WO2000023943A1 - Dispositif d'identification sans fil, et dispositif rfid comportant un interrupteur poussoir marche/arret - Google Patents

Dispositif d'identification sans fil, et dispositif rfid comportant un interrupteur poussoir marche/arret Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000023943A1
WO2000023943A1 PCT/US1998/022333 US9822333W WO0023943A1 WO 2000023943 A1 WO2000023943 A1 WO 2000023943A1 US 9822333 W US9822333 W US 9822333W WO 0023943 A1 WO0023943 A1 WO 0023943A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuitry
switch
identification device
accordance
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/022333
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark E. Tuttle
Original Assignee
Micron Communications, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Micron Communications, Inc. filed Critical Micron Communications, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US1998/022333 priority Critical patent/WO2000023943A1/fr
Priority to AU98108/98A priority patent/AU9810898A/en
Publication of WO2000023943A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000023943A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radio frequency communication devices. More particularly, the invention relates to radio frequency identification devices for inventory control, object monitoring, determining the existence, location or movement of objects, or for remote automated payment.
  • an identification device may be provided with a unique identification code in order to distinguish between a number of different devices.
  • the devices are entirely passive (have no power supply), which results in a small and portable package.
  • identification systems are only capable of operation over a relatively short range, limited by the size of a magnetic field used to supply power to the devices and to communicate with the devices.
  • Another electronic identification system utilizes a large active transponder device affixed to an object to be monitored which receives a signal from an interrogator. The device receives the signal, then generates and transmits a responsive signal.
  • the interrogation signal and the responsive signal are typically radio-frequency (RF) signals produced by an RF transmitter circuit.
  • RF radio-frequency
  • Electronic identification systems can also be used for remote payment. For example, when a radio frequency identification device passes an interrogator at a toll booth, the toll booth can determine the identity of the radio frequency identification device, and thus of the owner of the device, and debit an account held by the owner for payment of toll or can receive a credit card number against which the toll can be charged. Similarly, remote payment is possible for a variety of other goods or services.
  • An electronic identification system which can be used as a radio frequency identification device, and various applications for such devices are described in detail in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/705,043, filed August 29, 1996, and incorporated herein by reference.
  • battery drain is an important issue.
  • the battery may be drained by spurious emissions of the radiation necessary to activate a radio frequency identification device.
  • a power conservation problem is posed by such implementations where batteries are used to supply power to the circuitry of the radio frequency identification device. If the circuitry operates continuously at full power, battery life will be short, and device will have to be frequently replaced. If the battery is permanently sealed in a housing, replacement of the battery will be difficult or impossible.
  • One reason for sealing the battery with the circuitry in a housing is to simplify the design and construction, to reduce the cost of production, and protect the electrical interconnections between devices. Another reason is protection of the battery and circuitry from moisture and contaminants.
  • a third reason is to enhance the cosmetic appeal of the device by eliminating the need for an access port or door otherwise necessary to insert and remove the battery. When the battery is discharged, the entire device is then discarded. It is therefore desirable in such embodiments applications to employ power conservation techniques in order to extend useful life.
  • a holder of an active or passive radio frequency identification device may want to prevent unwanted reading of the radio frequency identification device.
  • One potential problem with existing radio frequency identification devices, particularly those with large communication ranges, is that the holder of the device may not have control over when the device is being interrogated. There are times when the holder would want the device to be interrogated, such as to authorize payment. On the other hand, there are other times when the holder would not want the device to be interrogated. For example, if the device is interrogated to seek payment for a particular service, another service provider who is related to or has a marketing deal with the first service provider may seek to solicit business from the holder when the holder enters the premises of the second service provider. There may be sensitive information on the device, such as health information, address information, purchase histories, credit information, that the holder would not want to have accessed without knowledge or approval.
  • the invention provides a wireless identification device including a housing, and circuitry in the housing configured to provide a signal to identify the device in response to an interrogation signal.
  • a selectively actuated switch is supported by the housing and permits operation of the circuitry only while the switch is actuated.
  • the switch is a momentary switch.
  • One aspect of the invention provides a RFID device including a push button switch which, when pushed, allows the RFID device to become active until the switch is pushed again. The user of the device has control over when the RFID device responds to an interrogator.
  • the RFID device includes a wireless receiver, and the switch controls the receiver. In another aspect of the invention, pushing the switch toggles the receiver between being enabled and disabled.
  • the switch is a momentary switch which causes circuitry to latch a signal which enables the device.
  • the switch is pressed again the circuitry latches the device into a disabled or inactive mode.
  • One embodiment of the invention provides a radio frequency identification device comprising an integrated circuit including a receiver, a transmitter, and a microprocessor.
  • the integrated circuit is a monolithic single die single metal layer integrated circuit including the receiver, the transmitter, and the microprocessor.
  • the device of this embodiment includes an active transponder, instead of a transponder which relies on magnetic coupling for power, and therefore has a much greater range.
  • Circuitry is configured to provide a signal to identify the device in response to an interrogation signal.
  • the circuitry is coupled to a push-on/push-off switch supported by a housing.
  • the switch controls whether the circuitry provides the signal to identify the device.
  • the circuitry is encased in a housing such that the switch is actuable from outside the housing by touching a portion of the housing.
  • Fig. 1 is a high level circuit schematic showing an interrogator and a radio frequency identification device embodying the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of a housing, in the form of a badge or card, supporting the circuit of Fig. 1 according to one embodiment the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of a housing supporting the circuit of Fig. 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit schematic of an active radio frequency identification device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit schematic of a passive radio frequency identification device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational view, partly broken away, showing construction details of a switch included in the radio frequency identification device of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view showing construction details of the switch of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view showing construction details of the radio frequency identification device of Fig. 1 illustrating the location of the switch within the circuit, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a circuit schematic of the latch of Fig. 1 illustrating details of construction of a latch included in the circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a radio frequency data communication device 12 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • the radio frequency data communication device 12 includes RFID circuitry 16.
  • the RFID circuitry is defined by an integrated circuit as described in the above-incorporated patent application 08/705,043, filed August 29, 1996. Other embodiments are possible.
  • a power source 18 is connected to the integrated circuit 16 to supply power to the integrated circuit 16.
  • the power source 18 comprises a battery.
  • the power source 18 comprises a magnetic coil that receives power via magnetic coupling from an external reader as is known in the art; e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,113,184 to Katayama.
  • the device 12 further includes at least one antenna 14 connected to the circuitry 16 for radio frequency transmission and reception by the circuitry 16.
  • the device 12 transmits and receives radio frequency communications to and from an interrogator 26.
  • the interrogator unit 26 includes an antenna 28, as well as dedicated transmitting and receiving circuitry, similar to that implemented on the integrated circuit 16.
  • the interrogator 26 transmits an interrogation signal or command 27 via the antenna 28.
  • the device 12 receives the incoming interrogation signal via its antenna 14.
  • the device 12 responds by generating and transmitting a responsive signal or reply 29.
  • the responsive signal 29 typically includes information that uniquely identifies, or labels the particular device 12 that is transmitting, so as to identify any object or person with which the device 12 is associated.
  • the device 12 includes a selectively actuated switch 30.
  • the switch 30 is a push-on/push-off switch controlling whether the circuitry 16 provides the responsive signal to identify the device.
  • the switch 30 is a momentary, touch actuated switch. More particularly, the switch 30 is a momentary, pressure sensitive switch.
  • the devices 12 respectively communicate with the interrogator 26.
  • Multiple devices 12 can be used in the same field of an interrogator 26 (i.e., within communications range of an interrogator 26).
  • multiple interrogators 26 can be in proximity to one or more of the devices 12.
  • the radio frequency data communication device 12 can be included in any appropriate housing or packaging. Various methods of manufacturing housings are described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/800,037, filed February 13, 1997, and incorporated herein by reference.
  • Fig. 2 shows but one embodiment in the form of a card or badge 19 including the radio frequency data communication device 12, and a housing 11 including plastic or other suitable material.
  • the front face of the badge has visual identification features such as graphics, text, information found on identification or credit cards, etc.
  • the switch 30 is supported by the housing 11.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates but one alternative housing supporting the device 12. More particularly, Fig. 3 shows a miniature housing 20 encasing the device 12 to define a tag which can be supported by an object (e.g., hung from an object, affixed to an object, etc.). The switch 30 is supported by the housing 20 for this embodiment, as well.
  • a miniature housing 20 encasing the device 12 to define a tag which can be supported by an object (e.g., hung from an object, affixed to an object, etc.).
  • the switch 30 is supported by the housing 20 for this embodiment, as well.
  • the device 12 can be included in any appropriate housing.
  • the battery can take any suitable form.
  • the battery type will be selected depending on weight, size, and life requirements for a particular application.
  • the battery 18 is a thin profile button-type cell forming a small, thin energy cell more commonly utilized in watches and small electronic devices requiring a thin profile.
  • a conventional button-type cell has a pair of electrodes, an anode formed by one face and a cathode formed by an opposite face.
  • the power source 18 comprises a series connected pair of button type cells.
  • any suitable power source can be employed.
  • the circuitry 16 includes a modulator or backscatter transmitter and is configured to provide a signal responsive to an interrogation by the interrogator 26 other than by magnetic coupling.
  • the circuitry 16 includes an active wireless transponder.
  • the circuitry 16 includes a transponder that transmits other than via magnetic coupling and that receives its power other than via magnetic coupling.
  • the circuitry 16 includes power terminals 32 and 34, and the device further includes a battery 36 coupled to the circuitry 16, via the switch 30, supplying power to the circuitry 16.
  • the device 12 further includes a latch 37 coupled to the circuitry 16. The latch 37 toggles the circuitry 16 between being enabled and disabled.
  • the circuitry 16 may include volatile memory because the switch 30 does not disconnect the battery 36 from the circuitry 16.
  • the latch 37 comprises circuitry external of circuitry 16.
  • the latch 37 is included in the circuitry 16.
  • circuitry defining the latch 37 is added to the integrated circuit described in the above-incorporated U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/705,043.
  • the circuitry 16 further includes a backscatter transmitter and is configured to provide a responsive signal to the interrogator 26 by radio frequency. More particularly, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the circuitry 16 includes a transmitter, a receiver, and memory such as is described in above-incorporated U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/705,043. In another embodiment, the circuitry 16 is formed on a printed circuit board, and the switch 30 is added to the printed circuit board as a standard component (e.g., a conventional switch is employed for the switch 30). This will allow PC board RFID products to be activated as needed.
  • the switch 30 controls the receiver. More particularly, pushing the switch toggles the receiver between being enabled and disabled.
  • the circuitry 16 includes an input 39 for enabling or disabling the receiver included in the circuitry 16, and the latch 37 has an output 43 coupled to the input 39 of the circuitry 16, and an input 45.
  • the switch 30 is coupled between a voltage VDD and the input 45 of the latch 37.
  • the input 39 for enabling or disabling the receiver is an active low input RXEN.
  • the circuitry 16 further includes antenna terminals 38 and 40 for a first antenna 41, and antenna terminals 42 and 44 for a second antenna 46.
  • One of the antennas 41 and 46 is a send or transmit antenna, and the other of the antennas 41 and 46 is a receive antenna.
  • one of the antennas 41 and 46 is a dipole antenna, and the other of the antennas 41 and 46 is a loop antenna.
  • the dipole antenna is the send antenna
  • the loop antenna is the receive antenna.
  • both antennas 41 and 46 are loop antennas or both antennas 41 and 46 are dipole antennas.
  • a single antenna is used for both sending and receiving.
  • the device of Fig. 4 further includes a decoupling capacitor 48 coupled between the terminals 32 and 34.
  • the circuitry 16 is configured to provide a signal responsive to an interrogation by an interrogator by magnetic coupling.
  • the circuitry 16 includes an passive wireless transponder.
  • the circuitry 16 includes a transponder that transmits via magnetic coupling and that receives its power via magnetic coupling.
  • the circuitry 16 includes power terminals 50 and 52, and the device further includes a coil 54 coupled to the circuitry 16, via the switch 30, supplying power to the circuitry 16.
  • the switch 30 enables and disables the receiver included in the circuitry 16 as described above in connection with Fig. 4, like reference numerals indicating like components.
  • the device of Fig. 5 includes a latch 37 having an input and having an output coupled to a receiver enable input 39 of the circuitry 16.
  • the device of Fig. 5 further includes a switch 30 coupled between a voltage VDD and the input 45 of the latch 37.
  • the circuitry 16 includes non- volatile memory because the device of Fig. 5 loses power when not magnetically coupled to an interrogator.
  • the circuitry 16 further includes a transmitter and is configured to provide a responsive signal to an interrogator by magnetic coupling.
  • the circuitry 16 of Fig. 5 further includes terminals 56 and 58 for a coil 60 which is used for communications to and from an interrogator by magnetic coupling which power is received by coil 54. In alternative embodiments, separate coils are used for sending and receiving.
  • the device of Fig. 5 further includes a decoupling capacitor 48 coupled between the terminals 50 and 52.
  • a method of manufacturing a device 12 as shown in Figs. 2-4 will now be described, reference being made to Figs. 6-8.
  • the device 12 includes a housing defined in part by a substrate or layer of supportive material 62.
  • substrate as used herein refers to any supporting or supportive structure, including, but not limited to, a supportive single layer of material or multiple layer constructions.
  • the substrate 62 comprises a polyester film.
  • the polyester film is provided in a roll, using which a number of similar or identical devices are fabricated at the same time and in an assembly line manner.
  • one or more layers of ink are printed on an inner side of the polyester film facing (after assembly) the back of the device to convey information such as logos and/or company names.
  • Conductive ink 64 is formed or applied over the substrate 62 and over any ink.
  • the conductive ink 64 comprises PTF (polymer or printed thick film; e.g., a polymer filled with flecks of metal such as silver or copper).
  • PTF polymer or printed thick film; e.g., a polymer filled with flecks of metal such as silver or copper.
  • One manner of forming or applying the conductive ink on the substrate is to screen print the ink on the substrate through conventional screen printing techniques.
  • the conductive ink forms conductive traces for desired electrical connections with and between electronic components which will be described below.
  • the conductive ink is further used to define the antennas 41 and 46 (see Fig. 8).
  • the printing of conductive ink 64 can take place simultaneously for a number of the to-be-formed devices.
  • a gap 66 is provided along a trace of the conductive ink 64 to define spaced apart ends or terminals 68 and 70 (Figs. 6 and 7) for the switch 30.
  • the spaced apart terminals 68 and 70 cause an open circuit unless they are electrically coupled together.
  • Conductive epoxy 72 is applied over desired areas (Fig. 8) using a syringe dispenser to assist in component attachment described just below.
  • solder is employed instead of conductive epoxy.
  • the battery 36 is provided and mounted on each substrate 62 using the conductive epoxy.
  • the battery 36 is preferably a thin profile battery which includes first and second terminals. More particularly, the battery 36 has a lid or negative terminal, and a can or positive terminal. In an alternative embodiment, multiple batteries are provided (e.g., coupled together in series or parallel).
  • An integrated circuit defining the RFID circuitry 16 is provided and mounted on each of the substrates 62 using the conductive epoxy (e.g., picked and placed using surface mounting techniques). An exemplary and preferred integrated circuitry is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial 08/705,043 incorporated by reference above.
  • the capacitor 48 is similarly provided and mounted.
  • the device 12 includes a first or negative battery connection 74 and a second or positive battery connection 76 defined by PTF.
  • the first battery connection is coupled to the integrated circuit by the conductive epoxy
  • the second battery connection terminal is coupled to the integrated circuit by the conductive epoxy.
  • the battery 36 is placed lid down such that the conductive epoxy makes electrical contact between the negative terminal of the battery and a portion of the first battery connection
  • the battery has a perimetral edge which is disposed adjacent the second battery connection 76.
  • Conductive epoxy is dispensed relative to battery perimetral edge and electrically connects the perimetral edge with an adjacent arcuate portion of the second battery connection 76.
  • the perimetral edge defines the can of the battery, such that the conductive epoxy connects the positive terminal of the battery to the battery connection terminal 76.
  • the conductive epoxy is then cured.
  • encapsulating epoxy material is provided to encapsulate the substrates, to cover the integrated circuits and batteries, and conductive traces and to define a second housing portion. After application and curing of such epoxy, the a suitable separation or singulation process takes place if multiple devices were formed simultaneously.
  • an insulating ring 78 is placed over a certain portion of the PTF 64.
  • the insulating ring 78 has a periphery 80 and is positioned such that the periphery 80 circumscribes the ends 68 and 70 (see Fig. 7).
  • a diaphragm 82 having a periphery 84 corresponding in size and shape to the periphery 80 of the insulating ring 78 is placed over the insulating ring 78 such that the insulating ring spaces the diaphragm 82 from the ends 68 and 70.
  • the diaphragm 82 has a conductive face 86 facing the ends 68 and 70.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a possible location for the gap 66 and thus for the switch 30 within the electrical circuit.
  • the gap 66 is not provided along a battery connection. Instead, the embodiment of Fig. 8 is one to be used when the circuitry 16 does not employ non-volatile memory.
  • the switch is provided between pins of the circuitry 16 used to control a latch built into the circuitry 16.
  • the latch 37 comprises a JK flip-flop 89.
  • Flip-flops are known in the art, and are described, for example, in Digital Logic and Computer Design, by M. Morris Mano, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • a JK flip-flop has a J input 90, typically used to set the flip-flop, a K input 92, typically used to clear the flip-flop, a clock input 96 for receiving triggering clock pulses, a reset 98, and a Q output 100.
  • the Q output 100 is coupled to the input 39, RXEN, for enabling or disabling the receiver.
  • the J and K inputs 90 and 92 are tied together.
  • the J and K inputs 90 and 92, and the reset 98 are all tied to the voltage VDD.
  • the output of the flip-flop switches to its complement state on each clock pulse. That is, if the output Q was 1, it switches to 0, and vice-versa.
  • the switch 30 is coupled to the clock input 96.
  • the characteristic table for a JK flip-flop is as follows:
  • An exemplary JK flip-flop that can be used for the flip-flop 89 is a MC74HC73 integrated circuit.
  • the latch 37 further includes a RC network 102 coupled between the switch 30 and the clock input 96 to de- bounce the switch 30.
  • a T flip-flop is employed instead of JK flip-flop.
  • a T flip-flop is a single-input version of a JK flip-flop.
  • the design of a T flip-flop is analogous to a JK flip-flop with J and K inputs being tied together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un dispositif d'identification sans fil qui comprend les éléments suivants: un boîtier; un circuit disposé dans le boîtier et qui va envoyer un signal permettant d'identifier le dispositif en réponse à un signal d'interrogation; et un interrupteur actionné sélectivement qui est monté sur le boîtier et qui permet de contrôler si le circuit identifie le dispositif. Cette invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif d'identification sans fil, lequel procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: configurer le circuit de manière à envoyer un signal permettant d'identifier le dispositif en réponse à un signal d'interrogation; coupler le circuit à un interrupteur poussoir marche/arrêt monté sur le boîtier et contrôler que le circuit envoie le signal permettant d'identifier le dispositif; et enchâsser le circuit dans un boîtier de sorte que l'interrupteur puisse être actionné depuis l'extérieur dudit boîtier en touchant une partie de ce dernier.
PCT/US1998/022333 1998-10-21 1998-10-21 Dispositif d'identification sans fil, et dispositif rfid comportant un interrupteur poussoir marche/arret WO2000023943A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1998/022333 WO2000023943A1 (fr) 1998-10-21 1998-10-21 Dispositif d'identification sans fil, et dispositif rfid comportant un interrupteur poussoir marche/arret
AU98108/98A AU9810898A (en) 1998-10-21 1998-10-21 Wireless identification device, rfid device with push-on/push-off switch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1998/022333 WO2000023943A1 (fr) 1998-10-21 1998-10-21 Dispositif d'identification sans fil, et dispositif rfid comportant un interrupteur poussoir marche/arret

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000023943A1 true WO2000023943A1 (fr) 2000-04-27

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PCT/US1998/022333 WO2000023943A1 (fr) 1998-10-21 1998-10-21 Dispositif d'identification sans fil, et dispositif rfid comportant un interrupteur poussoir marche/arret

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AU (1) AU9810898A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000023943A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0562292A1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-29 Angewandte Digital Elektronik GmbH Carte à puce sans contact avec transmission à distance
DE19645083A1 (de) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-07 Austria Card Gmbh Kontaktlose Chipkarte mit Transponderspule

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0562292A1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-29 Angewandte Digital Elektronik GmbH Carte à puce sans contact avec transmission à distance
DE19645083A1 (de) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-07 Austria Card Gmbh Kontaktlose Chipkarte mit Transponderspule

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU9810898A (en) 2000-05-08

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