WO2000046979A9 - Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatus - Google Patents
Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000046979A9 WO2000046979A9 PCT/US2000/000516 US0000516W WO0046979A9 WO 2000046979 A9 WO2000046979 A9 WO 2000046979A9 US 0000516 W US0000516 W US 0000516W WO 0046979 A9 WO0046979 A9 WO 0046979A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fiber optic
- optic cables
- disposed
- ccd array
- scanner assembly
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
- H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation
Definitions
- CCD ARRAY AS A MULTIPLE-DETECTOR IN AN OPTICAL IMAGING APPARATUS
- the present invention relates to optical imaging apparatus and more particularly to imaging devices that use a charge-coupled device (CCD).
- CCD charge-coupled device
- Charge-coupled devices can be individual devices or, more commonly, individuals cells or pixels arranged in an array, either as a linear array or as a X-Y matrix. With a suitable optical lens, the CCD is commonly used as a sensor for video cameras.
- the CCD usually has a spectral response in the visible region, 400-700nm, and typically extends into the near infrared region, 700-llOOnm.
- Conventional usage primarily focuses on using the CCD as the sensing element of a video camera that produces an electronic image of a field of view.
- the interval between refreshing the CCD array and sampling the accumulated charge is sometimes referred to as the integration interval.
- the integration interval is the result of the vertical frame rate, typically 50 or 60 times per second for an integration interval of 20 and 16.7 milliseconds (ms) respectively.
- the level of light that is available is extremely low.
- PMT photomultiplier tubes
- MCP micro channel plates
- a photosensitive cathode releases electrons when photons impinge upon it, i.e., photoemission.
- the positive bias applied to the elements of a PMT the dynodes, attract the negative charge electrons, e " , emitted by the photocathode .
- the avalanche causes an amplification of the single photon striking the photocathode.
- a 12-stage photomultiplier typically has an amplification of approximately 17 million.
- a single photon results in the release of approximately 17 millions electrons.
- the pulse has a time duration of approximately 5 nanoseconds resulting in a peak current flow of approximately 1 milliampere .
- the micro channel plate amplifies the single photon event in a similar manner.
- Very small diameter holes are fabricated into a plate and then coated with a conductive material. The effect is similar to a PMT. Electrons enter the holes and dislodge other electrons which in turn dislodge even more electrons. The net result is that a single electron initiates an avalanche of electrons and signal amplification occurs. When used alone or in cascade, signal gains of 10 4 to 10 7 are achieved with temporal resolution of approximately 100 picoseconds. Spatial resolution is limited by the channel spacing, typically 9 ⁇ m-diameter channels on lO ⁇ m centers. Resolution of this type of design is approximately 16 line pairs/mm.
- the anode side of the MCP is coated onto the inside of a glass envelope and is made of a photoemissive material. When the accelerated photons impinge on the coating a flash of light is given off.
- the CCD element is coupled to the anode end of the MCP and light flashes are directed to the pixels in the CCD array.
- a signal as small as a single photon can result in a detectable event.
- two MCP ' s are cascaded to more than double the sensitivity of the CCD system.
- the CCD array is fabricated with parallel conducting strips in one direction and p + channel stops at right angles. Electron-hole pairs are created when light is incident on the p-type silicon.
- the charges, representing picture-element signals are stored in potential wells under depletion-biased electrodes, i.e., the picture elements (pixels) in the array.
- the charges are transferred by applying a positive pulse to the adjacent electrodes.
- the whole image is transferred to a storage raster. Each horizontal line is read out of the storage raster in sequence to provide an output signal . It is possible to read the signal from individual pixels, and this is desirable under certain circumstance.
- the rate at which the data is read out from a CCD array has important ramifications. If the CCD is not read for a long length of time and the incident light is very weak, the stored charge will increase over time and a usable image can result . While an array of PMT's could be fabricated to emulate the detection capabilities of an intensified CCD, there are physical considerations that make this approach unattractive.
- One advantage of an intensified CCD is the small size required for the detector area. A large number of pixels can be fitted into an area less than one-square centimeter.
- the present invention describes an apparatus and method for using a single CCD array as a detector for one single photonic event as seen by a single input fiber optic cable or significantly more than one photonic event can be monitored by the array.
- the present invention provides a scanner assembly for a laser imaging apparatus, comprising a plurality of collimators disposed in an arc around an opening in which an object to be scanned is disposed; a plurality of fiber optic cables, each being associated with a respective collimator; and a CCD array disposed at the other ends of the fiber optic cables to detect light picked up by the collimators and transmitted by the fiber optic cables.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a detector assembly in accordance with the present invention, showing a CCD array with a N x N matrix of pixels, a focusing lens, an optical filter, a manifold for holding the fiber optic bundle and a bundle of fiber optic cables.
- Figure 2 is schematic perspective view of a CCD array showing a portion being illuminated by a ray of light.
- Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of a CCD camera including an electronic circuit to control and read a CCD array.
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of a data acquisition system using one or more fiber optic cables to couple light collected by individual collimators positioned as an array encircling a breast in an optical scanning application.
- Figure 5 is an arrangement of the ends of the fiber optic cables at the CCD array.
- FIG. 1 An assembly R for using a CCD array 2 as a photodetector in a computed tomography laser mammography apparatus is disclosed in Figure 1.
- Light collected from a scanning chamber is transmitted by a plurality of fiber optic cables 4 held together by a suitable manifold 6 to position the fiber optic cables 4 in a specific pattern in front of the CCD array 2.
- the manifold 6 is a support comprising a matrix of holes 7 each adapted to receive and support therein a fiber optic cable 4.
- Light rays 9 emitting from the ends of the fiber optic cables 4 are directed to the CCD array 2.
- Optical filters 8 may be used to selectively tune the wavelengths transmitted by the optic fibers before they impinge on the CCD array 2.
- a single filter 8 can be used for the whole set of bundle of fiber optic cables instead of a single filter for each fiber.
- the filter 8 may be a bandpass filter to pass only the desired range of wavelengths.
- the filter 8 may also be a cutoff filter to pass only the desired range of wavelengths greater or less than a cutoff wavelength.
- the filter 8 is used in fluorescence imaging, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,952,664.
- a lens 10 may be used to focus the light from the optic fibers onto the CCD array 2.
- the lens 10 may be eliminated where the fiber bundle is placed very close to or in contact with a micro channel plate (MCP) 12 used in conjunction with the CCD array 2.
- MCP micro channel plate
- a standard CCD camera 15 used in the present invention is disclosed in Fig. 3.
- Incoming light 16 transmitted by the fiber optic cables 4 is directed to an optic lens 18 that distributes the incoming light unto the CCD array 2.
- a shutter 20 can be used to control the light radiating on the CCD array 2.
- a window seal 22 provides a light-tight enclosure.
- a camera control logic and power supply 24 is used to control the CCD array 2.
- DC voltage 26, serial clock drive signals 28 and parallel clock drive signals 30 are connected to the CCD array 2.
- a low noise preamplifier 32 is used to amplify the CCD pixel signals.
- An analog processing and analog-to-digital conversion is provided by block 34.
- Pixel output data 36 is coupled to a computer interface circuit 38, which is a high precision video frame grabber, such as that available from La Vision Gmbh, Goettingen, Germany, Pico Star High Resolution - Product Imager.
- the camera control logic and power supply 24 provides a camera status signal 40.
- the computer interface circuit 38 provides camera commands 42.
- the circuit 38 provides the interface between a computer 44 and the CCD array 2.
- the computer 44 is used to manipulate the CCD information to create an image of the breast as seen by the CCD array.
- the computer 44 can also extract information from only selected pixels within the CCD array.
- the CCD array 2 is cooled by a thermo-electric cooler 46 or other suitable coolers.
- a charge intensified device (CID) or ceramic metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) array, cooled or intensified, may be used in lieu of the CCD array.
- CCD charge intensified device
- CMOS ceramic metal oxide semiconductor
- a laser scanner 52 comprises a source of laser beam 54 for impinging on the breast.
- Light exiting from the breast is picked up by the collimators 56 directed to the areas of the breast from which light is exiting.
- the collimators are disposed in an arc around the breast and supported by a structure 57 rotatable 360 degrees about an axis centered on the opening 50 center.
- the fiber optic cables are identical in length and provide enough slack to allow the rotation of the structure 57.
- Each collimator is coupled to a fiber optic cable.
- the scanner including the collimators 56 and the laser beam 54, is rotated as a unit around the breast in steps through several equal angular displacements until a complete circle is traversed.
- the collimators pick up any light exiting from the breast and couple the light to the respective fiber optic cables.
- the group of fiber optic cables 4 is held by the manifold 6.
- the fiber optic cables 4 direct the light unto the micro channel plate 12 of a CCD array 2 forming the input to the MCP CCD camera 15.
- the computer 44 processes the light detected by the camera to generate an image of the breast .
- the fiber optic cables 4 are arranged in the manifold 6 such that adjacent fiber ends at the collimators are not adjacent at the other end at the CCD array. This arrangement is designed to provide minimum cross-talk between the fibers.
- collimator 56 is designated as detector 1 and collimator 60 is detector 84
- Fig. 5 an example of an arrangement of the ends of fiber optic cables at the CCD array is disclosed in Fig. 5. Note that adjacent fibers at the collimator end are not adjacent at the manifold 6.
- Use of collimators in a laser imaging apparatus is described in application serial no. 08/963,760, filed November 4, 1997, hereby incorporated by reference.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00909894A EP1157537A4 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-02-04 | Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatus |
JP2000597944A JP2003520345A (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-02-04 | CCD array as multiple detector in optical imaging device |
AU32079/00A AU3207900A (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-02-04 | Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatus |
CA002360129A CA2360129A1 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-02-04 | Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatus |
HK02103695.0A HK1043270A1 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2002-05-16 | Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11874599P | 1999-02-05 | 1999-02-05 | |
US60/118,745 | 1999-02-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000046979A2 WO2000046979A2 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
WO2000046979A3 WO2000046979A3 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
WO2000046979A9 true WO2000046979A9 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
Family
ID=22380491
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/000516 WO2000046979A2 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-02-04 | Ccd array as a multiple-detector in an optical imaging apparatus |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1157537A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003520345A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1362868A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3207900A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2360129A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1043270A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000046979A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2003203069A1 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2004-08-13 | Art, Advanced Research Technologies, Inc. | Simultaneous acquisition of different time-gates in tpsf-based optical imaging |
US8416415B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2013-04-09 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine optical imaging system |
KR102651578B1 (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2024-03-25 | 매직 립, 인코포레이티드 | Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods |
CN105973839B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2019-04-02 | 江苏大学 | A kind of EO-1 hyperion batch-type quality of agricultural and poultry products lossless detection method and system |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4767928A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1988-08-30 | Nelson Robert S | High resolution breast imaging device utilizing non-ionizing radiation of narrow spectral bandwidth |
EP0466490B1 (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1996-06-05 | De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited | Fibre optic interrogation system |
US5436655A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1995-07-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope apparatus for three dimensional measurement for scanning spot light to execute three dimensional measurement |
EP0614645A4 (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1996-04-03 | Hitachi Ltd | Optical ct apparatus. |
US5749830A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1998-05-12 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Fluorescent endoscope apparatus |
DE69533469T2 (en) * | 1994-12-26 | 2005-09-22 | Sysmex Corp. | flow cytometer |
US5952664A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-09-14 | Imaging Diagnostic Systems, Inc. | Laser imaging apparatus using biomedical markers that bind to cancer cells |
JPH10276369A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-10-13 | Nec Corp | Optical image acquisition system and optical image acquisition method |
US5986271A (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-11-16 | Lazarev; Victor | Fluorescence imaging system |
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 CN CN00805682A patent/CN1362868A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-04 AU AU32079/00A patent/AU3207900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-04 JP JP2000597944A patent/JP2003520345A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-04 WO PCT/US2000/000516 patent/WO2000046979A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-04 CA CA002360129A patent/CA2360129A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-04 EP EP00909894A patent/EP1157537A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-05-16 HK HK02103695.0A patent/HK1043270A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000046979A2 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
CA2360129A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
EP1157537A2 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
CN1362868A (en) | 2002-08-07 |
HK1043270A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
WO2000046979A3 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
JP2003520345A (en) | 2003-07-02 |
AU3207900A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
EP1157537A4 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
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