WO2000037692A1 - Procede ameliore de filtration de metal liquide sur un lit de materiau particulaire refractaire - Google Patents
Procede ameliore de filtration de metal liquide sur un lit de materiau particulaire refractaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000037692A1 WO2000037692A1 PCT/FR1999/003184 FR9903184W WO0037692A1 WO 2000037692 A1 WO2000037692 A1 WO 2000037692A1 FR 9903184 W FR9903184 W FR 9903184W WO 0037692 A1 WO0037692 A1 WO 0037692A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bed
- liquid metal
- filtration
- particulate material
- inclusions
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
- C22B9/023—By filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to an improved method for filtering liquid metal, in particular aluminum, magnesium or their alloys on a thick bed of refractory gravel.
- tabular alumina which is an alpha alumina, generally in the form of balls or crushed grains, in order to remove its solid or liquid inclusions. It is very important to be able to improve this elimination, in particular when aluminum is used to obtain very thin sheets in order to reduce the risk of scrap; in fact the thinner the sheet produced the more it becomes necessary to eliminate the inclusions of small size, in addition to large ones, because they produce defects which become detrimental.
- the sintered alumina gravel bed generally has a thickness of the order of 40 cm.
- the rate of purification of the liquid metal after filtration of the inclusions by this type of alumina is limited; thus the said metal can still contain after filtration up to 10,000 particles of size greater than 20 ⁇ m per kg, even for a residence time which is generally between 100 and 500 sec, the said purification rate being very variable depending on of particle size and from one pour to another.
- this type of alumina is expensive.
- the Applicant has thus sought to reduce the rate of inclusions present in the filtered liquid metal by focusing more particularly on improving the elimination of small inclusions. It also sought to lower the cost, and more generally improve the performance of the liquid metal filtration process through a bed of particulate material, while trying to find a solution to the problem of recycling said bed of particulate material.
- the invention is a liquid metal filtration process in which said liquid metal passes through a thick bed of refractory particulate material having an open porosity of between 5 and 30%.
- This process is mainly applied to aluminum, magnesium or their alloys.
- the porosity which corresponds to the pore volume of the grains of the bed (surface porosities and internal porosities), is measured by mercury porosimetry; it is due to pores with a diameter essentially greater than 10 ⁇ m and generally less than 200 ⁇ m to maintain good resistance to erosion.
- the particle size is preferably between 0.2 and 20 mm and the bed has a thickness of 4 to 40 cm.
- the residence time of the liquid metal in the gravel bed can be of the same order of magnitude as that used for tabular alumina gravel but it is remarkable to note that a purification is obtained which is at least equivalent, or even greater, than that obtained with said alumina for residence times less than 200 sec, or even less than 50 sec. Such short residence times allow the size of industrial installations to be reduced significantly while maintaining the same filtration efficiency.
- a tabular alumina gravel has a very low porosity generally less than 3% due to very fine pores, mostly less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the material used in the invention is advantageously an alumina.
- said refractory material is an electrofused corundum obtained by melting an alumina in an arc furnace, followed by casting, preferably in molds, by regulating the cooling and solidification regime of so as to obtain the desired open porosity, and by crushing and / or grinding, for example in a roller or hammer mill, the gravel obtained then being screened to size desired and dusted.
- Crystallization modifiers such as F, B, Y, MgO or
- SiO 2 can be added to control the porosity. It is preferable to use white corundum to avoid any risk of chemically staining the liquid metal.
- the elimination rate of inclusions is always greater than 95%, or even greater than 91%, whatever the size of said inclusions, which also results in a marked reduction in the presence of particles of small dimensions.
- the invention makes it possible to use reduced residence times while maintaining a level of quality. at least equal to, or even greater than, that observed with other particulate materials and remarkable consistency from one pour to another, which is not the case for example with tabular alumina.
- the possibility of filtering with reduced residence times also results, at a given gravel thickness, by the possibility of increasing the metal flow rate (or the filtration speed) with equal efficiency. This possibility could also limit the release of inclusions during metal flow jolts.
- the residence time can be as short as 1 sec, preferably at least 2 sec, and more preferably at least 5 sec; it is generally less than 500 sec, preferably less than 200 sec, and more preferably less than 100 sec and is advantageously between 2 and 200 sec or better between 2 and 100 sec, or even between 5 and 100 sec, the times of the shortest stays being determined by the level of the desired elimination rate and by the risk of release of inclusions accepted.
- the number of particles present in the filtered metal does not generally exceed 600 particles of size greater than 20 ⁇ m per kg of filtered liquid metal, the quantity of smaller particles being reduced by the same amount. It appears that not only is the fixation of the inclusions better, but also that no salting out occurs.
- the retention capacity of inclusions in corundum is greater than in tabular alumina, that is to say that at a constant purification rate of the liquid metal the lifetime of the filters is increased. The frequency of interventions to change the filter bed is then reduced, which also makes it possible to limit production stoppages.
- corundum offers the advantage of being able to be easily recycled by remanufacturing it by simple fusion whereas for tabular alumina, if one wants to avoid costly re-manufacturing, a complex regeneration treatment must be carried out since generally includes the combination of a treatment using different aqueous solutions, which are all effluents to be treated and / or recycled, and a regenerative heat treatment.
- Said bed can possibly be consolidated in order to facilitate its handling.
- the first bed is based on tabular alumina beads with a particle size of 3/6 mesh, that is to say between 3.35 mm and 6.70 mm, and of porosity 2, 8% due in large part to pores with a diameter of less than 7 ⁇ m; it is 40 cm thick.
- the measurement of the specific surface according to the method of measuring the multi-molecular adsorption known under the name BET (Brunauer, Emmet and Teller), gave a value of 0.012 m 2 / g for this bed.
- the second bed is a white corundum (purity greater than 99.6%) with a porosity of 10.7% due mainly to pores with a diameter between 10 and 250 ⁇ m, its particle size is between 3 and 6 mm and the bed is 40 cm thick. It is obtained by pouring liquid alumina into metal molds, the cooling and solidification rate being 50 to 100 ° C / h, by crushing the solidified product then grinding it in a roller mill and screening it between sieves opening 3 and 6 mm. The BET specific surface of this bed was 0.09 m 2 / g. The particles in the bed were rather needle-like, even needle-pointed in some tests.
- FIG. 1 The distribution of porosities of the particles of the bed according to the prior art (curve A) and according to the invention (curve B) is shown in Figure 1.
- Figure la gives the pore volume V (in cm3 / g) as a function of pore diameter 0 (in ⁇ m).
- Figure 1b gives the same porous distributions as Figure 1a in cumulative form (cumulative porous distributions).
- the liquid metal used is an aluminum-magnesium alloy (1.2%) in which known additions of inclusions smaller than 120 ⁇ m are made so as to have between 10,000 and 35,000 inclusions / kg of metal depending on the flows. .
- the residence time of the liquid aluminum in the filter bed is 100 sec during each of the castings.
- the counting of the inclusions is carried out using a LiMCA device (Liquid Metal Cleanliness Analysis) sold by the company BOMEM and implementing in liquid aluminum the well-known counting method of the so-called Counter Coulter type, which measures both the number and the size of the particles by a measure of electrical resistance when they pass through a calibrated orifice.
- LiMCA device Liquid Metal Cleanliness Analysis
- Table 1 corresponds to the tests according to the prior art
- Table 2 corresponds to the tests according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 which gives the filtration efficiency E (in%) as a function of the residence time T (in seconds) for a filter according to the prior art (curve A) and according to the invention (curve B), shows that the filter beds according to the invention preserve a very high filtering efficiency for residence times less than 200 sec, while the efficiency of the filter beds of the prior art decreases appreciably for residence times less than 200 sec.
- the residence time corresponds to the equivalent barrel-vacuum filtration speed, that is to say it corresponds to the minimum residence time calculated from the metal flow as if it were a laminar flow.
- the bed according to the invention has shown greater filtration efficiency.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99959493T ATE232562T1 (de) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | Verfahren zum filtrieren von geschmolzenem metall unter verwendung eines feuerfesten partikelförmigen werkstoffes für das filterbett |
AU16650/00A AU762820B2 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | Improved method for filtering a metal liquid on a bed of refractory particulate material |
DE69905402T DE69905402T2 (de) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | Verfahren zum filtrieren von geschmolzenem metall unter verwendung eines feuerfesten partikelförmigen werkstoffes für das filterbett |
JP2000589745A JP2002533568A (ja) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | 耐熱性粒子物質の床上での改善された液体金属濾過方法 |
EP99959493A EP1144700B1 (fr) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | Procede ameliore de filtration de metal liquide sur un lit de materiau particulaire refractaire |
CA002356372A CA2356372A1 (fr) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | Procede ameliore de filtration de metal liquide sur un lit de materiau particulaire refractaire |
NO20013073A NO20013073L (no) | 1998-12-21 | 2001-06-20 | Fremgangsmåte for filtrering av flytende metall på et sjikt av ildfast partikkelmateriale |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR98/16389 | 1998-12-21 | ||
FR9816389A FR2787469B1 (fr) | 1998-12-21 | 1998-12-21 | Procede ameliore de filtration de metal liquide sur un lit de materiau particulaire refractaire |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000037692A1 true WO2000037692A1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 |
Family
ID=9534458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/003184 WO2000037692A1 (fr) | 1998-12-21 | 1999-12-17 | Procede ameliore de filtration de metal liquide sur un lit de materiau particulaire refractaire |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1144700B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002533568A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE232562T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU762820B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2356372A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69905402T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2190669T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2787469B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20013073L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000037692A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9057085B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2015-06-16 | Codexis, Inc. | Lov-D acyltransferase mediated acylation |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1367069A (en) * | 1970-10-22 | 1974-09-18 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Removal of non-metallic constituents from liquid metal |
US4278544A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1981-07-14 | Aikoh, Co., Ltd. | Filter medium for fluid |
EP0076781A2 (fr) * | 1981-10-06 | 1983-04-13 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Milieu filtrant sous forme d'un corps poreux stable |
US4528099A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1985-07-09 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Filter medium for filtering molten metals |
US5322821A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1994-06-21 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Porous ceramic beads |
-
1998
- 1998-12-21 FR FR9816389A patent/FR2787469B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-12-17 ES ES99959493T patent/ES2190669T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 EP EP99959493A patent/EP1144700B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 AT AT99959493T patent/ATE232562T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-17 WO PCT/FR1999/003184 patent/WO2000037692A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-17 JP JP2000589745A patent/JP2002533568A/ja active Pending
- 1999-12-17 CA CA002356372A patent/CA2356372A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-17 AU AU16650/00A patent/AU762820B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-17 DE DE69905402T patent/DE69905402T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-20 NO NO20013073A patent/NO20013073L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1367069A (en) * | 1970-10-22 | 1974-09-18 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Removal of non-metallic constituents from liquid metal |
US4278544A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1981-07-14 | Aikoh, Co., Ltd. | Filter medium for fluid |
EP0076781A2 (fr) * | 1981-10-06 | 1983-04-13 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Milieu filtrant sous forme d'un corps poreux stable |
US4528099A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1985-07-09 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Filter medium for filtering molten metals |
US5322821A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1994-06-21 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Porous ceramic beads |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9057085B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2015-06-16 | Codexis, Inc. | Lov-D acyltransferase mediated acylation |
US9399785B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2016-07-26 | Codexis, Inc. | Lov-D acyltransferase mediated acylation |
EP3190123A1 (fr) | 2009-09-30 | 2017-07-12 | Codexis, Inc. | Acylation à médiation acyltransférase lov-d améliorée |
US9909156B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2018-03-06 | Codexis, Inc. | Lov-D acyltransferase mediated acylation |
US10428360B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2019-10-01 | Codexis, Inc. | Lov-D acyltransferase mediated acylation |
US10858680B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | Codexis, Inc. | Lov-D acyltransferase mediated acylation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2787469A1 (fr) | 2000-06-23 |
ES2190669T3 (es) | 2003-08-01 |
JP2002533568A (ja) | 2002-10-08 |
EP1144700A1 (fr) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1144700B1 (fr) | 2003-02-12 |
ATE232562T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
DE69905402D1 (de) | 2003-03-20 |
FR2787469B1 (fr) | 2001-02-16 |
CA2356372A1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 |
DE69905402T2 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
NO20013073D0 (no) | 2001-06-20 |
NO20013073L (no) | 2001-06-20 |
AU762820B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
AU1665000A (en) | 2000-07-12 |
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