.

3. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter that detects the first residual λ\ signal, passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

4. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first filter that passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

5. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the first residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back the λ\ signal.

6. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the first residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds a λ_n+ι signal.

7. The multiplexer of claim 3, further comprising: a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a second optoelectronic device coupled to the fifth optical transmission path.

8. The multiplexer of claim 7, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a third detector/filter that detects the second residual λ\ signal, passes the second residual λ\ signal and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

9. The multiplexer of claim 7, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first filter that passes the second residual λ\ signal and reflects a third residual λj signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

10. The multiplexer of claim 7, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back the λ\ signal.

1 1. The multiplexer of claim 7 , wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds a λ_n+ι signal.

12. The multiplexer of claim 4, further comprising: a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a second optoelectronic device coupled to the fifth optical transmission path.

13. The multiplexer of claim 12, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter that detects the second residual λ\ signal, passes the second residual λ^ signal and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

14. The multiplexer of claim 12, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter that passes the second residual λ\ signal and reflects a third residual λ^ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

15. The multiplexer of claim 12, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back the λj signal.

16. The multiplexer of claim 12, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds a signal λ_n- j .

17. The multiplexer of claim 6, further comprising: a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a second optoelectronic device coupled to the fifth optical transmission path.

18. The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter that detects the first residual λ\ signal, passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and the signal λ_n+\.

19. The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first filter that passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and the signal λ_n+\.

20. The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second laser that reflects the first residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n, the signal λ_n+ι and adds a signal λ_n+2.

21. The multiplexer of claim 8, further comprising: a sixth optical transmission path in optical communication with a sixth optical circulator port, the sixth optical transmission path being positioned after the fifth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path: and a first laser coupled to the sixth optical transmission path, wherein the first laser reflects the third residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back the signal λ\.

22. The multiplexer of claim 8, further comprising: a sixth optical transmission path in optical communication with a sixth optical circulator port, the sixth optical transmission path being positioned after the fifth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a first laser coupled to the sixth optical transmission path, wherein the first laser reflects the third residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and adds a signal λ_n+ι.

23. The multiplexer of claim 14, further comprising: a sixth optical transmission path in optical communication with a sixth optical circulator port, the sixth optical transmission path being positioned after the fifth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a first laser coupled to the sixth optical transmission path, wherein the first laser reflects the third residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back the signal λ\.

24. The multiplexer of claim 14, further comprising: a sixth optical transmission path in optical communication with a sixth optical circulator port, the sixth optical transmission path being positioned after the fifth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a first laser coupled to the sixth optical transmission path, wherein the first laser reflects the third residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back a signal λ\+\.

25. The multiplexer of claim 2 , wherein the detector/filter, filter, and laser are each tunable.

26. The multiplexer of claim 25, wherein the detector/filter, filter, and laser are each programmably tunable.

27. The multiplexer of claim 1, further comprising: a bi-directional optical amplifier coupled to the second optical transmission path positioned between first detector/filter and the optical circulator.

28. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first detector/filter is an integral detector and filter device.

29. The multiplexer of claim 1 , wherein the first detector/filter includes a non-integral detector and a filter.

30. The multiplexer of claim 1, wherein the λ\ signal is any wavelength of the signals λj-λ_n.

31. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: an optical circulator including at least a first, second, third and fourth circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator and carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λi -λ_n and at least one signal λj to be dropped by the multiplexer; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port; a first filter coupled to the second optical transmission path, the first filter passing a portion of the λ\ signal, and reflecting a first residual λ] signal and the signals λ2~λ_n to the optical circulator; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmitting the signals λ2-λ_n received from the optical circulator; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the fourth optical circulator port, the fourth optical transmission path being positioned after the second optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a first optoelectronic device coupled to the fourth optical transmission path.

32. The multiplexer of claim 31 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is selected from a detector/filter, filter and a laser.

33. The multiplexer of claim 31 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a second filter that passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

34. The multiplexer of claim 31 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter that detects and passes the first residual λ\ signal and reflects a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

35. The multiplexer of claim 31 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the first residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds back the signal λ\ .

36. The multiplexer of claim 31 , wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the first residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n and adds a signal λ_n-|-] .

37. The multiplexer of claim 33 , further comprising : a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a second optoelectronic device coupled to the fifth optical transmission path.

38. The multiplexer of claim 37, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter that detects and passes the second residual λ\ signal, and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

39. The multiplexer of claim 37, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a third filter that passes the second residual λ\ signal, and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

40. The multiplexer of claim 37, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n, and adds back the signal λ\ .

41. The multiplexer of claim 37, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ^ signal and the signals λ2~λ_n, and adds a signal λ_n+\.

42. The multiplexer of claim 34, further comprising: a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a second optoelectronic device coupled to the fifth optical transmission path.

43. The multiplexer of claim 42, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter that detects and passes the second residual λ\ signal, and reflects a third residual λ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

44. The multiplexer of claim 42, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter that passes the second residual λ\ signal, and reflects a third residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2~λ_n.

45. The multiplexer of claim 42, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ^ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n, and adds back the signal λ\ .

46. The multiplexer of claim 42, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first laser that reflects the second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n, and adds a signal λ_n+\.

47. The multiplexer of claim 36, further comprising: a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a second optoelectronic device coupled to the fifth optical transmission path.

48. The multiplexer of claim 47, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter that detects and passes the first residual λ\ signal, and reflects a second residual λ} signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and the signal λ_n+ι .

49. The multiplexer of claim 47, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter that passes the first residual λj signal, and reflects a second residual λ\ signal, the signals λ2-λ_n and the signal λ_n+\.

50. The multiplexer of claim 47, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second laser that reflects the signals λ2-λ_n, the signal λ_n+\ and adds a signal λ_n+2.

51. The multiplexer of claim 31 , wherein the detector/filter, filter, and laser are each tunable.

52. The multiplexer of claims 51 , wherein the detector/filter, filter, and laser are each programmably tunable.

53. The multiplexer of claim 31 , further comprising : a bi-directional optical amplifier coupled to the second optical transmission path positioned between first filter and the optical circulator.

54. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: an optical circulator including at least a first, second, third and fourth circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator and carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λi -λ_n ; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port; a first laser coupled to the second optical transmission path, the first laser reflecting the signals λi -λ_n and adding a signal λ_n+\ ; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmitting the signals λι-λ_n and the signals λ_n+\ received from the optical circulator; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the fourth optical circulator port, the fourth optical transmission path being positioned after the second optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a first optoelectronic device coupled to the fourth optical transmission path.

55. The multiplexer of claim 54, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a second laser, the second laser reflecting the signals λ\-λ_n and the λ_n+ι signal and adding a signal λ_n+2, the third optical transmission path transmitting the signals ^-λ_n the λ_n+\ signal and the signal λ_n+2,

56. The multiplexer of claim 55, further comprising: a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with a fifth optical circulator port, the fifth optical transmission path being positioned after the fourth optical transmission path and before the third optical transmission path; and a third laser coupled to the fifth optical transmission path, the third laser reflecting the signals λ\-λ_n, signal λ_n+\, and signal _n+2, and adding a signal λ_n+3, the third optical transmission path transmitting the signals λj-λ_n, the signals λ_n+ι, the λ_n+\ signal and the signal λ_n+2-

57. The multiplexer of claim 54, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a detector/filter, the detector/filter detecting and dropping a signal λ\ and transmitting signals 2-λ_n and the signal λ_n+ι .

58. The multiplexer of claim 56, wherein the first, second and third lasers are each tunable.

59. The multiplexer of claim 56, wherein the first, second and third lasers are each programmably tunable.

60. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: a first optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the first optical circulator, the optical fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λ ι-λ_n; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the first optical circulator; a first optoelectronic device in optical communication with the second optical transmission path; a second optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the first optical circulator and the first circulator port of the second optical circulator; a rejection filter coupled to the third optical transmission path, the rejection filter dropping a signal λ\ ; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the second optical circulator; a second optoelectronic device in optical communication with the fourth optical transmission path; and a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the second optical circulator.

61. The multiplexer of claim 60, wherein the first optoelectronic device is selected from a filter, a detector/filter and a laser.

62. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: a first optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the first optical circulator, the optical fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λ\-λ_n; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the first optical circulator; a first laser in optical communication with the second optical transmission path, the first laser adding a signal λ_n+\; a second optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the first optical circulator and the first circulator port of the second optical circulator; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the second optical circulator; a second optoelectronic device in optical communication with the fourth optical transmission path; and a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the second optical circulator.

63. The multiplexer of claim 56, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a second laser adding a signal λ_n+2-

64. The multiplexer of claim 62, herein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter that detects and passes the signal λ\ and reflects the signals λ2-λ_n and signal λ_n-ι-} and signal λ_n+2-

65. The multiplexer of claim 62, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first filter that passes the signal λ\ and reflects the signals 2-λ_n and signal λ_n+ι.

66. The multiplexer of claim 60, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a detector/filter detecting a signal λ\ and passing a portion of the signal λ\, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n, wherein the rejection filter passes the first residual λ] signal.

67. The multiplexer of claim 60, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a filter that passes a portion of the signal λi , and reflects a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n, wherein the rejection filter passes the first residual λ\ signal.

68. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: a first optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the first optical circulator, the optical fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λi -λ_n; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the first optical circulator; a first detector/filter in optical communication with the second optical transmission path, the first detector/filter detecting a signal λ\ and passing a portion of the signal λi , and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals 2-λ_n; a second optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the first optical circulator and the first circulator port of the second optical circulator; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the second optical circulator; a second optoelectronic device in optical communication with the fourth optical transmission path, the second optoelectronic device selected from a second detector/filter and a filter; and a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the second optical circulator.

69. The multiplexer of claim 68, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter, the second detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

70. The multiplexer of claim 68, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing the first residual λ\ signal and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2-λ_n.

71. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: a first optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the first optical circulator, the optical fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λι-λ_n; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the first optical circulator; a first filter in optical communication with the second optical transmission path, the first filter passing a portion of a signal λi , and reflecting a first residual λ_j signal and signals 2-λ_n; a second optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the first optical circulator and the first circulator port of the second optical circulator; a fourth optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port of the second optical circulator; a second optoelectronic device in optical communication with the fourth optical transmission path, the second optoelectronic device selected from a second detector/filter and a filter; and a fifth optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port of the second optical circulator.

72. The multiplexer of claim 71, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and the signals ^λ2-^λn ^■

73. The multiplexer of claim 71, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter, the second filter passing the first residual λ\ signal and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and the signals λ2- _n.

74. The multiplexer of claim 61 , wherein the detector/filter, filter and laser are each tunable.

75. The multiplexer of claim 74, wherein the detector/filter, filter and laser are each programmably tunable.

76. A de-multiplexer, comprising: an input fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λj-λ_n; a first substrate with a first mount surface; a first optoelectronic device positioned at the first mount surface, the first optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter; and a second optoelectronic device positioned to receive an output from the first optoelectronic device, the second optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter, a filter and a mirror.

77. The de-multiplexer of claim 76, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing a portion of a signal λi , and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2-λ_n .

78. The de-multiplexer of claim 77, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter, the second detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals 2- _n .

79. The de-multiplexer of claim 77, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals 2-λ_n.

80. The de-multiplexer of claim 77, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first mirror that reflects the first residual λ\ signal and signals 2- _n back to the first detector/filter which then reflects the second residual λ\ signal and signals 2- _n back to the input fiber.

81. The de-multiplexer of claim 76, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing a portion of a signal λ\, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n.

82. The de-multiplexer of claim 81, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2 -λ_n .

83. The de-multiplexer of claim 81, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter, the second filter passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ] signal and signals 2-λ_n.

84. The de-multiplexer of claim 81, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first mirror that reflects the second residual λ signal and signals λ2- λ_n back to the first filter which then reflects the first residual λ\ signal and signals 2- _n back to the input fiber.

85. A de-multiplexer, comprising: an input fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λι -λ_n; a first substrate with a first mount surface a second substrate with a first mount surface; a first optoelectronic device positioned at the first mount surface of the first substrate, the first optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter; and a second optoelectronic device positioned at the first mount surface of the second substrate to receive an output from the first optoelectronic device, the second optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter.

86. The de-multiplexer of claim 85, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing a portion of a signal λ\, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n .

87. The de-multiplexer of claim 86, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter, the second detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n.

88. The de-multiplexer of claim 86, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n.

89. The de-multiplexer of claim 85, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing a portion of a signal λi , and reflecting a first residual λi signal and signals 2- _n.

90. The de-multiplexer of claim 89, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2

-V

91. The de-multiplexer of claim 89, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter, the second filter passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals 2-λ_n.

92. The de-multiplexer of claim 85, further comprising: a third optoelectronic device positioned to receive an output from the second optoelectronic device, the third optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter.

93. A de-multiplexer, comprising: an input fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λj-λ_n; a first substrate with a first mount surface a second substrate with a reflective surface; a first optoelectronic device positioned at the first mount surface of the first substrate and producing an output that is incident on the reflective surface, the first optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter; and a second optoelectronic device positioned at the first mount surface of the first substrate to receive the output of the first optoelectronic device from the reflective surface, the second optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter.

94. The de-multiplexer of claim 93, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing a portion of a signal λi , and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2~λ_n .

95. The de-multiplexer of claim 94, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter, the second detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals 2- _n.

96. The de-multiplexer of claim 93, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing a portion of a signal λ\ , and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals 2-λ_n.

97. The de-multiplexer of claim 96, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2 -

98. The de-multiplexer of claim 96, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter, the second filter passing the first residual λ\ signal, and reflecting a second residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n.

99. The de-multiplexer of claim 95, wherein the second optoelectronic device has an output that is incident on the reflective surface, the reflective surface reflecting the output of the second optoelectronic device to be incident on a third optoelectronic device, wherein the third optoelectronic device is selected from a detector/filter, filter and mirror.

100. A de-multiplexer, comprising : an input fiber carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λ\-λ_n; a first optoelectronic device positioned to receive the multiplex optical signal, the first optoelectronic device selected from a detector/filter and a filter.

101. The de-multiplexer of claim 100, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first detector filter, the first detector/filter detecting and passing a portion of a signal λi , and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n .

102. The de-multiplexer of claim 100, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing a portion of a signal λ \ , and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals 2- _n.

103. A multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: an optical circulator including at least a first, second, and third circulator ports; a first optical transmission path in optical communication with the first circulator port; a laser producing a signal λ\ that is transmitted from the first optical transmission path to the optical circulator; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port; a second laser coupled to the second optical transmission path, the second laser adding a signal 2 that is transmitted to the optical circulator; a first filter coupled to the second optical transmission path and reflecting the signal λ\ and the signal λ2; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmitting the signals λ\ and λ2-

104. The multiplexer of claim 103 , wherein the first filter and the second laser form an integral device, and the first laser reflects the signal λ\ and adds the signal λ2-

105. The multiplexer of claim 104, wherein the optical circulator receives a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals 3-λ_n , the first and second lasers reflecting the signals λ3-λ_n, and the optical circulator transmitting the signals λ\, λ2 and 3-λ_n.

106. A de-multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system, comprising: an optical circulator including at least a first, second, and third circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator and carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λj-λ_n, and at least one signal λi to be dropped by the de-multiplexer; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port; a first optoelectronic device in optical communication with the second optical transmission path, wherein the first optoelectronic device is selected from a detector/filter and a filter; a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port; and a second optoelectronic device in optical communication with the third optical transmission path, wherein the second optoelectronic device is selected from a detector/filter and a filter.

107. The de-multiplexer of claim 106, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first detector/filter, the first detector/filter detecting the signal λ^ signal and passing a portion of the signal λ\ signal, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals 2-λ_n to the optical circulator.

108. The de-multiplexer of claim 107, wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second detector/filter that detects the first residual λ\ signal and passes the first residual λ\ signal and the signals 2- _n.

109. The de-multiplexer of claim 106, wherein the first optoelectronic device is a first filter, the first filter passing a portion of the signal λ\ signal, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n to the optical circulator.

110. The de-multiplexer of claim 108 , wherein the second optoelectronic device is a second filter that passes the first residual λ\ signal and the signals 2- _n.

111. A multiplexer, comprising: an optical circulator including at least a first, second and third circulator ports; an optical fiber with a first optical transmission path coupled to the first circulator port of the optical circulator and carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal including signals λι -λ_n and at least one signal λ\ to be dropped by the multiplexer; a second optical transmission path in optical communication with the second circulator port; a first filter coupled to the second optical transmission path, the first filter passing a portion of the λ\ signal, and reflecting a first residual λ\ signal and signals λ2- _n to the optical circulator; and a third optical transmission path in optical communication with the third circulator port and transmitting the signals 2- _n received from the optical circulator.