WO2000031169A1 - Composite materials for use in buoyancy applications - Google Patents
Composite materials for use in buoyancy applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000031169A1 WO2000031169A1 PCT/GB1999/003926 GB9903926W WO0031169A1 WO 2000031169 A1 WO2000031169 A1 WO 2000031169A1 GB 9903926 W GB9903926 W GB 9903926W WO 0031169 A1 WO0031169 A1 WO 0031169A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- buoyancy
- matrix
- buoyancy means
- acetylated
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
- E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
- F16L11/133—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting buoyant
Definitions
- This invention relates to composite materials, and especially those materials which are particularly useful in buoyancy applications, and especially those which have a high modulus and a low density/S.G.
- a buoyancy application comprises a situation where a degree of displacement has to be added to an article member or structure so as in effect to reduce its effective weight when on or in a liquid, in particular water.
- Particular buoyancy applications include subsurface support systems in offshore, gas and marine industries.
- a particular buoyancy application comprises the support of rigid riser pipes in off shore oil installations (the term riser pipe as used herein is intended to cover the installation and insulation of seabed collector pipe systems, known to those skilled in the art) .
- riser pipe for transporting oil from under the sea bed to the sea surface typically may be of steel, and may be in a number of sections so that the riser can extend over substantial distances.
- the longer the riser the greater the weight of same, and the heavier the riser, the greater the power/buoyancy which is needed for example to neutralise the strain on the umbilical strings, which can be several thousand meters long, extending between the sea bed and the surface installation.
- a further particular buoyancy application comprises the subsurface support horizontal or essentially horizontal pipelines or groups of pipelines used for transporting gas or oil along the seabed to the riser pipelines
- a yet further particular buoyancy application comprises the support of flexible riser pipes in offshore oil and gas installations. Because of this difficulty, it has been established that pipes or pipe lengths are provided with buoyancy cladding in order to decrease the effective weight of the pipe or pipe lengths when in use in the water. This cladding additionally provides a degree of insulation, which can be important in some applications, for example the transport of oil, as the insulation prevents the oil from becoming too cold and viscous, impeding flow through the pipe.
- the cladding which has been adopted heretofore comprises mainly a composition of syntactic foam to which is added hollow or essentially hollow bodies, typically spherical bodies, which are strengthened with fibre reinforced plastic coats .
- the spheres are typically fabricated from a thermoplastic or from glass, or from polystyrene foam.
- the reinforcing fibre for the synthetic resin coat is typically glass but may be wollastonite, or less typically because of cost considerations, carbon.
- the resin may typically be polyester or epoxy resin in basic or modified forms, and the composite is made by coating the spheres with a matrix of fibres and synthetic resin.
- the resin may typically be polyester or epoxy resin in basic or modified forms.
- Glass fibre is typically used because in a composite it provides the required modulus to resist crushing pressure and in a composite it can be agoraphobic and will stand up to wet degradation, but it does have the disadvantage that it is relatively heavy (being approximately twice the specific gravity of natural fibre) and this reduces the degree of buoyancy which can be achieved by the coated hollow or essentially hollow spheres . Additionally, glass fibre is a poor thermal insulator which is a disadvantage where insulation is required.
- the cladding has to withstand fairly substantial hydrostatic pressures, especially where it is applied to the pipelines and/or a collector pipe system in deep water installations. It should also be noted that the lower profile achievable reduces the strain on the pipes caused by underwater currents.
- fibre reinforced plastic coating of the buoyancy spheres is to prevent collapse or implosion of these spheres in the cladding when subjected to hydrostatic pressure.
- more coats provided greater strength to the buoyancy spheres but at the same time increasing the true density and reducing the buoyancy capability of the spheres. Accordingly larger and therefore more cumbersome cladding modules are required to provide the necessary degree of buoyancy.
- the present invention aims to provide an alternative form of composite which does not suffer from the disadvantages indicated.
- a buoyancy material comprising or including acetylated natural fibres, a synthetic resin to form a resin fibre matrix, and a buoyancy means.
- the invention also provides a method of making the material.
- the material preferably comprises or includes natural fibres which have been acetylated and mixed with a synthetic resin to form a resin fibre matrix, and that matrix is used to coat a buoyancy means, such as polystyrene beads or tubes or hollow shapes such as spheres.
- a buoyancy means such as polystyrene beads or tubes or hollow shapes such as spheres.
- Acetylated fibres are ones which have been subjected to acetylation treatment such as that set forth in our European patent application numbers 0910602, 0909618 and 0915121 and, and the acetylation process has the effect as is known of rendering the natural fibres substantially hydrophobic, whereas in their natural unacetylated state they are hydrophilic and therefore will swell and degrade when they become wet. This makes their use in a composite unsuitable for this application.
- the acetylation treatment therefore renders the fibres suitable for applications such as buoyancy applications of the nature described above, but it is appreciated that perhaps the composite according to the invention may well have other applications where the advantage of high modulus and low density together with low degradation are desirable and of which we are not aware.
- the acetylated fibres are cut, milled or ground in order to reduce their size, and then the reduced acetylated fibres are mixed with the resin which may typically be an epoxy or a polyester resin.
- the resulting matrix is mixed with the buoyancy means, for example polystyrene beads so that the matrix coats the beads .
- the coating process may be carried out in two or more stages to achieve a specific crushing or buckling strength.
- the beads are either embedded in the matrix, or the matrix and beads form a material which is flowable, but in each case the material is capable of being shaped to form a buoyancy article or a buoyancy cover or attachment for an article.
- the resulting composite is then moulded to the shape of for example the article whose buoyancy is to be increased, and where such article is a riser pipe or sealed collector , the composite may be moulded into the shape of cylindrical half shells for application to the riser pipe.
- the fibres are acetylated before being milled, the invention also extends to the case where the acetylation takes place after milling.
- Any suitable form of natural fibre can be used, but we have obtained good results using coir fibres, which are much lighter and have better thermal insulation properties than glass fibres, and the resulting composite is much lighter than the known composite used for buoyancy applications of the type described.
- fibre suitable for use in the invention comprise but are not limited to jute, hemp, flax, and combinations of these fibres with synthetic fibres may be used if desired.
- the acetylated fibre When the acetylated fibre is milled, it is preferably reduced to a size to between 5000 and 300 micron to be suitable for the coating compound which relates to the size of object to be coated.
- the mixing of the ingredients of the composition may be done in a conventional mixer, and in any desired sequence.
- buoyancy composite material in offshore pipes or pipelines or collector pipes
- the material may be used in other buoyancy applications, including tow pipe transporting, enhancing the buoyancy of submersibles, the provision of buoyancy units for use in mid water arches of main riser systems, and so on.
- the density of the composition is an important consideration and required total up-thrust or lift must be calculated.
- the density normally has to be kept as low as technically possible, and the use of the acetylated fibres assists in this direction, providing the high modulus/low density required of the coating compound.
- acetylated fibres in the coating composition provides the high modulus necessary to resist the crushing and buckling forces the materials are exposed to at great depths now being exploited in the industry.
- the use of acetylated fibres helps to resist water ingress into the composition, which is an advantage, because the greater the water ingress, the greater the loss in buoyancy.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU12855/00A AU1285500A (en) | 1998-11-26 | 1999-11-26 | Composite materials for use in buoyancy applications |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9825768.6 | 1998-11-26 | ||
GBGB9825768.6A GB9825768D0 (en) | 1998-11-26 | 1998-11-26 | Composite materials,especially for use in buoyancy applications |
GBGB9827188.5A GB9827188D0 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 1998-12-11 | Composite materials,especially for use in buoyancy applications |
GB9827188.5 | 1998-12-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000031169A1 true WO2000031169A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 |
Family
ID=26314724
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1999/003926 WO2000031169A1 (en) | 1998-11-26 | 1999-11-26 | Composite materials for use in buoyancy applications |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU1285500A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000031169A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003025331A1 (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2003-03-27 | Crp Group Ltd. | Buoyancy element and module |
US6758710B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2004-07-06 | Crp Balmoral Inc. | Method of reinforcement of marine buoyancy modules |
CN103665768A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-strength solid buoyancy material |
CN108329511A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of preparation method of solid buoyancy material nucleocapsid grade bead |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1168778A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1969-10-29 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Structural Foamed Products and Method for Production Thereof. |
US4706711A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1987-11-17 | Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat | Elastic technical hose with a foam insert |
JPH06198610A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-07-19 | Yamaha Corp | Preparation of wooden fibrous material |
-
1999
- 1999-11-26 AU AU12855/00A patent/AU1285500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-26 WO PCT/GB1999/003926 patent/WO2000031169A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1168778A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1969-10-29 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Structural Foamed Products and Method for Production Thereof. |
US4706711A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1987-11-17 | Taurus Gumiipari Vallalat | Elastic technical hose with a foam insert |
JPH06198610A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-07-19 | Yamaha Corp | Preparation of wooden fibrous material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199433, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A81, AN 1994-268993, XP002132541 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003025331A1 (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2003-03-27 | Crp Group Ltd. | Buoyancy element and module |
GB2393152A (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2004-03-24 | Crp Group Ltd | Buoyancy element and module |
GB2393152B (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2004-08-04 | Crp Group Ltd | Buoyancy element and module |
US7214114B2 (en) | 2001-09-15 | 2007-05-08 | Trelleborg Crp Ltd. | Buoyancy element and module |
US6758710B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2004-07-06 | Crp Balmoral Inc. | Method of reinforcement of marine buoyancy modules |
CN103665768A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-strength solid buoyancy material |
CN103665768B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-08-17 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | The preparation method of High-strength solid buoyancy material |
CN108329511A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of preparation method of solid buoyancy material nucleocapsid grade bead |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1285500A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
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