WO2000017671A1 - Connection scheme with common delay-line for delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors - Google Patents

Connection scheme with common delay-line for delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000017671A1
WO2000017671A1 PCT/HU1999/000065 HU9900065W WO0017671A1 WO 2000017671 A1 WO2000017671 A1 WO 2000017671A1 HU 9900065 W HU9900065 W HU 9900065W WO 0017671 A1 WO0017671 A1 WO 0017671A1
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hand
delay
time measuring
indirectly
line
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PCT/HU1999/000065
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French (fr)
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György MESSING
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Messing Gyoergy
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Priority to AU58781/99A priority Critical patent/AU5878199A/en
Publication of WO2000017671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000017671A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/17—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2921—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras
    • G01T1/2935—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras using ionisation detectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a connection scheme with common delay- line for the optimal setup of delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors in one dimension and in higher spatial dimensions.
  • the sensitive area of the detector consists of a number of sensitive elements. Any of these elements works as a sensor and has its own electronics, i.e. the number of sensitive elements is equal to the number of measurement channels. The output signal of one of the channels gives the position sensitivity. Measurements based on this method are described in details in Rev. Sci. Instr. Rev. Vol. 66, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 2295-2299 (M.S. Capel, et al.) and in J.E.E.E. Trans. On Nuclear Sciences, Vol. 42. pp. 541-547 (G.C.
  • the second method converts the position of a detection event to a voltage or time difference.
  • a method based on the measurement of voltage (pulse amplitude) proportions is described by R. Hopkins, D.F.R. Mildner, et al. in Nucl.
  • Such detectors contain preferably an anode wire or anode wires and for each spatial dimension (i.e. in one, two or three dimensions) a delay-line or_a delay-line bundle, which is/are preferably the cathode/cathodes.
  • the anode and the cathode can be interchanged with no change induced in the underlying concept of the invention.
  • the object of the invention is hence a connection scheme with common external delay-line for the optimal setup of delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors.
  • an amplified right- hand-side signal, coming directly or indirectly from a right-hand-side amplifier connected directly or indirectly to the one end of the delay-line electrode is led directly or indirectly to the one input of a right-hand-side time measuring unit
  • amplified signal coming directly or indirectly from a non delay-line electrode is led directly or indirectly to the input of a common delay-line and a common delayed signal from the output of the common delay-line is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring unit
  • an amplified left-hand-side signal, coming directly or indirectly from a left-hand-side amplifier connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrode is led to the one input of a left-hand-side time measuring unit
  • the common delayed signal coming from the output of the common delay-line is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the left-hand-side time measuring unit, wherein intermediate right- hand-side result appearing on the output of the
  • connection scheme of the present invention for measurements performed in more than one dimensions further amplified right-hand-side signals associated with various spatial dimensions, coming directly or indirectly from respective right-hand-side amplifiers connected directly or indirectly to one end of respective delay-line electrodes, are led to the one input of respective right-hand-side time measuring units, and further amplified left-hand-side signals associated with various spatial dimensions, coming directly or indirectly from respective left-hand-side amplifiers connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrodes, are led directly or indirectly to the one input of respective left-hand-side time measuring units, and furthermore, the common delayed signal is led directly or indirectly also to the other inputs of the right-hand-side time measuring units and left-hand-side time measuring units, wherein intermediate right-hand-side results appearing on the output of the respective right-hand-side time measuring units and intermediate left- hand-side results appearing on the output of the respective left-hand-side time measuring units are stored.
  • each of the further right-hand-side and left-hand-side time measuring units have a single input, wherein the input signal of each of the right-hand-side time measuring units is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal and the respective amplified right-hand-side signal, and wherein the input signal of each of the left-hand-side time measuring units is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal and the respective amplified left-hand-side signal.
  • Figure 1 shows a connection scheme broadly used for detection; and Figure 2 represents the connection scheme according to the present invention used for detection in one dimension and in higher spatial dimensions.
  • Figure 1 shows a connection scheme broadly used for detection; and Figure 2 represents the connection scheme according to the present invention used for detection in one dimension and in higher spatial dimensions.
  • an ionizing process takes place in the gas surrounding high- voltage electrode 1 , preferably the anode, and photoelectrons B are created.
  • the photoelectrons B are accelerated towards delay-line electrode 2.
  • the delay-iine electrode 2 of Figure 1 is either a delay-line itself or is connected to a delay-line.
  • time measuring unit 6 preferably a time-to-digital converter, measures only absolute time differences (although the time difference between the right-hand-side and the left-hand-side signals C and D, respectively, can be either positive or negative), one of the signals, say the left-hand-side signal D, is led first to the input of a delay-line 5, as can be seen in Figure 1 , then delayed signal E coming from the output of the delay-line 5 and the right-hand-side signal C coming from the output of the right-hand-side amplifier 3 are connected to the input of the time measuring unit 6.
  • the length of the delay-line 5 is chosen properly, it can be reached that always the right-hand-side signal C reaches the time measuring unit 6 at first, regardless of the place of impact of the ionizing particle A. This means that result F of the measurement has always positive sign.
  • the length of the delay-line 5 is suitably adjustable in order that measuring range of the time measuring unit 6 could be optimally used up after the proper adjustment.
  • the result F obtained with using a connection scheme sketched in Figure 1 which is used quite frequently nowadays, includes the non-exterminable dynamic error (skew) of the delay-line 5.
  • connection scheme widely used nowadays in more than one spatial dimensions
  • additional elements included to make the connection scheme suitable for performing measurements in two spatial dimensions are also shown in Figure 1.
  • the processes in higher spatial dimensions are similar to the one-dimensional case, that is, as a result of the photoelectrons B reaching delay-line electrode 2a representing the second spatial dimension, an electric signal forms and then moves off in both directions along the delay-line electrode 2a towards the ends thereof.
  • the signals are amplified by right-hand-side amplifier 3a and left-hand-side amplifier 4a.
  • the output of the right-hand-side amplifier 3a and the left-hand-side amplifier 4a is an amplified right-hand-side signal Ca and an amplified left-hand-side signal Da, respectively.
  • Time measuring unit 6a preferably a second time-to-digital converter, for performing measurements in the second spatial dimension measures the time difference between the right-hand-side signal Ca and a delayed signal Ea delayed by a second delay-line 5a, similar to the delay-line 5 used in the first spatial dimension, as it is shown in Figure 1.
  • Result Fa includes again the non- exterminable dynamic error (skew) associated with delay-line 5a.
  • the connection scheme of Figure 1 has a great disadvantage, namely, there is the non-exterminable dynamic error (skew) associated with each delay-line 5 and 5a, i.e. in every spatial dimension in which a measurement is performed.
  • connection scheme sketched in Figure 1 can be observed by high impact rates, when it might happen, that (considering now only a one-dimensional scheme for the sake of simplicity) the right-hand-side signal C representing the impact of a given particle appears, but the delayed signal E represents not the same but a previous impact. If so, result F is totally false. This is, however, a hidden error which cannot be realized by the person carrying out the false measurement.
  • connection scheme according to the present invention- is shown for measuring purposes in one spatial dimension and in higher (up to n) spatial dimensions.
  • the electric signal G is led to the input of an amplifier 13.
  • the output of the amplifier 13 is an amplified signal H.
  • the amplified signal H is led then directly or indirectly to the input of an external common delay- line 14, which delays the amplified signal H by a certain amount of delay-time t Cl and generates common delayed signal J on its output.
  • amplified right-hand-side signal M is connected directly or indirectly to the one input of a right-hand-side time measuring unit 15, which is preferably a time-to-digital converter
  • the common delayed signal J is connected directly or indirectly to the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring unit 15.
  • amplified left-hand-side signal N is connected directly or indirectly to the one input of a left-hand-side time measuring unit 16, which is preferably also a time-to-digital converter
  • the common delayed signal J is connected directly or indirectly also to the other input of the left-hand- side time measuring unit 16.
  • the value of the delay-time t c is adjusted preferably so that the common delayed signal J be the last amongst signals reaching the inputs of the time measuring units 15 and 16.
  • intermediate right-hand-side result K appearing on the output of the right-hand- side time measuring unit 15 and intermediate left-hand-side result L appearing on the output of the left-hand-side time measuring unit 16 are stored for future usage.
  • additional elements included to make the connection scheme suitable for performing measurements in n different spatial dimensions are also shown in Figure 2. Nevertheless, the processes taken place in higher spatial dimensions are similar to the one-dimensional case. Therefore, it can be seen from Figure 2, that any further right-hand-side amplified signals Ma,...
  • each of the right-hand-side and the left-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a,... ,15n and 16, 16a,... ,16n, respectively, associated with the different spatial dimensions involved (from 1 to n) has a single input, wherein the input signal of each of the right-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a,... ,15n is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal J and the respective amplified right-hand-side signal M, Ma,... ,Mn, and wherein the input signal of each of the left-hand-side time measuring units 16, 16a, ... ,16n is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal J and the respective amplified left-hand-side signal N, Na,... ,Nn.
  • connection scheme of the present invention is the electric signal G formed on the non delay-line electrode 7 and appearing with no significant delay, i.e. practically immediately, at the input of the amplifier 13, that is delayed and exploited in measurements of time differences in each of the various spatial dimensions involved (from 1 to n). Furthermore, this signal after an amplification gives the real time of the impact of the ionizing particle A.
  • Time t b between the amplified signal H and the left-hand-side signal N is proportional to the distance of the place of impact measured from the left end of the delay-line electrode 8.
  • the intermediate left-hand-side result L measured on the output of the left- hand-side time measuring unit 16 is the value of (t c -t b ), i.e. the time elapsed between amplified left-hand-side signal N and common delayed signal J.
  • the length of common delay-line 14 is chosen so, that the amplified left- hand-side signal N always reaches the input of the left-hand-side time measuring unit 16 earlier than the common delayed signal J coming directly or indirectly from the output of the common delay-line 14.
  • Time tj between the amplified signal H and the amplified right-hand-side signal M is proportional to the distance of the place of impact measured from the right end of delay-line electrode 8.
  • the intermediate right-hand-side result K measured on the output of the right-hand-side time measuring unit 15 is the value of (t c -t j ), i.e. the time elapsed between amplified right-hand-side signal M and common delayed signal J.
  • a further advantage is, that one can form the value of t b +t j , which corresponds to the whole length of the delay-line electrode 8 and as such has to be constant. By comparing the results to this value false measurements appearing at high impact rates or by any other hazardous influences can be easily filtered out. By dynamic change from measurement to measurement of the common delay value error caused by dynamic nonlinearity of the time measuring units 15 and 16 can be decreased.
  • the amplified right-hand-side signals M, Ma,... ,Mn and the amplified left- hand-side signals N, Na,... ,Nn form the one input, and the common delayed signal J forms the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a 15n and the left-hand-side time measuring units 16, 16a,... ,16n.
  • the dynamic error (skew) of the common delay-line 14 is eliminated. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the present connection scheme can be modified by placing various electronic devices (eg. amplifiers) into the way of electronic signals without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

According to the present connection scheme an amplified right-hand-side signal (M), coming directly or indirectly from the right-hand-side amplifier (9) connected directly or indirectly to the one end of the delay-line electrode (8), is led directly or indirectly to the one input of a right-hand-side time measuring unit (15), and amplified signal (H) coming directly or indirectly from a non delay-line electrode (7) is led directly or indirectly to the input of a common delay-line (14), and common delayed signal (J) from the output of the common delay-line (14) is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring unit (15), and an amplified left-hand-side signal (N), coming directly or indirectly from the left-hand-side amplifier (10) connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrode (8), is led to the one input of a left-hand-side time measuring unit (16), and the common delayed signal (J) from the output of the common delay-line (14) is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the left-hand-side time measuring unit (16), wherein intermediate right-hand-side result (K) appearing on the output of the right-hand-side time measuring unit (15) and intermediate left-hand-side result (L) appearing on the output of the left-hand-side time measuring unit (16) are stored.

Description

CONNECTION SCHEME WITH COMMON DELAY-LINE FOR DELAY-LINE TYPE POSITION SENSITIVE NUCLEAR DETECTORS
The present invention relates to a connection scheme with common delay- line for the optimal setup of delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors in one dimension and in higher spatial dimensions.
Nowadays, two principal solutions exist for position sensitive detection.
By the first, the sensitive area of the detector consists of a number of sensitive elements. Any of these elements works as a sensor and has its own electronics, i.e. the number of sensitive elements is equal to the number of measurement channels. The output signal of one of the channels gives the position sensitivity. Measurements based on this method are described in details in Rev. Sci. Instr. Rev. Vol. 66, No. 2, February 1995, pp. 2295-2299 (M.S. Capel, et al.) and in J.E.E.E. Trans. On Nuclear Sciences, Vol. 42. pp. 541-547 (G.C.
Schmith and B. Yo). The second method converts the position of a detection event to a voltage or time difference. A method based on the measurement of voltage (pulse amplitude) proportions is described by R. Berliner, D.F.R. Mildner, et al. in Nucl.
Instr. and Methods, Vol. 185, (1981 ) pp. 481-495. The authors A.Y. Kirschbaum and R. Michaelsen have published (Berichte des Hahn-Meitner Instituts, H.M.J.-B. (1998) p. 552) a method where the position of detection on the sensitive area is converted to a time delay. The aim of the present invention is to develop a new promising connection scheme which can be used in this latter method.
Such detectors contain preferably an anode wire or anode wires and for each spatial dimension (i.e. in one, two or three dimensions) a delay-line or_a delay-line bundle, which is/are preferably the cathode/cathodes. The anode and the cathode, however, can be interchanged with no change induced in the underlying concept of the invention.
The object of the invention is hence a connection scheme with common external delay-line for the optimal setup of delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors.
In a possible embodiment of the connection scheme of the present invention applied for one dimensional measuring purposes, an amplified right- hand-side signal, coming directly or indirectly from a right-hand-side amplifier connected directly or indirectly to the one end of the delay-line electrode, is led directly or indirectly to the one input of a right-hand-side time measuring unit, and amplified signal coming directly or indirectly from a non delay-line electrode is led directly or indirectly to the input of a common delay-line and a common delayed signal from the output of the common delay-line is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring unit, an amplified left-hand-side signal, coming directly or indirectly from a left-hand-side amplifier connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrode, is led to the one input of a left-hand-side time measuring unit, and the common delayed signal coming from the output of the common delay-line is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the left-hand-side time measuring unit, wherein intermediate right- hand-side result appearing on the output of the right-hand-side time measuring unit and intermediate left-hand-side result appearing on the output of the left- hand-side time measuring unit are stored.
In a possible embodiment of the connection scheme of the present invention for measurements performed in more than one dimensions further amplified right-hand-side signals associated with various spatial dimensions, coming directly or indirectly from respective right-hand-side amplifiers connected directly or indirectly to one end of respective delay-line electrodes, are led to the one input of respective right-hand-side time measuring units, and further amplified left-hand-side signals associated with various spatial dimensions, coming directly or indirectly from respective left-hand-side amplifiers connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrodes, are led directly or indirectly to the one input of respective left-hand-side time measuring units, and furthermore, the common delayed signal is led directly or indirectly also to the other inputs of the right-hand-side time measuring units and left-hand-side time measuring units, wherein intermediate right-hand-side results appearing on the output of the respective right-hand-side time measuring units and intermediate left- hand-side results appearing on the output of the respective left-hand-side time measuring units are stored. Furthermore, the right-hand-side and the left-hand-side time measuring units, and in more than one spatial dimensions each of the further right-hand-side and left-hand-side time measuring units have a single input, wherein the input signal of each of the right-hand-side time measuring units is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal and the respective amplified right-hand-side signal, and wherein the input signal of each of the left-hand-side time measuring units is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal and the respective amplified left-hand-side signal.
For a further understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 shows a connection scheme broadly used for detection; and Figure 2 represents the connection scheme according to the present invention used for detection in one dimension and in higher spatial dimensions. As can be seen from Figure 1 , as a result of an impact of ionizing particle A on the detector an ionizing process takes place in the gas surrounding high- voltage electrode 1 , preferably the anode, and photoelectrons B are created. As a consequence of anode high-voltage, the photoelectrons B are accelerated towards delay-line electrode 2. The delay-iine electrode 2 of Figure 1 is either a delay-line itself or is connected to a delay-line. In the vicinity of the delay-line electrode 2 a Townsend avalance occurs and provides a large amplification, due to which an electric signal appears on the delay-line electrode 2 at the place of impact. This electric signal then moves off in both directions along the delay-line electrode 2 towards the ends thereof. Right-hand-side amplifier 3 and left-hand-side amplifier 4 pick up the signals at the ends of the delay-line electrode 2 and amplifies them. By measuring the time elapsed between amplified right-hand-side and amplified left-hand-side signals C and D, respectively, one can get a value proportional to the place of impact of the ionizing particle A. As the time measuring unit 6, preferably a time-to-digital converter, measures only absolute time differences (although the time difference between the right-hand-side and the left-hand-side signals C and D, respectively, can be either positive or negative), one of the signals, say the left-hand-side signal D, is led first to the input of a delay-line 5, as can be seen in Figure 1 , then delayed signal E coming from the output of the delay-line 5 and the right-hand-side signal C coming from the output of the right-hand-side amplifier 3 are connected to the input of the time measuring unit 6.
If the length of the delay-line 5 is chosen properly, it can be reached that always the right-hand-side signal C reaches the time measuring unit 6 at first, regardless of the place of impact of the ionizing particle A. This means that result F of the measurement has always positive sign. The length of the delay-line 5 is suitably adjustable in order that measuring range of the time measuring unit 6 could be optimally used up after the proper adjustment. We note, however, that the result F obtained with using a connection scheme sketched in Figure 1 , which is used quite frequently nowadays, includes the non-exterminable dynamic error (skew) of the delay-line 5.
To illustrate a connection scheme widely used nowadays in more than one spatial dimensions, additional elements included to make the connection scheme suitable for performing measurements in two spatial dimensions are also shown in Figure 1. Nevertheless, the processes in higher spatial dimensions are similar to the one-dimensional case, that is, as a result of the photoelectrons B reaching delay-line electrode 2a representing the second spatial dimension, an electric signal forms and then moves off in both directions along the delay-line electrode 2a towards the ends thereof. The signals are amplified by right-hand-side amplifier 3a and left-hand-side amplifier 4a. The output of the right-hand-side amplifier 3a and the left-hand-side amplifier 4a is an amplified right-hand-side signal Ca and an amplified left-hand-side signal Da, respectively.
Time measuring unit 6a, preferably a second time-to-digital converter, for performing measurements in the second spatial dimension measures the time difference between the right-hand-side signal Ca and a delayed signal Ea delayed by a second delay-line 5a, similar to the delay-line 5 used in the first spatial dimension, as it is shown in Figure 1. Result Fa includes again the non- exterminable dynamic error (skew) associated with delay-line 5a. As a summary it can be said that the connection scheme of Figure 1 has a great disadvantage, namely, there is the non-exterminable dynamic error (skew) associated with each delay-line 5 and 5a, i.e. in every spatial dimension in which a measurement is performed. These dynamical errors increase further the overall error of the measurement and hence decrease the spatial resolution of the detector.
A further disadvantage of the connection scheme sketched in Figure 1 can be observed by high impact rates, when it might happen, that (considering now only a one-dimensional scheme for the sake of simplicity) the right-hand-side signal C representing the impact of a given particle appears, but the delayed signal E represents not the same but a previous impact. If so, result F is totally false. This is, however, a hidden error which cannot be realized by the person carrying out the false measurement.
In Figure 2 a connection scheme according to the present invention-is shown for measuring purposes in one spatial dimension and in higher (up to n) spatial dimensions.
From Figure 2 it can be seen, that as a result of an ionizing particle A an electric signal G appears immediately on non delay-line electrode 7, and at the same time an electric signal forms on delay-line electrode 8 at the place of impact. This latter signal then moves off in both directions along the delay-line electrode 8 towards the ends thereof. Right-hand-side amplifier 9 and left-hand-side amplifier 10 pick up the signals at the ends of the delay-line electrode 8 and amplifies them. The output of the right-hand-side amplifier 9 and the output of the left-hand-side amplifier 10 are an amplified right-hand-side signal M and an amplified left-hand- side signal N, respectively.
The electric signal G is led to the input of an amplifier 13. The output of the amplifier 13 is an amplified signal H. As it can be seen in Figure 2, the amplified signal H is led then directly or indirectly to the input of an external common delay- line 14, which delays the amplified signal H by a certain amount of delay-time tCl and generates common delayed signal J on its output.
From the connection scheme of the present invention shown in Figure 2, one can see that amplified right-hand-side signal M is connected directly or indirectly to the one input of a right-hand-side time measuring unit 15, which is preferably a time-to-digital converter, and the common delayed signal J is connected directly or indirectly to the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring unit 15. Furthermore, amplified left-hand-side signal N is connected directly or indirectly to the one input of a left-hand-side time measuring unit 16, which is preferably also a time-to-digital converter, and the common delayed signal J is connected directly or indirectly also to the other input of the left-hand- side time measuring unit 16. The value of the delay-time tc is adjusted preferably so that the common delayed signal J be the last amongst signals reaching the inputs of the time measuring units 15 and 16. In the present connection scheme intermediate right-hand-side result K appearing on the output of the right-hand- side time measuring unit 15 and intermediate left-hand-side result L appearing on the output of the left-hand-side time measuring unit 16 are stored for future usage. To illustrate a connection scheme according to the present invention in more than one dimensions, additional elements included to make the connection scheme suitable for performing measurements in n different spatial dimensions are also shown in Figure 2. Nevertheless, the processes taken place in higher spatial dimensions are similar to the one-dimensional case. Therefore, it can be seen from Figure 2, that any further right-hand-side amplified signals Ma,... ,Mn associated with various spatial dimensions a,...,n, respectively, coming directly or indirectly from respective right-hand-side amplifiers 9a,... ,9n connected directly or indirectly to one (eg. right) end of respective delay-line electrodes 8a,... ,8n, are led directly or indirectly to the one input of respective right-hand-side time measuring units 15a,... ,15n, preferably time-to-digital converters. Furthermore, any further left-hand-side amplified signals Na,... ,Nn associated with further various spatial dimensions a,...,n, respectively, coming directly or indirectly from respective left-hand-side amplifiers 10a,... ,1 On connected directly or indirectly to other (left) end of delay-line electrodes 8a,... , 8n, are led directly or indirectly to the one input of respective left-hand-side time measuring units 16a,... ,16n, preferably time-to-digital converters. At the same time, common delayed signal J coming directly or indirectly from the common delay-line 14 is led directly or indirectly to the other input of each of right-hand-side time measuring units 15a,... ,15n and left-hand-side time measuring units 16a, ... ,16n. In the present connection scheme intermediate right-hand-side results K, Ka,... ,Kn appearing on the output of the right-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a,... ,15n and intermediate left-hand- side results L, La,... ,Ln appearing on the output of the left-hand-side time measuring units 16, 16a,... ,16n are stored for future usage.
Alternatively, each of the right-hand-side and the left-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a,... ,15n and 16, 16a,... ,16n, respectively, associated with the different spatial dimensions involved (from 1 to n) has a single input, wherein the input signal of each of the right-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a,... ,15n is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal J and the respective amplified right-hand-side signal M, Ma,... ,Mn, and wherein the input signal of each of the left-hand-side time measuring units 16, 16a, ... ,16n is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal J and the respective amplified left-hand-side signal N, Na,... ,Nn.
The basic idea behind the connection scheme of the present invention is that it is the electric signal G formed on the non delay-line electrode 7 and appearing with no significant delay, i.e. practically immediately, at the input of the amplifier 13, that is delayed and exploited in measurements of time differences in each of the various spatial dimensions involved (from 1 to n). Furthermore, this signal after an amplification gives the real time of the impact of the ionizing particle A.
Time tb between the amplified signal H and the left-hand-side signal N is proportional to the distance of the place of impact measured from the left end of the delay-line electrode 8.
The intermediate left-hand-side result L measured on the output of the left- hand-side time measuring unit 16 is the value of (tc-tb), i.e. the time elapsed between amplified left-hand-side signal N and common delayed signal J. The length of common delay-line 14 is chosen so, that the amplified left- hand-side signal N always reaches the input of the left-hand-side time measuring unit 16 earlier than the common delayed signal J coming directly or indirectly from the output of the common delay-line 14. Time tj between the amplified signal H and the amplified right-hand-side signal M is proportional to the distance of the place of impact measured from the right end of delay-line electrode 8.
The intermediate right-hand-side result K measured on the output of the right-hand-side time measuring unit 15 is the value of (tc-tj), i.e. the time elapsed between amplified right-hand-side signal M and common delayed signal J.
Advantages of the connection scheme of the present inventions are the following:
- If one forms the difference of the intermediate left-hand-side result L and intermediate right-hand side result K, i.e. the value of (tc-tb) - (tc-tj), then the value of the common delay, i.e. the delay-time tc, is eliminated and only the value of tb-tj remains, which is just twice the time distance of the impact measured from the middle of the detector. As delay-time tc includes the dynamic error (skew) of the common delay-line 14, using the present connection scheme the dynamic error is eliminated from the final results of the measurement.
- A further advantage is, that one can form the value of tb+tj, which corresponds to the whole length of the delay-line electrode 8 and as such has to be constant. By comparing the results to this value false measurements appearing at high impact rates or by any other hazardous influences can be easily filtered out. By dynamic change from measurement to measurement of the common delay value error caused by dynamic nonlinearity of the time measuring units 15 and 16 can be decreased.
In case of a higher dimensional detection process the situation is similar, but on the one hand, besides the right-hand-side amplifier 9 and the left-hand-side amplifier 10, further right-hand-side amplifiers 9a, ... , 9n and further left-hand-side amplifiers 10a, ... , 1 On, and on the other hand, besides the right-hand-side measuring unit 15 and the left-hand-side time measuring unit 16 further right- hand-side time measuring units 15a, ... ,15n and further left-hand-side time measuring units 16a,... ,16n are incorporated into the connection scheme, one for each spatial dimension.
The amplified right-hand-side signals M, Ma,... ,Mn and the amplified left- hand-side signals N, Na,... ,Nn form the one input, and the common delayed signal J forms the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring units 15, 15a 15n and the left-hand-side time measuring units 16, 16a,... ,16n. After calculating the differences of K-L, Ka-La,... ,Kn-Ln, where K, Ka,... ,Kn and L, La,... ,Ln represent intermediate right-hand-side and intermediate left-hand-side results, respectively, the dynamic error (skew) of the common delay-line 14 is eliminated. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the present connection scheme can be modified by placing various electronic devices (eg. amplifiers) into the way of electronic signals without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
LlST OF REFERENCE
1 high-voltage electrode delay-line electrode a delay-line electrode
3 right-hand-side amplifier 3a right-hand-side amplifier left-hand-side amplifier 4a left-hand-side amplifier
5 delay-line 5a delay-line
6 time measuring unit 6a time measuring unit
7 non delay-line electrode
8 delay-line electrode 8a,... ,8n delay-line electrodes
9 right-hand-side amplifier 9a, ... , 9n right-hand-side amplifiers
10 left-hand-side amplifier 10a,... ,10n left-hand-side amplifiers
13 amplifier
14 common delay-line
15 right-hand-side time measuring unit
15a, ... , 15n right-hand-side time measuring units
16 left-hand-side time measuring unit
16a, ... , 16n left-hand-side time measuring units
A ionizing particle
B photoelectrons
C right-hand-side signal Ca right-hand-side signal
D left-hand-side signal
Da left-hand-side signal
E delayed signal
Ea delayed signal
F result
Fa result
G electric signal
H amplified signal
J common delayed signal
K intermediate right-hand-side result a,... ,π spatial dimensions (above one)
Ka,. .. ,Kn intermediate right-hand-side results
L intermediate left-hand-side result
La, . .. ,Ln intermediate left-hand-side results
M amplified right-hand-side signal
Ma, ... ,Mn amplified right-hand-side signals
N amplified left-hand-side signal
Na,. .. ,Nn amplified left-hand-side signals t time tc delay-time t, time

Claims

1. Connection scheme with common delay-line for the optimal setup of delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors, comprising of at least one delay-line electrode, at least one right-hand-side and left-hand-side amplifier, "at least one delay-line and at least one time measuring unit characterized in that an amplified right-hand-side signal (M), coming directly or indirectly from the right- hand-side amplifier (9) connected directly or indirectly to the one end of the delay- line electrode (8), is led directly or indirectly to the one input of a right-hand-side time measuring unit (15), and amplified signal (H) coming directly or indirectly from a non delay-line electrode (7) is led directly or indirectly to the input of a common delay-line (14), and common delayed signal (J) from the output of the common delay-line (14) is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the right-hand-side time measuring unit (15), and an amplified left-hand-side signal (N), coming directly or indirectly from the left-hand-side amplifier (10) connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrode (8), is led to the one input of a left-hand-side time measuring unit (16), and the common delayed signal (J) from the output of the common delay-line (14) is led directly or indirectly to the other input of the left-hand-side time measuring unit (16), wherein intermediate right- hand-side result (K) appearing on the output of the right-hand-side time measuring unit (15) and intermediate left-hand-side result (L) appearing on the output of the left-hand-side time measuring unit (16) are stored.
2. Connection scheme according to Claim 1 characterized in that for measurements performed in more than one dimensions, further amplified right- hand-side signals (Ma,... ,Mn) associated with various spatial dimensions (a,...,n), respectively, coming directly or indirectly from respective right-hand-side amplifiers (9a,... , 9n) connected directly or indirectly to one end of respective delay-line electrodes (8a,... , 8n), are led to the one input of respective right-hand- side time measuring units (15a,... ,15n), and further amplified left-hand-side signals (Na,... ,Nn) associated with the various spatial dimensions (a,...,n), respectively, coming directly or indirectly from respective left-hand-side amplifiers (10a, ... ,10n) connected directly or indirectly to the other end of the delay-line electrodes (8a,... ,8n), are led directly or indirectly to the one input of respective left-hand-side time measuring units (16a,... ,16n), and furthermore, the common delayed signal (J) is led directly or indirectly also to the other inputs of the right- hand-side time measuring units (15a,... ,15n) and left-hand-side time measuring units (16a,... ,16n), wherein intermediate right-hand-side results (K, Ka,... ,Kn) appearing on the output of the respective right-hand-side time measuring units (15, 15a,... ,15n) and intermediate left-hand-side results (L, La,... ,Ln) appearing on the output of the respective left-hand-side time measuring units (16, 16a,... ,16n) are stored.
3. Connection scheme according to Claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the right-hand-side time measuring unit (15) and the left-hand-side time measuring unit (16), and in more than one spatial dimensions (a,... ,n) each of the further right-hand-side time measuring units (15a,... ,15n) and each of the further left- hand-side time measuring units (16a,... ,16n) have a single input, wherein the input signal of each of the right-hand-side time measuring units (15, 15a,... ,15n) is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal (J) and the respective amplified right-hand-side signal (M, Ma,... ,Mn), and wherein the input signal of each of the left-hand-side time measuring units (16, 16a,... ,16n) is a logical OR function of the common delayed signal (J) and the respective amplified left-hand-side signal (N, Na,... ,Nn).
PCT/HU1999/000065 1998-09-23 1999-09-23 Connection scheme with common delay-line for delay-line type position sensitive nuclear detectors WO2000017671A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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HU9802136A HU220579B1 (en) 1998-09-23 1998-09-23 Circuit arrangement for optimal adjustment of position sensitive nuclear detectors with a common delay line
HUP9802136 1998-09-23

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603797A (en) * 1970-03-10 1971-09-07 Atomic Energy Commission Two-dimensional position-sensitive radiation detector
US4019057A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-04-19 Institut Pasteur Device for determining the spatial distribution of radioactivity within an object
WO1981002637A1 (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-09-17 Univ Rockefeller A simple electronic apparatus for the analysis of radioactively labeled gel electrophoretograms

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603797A (en) * 1970-03-10 1971-09-07 Atomic Energy Commission Two-dimensional position-sensitive radiation detector
US4019057A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-04-19 Institut Pasteur Device for determining the spatial distribution of radioactivity within an object
US4019057B1 (en) * 1974-04-25 1984-11-20
WO1981002637A1 (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-09-17 Univ Rockefeller A simple electronic apparatus for the analysis of radioactively labeled gel electrophoretograms

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
R. BERLINER, ET AL: "A large area position sensitive neutron detector", NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH, vol. 185, no. 1-3, 15 June 1981 (1981-06-15), The Netherlands, pages 481 - 495, XP000861549 *

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HU220579B1 (en) 2002-03-28

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