WO2000006752A1 - Promoteur de vegetal induit par flexion ou inclinaison - Google Patents

Promoteur de vegetal induit par flexion ou inclinaison Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000006752A1
WO2000006752A1 PCT/EP1999/005490 EP9905490W WO0006752A1 WO 2000006752 A1 WO2000006752 A1 WO 2000006752A1 EP 9905490 W EP9905490 W EP 9905490W WO 0006752 A1 WO0006752 A1 WO 0006752A1
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Prior art keywords
promoter
bending
wood
leaning
gus
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PCT/EP1999/005490
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English (en)
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Wout Boerjan
Cuiying Chen
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Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Vzw
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Publication date
Application filed by Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Vzw filed Critical Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Vzw
Priority to AU55085/99A priority Critical patent/AU5508599A/en
Priority to CA002336706A priority patent/CA2336706A1/fr
Publication of WO2000006752A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000006752A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/1003—Transferases (2.) transferring one-carbon groups (2.1)
    • C12N9/1007—Methyltransferases (general) (2.1.1.)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
    • C12N15/8237—Externally regulated expression systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a promoter inducible by bending and/or leaning stress and is in addition very useful in the control of the synthesis and/or degradation of reaction wood.
  • said promoter is very useful in the control of the synthesis and/or degradation of tension wood.
  • Tension wood and compression wood are categories of the so called reaction wood.
  • Reaction wood has distinct anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics; it is typically formed in bent twigs and branches as a reaction to the plant on the stress that is applied.
  • the reaction wood is generally formed at the ventral (lower, compressed) site of the bent twigs and branches. This tissue is exerting a longitudinal pressure that aims to raise up the spindle. This so called compression wood is typical for conifers.
  • the reaction wood is called tension wood. Contrary to the compression wood, it is generally formed at the dorsal (upper, tensed) side of the twigs and branches. This tissue exerts a longitudinal traction that aims to reorient the spindle to its original direction.
  • the fibres in this tissue are characterised by a shortage in lignification and, in most cases, by the presence of a gelatinous cellulose layer.
  • reaction wood Although present in most trees, the formation of reaction wood can be far more pronounced in some species than in others. In poplar, which seems to be rather sensitive to bending stress, tension wood can even be found in straight trees and straight branches.
  • the current invention is intended to solve the above problem. Depending on the nature of the problem to be solved the production of tension wood can be accumulated or diminished according to the need to have more or less tension wood in a plant or tree.
  • the current invention concerns (plant) promoters inducible upon mechanical stress such as, but not limited to, bending and/or leaning at for instance the stem of a plant or tree.
  • Said promoters preferably plant promoters comprising the sequences as indicated in SEQ.ID.NO.1 and/or SEQ.ID.NO.
  • coding sequences which are able (if present in a plant or tree cell) upon induction to provide an enhanced protection in the plant or tree against mechanical stress.
  • said coding sequences can be used those genes coding for proteins involved in the synthesis and/or degradation of cell wall components in order to obtain more or less rigid cell wall structures.
  • coding sequences can be used in such a construct wherein the expression of those sequences as a consequence thereof is able to change, positively or negatively, the formation and/or content of tension wood in plants or trees in order to obtain more or less rigid stems of plants and trees, if required.
  • the present invention thus concerns the use of a promoter comprising SEQ.ID.NO.1 or SEQ.ID.NO.2 or a promoter with at least 80% homology to said sequence or a functional fragment thereof, to obtain induction of gene expression by several kinds of mechanical stress, such as bending, leaning, elongation, compression, agitation or gravity and the like.
  • Another aspect of this invention is the use of eukaryotic cells transformed with a recombinant gene placed under the control of said promoter to obtain gene expression upon mechanical stress.
  • To the invention also belongs as indicated above a method to control the synthesis and/or degradation of tension and/or compression wood. This is, for instance, achieved by placing a gene that can modify cell wall biosynthesis under the control of said promoter.
  • a gene can be, as a non limitative example, a gene that is directly involved in the control of lignin, cellulose or hemicellulose biosynthesis, placed in sense or in anti-sense orientation after said promoter; it can be a fragment of a gene involved in the control of lignin, cellulose or hemicellulose biosynthesis and/or degradation, placed in anti-sense orientation, to make anti-sense RNA, or alternatively it may be a gene that is able to modulate the levels of intermediates of the lignin, cellulose or hemicellulose biosynthesis.
  • Gene expression any sequence of events that results in the synthesis of RNA starting from DNA, known as “transcription” to the people skilled in the art, regardless if the resulting RNA is further translated into protein.
  • “Functional fragment” (of a promoter): any fragment or combination of at least two fragments derived from a promoter, that still can induce gene expression upon mechanical stress, regardless if this fragment or combination of fragments is used alone or in combination with another promoter and/or one or more fragments of one or more other promoters.
  • fragment of a promoter means a truncated sequence of the original sequence referred to.
  • the truncated sequence can vary widely in length; the minimum size being a sequence of sufficient size to provide a sequence with at least a comparable function and/or activity of the original sequence referred to, while the maximum size is not critical. In some applications, the maximum size usually is not substantially greater than that required to provide the desired activity and/or function(s) of the original sequence.
  • Mechanism stress any stress induced by physical means such as compression, stretching, bending, leaning, agitation and/or gravity as non limiting examples.
  • bending is meant the process of performing an external force at the stem at a certain location at said stem, whereupon as a result thereof the stem bends at the place of the external force. Subsequently the stem continues to grow at a normal original upright position.
  • leaning is meant the process of bringing the whole plant and the stem respectively under a certain angle (for instance 45°) as a whole. Subsequently the stem continues to grow at a normal original upright position.
  • nucleic acid molecule(s) refers to a polymeric form of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. This term refers only to the primary structure of the molecule. Thus, this term includes double- and single-stranded DNA, and RNA. It also includes known types of modifications, for example, methylation, "caps" substitution of one or more of the naturally occuring nucleotides with an analog.
  • “Homology” means that the respective nucleic acid molecules or sequences are functionally and/or structurally equivalent.
  • the nucleic acid molecules that are homologous to the nucleic acid molecules described and that are derivatives of said nucleic acid molecules are, for example, variations of said nucleic acid molecules which represent modifications having the same biological function. They may be naturally occurring variations, such as sequences from other plant varieties or species, or mutations. These mutations may occur naturally or may be obtained by mutagenesis techniques.
  • the allelic variations may be naturally occurring allelic variants as well as synthetically produced or genetically engineered variants.
  • promoter refers to regulatory DNA sequences which are necessary to effect the expression of coding sequences to which they are ligated.
  • promoter refers to a region located upstream or downstream from the start of transcription and which is involved in recognition and binding of RNA polymerase and other proteins to initiate transcription.
  • plant promoter is a promoter capable of initiating transcription in plant cells.
  • plant includes whole plants, plant organs (e.g. leaves, stems, flowers, roots etc.), seeds and plant cells and progeny of same.
  • the class of plants which can be used in the current invention includes higher plants, angiosperms (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants), as well as gymnosperms. It includes plants of a variety of ploidy levels, including polyploid, diploid and haploid.
  • PCCo/AOMT- ⁇ -glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were bent and fixed mechanically.
  • Poplar plants used in stable transformation experiments corresponded to the INRA clone 717-1 B4 (Populus tremula x Populus alba).
  • the chimeric promoter-GUS constructs (pBINPOPI and pBINPOP2, of which the promoter sequences itself, designated gPtCCoAOMTI and gPtCCoAOMT2, respectively are provided in SEQ.ID.NO.1 and 2) were transferred to poplar, following the approach described by Leple et al. (1992). In vitro plants were maintained on half MS medium at 24 °C with a photo-period of 16 h light and 8 h darkness. Two-month old plants were transferred to a greenhouse. The poplars were grown in the greenhouse at 21 °C with the same light cycle.
  • Reaction wood was induced by bending the young stems (at the internode 3 or 4 counted from the top) of 3-month-old transgenic plants, to a 90 ° angle for various periods. Alternatively reaction wood was induced by leaning the plants at a 45° angle. The xylem and phloem both from the upper and lower part of the bent area as well as the pith were collected and frozen immediately into liquid nitrogen. The control samples were extracted from the corresponding position of vegetatively propagated plant of the same transgenic lines that were not bent. GUS staining and quantitative fluorimetric assays were conducted on six independent lines for each transformant.
  • GUS staining was performed according to Jefferson et al. (1987). Stems from transgenic plants were sectioned with a vibroslicer (Laborimpex, Brussels, Belgium), and fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, for 30 min at room temperature. GUS staining was carried out by incubating sections or samples with 2 mM 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl glucuronide (X-Gluc), 0.1 mM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 , and 0.1 mM K 4 Fe(CN) 6 . 3H 2 0 in the same phosphate buffer. Staining was allowed to proceed at 37 °C until blue stain developed in the samples (1 to 4 h).
  • GUS activity was assayed by preparing crude plant extracts from stem tissue, and were assayed as described by Jefferson et al.(1987). The extracts were standardised by measuring the protein concentration using the method of Bradford (1976). GUS activity levels were assayed by enzymatic conversion of 4- methylumbelliferyl glucuronide to 4-methylumbelliferone which was quantified with a fluorimeter (365 nm excitation and 455 nm emission wavelengths). GUS activity is expressed as GUS U(unit)/h per ⁇ g protein.
  • FIG. 2 shows the levels of GUS activity measured in stems which were bent for 9 days.
  • GUS activity was increased from 0.141 U/h per ⁇ g protein to 0.524 U/h per ⁇ g protein, whereas in the phloem tissues GUS activity was induced from 0.024 U/h per ⁇ g protein to 0.132 U/h per ⁇ g protein.
  • the GUS activity was elevated more than 10-fold by bending.
  • CCoAOMT protein Expression of CCoAOMT protein is altered upon bending and leaning
  • a 456 bp fragment of the gPtCCoAOMTI promoter and a 497 bp fragment of the gPtCCoAOMT2 promoter are sufficient to induce gene expression upon bending and leaning
  • Transgenic lines transformed with the pBIN1DB3 (-199) construct which is only 15 bp longer than pBIN1DC2, failed to direct expression in any tissue, indicating that this additional 15 nucleotides, which correspond to an AC-II element, constitute a c/s-negative regulatory element for controlling the expression in bark tissue.
  • Transformants containing the pBIN1DA5 (-456) construct conferred expression in cambial ray initials and in differentiating xylem rays.
  • PBIN2DA4 directed GUS activity in the phloem fibres and in contact rays associated with vessel, similar to the full-length gPtCCoAOMT2 promoter.
  • This -497 bp fragment of the gPtCCoAOMT2 promoter is thus sufficient to control the cell-specific expression whereas in addition it shows that c/s-acting positive regulatory elements, which control the expression in xylem vessels and in adjacent ray cells and in phloem fibres, are located between nucleotides -497 and -195.
  • the transgenic poplars containing the promoter deletions were analyzed upon mechanical bending and leaning.
  • GUS staining revealed that pBIN1DA5(-45G) and pBIN2DA4(-497) were significantly induced in all xylem cells types and strongest in ray cells in response to mechanical bending.
  • the other deletions did not shown any GUS activity upon bending stress.
  • the region - 456 to -199 of the promoter of gPtCCoAOMTI and the region -497 to -195 in the promoter of gPtCCoAOMT2 are necessary and sufficient to drive gene expression upon mechanical bending and contain therefore positive c/s-acting regulatory elements to drive gene expression upon bending.
  • CCoAOMT genes in response to bending and leaning is involved in determining lignin heterogeneity
  • CCoAOMT induced expression of CCoAOMT in xylem tissue probably has an impact on the production of lignin units which are incorporated into the lignin polymer and thus on the lignin heterogeneity in tension wood. It has been shown that lignin for tension wood and normal wood is different (Rolando et al. 1992). Thus the regulation of expression CCoAOMT upon mechanical stresses is involved in at least part of the control of wood quality, during the formation of tension wood.
  • Poplar plants used in stable transformation experiments corresponded to the INRA clone 717-1 B4 (Populus tremula x Populus alba).
  • the chimeric promoter-GUS constructs were transferred to poplar, following the approach described by Leple et al. (1992). In vitro plants were maintained on half MS medium at 24 °C with a photo-period of 16 h light and 8 h darkness. Two-month old plants were transferred to a greenhouse. The poplars were grown in the greenhouse at 21 °C with the same light cycle. Plant bending and leaning
  • the 1 ,994 bp and 1 ,363 bp promoter fragments of gPtCCoAOMTI and gPtCCoAOMT2 were generated by PCR, respectively.
  • both PCR products were digested with ⁇ /col and Sac ⁇ and cloned into the Nco ⁇ /Sac ⁇ site of pGUS1 (Peleman et al., 1989) yielding the plasmids pGUSPOPI and pGUSPOP2.
  • both chimeric PCCoAOMT1-GUS and PCCoAOMT2-GUS genes were isolated from pGUSPOPI and pGUSPOP2, respectively, by an Xba ⁇ digest, and cloned into the Xbal site of the binary vector pBIN19 (Bevan, 1984), resulting in the plasmids pBINPOPI and pBINPOP2, respectively.
  • Figure 1 (a) Transverse section of a bent stem (B) and a non-bent stem (N) stained for GUS activity for the pBINPOPI construct (b) Section of bent stems double stained for GUS activity and for lignin using P-HCI for the pBINPOPI construct (c) same double staining of bent stems for the pBINPOP2 construct.
  • Figure 2 Staining for GUS activity in the stem section of transgenic poplar transformed with the pBINPOPI construct
  • Staining for GUS activity of tension stem the staining was found in all kinds of xylem cells, such as fibres, vessels and ray cells.
  • Figure 3 GUS activity in stems of transgenic poplar transformed with the pBINPOPI construct which were bent for 9 days
  • Figure 5 Staining for GUS activity in non-bent and bent stems of transgenic poplar, transformed with the pBINPOPI construct.
  • Figure 6 Immunodetection of CCoAOMT in poplar stem.
  • GUS fusions ⁇ - glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants.
  • Transgenic poplars expression of chimeric genes using four different constructs. Plant Cell Rep. 11 , 137-141. De Clercq A, Vandewiele M, De Rycke R, Van Damme J, Van Montagu M, Krebbers E, Vandekerckhove J. (1990) Expression and processing of an Arabidopsis 2S albumin in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol. 92, 899-907.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'emploi d'un promoteur intervenant avec SEQ.ID.NO.1 ou SEQ.ID.NO.2, ou avec un fragment fonctionnel de cette séquence, et permettant d'induire une expression génétique au moyen de divers types de contrainte mécanique telles que flexion, élongation, compression inclinaison, agitation, etc.
PCT/EP1999/005490 1998-07-27 1999-07-27 Promoteur de vegetal induit par flexion ou inclinaison WO2000006752A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU55085/99A AU5508599A (en) 1998-07-27 1999-07-27 Bending and/or leaning-induced plant promoter
CA002336706A CA2336706A1 (fr) 1998-07-27 1999-07-27 Promoteur de vegetal induit par flexion ou inclinaison

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EP98202518.1 1998-07-27
EP98202518 1998-07-27

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011088299A1 (fr) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-21 Monsanto Technology Llc Eléments régulateurs chez les végétaux et applications associées

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0516958A2 (fr) * 1991-05-30 1992-12-09 Bayer Ag Gène de la caffeoyl-coA-3-O-méthyltransférase
WO1998003535A1 (fr) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 Purdue Research Foundation Modification de la composition de la lignine dans des plantes au moyen d'un promoteur specifique d'un tissu
WO1999009188A2 (fr) * 1997-08-13 1999-02-25 Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Promoteur specifique aux tissus du peuplier

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0516958A2 (fr) * 1991-05-30 1992-12-09 Bayer Ag Gène de la caffeoyl-coA-3-O-méthyltransférase
WO1998003535A1 (fr) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 Purdue Research Foundation Modification de la composition de la lignine dans des plantes au moyen d'un promoteur specifique d'un tissu
WO1999009188A2 (fr) * 1997-08-13 1999-02-25 Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie Promoteur specifique aux tissus du peuplier

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CHEN C., ET AL.: "A gene encoding caffeoyl coenzyme a 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) from Populus trichocarpa (accession no: AJ223621) (PGR98-104)", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 117, June 1998 (1998-06-01), pages 719, XP002127386 *
CHEN C., ET AL.: "Populus trichocarpa CCoAOMT2 gene, exon 1 to 5", EMBL ACCESSION NO:AJ223620, 4 September 1998 (1998-09-04), XP002127332 *
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011088299A1 (fr) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-21 Monsanto Technology Llc Eléments régulateurs chez les végétaux et applications associées
US9637736B2 (en) 2010-01-14 2017-05-02 Monsanto Technology Llc Plant regulatory elements and uses thereof
US10301625B2 (en) 2010-01-14 2019-05-28 Monsanto Technology Llc Plant regulatory elements and uses thereof
US10995340B2 (en) 2010-01-14 2021-05-04 Monsanto Technology Llc Plant regulatory elements and uses thereof
US11981902B2 (en) 2010-01-14 2024-05-14 Monsanto Technology Llc Plant regulatory elements and uses thereof

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