WO2000009288A1 - Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture - Google Patents
Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000009288A1 WO2000009288A1 PCT/US1998/016974 US9816974W WO0009288A1 WO 2000009288 A1 WO2000009288 A1 WO 2000009288A1 US 9816974 W US9816974 W US 9816974W WO 0009288 A1 WO0009288 A1 WO 0009288A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refiner
- blades
- bar set
- blade
- clusters
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/20—Methods of refining
- D21D1/30—Disc mills
- D21D1/306—Discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
- B02C7/11—Details
- B02C7/12—Shape or construction of discs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to refiner plates for papermaking and refining of lignocellulosic and other natural and synthetic fibrous materials in the manufacture of paper, paperboard, and fiberboard products.
- the invention relates to replacable refiner fillings and to method of manufacture.
- the working surface of the refiner plate consists of clusters of parallel bars and grooves.
- the refiner filling disc is normally depicted as a complete circle, but in fact the filling often consists of several more-or-less pie-shaped segments which are much easier to handle when replacing a filling.
- United States Patent No. 5,740,972 discloses improvements in replaceable refiner fillings and the manufacture of refiner fillings with working surfaces using relatively narrow, closely spaced bars on the working surface of the plate.
- the refiner fillings have relatively thin blades separated by shallower spacer bars having a thickness which determines the width of the grooves.
- the refiner fillings use a metal or other hard and durable material for the blades and spacers, which blades and spacers are then metallurgically bonded to each other along their entire intercontacting surfaces.
- a suitable metallurgical bond is achieved through any of several known methods including welding, diffusion bonding, brazing, or any other method which results in a joint strength approaching that of the blade or spacer material.
- Materials used include stainless steel blades bonded to carbon steel spacers and ceramic and metal composite materials as blade or spacer components in refiner fillings.
- a metal composite material which exhibits suitable strength and toughness characteristics for a particular refiner application is used for the blades of the filling, while a much less costly material may be used for the spacers.
- segmental replacement disc refiner plates are produced with segments having both non-circular edges (i.e., side edges) which are not precisely radial. Instead, the side edges are oblique to the precisely radial line such that the refiner plate segmental dividing line is parallel to the adjacent refiner blade.
- Each segment may typically have a value of 30, 45, or 60 degrees of a circle so that 12, 8, or 6 segments, respectively comprise a refiner disc.
- the blades of each cluster are positioned parallel to a side edge of the cluster and extend from the outer periphery toward the inner periphery of the segment. Blade obliqueness to the disc radius increases with distance normal to the side edge.
- the blade pattern is begun anew at that location in the refiner segment where increasing obliqueness approaches 20 degrees. So, the segment blade pattern is repeated at intervals to maintain blade obliqueness within a desired range over the entire working surface of a refiner filling.
- the repeated blade pattern is defined herein as a blade cluster characterized by a common cluster angle throughout the refiner filling.
- An obvious method for producing the components of a blade cluster for this type of fabricated refiner plate would consist of cutting individual blades and spacers, such that for any specified set of inside diameter, outside diameter, and cluster angle, each blade and spacer would have a unique length. The uniqueness of each component, and the relative difficulty of fitting them precisely, results in a high cost to manufacture.
- the present invention provides refiner fillings of the kind disclosed in the '972 patent and methods for manufacture of the fillings economically and efficiently with very significant reduction in the cost of tools and fixtures while greatly facilitating the assembly of refiner filling clusters.
- the invention facilitates the manufacture of refiner fillings in a preferred embodiment having a preferred range of working surface blade obliqueness to disc radial, working surface blades assembled in cluster units conforming to the range of blade obliqueness, a fixed pumping angle, and a fixed number of identical segments comprising a refiner filling.
- the invention also provides a barset envelope or parallelogram as defining a basic unit of manufacture of a working surface of blades and spacers, with each barset divisible into two identical blade clusters.
- the present invention provides improvements in replaceable refiner fillings and has as a primary objective the manufacture of refiner fillings with working surfaces using relatively narrow, closely spaced bars on the working surface of the plate. This is accomplished by using relatively thin blades preferably of stainless steel, separated by shallower spacer bars preferably of carbon steel having a thickness which determines the width of the grooves, and subsequently fusing or bonding the assembled blades and spacers into a solid piece by methods appropriate for the blade and spacer materials being used.
- the spacers and blades are assembled in bar sets according to a predetermined pattern, bonded together, and with each bar set cut in half to yield identical clusters.
- a refiner filling segment comprises a plurality of clusters bonded together. In a preferred embodiment, six clusters are assembled in edge to edge relation and bonded to form a filling segment.
- a complete refiner filling disc in preferred embodiment comprises eight segments.
- a bar set of blades and spacers is the basic unit of manufacture with the bar set configuration or envelope established in a first step.
- the bar set envelope is a parallelogram with its long edge coincident with a refiner filling segmental edge.
- the segmental edge is offset from a true radius of the refiner disc as in the '972 patent, and the offset is defined as the pumping angle of the refiner filling.
- the offset or pumping angle is preferably in a range of 3° to 20°.
- the pumping angle is also defined as the angle between the first cluster blade and the disc radius, and also as the line between blade clusters.
- the number of blades and spacers comprising a bar set is selected so as to yield two identical clusters when the bar set is cut in half.
- a bar set cutting line is established between opposite outer and inner sides of the bar set parallelogram for cutting the bar set precisely into matching clusters.
- blades and spacers are assembled, alternating with each other, all in parallel with the long edges of the parallelogram and of course with the design offset edge of each refiner segment, and are bonded after assembly Several of the blades lie across the path of the cutting line and are prenotched at their intersection of the cutting line.
- a multiple of cut and rejoined clusters are assembled and bonded to form a refiner segment.
- the completed segment is characterized by an integer multiple of clusters in edge to edge relationship, the first blade of each cluster having the same offset angle as the segmental edge, and the blades of each cluster having the same range of obliquity from the refiner disc radius.
- the invention provides for a method of assembling clusters from only a few unique blade and spacer components.
- many of the blades are identical and all spacers are identical to simplify inventory of parts.
- a complete refiner filling disc may employ approximately 1000 blades and spacers with each bar set component having 18 blades and 19 spacers.
- the invention results in very significant reduction in the cost of tools and fixtures, and greatly facilitates the assembly of the clusters.
- Another object of the invention is to provide efficient and economical manufacture of refiner fillings with predetermined pattern of blades and spacers.
- Figure 1 is a plan view of a refiner filling disc according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a fragmentary section view of a refining filling illustrating the positions of blades, spacers, and base plate.
- Figure 3 is a plan view of a refiner filling segment according to the invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic view illustrating the geometric definition of a blade and spacer cluster according to the invention..
- FIGS 5a-5h are side and end elevational views of blades and spacer according to the invention.
- Figure 6 illustrates the outline of adjacent bar set clusters.
- Figure 7 illustrates the bar set clusters of Figure 6 re-positioned to form a bar set envelope or parallelogram.
- Figure 8 illustrates a bar set of blades and spacers assembled in a bar set envelope.
- Figure 9 illustrates the bar set of Figure 8 cut along line C-C, and re-positioned into adjacent bar set clusters ready for assembly into a refiner segment.
- Figure 10 is a side elevational view of a bar set cluster along cut line C-C.
- a preferred embodiment of a refiner disc filling 10 comprises a supporting plate 12 to which blades 14 and spacers 16 are affixed and wherein the blades and spacers define the disc working surface 17 and intervening grooves 18.
- the refiner disc filling 10 has defining margins in outer 20 and inner 22 concentric perimeters.
- the filling (Fig. 1) comprises a plurality of filling segments A-B, B-C, and C-A with each segment having a plurality of bar clusters 24.
- the outer and inner perimeter circles define an annular active refining zone 26 containing all the blades and spacers of the filling.
- each bar cluster 24 has an oblique side edge 24a offset from the disc radius R by a specified angle alpha defined as the pumping angle, with the cluster angle beta selected always to yield an integer quotient when divided into 360°, and also when divided into the segment fraction of a circular disc, i.e., 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, etc.
- disc diameter is 16 inches
- the offset angle alpha is 10°
- each segment is 120° and contains 8 bar clusters, with a total of 24 bar clusters in the refiner filling, and with a cluster angle beta of 15°;
- disc diameter is 26 inches
- the offset angle alpha is 6°
- each segment is 60° and contains 8 bar clusters, with a total of 48 clusters in the refiner filling, and with a cluster angle beta of 7.5°.
- the schematic layout of Figure 4 includes a 34 inch diameter disc, with 8 segments of 6 clusters each, a cluster angle beta of 7.5° and a pumping angle alpha of 10°.
- a primary aspect of the invention is the laying out of a cluster envelope which must fit within the inner and outer perimeter of the active refining zone of the circular filling, and within the two more or less radial cluster edges 24 a-b which divide the entire circle into an integer number of clusters.
- Each bar cluster envelope 36 is further defined by a chord 38 along the outer perimeter 20 between adjacent cluster radials 24a-24b, and by an inner line 40 parallel to outer chord 38 and passing through the intersection I of the inner perimeter 22 and one of the cluster radials 24a. In a finished refiner filling all blades and spacers will lie within the cluster envelope 36 generated in this manner.
- the manufacturing method first prepares a bar set pattern or envelope in the form of a parallelogram.
- the bar set envelope receives a precise number of blades and spacers within the envelope's exterior dimensions for yielding two identical bar clusters when the envelope is cut into equal pieces. Every cluster 24 of the refiner filling is produced in this way.
- FIG. 6 An outline of adjacent bar set clusters 24 l-r appears in Figure 6 including oblique side edges 24a, 24b, outer chord lines 38, inner lines 40 and cut lines C-C.
- the left-hand bar set cluster outline 241 of Figure 6 is re-positioned in Figure 7 alongside cluster 24r to form a bar set envelope or parallelogram 42.
- the bar set envelope 42 consists of a pair of bar clusters with parallel oblique side edges
- cut edges C-C abut and define the line along which the bar set of assembled bars and spacers is cut by suitable means.
- the bar set envelope 42 defines the basic manufacturing unit for assembling and temporarily attaching blades and spacers prior to final metallurgical or other suitable bonding.
- the bar set envelope also facilitates use of identical bars and identical spacers throughout the entire filling.
- the blades 46 and spacer 48 are shown in Figure 5a-h and comprise three blades types, including a long or unnotched blade 46a, an end notched blade 46b and a center notched blade 46c.
- each blade's inner end be tapered 50 as shown in Figure 5, in order to prevent fibrous material from being stapled over the end of a blade positioned at inner perimeter of the active filler zone.
- Such stapling can eventually lead to plugging or otherwise interrupting the uniform flow of fibrous material into the active refining area.
- a taper is formed at the end of blade 46a, and also as defining margins of notches 49 of blades 46b and 46c since, after a bar set is cut in half, each tapered notch margin becomes a blade inner end as is apparent in Figures 8, 9 and 10.
- the bar set cluster envelope 42 is defined and the desired blade and spacer widths have been selected, a precise number and length of blades and spacers are stacked to form a parallelogram of particular width, length and bar set angle theta as in Figure 8.
- the dimensions of the bar set are such that the bar set may be cut in half along line C-C to form two identical bar clusters.
- blades 46 and spacers 48 are assembled alternately within the parallelogram. Blades with tapered ends 50 are put into position outside the barset cutting line C-C. Blades intersecting the cutting line are notched with the notch 49 occurring where the cutting line passes. This is shown in Figure 8 where the cutting line passes notches in blades 46b and 46c.
- the barset is cut along the dividing line C-C into identical bar clusters 24. As shown in Figure 9, after cutting, one of the bar set clusters is re-positioned by rotation of 180° for assembly into a refiner segment.
- the segments include bolt holes 52 (Figs 2, 3) for attachment to a refiner disc.
- the method of manufacture proceeds as follows.
- the layout (Fig 4) of a refiner filling is established including outer 28 and inner 22 perimeter circles defining an active refiner zone 26.
- a pumping angle alpha and a cluster angle beta are selected (or known) for the refiner filling and located in the layout.
- a relatively small cluster angle results in a short outer chord 38 which is desirable.
- a core circle 32 tangent to the pumping angle oblique 24a is formed to which circle all additional oblique lines 24a and 24b are tangent.
- a cluster angle beta of 71/2° is selected.
- a pumping angle of approximately 10° is selected and the core circle 32 is drawn.
- the number of segments (8 in the example of Fig 4) is set and defined by 8 equally spaced oblique lines 30.
- the number of clusters per segment is determined (6 in the example) by equally spaced oblique lines 24.
- a cluster envelope 36 is defined by adjacent obliques 24a-b, a chord 38 between the intersections of the obliques and the outer perimeter circle 28, and by an inner line 40 parallel to the chord and passing through the intersection I of the inner perimeter circle 22 and one oblique 24a.
- a bar set envelope 42 (Figs 6 and 7) is defined by a pair of cluster envelopes 241-r with one cluster 24r oriented as in Figure 3, and the other cluster envelope 241 rotated 180° to define a parallelogram with the one cluster envelope. That is, the left edges 24b of the cluster envelopes 241-r seen in Figure 7 define a cutting line C-C along which the bar set is cut to form the cluster envelopes.
- the bar set envelope next receives blades and spacers sized in length and width to fit precisely within the envelope.
- blades and spacers An assembly of blades and spacers appears in Figure 8, including end tapered blades, and prenotched blades with notches defined by tapered ends and with the notches situated in the cutting line.
- the blades and spacers are affixed to each other by means appropriate to the materials used.
- blades and spacers may be metallurgically bonded entirely throughout the interconnecting surfaces of blades and spacers for the bar set, and then cut along the cutting line to form bar clusters.
- the bars and spacers maybe temporarily attached as by tack welding prior to cutting, and bonded after cutting.
- Figure 10 illustrates the cut edge of a bar set cluster along line C-C.
- the cut line diagonally intersects blades 46c through their notches, and diagonally through spacers 48.
- Blade 46a is not cut and terminates in tapered end 50.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98940920A EP1148971B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
PCT/US1998/016974 WO2000009288A1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
JP2000564770A JP2002522660A (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Refined plate for papermaking and method for producing the same |
DE69835457T DE69835457T2 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | REFINER PLATES FOR PAPER MANUFACTURE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD |
CA002340895A CA2340895C (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
AU89085/98A AU757369B2 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
US09/462,696 US6935589B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
US12/381,439 US7779525B2 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2009-03-12 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/016974 WO2000009288A1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/166,700 Division US7614129B2 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2005-06-24 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000009288A1 true WO2000009288A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 |
Family
ID=22267681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/016974 WO2000009288A1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 1998-08-17 | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1148971B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002522660A (en) |
AU (1) | AU757369B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2340895C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69835457T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000009288A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11421382B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2022-08-23 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
US11905658B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2024-02-20 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
US11965290B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2024-04-23 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3040997A (en) * | 1959-07-06 | 1962-06-26 | Bauer Bros Co | Flow retarding grinding plate |
US3473745A (en) * | 1967-01-11 | 1969-10-21 | Sprout Waldron & Co Inc | Refining plate for high consistency pulp |
US3910511A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1975-10-07 | Westvaco Corp | Open discharge pulp refiner |
US4023737A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1977-05-17 | Westvaco Corporation | Spiral groove pattern refiner plates |
US4813621A (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1989-03-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Refiner for processing fiber material |
US5249734A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1993-10-05 | Atlanta Import Export Corp. | Rotor disc for a refiner and method of formation thereof |
US5383617A (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1995-01-24 | Deuchars; Ian | Refiner plates with asymmetric inlet pattern |
US5740972A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1998-04-21 | Matthew; John B. | Papermaking refiner plates |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3049307A (en) * | 1959-10-22 | 1962-08-14 | Ed Jones Corp | Refining discs with enlarged grooves |
US4039152A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-08-02 | Rex Peterson | Grinding mill |
CA1207572A (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1986-07-15 | William C. Leith | Rotating disc wood chip refiner |
US5244159A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1993-09-14 | Grindmaster Corporation | Grinding burrs for coffee bean grinders |
-
1998
- 1998-08-17 DE DE69835457T patent/DE69835457T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-17 AU AU89085/98A patent/AU757369B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-08-17 EP EP98940920A patent/EP1148971B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-17 JP JP2000564770A patent/JP2002522660A/en active Pending
- 1998-08-17 WO PCT/US1998/016974 patent/WO2000009288A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-17 CA CA002340895A patent/CA2340895C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3040997A (en) * | 1959-07-06 | 1962-06-26 | Bauer Bros Co | Flow retarding grinding plate |
US3473745A (en) * | 1967-01-11 | 1969-10-21 | Sprout Waldron & Co Inc | Refining plate for high consistency pulp |
US3910511A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1975-10-07 | Westvaco Corp | Open discharge pulp refiner |
US4023737A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1977-05-17 | Westvaco Corporation | Spiral groove pattern refiner plates |
US4813621A (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1989-03-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Refiner for processing fiber material |
US5249734A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1993-10-05 | Atlanta Import Export Corp. | Rotor disc for a refiner and method of formation thereof |
US5383617A (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1995-01-24 | Deuchars; Ian | Refiner plates with asymmetric inlet pattern |
US5740972A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1998-04-21 | Matthew; John B. | Papermaking refiner plates |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1148971A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11421382B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2022-08-23 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
US11905658B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2024-02-20 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
US11965290B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2024-04-23 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
US11982054B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2024-05-14 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for processing wood fibers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU8908598A (en) | 2000-03-06 |
CA2340895A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 |
DE69835457D1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
AU757369B2 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
CA2340895C (en) | 2006-11-07 |
EP1148971A4 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
EP1148971B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
JP2002522660A (en) | 2002-07-23 |
EP1148971A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
DE69835457T2 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6935589B1 (en) | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture | |
USRE39940E1 (en) | Screen plates and methods of manufacture | |
EP0132217B1 (en) | Disk screen apparatus, disk assemblies and method | |
RU2607753C2 (en) | Device for plate of disperser and method of grinding paper | |
EP0958058B1 (en) | Refining element | |
US8123912B2 (en) | Screen | |
EP2078787B1 (en) | Refiner plates with high-strength high-performance bars | |
KR20080099863A (en) | Carbide cutting tool and method of making such a tool | |
CN1313254C (en) | Rock drilling bits | |
CA2340895C (en) | Papermaking refiner plates and method of manufacture | |
EP1058582A1 (en) | Improvements to papermaking refiner plates | |
US5921486A (en) | Papermaking refiner plates | |
US7987991B2 (en) | Pulper with screen plate having maximum defibering edges | |
CN201151084Y (en) | Grinding module | |
US5249734A (en) | Rotor disc for a refiner and method of formation thereof | |
CN112501940B (en) | Refiner blade element | |
CN2353448Y (en) | Combined hob-cutter structure of kneader | |
EP1390118B1 (en) | Filter element and method for manufacturing the plates thereof | |
JPS61252388A (en) | Production of beating knife element for refiner | |
Liang et al. | A Replaceable Refiner Plate and Method of Manufacture | |
JP2023511961A (en) | Methods and articles for manufacturing cutting machines for PDC cutting systems | |
KR101709572B1 (en) | Finger Slotting Cutter | |
RU2314380C1 (en) | Milling fittings for disk mill |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09462696 Country of ref document: US |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) |
Free format text: (EXCEPT CA) |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 89085/98 Country of ref document: AU |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2340895 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2340895 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1998940920 Country of ref document: EP |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1998940920 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 89085/98 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1998940920 Country of ref document: EP |