WO2000026925A1 - Fluides dielectriques respectueux de l'environnement - Google Patents

Fluides dielectriques respectueux de l'environnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000026925A1
WO2000026925A1 PCT/US1999/025986 US9925986W WO0026925A1 WO 2000026925 A1 WO2000026925 A1 WO 2000026925A1 US 9925986 W US9925986 W US 9925986W WO 0026925 A1 WO0026925 A1 WO 0026925A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dielectric fluid
fluid
mixtures
internal
dielectric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/025986
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English (en)
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WO2000026925A8 (fr
Inventor
Sven A. Olund
Terrell T. Coco
Original Assignee
Shrieve Chemical Products, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shrieve Chemical Products, Inc. filed Critical Shrieve Chemical Products, Inc.
Priority to AU21450/00A priority Critical patent/AU2145000A/en
Publication of WO2000026925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000026925A1/fr
Publication of WO2000026925A8 publication Critical patent/WO2000026925A8/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/06—Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
    • H01B9/0688—Features relating to the dielectric of oil-pressure cables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/06—Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
    • H01B9/0627—Cables for use in conduits under oil-pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dielectric fluids, particularly to dielectric fluids for use in oil-filled underground and submarine electrical cables.
  • Pipe-type electrical cable systems are well known for electrical power transmission and typically consist of an outer steel pipe that houses one or more electrical conductors, such as stranded copper or aluminum conductors.
  • the conductors are typically encased in conductor shields that are in turn wrapped with insulating tape or some other form of insulating material.
  • the free area within the pipe is pressurized with a dielectric fluid.
  • the dielectric fluid serves as an insulator and can also resist or retard moisture ingress in case of a leak in the pipe.
  • the most common dielectric fluids are mineral or petroleum oils and synthetic hydrocarbons, such as alkylbenzene and polybutene.
  • high-pressure cables also referred to as HPFF cables or "high pressure fluid filled” cables
  • the pressure of the dielectric fluid is typically maintained at least 200 psig.
  • fluid is pumped from the pipe into a reservoir, containing dielectric fluid, to maintain the desired pressure.
  • the power load on the cable is decreased, and therefore the operating temperature decreases.
  • high viscosity mineral oils 800 SUS@100F
  • 345 kV cables With the introduction of 345 kV cables in the 1960s a switch to synthetic fluids took place. At first, a 500SUS viscosity (100 centistokes @40C) polybutene was commonly used.
  • some systems employ forced cooling by pumping the fluid through a heat exchanger to remove heat from the fluid.
  • This type of operation benefited from a switch to a lower viscosity polybutene, and later to a 100SUS(20cs@40C) alkylbenzene, by reducing pressure drop and increasing heat transfer.
  • low-pressure cables also referred to as LPFF or "low pressure fluid filled” cables
  • the fluid is typically maintained at 15 psig, placed in manholes at suitable intervals along the cable. When the cable heats up and the fluid therefore expands, excess fluid flows into the reservoirs. When the cable cools and the fluid contracts, the dielectric fluid is pressurized back into the cable.
  • Nonylbenzene (about 3cs @40C) has been the fluid of choice for submarine cables.
  • Alkylbenzenes such as nonylbenzene, dodecylbenzene and heavier analogs, have excellent electrical properties and have been, and continue to, serve the industry well.
  • leaks into water these products biodegrade slowly, and in cases of leaks in stagnant water create an unsightly sheen. Therefore, there is a need for dielectric fluids with good electrical properties suitable for use in high voltage, high and low pressure fluid-filled underground cables that are environmentally friendly, easily biodegradable and with low toxicity.
  • the present invention meets these and other needs and is directed to dielectric fluids that include at least one alpha or internal Cio-C 2 o linear olefin or mixtures or blends thereof, and that can further include an antioxidant.
  • at least 90% of the olefins are in the form of internal Ci 5 -Ci 8 linear olefins.
  • the olefins can be blended with other synthetic hydrocarbons, such as polybutenes, alkylbenzenes or polyalphaolefins.
  • the dielectric fluid can be filtered to remove particulate matter.
  • the dielectric fluid can be processed to remove excess water down to 30 ppm or less.
  • the invention is directed to electrical cable systems that utilize the dielectric fluids of the invention.
  • the fluid in the system is maintained under pressure.
  • the fluid is maintained under continuous flow.
  • the invention is directed to methods of using the dielectric fluids of the invention to insulate a conductor in an electrical cable system by introducing the fluid into the pipe or sheath of the system.
  • the fluid in the system is maintained under pressure.
  • the fluid is maintained under continuous flow.
  • Olefins are any member of the homologous series of unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons having at least one double bond and the general formula CnH 2n , as ethylene.
  • Olefins useful in the present invention include the C ⁇ 0 -C 2 o linear olefins.
  • the double bonds of these olefins can be either at the end of the molecule, i.e., an alpha olephin, or internally, i.e., an internal olephin.
  • Alkylbenzenes are hydrocarbons derivatized with a benzene group. Branched alkyl benzenes have the general formula:
  • Polybutene also known as polybutylene, polyisobutylene and polyisobutene are polymers generally of isobutene, but can also include polymers of 1-butene and 2-butene.
  • Polyalphaolefins are branched polymers of alpha olefins.
  • Biodeqradabilitv Two classes of biodegradation are generally recognized, primary biodegradation and ultimate biodegradation.
  • Primary biodegradation refers to the conversion of an original substance into new products.
  • Ultimate biodegradation is the complete conversion of the original substance into carbon dioxide, water, new microbial biomass and inorganic substances, and is also referred to as mineralization. In the case of hydrocarbons, ultimate biodegradation or mineralization results in complete conversion to carbon dioxide and water.
  • OECD Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development
  • a substance will be deemed to exhibit "low toxicity" if it meets the meets the criteria for aquatic toxicity, according to accepted aqueous toxicity protocols established by either the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the Paris Commission of the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources (Paris Convention).
  • HPFF cables are pipe-type cable systems, and are also referred to as high pressure oil-filled (HPOF) cables.
  • HPFF cables typically contain three conductors encased within a steel pipe. The conductors are insulated by wrapping layers of insulating paper around the conductors and impregnating the paper with a high viscosity fluid.
  • the pipe is filled a dielectric fluid and maintained at a high pressure, typically 200-300 psi.
  • HPFF cables can be force-cooled by circulating the fluid through the loop.
  • SCFF Self-contained fluid-filled
  • SCLF self-contained liquid-filled
  • SCLF cables use a hollow-cored conductor wrapped with insulating paper and typically covered with a lead or aluminum sheath. These cables can be designed to operate at low pressure (15 psi), medium pressure (50-75 psi) or high pressure (150-250 psi). SCLF cables designed to operate at low pressure are also known as self-contained low-pressure fluid-filled (SCLF) cables, low- pressure fluid-filled (LPFF) cables and low-pressure oil-filled (LPOF) cables. Pressure is maintained by the use of small reservoirs or by pumping plants.
  • SCLF self-contained low-pressure fluid-filled
  • LPFF low-pressure fluid-filled
  • LPOF low-pressure oil-filled
  • the useful olefins of the present invention are alpha or internal C10-C20 linear olefins or mixtures thereof. These olefins provide good electrical properties for use as dielectric fluids, as well as being readily biodegradable and exhibiting low toxicity making them desirable for environmental considerations. Of these mixtures, the internal olefins have an advantage of generally lower melting points, making them useful in lower temperature applications where longer carbon chain alpha olefins might solidify.
  • the olefins are a blend of C1 0 -C2 0 internal olefins where at least 90% of the blend are C 15 -C1 8 internal olefins.
  • Such blends have already proven useful in other environmentally sensitive applications.
  • these olefin blends have been generally approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use in offshore drilling. In offshore drilling large quantities of drilling fluid are discharged into the ocean. Environmentally friendly drilling fluid products are therefore essential. After extensive testing, certain hydrocarbons, including mixtures of different olefins, have become the products of choice for this application.
  • olefin blends of the invention reach 80% ultimate biodegradation within 28 days, a value that exceeds the "readily biodegradable" standard of OECD 306.
  • Linear olefins in general are less toxic than known dielectric fluids, such as alkylbenzenes and mineral oil. Also, because the olefins of the invention biodegrade so quickly, long-term or chronic toxicity is not an issue, as the olefins do not persist long enough to present long-term or chronic toxicity problems The biodegradability and very low toxicity of the olefins of the present invention thus make them a safer choice than current fluids in environmentally sensitive areas, such as marine, wetland areas, and other sensitive areas where electrical cables are present.
  • olefins are the first dielectric fluids that address the environmental concerns of biodegradability and toxicity. In pure forms, these olefins biodegrade in a matter of days, causing very limited impact to the surrounding ecology. In addition, these olefins do not produce an unsightly sheen on the surface of water, as do other current dielectric fluids.
  • the olefins of the present invention are also miscible with other hydrocarbon dielectric fluids, such as polybutenes and alkylbenzenes, that are currently in common use as dielectric fluids. Therefore, the olefins of the present invention can be added as a makeup fluid in case of a leak in a system using conventional hydrocarbon dielectric fluids without any adverse effect.
  • the olefins can also be blended with currently used dielectric fluids to improve biodegradability and reduce toxicity.
  • blends of the olefins with polybutene have been identified as useful.
  • the olefins can also be blended with alkylbenzenes or other hydrocarbon dielectric fluids, such as transformer oils.
  • alkylbenzenes or other hydrocarbon dielectric fluids such as transformer oils.
  • higher viscosity dielectric fluids such as polybutenes or alkylbenzenes, may be used as thickeners.
  • Polyalphaolefin (PAO) although currently not used as a dielectric fluid, may be preferred by environmental authorities as it has been approved as a drilling fluid and has a relatively low toxicity.
  • a food grade antioxidant such as di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol (DBPC) also known to as Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) (chemical formula C 15 H 24 O), and sold under the tradenames IONOL and DEENEX.
  • DBPC di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol
  • BHT Butylated hydroxy toluene
  • Water removal can be accomplished by heating the fluid under vacuum or by heating while bubbling nitrogen gas through the mixture. Water content of 30 ppm or less is desirable. While olefin blends or mixtures have been described, it is to be appreciated that invention contemplates the use pure forms of the inventive olefins as dielectric fluids as well.
  • the first blend tested was a C ⁇ 5- C ⁇ 8 olefin blend (Shell Chemical Co., Houston, Texas) consisting of a mixture of internal olefins containing 90+ % C 15 -C ⁇ s internal olefins, with a maximum of 4% C 14 and lower olefins and a maximum of 6% C 19 and higher olefins.
  • the second blend tested was (Chevron Chemical Co., Houston, Texas) which contains similar percentages of C 16 -C 18 internal olefins, with 10% or less higher or lower olefins.
  • the results were compared to a high quality alkylbenzene product designated DF-100 (Shrieve Chemical Products, The Woodlands, Texas) which is currently accepted for use as a dielectric fluid.
  • DF-100 High Quality alkylbenzene product
  • Table 1 summarized in Table 1 below, along with recommended values taken from the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) Specification D1818, "Continuity of quality of electrical insulating oil for low-pressure cabie systems" which is considered an industry standard for dielectric fluids.
  • a dielectric fluid was prepared using the C 15 -C 18 olefin blend of Example 1.
  • the blend was filtered through a 5 micron filter to remove particulate matter.
  • the filtrate was then heated and nitrogen was bubbled through the heated filtrate to remove excess water from the filtrate until the water content was less than 30 ppm.
  • Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) was then added at 0.01% as an antioxidant to form the final product.
  • BHT Butylated hydroxy toluene
  • Boiling range 5% °F 515 ASTM D-1078 95% 693
  • the C 15 -Ci 8 olefin blend of Example 1 was tested for biodegradability in accordance with the methods set forth in OECD protocol 306 "Biodegradability in Seawater” (as adopted July 17, 1992). These methods use natural seawater, pretreated to remove coarse particles, as both the aqueous phase and as the source of microorganisms.
  • the OECD protocol measures the extent over time of the ultimate biodegradation or mineralization of the fluid (i.e., to final biodegradation products CO 2 , H 2 0). The measure of oxygen consumed is taken over time and the percentage biodegradation (% biodegradation) is determined by the following formula:
  • ThOD is the theoretical oxygen demand for ultimate degradation or mineralization of the substance.
  • OECD protocol 306 a substance is classified as “readily biodegradable” if it exhibits greater than 60% biodegradation in 28 days.
  • branched alkylbenzenes and the napthenic and paraffinic oils show a low level of biodegradability.
  • the C1 5 -C 18 olefin blend by contrast degrades by 80% in 28 days, clearly exceeding the criteria for a "readily biodegradable" substance under OECD 306.
  • the C1 5 -C 18 olefin blend of Example 1 exhibits low toxicity in a number of generally accepted methods for testing toxicity. In all methods, the blend exhibited low toxicity.
  • Acute toxicity studies were also performed using a C 15 -Ci 6 fractionated product of the C 15 -C ⁇ 8 internal olefin blend of Example 1. It is not expected that the small difference in structure between the C ⁇ 5 -C ⁇ 6 fraction and the C17-C18 components of the blend would lead to different toxic potentials.
  • the studies performed included acute oral and dermal toxicity tests in rats, eye and dermal irritation tests in rabbits, and skin sensitization studies in guinea pigs. Bacterial mutagenecity tests were also performed (Ames test and E. coli). The acute toxicity studies again showed that the compounds have low toxicity.
  • the effects of continuous pumping of the dielectric fluid of Example 2 was tested to determine the effects of the fluid on pump life and ensure compatibility with other components used in electrical cable pump systems, including seals, fittings, and piping.
  • a 9 gpm rotary helical screw pump, 10 gallon fluid reservoir and dissipation tube with cooling chamber were connected in a continuous loop.
  • Ten gallons of the dielectric fluid of Example 2 were introduced into the system and pumped through the loop at 225 psi, 9 gpm flow rate at 37 C.
  • the test was run over 10 days, with 40 stop/start cycles, which approximates a 10 year full scale.
  • the electric cable used was a high pressure 69 kV pipe-type cable manufactured by Phelps Dodge in 1952.
  • the cable consisted of a copper conductor wrapped in with paper insulating tape and impregnated with a mineral oil (approximately 75% paraffinic oil, 15% napthenic oil and 10% aromatic).
  • the cable was centered in an aluminum pipe and filled with the dielectric fluid of Example 2.
  • the cable was pressurized to 100 psi, and run at 60 C at two different voltages, the rated voltage of 40 kV and 60 kV (1.5 times rated voltage).
  • Table 6A The results of the aging test are summarized below in Table 6A.
  • the system was shut down after 120 days due to a power supply failure unrelated to the fluid. After approximately two weeks, it was brought back on line, but steady state power factor was not established for reasons as yet unclear.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des fluides diélectriques respectueux de l'environnement contenant des oléfines linéaires alpha ou linéaires internes C10-20 se prêtant à une utilisation comme fluide d'isolation dans des câbles de transmission électrique haute tension souterrains ou sous-marins. Ces fluides diélectriques présentent de bonnesropriétés physiques et électriques, une faible toxicité et sont biodégradables.
PCT/US1999/025986 1998-11-04 1999-11-04 Fluides dielectriques respectueux de l'environnement WO2000026925A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU21450/00A AU2145000A (en) 1998-11-04 1999-11-04 Environmentally friendly dielectric fluids

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10694098P 1998-11-04 1998-11-04
US60/106,940 1998-11-04
US43269299A 1999-11-03 1999-11-03
US09/432,692 1999-11-03

Publications (2)

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WO2000026925A1 true WO2000026925A1 (fr) 2000-05-11
WO2000026925A8 WO2000026925A8 (fr) 2001-03-01

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013101414A1 (fr) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Dow Global Technologies Llc Fluide diélectrique comprenant un oligomère à base de farnesène
WO2015142887A1 (fr) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-24 Novvi Llc Liquide diélectrique et liquide de refroidissement constitués d'huile de base d'origine biologique
US11208607B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2021-12-28 Novvi Llc Synthetic oligomer compositions and methods of manufacture
US11332690B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2022-05-17 Novvi Llc Base oils and methods of making the same
US11473028B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2022-10-18 Novvi Llc Base oils and methods of making the same

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4290926A (en) * 1976-03-24 1981-09-22 General Electric Company Non-halogenated impregnant for capacitors comprising an aromatic carboxylic acid ester and an alkene
DE3117317A1 (de) * 1980-09-16 1982-04-08 Emhart Industries Inc., Farmington, Conn. Elektrischer kondensator mit ungiftigem dielektrischen medium
EP0081248A1 (fr) * 1981-12-09 1983-06-15 Witco Chemical Corporation Mousse de remplissage de pétrolatum pour câble
EP0499359A1 (fr) * 1991-01-17 1992-08-19 Cooper Power Systems, Inc. Fluide diélectrique résistant au feu
EP0541007A1 (fr) * 1991-11-07 1993-05-12 Henkel KGaA Charge de remplissage
US5766517A (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-06-16 Cooper Industries, Inc. Dielectric fluid for use in power distribution equipment
WO1999019884A1 (fr) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-22 Electric Fluids L.L.C. Fluide dielectrique de qualite alimentaire

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4290926A (en) * 1976-03-24 1981-09-22 General Electric Company Non-halogenated impregnant for capacitors comprising an aromatic carboxylic acid ester and an alkene
DE3117317A1 (de) * 1980-09-16 1982-04-08 Emhart Industries Inc., Farmington, Conn. Elektrischer kondensator mit ungiftigem dielektrischen medium
EP0081248A1 (fr) * 1981-12-09 1983-06-15 Witco Chemical Corporation Mousse de remplissage de pétrolatum pour câble
EP0499359A1 (fr) * 1991-01-17 1992-08-19 Cooper Power Systems, Inc. Fluide diélectrique résistant au feu
EP0541007A1 (fr) * 1991-11-07 1993-05-12 Henkel KGaA Charge de remplissage
US5766517A (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-06-16 Cooper Industries, Inc. Dielectric fluid for use in power distribution equipment
WO1999019884A1 (fr) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-22 Electric Fluids L.L.C. Fluide dielectrique de qualite alimentaire

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013101414A1 (fr) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Dow Global Technologies Llc Fluide diélectrique comprenant un oligomère à base de farnesène
TWI549141B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2016-09-11 陶氏全球科技有限責任公司 具有以金合歡烯（ｆａｒｎｅｓｅｎｅ）為主之寡聚物的介電流體
US9490047B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2016-11-08 Dow Global Technologies Llc Dielectric fluid with farnesene-based oligomer
WO2015142887A1 (fr) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-24 Novvi Llc Liquide diélectrique et liquide de refroidissement constitués d'huile de base d'origine biologique
US10501670B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2019-12-10 Novvi Llc Dielectric fluid and coolant made with biobased base oil
US11208607B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2021-12-28 Novvi Llc Synthetic oligomer compositions and methods of manufacture
US11332690B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2022-05-17 Novvi Llc Base oils and methods of making the same
US11473028B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2022-10-18 Novvi Llc Base oils and methods of making the same

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