WO2000039388A1 - Materiau fibreux extremement resistant morphologie stable - Google Patents

Materiau fibreux extremement resistant morphologie stable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000039388A1
WO2000039388A1 PCT/US1999/031218 US9931218W WO0039388A1 WO 2000039388 A1 WO2000039388 A1 WO 2000039388A1 US 9931218 W US9931218 W US 9931218W WO 0039388 A1 WO0039388 A1 WO 0039388A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
permanent
morphology
fibers
steam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/031218
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sheng-Hsin Hu
Original Assignee
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/448,162 external-priority patent/US6413362B1/en
Application filed by Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. filed Critical Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority to GB0116464A priority Critical patent/GB2361482B/en
Priority to AU25962/00A priority patent/AU2596200A/en
Priority to BR9916563-5A priority patent/BR9916563A/pt
Priority to DE19983882T priority patent/DE19983882B4/de
Publication of WO2000039388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000039388A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D21H15/04—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration crimped, kinked, curled or twisted fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
    • D21B1/36—Explosive disintegration by sudden pressure reduction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
    • D21C9/007—Modification of pulp properties by mechanical or physical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to fibrous materials and more specifically to fibrous materials made from wood products
  • the invention further relates to a blend of materials composed of Fiberized fibers and refined fibers exhibiting both high bulk and high strength
  • the invention further relates to processes that permanently change fiber morphology of a Fiberized wood fiber resulting in unchanging high bulk, maximized surface area, low density wood fiber products Such properties arise from the permanent nature of the kink, twist, curl, crimp or other curvilinear deformations formed into the fiber
  • the blended fibers of the invention can be used in tissue, distribution layers, filter papers, and other applications where high bulk, high surface area, low density arising from the fiber morphology can be beneficially used
  • U S Patent No 2,516,847 to Boehm is directed to a means of sizing the exploded fibers Mitscherling
  • U S Patent No 1 ,793,71 1 teaches use of a vacuum source to remove volatile resins prior to the pressu ⁇ zation and explosive decompression steps Birdseye
  • U S Patent No 2,71 1 ,369 refines the explosive decompression treatment by adding a series of explosive steps Apparently this serves to more evenly disintegrate the fibers This series of explosive steps permits the use of lower pressures and temperatures
  • Mamers, et al , U S Patent No 4,163,687 is directed to a uniquely designed nozzle for assisting the liberation of fibers from cellulosic material during explosive defibration
  • the nozzle has a plurality of internal bars which form a tortuous path through which material must pass O'Connor
  • U S Patent No 3,707,436 discloses using ammonia instead of steam Apparently compounds such as ammonia are effective at swelling and plasticizing wood Morgan
  • U S Patent No 2,234,188 is directed to production of light-colored cellulosic fiber This is accomplished by first treating the chips or other small pieces of wood with an alkaline sulphite of alkaline metal such as sodium sulphite or potassium sulphite
  • U S Patent No 4,488,932 to Robert J Eber et al discloses improved bulk and softness produced by using fiberized fibers
  • the curls and kinks relax significantly during the wet-forming process
  • the patent described the foam- forming process to make tissue
  • the fiberized fibers are dispersed in an aqueous foam which minimizes water absorption and, consequently, the reversal of the treated fibers to their original form
  • U S Patent No 5,102,501 also to Robert J Eber et al discloses improving bulk and softness by depositing the fiberized fibers on the forming wire and dewatered in a period of time sufficiently shorter so that the fiberized fibers preserve their bulk-enhancing characteristics
  • Another aspect of the invention is a process for the production of a fiber having a permanently modified fiber morphology
  • the process includes (a) subjecting a papermaking fiber to hammermilling without substantial fiber breakage resulting in a fiber with a curvilinear structure having a curl index of at least 0 2,
  • Another aspect of the invention is an improved fiber material having increased bulk, which includes a blend of fibers having a permanent fiber morphology with a curl index of at least 0 2
  • This modified fiber is the product of the process of first mechanically deforming a papermaking wood fiber and subjecting the resulting fiber to steam at super atmospheric temperature and pressure to obtain the permanent fiber morphology
  • This modified fiber is blended with a refined papermaking wood fiber
  • This improved fiber material has a bulk greater than 3 0 cm 3 /g
  • the fiber material can form sheets with high bulk and high strength This fiber material could be used in tissue, towel or saturation paper basesheets In addition, this material could be used as wicking distribution material
  • the invention is further directed to a fiber material which is created from a blend of Fiberized and refined fibers
  • Figure 1 is a graph of tensile index verses bulk Three lines are charted on the graph One line is the control (untreated) data Another line is the steam exploded data A final line is the Fibe ⁇ zed/steam explosion data
  • Figure 2 is titled curl performance and graphs curl index verses repulping time Three sets of data is charted on the graph One set is the Fiberized data One set is the steam exploded data A final set is Fiberized/steam exploded data
  • a process for the production of a fiber having a permanently modified fiber morphology includes (a) subjecting a papermaking fiber to mechanical deformation without substantial fiber breakage resulting in the fiber having a transient fiber morphology having a curl index of at least 0 15,
  • modified cellulosic fibers exhibiting desired properties may be prepared by an efficient and effective process
  • cellulosic fibers include, but are not limited to, wood and wood products, such as wood pulp fibers, non-woody paper-making fibers from cotton, from straws and grasses, such as rice and esparto, from canes and reeds, such as bagasse, from bamboos, from stalks with bast fibers, such as jute, flax, kenaf, cannabis, linen and ramie, and from leaf fibers, such as abaca and sisal It is also possible to use mixtures of one or more cellulosic fibers Suitably, the cellulosic fiber used is from a wood source Suitable wood sources include softwood sources such as pines, spruces, and firs, and hardwood sources such as oaks, eucalyptuses, poplars, beeches, and aspens
  • fiber or “fibrous” is meant to refer to a particulate material wherein the length to diameter ratio of such particulate material is greater than about 10
  • nonfiber or “nonfibrous” material is meant to refer to a particulate material wherein the length to diameter ratio of such particulate material is about 10 or less or more nearly 2 or less
  • the cellulosic fibers be used in a form wherein the cellulosic fibers have already been refined into a pulp
  • the cellulosic fibers will be substantially in the form of individual cellulosic fibers although such individual cellulosic fibers may be in an aggregate form such as a pulp sheet
  • the current process is in contrast to known steam explosion processes that generally treat cellulosic fibers that are typically in the form of virgin wood chips or the like
  • the current process is a post- pulping, cellulosic fiber modifying process as compared to known steam explosion processes that are generally used for high-yield pulp manufacturing or waste-recycle processes
  • the cellulosic fibers used in the steam explosion process are desirably low yield cellulosic fibers
  • "low yield" cellulosic fibers are those cellulosic fibers produced by pulping processes beneficially providing a yield of about 85 percent or less, suitably of about 80 percent or less, and more
  • the term "permanent fiber morphology” is defined as a fiber characteristic which remains after the fiber has been repulped for up to 300 minutes and preferrably between 150 and 300 minutes
  • the term “transient or temporary fiber morphology” is defined as a fiber characteristic which does not remain after the fiber has been repulped for up to 150 minutes
  • the fibers can be mechanically deformed to achieve a temporary curl morphology This mechanical deformation should not cause substantial fiber breakage
  • Various refining and hammermilling methods known in the art can be used to provide temporary curl morphology
  • the preferred means for mechanically deforming the fiber is the hammermill
  • the fiber enters the hammermill with an equilibrium moisture content of 15% by weight
  • the fiber exists the hammermill with an equilibrium moisture content of 1- 5% by weight
  • the hammermill operates at a temperature range usually between 50 °C to 100 °C
  • the temporary curl morphology created by the hammermill is primarily caused by shearing forces upon the fibers as they pass between the anvil and the rotating hammer
  • the average residence time of the fibers in the hammermill is generally less than a second Following mechanical deformation the fiber displays a curl index that is generally greater than 0 15 and usually greater than 0 2
  • the fiber's temporary curl morphology is enhanced and made permanent by the subsequent steam explosion treatment
  • the fibers are subjected to a steam explosion treatment
  • the use of steam explosion alone can be sufficient to effectively modify cellulosic fibers such that the modified cellulosic fibers exhibit desired properties, particularly desired liquid absorbency properties
  • the cellulosic fibers are cooked in a saturated steam environment that is substantially free of air
  • the presence of air in the pressurized cooking environment may result in the oxidation of the cellulosic fibers
  • the cellulosic fibers are cooked in a saturated steam environment that beneficially comprises less than about 5 weight percent, suitably less than about 3 weight percent, and more suitably less than about 1 weight percent of air, based on the total weight of the gaseous environment present in the pressurized cooking environment
  • the individual cellulosic fibers are steam cooked at a high temperature and at a high pressure
  • any combination of high pressure, high temperature, and time which is effective in achieving a desired degree of modification, without undesirable damage to the cellulosic fibers, so
  • the cellulosic fibers will be subjected to an elevated superatmospheric pressure over a time period within the range of from about 0 1 minute to about 30 minutes, beneficially from about 0 5 minute to about 20 minutes, and suitably from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes
  • the higher the temperature employed, the shorter the period of time generally necessary to achieve a desired degree of modification of the cellulosic fibers As such, it may be possible to achieve essentially equivalent amounts of modification for different cellulosic fiber samples by using different combinations of high temperatures and times
  • the cellulosic fibers will be treated at a pressure that is superatmospheric (i e above normal atmospheric pressure), beneficially within the range from about 40 to about 405 pounds per square inch, suitably from about 40 to about 230 pounds per square inch, and more suitably from about 90 to about 230 pounds per square
  • the cellulosic fibers may be used in the process of the invention in either a dry or a wet state However, it may be desirable to prepare an aqueous mixture comprising the cellulosic fibers wherein the aqueous mixture is agitated, stirred, or blended to effectively disperse the cellulosic fibers throughout the water
  • the cellulosic fibers be steam cooked when the cellulosic fibers are in the form of aqueous pulp mixture that beneficially has a consistency of between about 10 to about 100 weight percent, suitably between about 20 to about 80 weight percent, and more
  • the equipment or method used to treat the cellulosic fibers with steam explosion is generally not critical Suitable equipment and methods for steam explosion may be found, for example, in Canadian Patent No 1 ,070,537, dated Jan 29, 1980, Canadian Patent No 1 ,070,646, dated Jan 29, 1980, Canadian Patent No 1 ,1 19,033, dated Mar 2, 1982, Canadian Patent No 1 ,138,708, dated Jan 4, 1983, and US Patent 5,262,003, issued November 16, 1993, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference
  • the steam explosion process generally causes the cellulosic fibers to become modified Without intending to be bound hereby, it is believed that the mechanical deformation/steam explosion process causes the cellulosic fibers to undergo a curling phenomenon
  • the steam exploded cellulosic fibers, in addition to being modified, have been discovered to exhibit improved properties that make such steam exploded cellulosic fibers suitable for use in liquid absorption or liquid handling applications
  • Cellulosic fibers suitable for use in the invention are generally without a substantial amount of curl prior to the mechanical deformation/steam explosion process (generally less than 0 2 curl index) After such mechanical deformation/steam explosion process, the treated cellulosic fibers will generally exhibit a desired level of stable curl (generally greater than 0 2 curl index) As such, the process of the invention generally does not require the use of any additional additives to the cellulosic fibers during the steam explosion process or any post-treatment steps after the steam explosion of the fibers to achieve the desired curls
  • the cellulosic fibers will be considered to be effectively treated by the steam explosion process when the cellulosic fibers exhibit an effective Wet Curl value of greater than 0 2
  • the curl of a fiber may be quantified by a curl value which measures the fractional shortening of a fiber due to kink, twists, and/or bends in the fiber
  • a fiber's curl value is measured in terms of a two dimensional plane, determined by viewing the fiber in a two dimensional plane
  • the projected length of a fiber as the longest dimension of a two dimensional rectangle encompassing the fiber, I, and the actual length of the fiber, L are both measured
  • An image analysis method may be used to measure L and I
  • a suitable image analysis method is described in U S Patent 4,898,642, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference
  • the cellulosic fibers prepared according to the process of the invention have been found to exhibit a substantially stable fiber curl when wet
  • This property of the cellulosic fibers may be quantified by a Wet Curl value, as measured according to the test method described herein, which is a length weighted mean curl average of a designated number of fibers, such as about 4000, from a fiber sample
  • the Wet Curl value is the summation of the individual wet curl values for each fiber multiplied by the fiber's actual length, L, divided by the summation of the actual lengths of the fibers It is hereby noted that the Wet Curl value, as determined herein, is calculated by only using the necessary values for those fibers with a length of greater than about 0 4 millimeter
  • the cellulosic fibers will be considered to be effectively treated by the steam explosion treatment when the cellulosic fibers exhibit a Wet Curl value that is greater than about 0 2, beneficially between about 0 2 to about 0 4, more beneficially between about 0 2 to about 0 35, suitably between about 0 22 to about 0 33, and suitably between about 0 25 to about 0 33
  • cellulosic fibers that have not been treated generally exhibit a Wet Curl value that is less than about 0 2
  • the treated cellulosic fibers are suitable for use in a wide variety of applications However, depending on the use intended for the treated cellulosic fibers, such treated cellulosic fibers may be washed with water If any additional processing procedures are planned because of the specific use for which the treated cellulosic fibers are intended, other recovery and post-treatment steps are also well known
  • New fiber materials can be produced by blending highly refined fibers with the mechanically deformed/steam exploded high bulk fibers
  • Highly refined fibers are raw fibers that are refined to a freeness of about 300-500 C S F
  • the blended fibers form a sheet with much higher bulk without losing strength, compared to the untreated fiber sheets
  • the cellulosic fibers treated according to the process of the invention are suited for use in disposable absorbent products such as diapers, adult incontinent products, and bed pads, in catamenial devices such as sanitary napkins, and tampons, other absorbent products such as wipes, bibs, wound dressings, and surgical capes or drapes, and tissue- based products such as facial or bathroom tissues, household towels, wipes and related products
  • the invention relates to a disposable absorbent product comprising the cellulosic fibers treated according to the process of the invention
  • the treated fibers prepared according to the process of the invention are formed into a handsheet which might represent a tissue- based product
  • Such a handsheet may be formed by either a wet-laid or an air-laid process
  • a wet-laid handsheet may be prepared according to the method disclosed in the Test Methods section herein
  • a wet-laid handsheet prepared from the treated cellulosic fibers prepared according to the process of the invention may exhibit a density that is lower than a wet-laid handsheet prepared from cellulosic fibers that have not been treated according to the process of the invention
  • a wet-laid handsheet prepared from the treated cellulosic fibers prepared according to the process of the invention may exhibit an increased bulk and higher absorbent capacity than a wet-laid handsheet prepared from cellulosic fibers that have not been treated according to the process of the invention
  • the treated cellulosic fibers prepared according to the process of the invention are formed into a fibrous matrix for incorporation into an absorbent structure
  • a fibrous matrix may take the form of, for example, a batt of comminuted wood pulp fluff, a tissue layer, a hydroentangled pulp sheet, or a mechanically softened pulp sheet
  • a fibrous matrix useful in the invention may be formed by an air-laying process or a wet-laid process, or by essentially any other process known to those skilled in the art for forming a fibrous matrix
  • a disposable absorbent product comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet, a backsheet attached to the liquid-permeable topsheet, and an absorbent structure positioned between the liquid-permeable topsheet and the backsheet, wherein the absorbent structure comprises treated cellulosic fibers prepared using the process of the invention
  • Exemplary disposable absorbent products are generally described in US-A- 4,710,187, US-A-4,762,521 , US-A-4,770,656, and US-A-4,798,603, which references are incorporated herein by reference
  • topsheet and backsheet Exemplary of materials suitable for use as the topsheet are liquid- permeable materials, such as spunbonded polypropylene or polyethylene having a basis weight of from about 15 to about 25 grams per square meter
  • materials suitable for use as the backsheet are liquid-impervious materials, such as polyolefm films, as well as vapor-pervious materials, such as microporous polyolefm films
  • Absorbent products and structures according to all aspects of the invention are generally subjected, during use, to multiple insults of a body liquid Accordingly, the absorbent products and structures are desirably capable of absorbing multiple insults of body liquids in quantities to which the absorbent products and structures will be exposed during use The insults are generally separated from one another by a period of time
  • the Wet Curl value for fibers was determined by using an instrument which rapidly, accurately, and automatically determines the quality of fibers, the instrument being available from OpTest Equipment Inc , Hawkesbury, Ontario, Canada, under the designation Fiber Quality Analyzer, OpTest Product Code DA93
  • a sample of dried cellulosic fibers was obtained The cellulosic fiber sample was poured into a 600 milliliter plastic sample beaker to be used in the Fiber Quality Analyzer The fiber sample in the beaker was diluted with tap water until the fiber concentration in the beaker was about 10 to about 25 fibers per second for evaluation by the Fiber Quality Analyzer
  • the plastic sample beaker filled with tap water was removed from the test chamber and replaced with the fiber sample beaker
  • the ⁇ Measure> button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed
  • the ⁇ New Measurement button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed
  • An identification of the fiber sample was then typed into the Fiber Quality Analyzer
  • the ⁇ OK> button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed
  • the ⁇ Opt ⁇ ons> button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed
  • the fiber count was set at 4,000
  • the parameters of scaling of a graph to be printed out may be set automatically or to desired values
  • the ⁇ Prev ⁇ ous> button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed
  • the ⁇ Start> button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed If the fiber sample beaker was properly placed in the test chamber, the ⁇ OK> button of the Fiber Quality Analyzer was then pushed
  • the Fiber Quality Analyzer then began testing and displayed the fibers passing through the
  • the C S Freeness of the fiber is the measurement of the degree of fiber refining and measured according to TAPPI (Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry test method (T227 om-92)
  • Handsheet Forming A 7-1/2 inch by 7-1/2 inch handsheet having a basis weight of about 60 grams per square meter was prepared using a Valley Handsheet mold, 8x8 inches
  • the sheet mold forming wire is a 90x90 mesh, stainless-steel wire cloth, with a wire diameter of 0 0055 inch
  • the backing wire is a 14x14 mesh with a wire diameter of 0 021 inch, plain weave bronze Taking a sufficient quantity of the thoroughly mixed stock to produce a handsheet of about 60 grams per square meter, the stock container of the sheet mold was clamped in position on the wire Several inches of water was allowed to rise above the wire The measured stock was added and the mold was filled with water up to a mark of 6 inches above the wire The perforated mixing plate was inserted into the mixture in the mold and slowly moved down and up 7 times The water leg drain valve was immediately opened When the water and stock mixture drained down to and disappeared from the wire, the drain valve was closed.
  • the cover of the sheet mold was raised. A clean, dry blotter was carefully placed on the formed fibers.
  • the dry couch roll was placed at the front edge of the blotter. The fibers adhering to the blotter were couched off the wire by one passage of the couching roll, without pressure, from front to back of wire.
  • the blotter with the fiber mat adhering to it was placed in the hydraulic press, handsheet up, on top of two used, re-dried blotters. Two new blotters were placed on top of the handsheet.
  • the press was closed and clamped. Pressure was applied to give a gauge reading that produced 75 PSI on the area of the blotter affected by the press. This pressure was maintained for exactly one minute. The pressure on the press was then released. The press was opened and the handsheet was removed.
  • the handsheet was placed on the polished surface of the sheet dryer (Valley Steam hot plate). The canvas cover was carefully lowered over the sheet. The 13 lb dead weight was fastened to the lead filled brass tube. The sheet was allowed to dry for 2 minutes. The surface temperature, with the cover removed, averaged 100.5 plus or minus 1 degree C. The sheet was removed from the dryer and trimmed to 7 1 x 7 inches. The sheet was immediately weighed. D) Testing of Handsheets
  • Handsheets were tested at 50% humidity and 73 degree F. Bulk, Burst Indes, Tear index and tensile index of the handsheets were tested according to TAPPI (Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry) test method (T220 om-88).
  • a strip of sample handsheet material having a width of about 2 inches and a length of about 15 inches, was obtained by using a textile saw available, for example from Eastman, Machine Corp., Buffalo, New York.
  • the sample strip was cut at least about 1 inch away from the edge of the handsheet so as to avoid edge effects.
  • the sample strip was marked in about 10 millimeter intervals using water-soluble ink.
  • a bulk meter accurate to at least about 0.01 millimeter such as a bulk meter available from Mitutoyo Corporation, was used.
  • An about one inch diameter platen was used to measure the bulk, with the platen being parallel to the base of the bulk meter.
  • the bulk of the sample strip was measured in about 50 millimeter intervals along the length of the sample strip and then averaged.
  • the average bulk of the sample strip was then used to calculate the dry density of the sample strip, using the weight and dimensions of the sample strip.
  • the wet density of the sample strip may be similarly determined after the sample strip has evaluated for Liquid Flux values.
  • the basic raw material was Kimberly-Clark's northern softwood (i.e., LL19) kraft.
  • the fibers were divided into two parts. One part of the raw fibers was Fiberized using a lab Pullmann fiberizer; then the Fiberized fibers were subjected to steam explosion treatment. These combined treatments can produce fibers which form very bulky but very weak sheets.
  • the other part of the raw fibers was refined to a low freeness (about 300 ml C.S.F.) using a lab Valley beater.
  • New fiber materials can be produced by blending the highly-refined fibers with the high bulk, weak fibers at various bonding ratios. At certain blend ratios, the blended fibers form a much higher bulk without losing strength compared to the untreated.
  • Table 1 shows the properties of fiber (LL-19) as it is refined from 0 to 60 minutes in a Valley Beater.
  • Table 2 shows the physical properties of various blends of 60 minute refined fiber
  • Table 3 shows the physical properties of various blends of 60 minute refined fiber (LL-19) and Fiberized/steam exploded fiber (LL-19).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Selon cette invention, il est possible de modifier en permanence la morphologie des fibres ligneuses en introduisant dans celles-ci un vrillage, une torsion, une bouclette, une ondulation ou autre déformation curviligne. On procède d'abord au défibrage des fibres ligneuses par un traitement mécanique, puis on les soumet au vapocraquage à une température/pression supérieures à la pression atmosphérique de façon à conférer à la fibre une morphologie stable qui ne se relaxe pas au bout d'un certain temps, au contact d'autres traitements ou en utilisation.
PCT/US1999/031218 1998-12-30 1999-12-29 Materiau fibreux extremement resistant morphologie stable WO2000039388A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0116464A GB2361482B (en) 1998-12-30 1999-12-29 High bulk high strength fiber material with permanent fiber morphology
AU25962/00A AU2596200A (en) 1998-12-30 1999-12-29 High bulk, high strength fiber material with permanent fiber morphology
BR9916563-5A BR9916563A (pt) 1998-12-30 1999-12-29 Material fibroso de volume e resistência elevadoscom morfologia de fibra permanente
DE19983882T DE19983882B4 (de) 1998-12-30 1999-12-29 Fasermaterial mit hohem spezifischen Volumen, hoher Festigkeit und permanenter Fasermorphologie

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11422598P 1998-12-30 1998-12-30
US60/114,225 1998-12-30
US09/448,162 1999-11-24
US09/448,162 US6413362B1 (en) 1999-11-24 1999-11-24 Method of steam treating low yield papermaking fibers to produce a permanent curl

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WO2000039388A1 true WO2000039388A1 (fr) 2000-07-06

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KR (1) KR100611280B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2596200A (fr)
BR (1) BR9916563A (fr)
DE (1) DE19983882B4 (fr)
GB (1) GB2361482B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000039388A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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AU2596200A (en) 2000-07-31
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DE19983882T1 (de) 2002-02-14
KR100611280B1 (ko) 2006-08-10
DE19983882B4 (de) 2007-12-06
BR9916563A (pt) 2001-11-13
GB2361482B (en) 2003-06-04
GB0116464D0 (en) 2001-08-29

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