WO2000006510A1

WO2000006510A1 - Fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics and process for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2000006510A1
Application number: PCT/RO1998/000012
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eugen Pavel
Original assignee: Eugen Pavel
Priority date: 1998-07-27
Filing date: 1998-07-28
Publication date: 2000-02-10
Also published as: AU8467498A

Abstract

This invention relates to fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics and the process for the production thereof. The fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics according to the present invention employ fluorosilicate glass compositions including various photosensitizing metals and rare earths which impart photosensitive properties and fluorescent properties to the vitroceramic. After irradiation, the photosensitive agents control the precipitation of fine fluoride crystals which also contain rare earth ions. These rare earth ions can be made to fluoresce in a controlled manner. The inventive fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics can be used in photographic applications, fluorescent displays and computer memories.

Description

FLUORESCENT PHOTOSENSITIVE VITROCERAMICS AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics and processes for making them. More specifically, this invention relates to fluorosilicate vitroceramics exhibiting both fluorescent and photosensitive properties. These fluorescent and photosensitive properties are imparted to the inventive vitroceramics by the inclusion of certain rare earths and certain photosensitizing metals in the vitroceramic composition.

A vitroceramic is a glass matrix having fine crystals precipitated therein. Vitroceramic material is obtained by first melting a glass, such as a fluorosilicate glass, in any conventional manner. The resultant glass is then subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, thereby preferentially precipitating small crystals. Once the crystals are precipitated, the material has been transformed from glass to a vitroceramic .

Generally, when crystals are precipitated in a glass, the optical transmission is significantly reduced because the crystals cause light scattering. However, if the precipitated crystals are very small (e.g., smaller than the wavelength of incident light), and, if the difference m refractive index between the crystals and the glass matrix is also small, the loss of optical transmission due to light scattering is substantially minimized. Crystal precipitation can be controlled with nucleation seeds which serve as catalysts for the crystal precipitation process. The efficiency of a given catalyst depends on a number of factors, including the similarity between the catalyst's own crystal structure and that of the crystal phase to be nucleated.

A vitroceramic exhibits different physical and chemical properties than the glass material from which it originates. Vitroceramics also are isotropic, flexible as to shape, and their production cost is relatively low.

Some vitroceramics are fluorescent . Fluorescent materials convert incident light having a wavelength m one area of the spectrum into light having a wavelength m a different area of the spectrum For example, when exposed to ultraviolet light, some fluorescent materials can convert that ultraviolet light into visible light. Some fluorescent materials can convert infrared light into visible light m a phenomenon known as up-conversion. In 1975, F. Auzel doped vitroceramics with rare earth metals. These vitroceramics converted infrared radiation into visible light (see F. Auzel, et al . , Journal of Electrochemical Society 122(1) (1975) , 101) . Some vitroceramics are photosensitive. When photosensitive vitroceramics are irradiated with short wavelength radiation such as ultraviolet radiation or X-rays, the optical properties of the material m the irradiated areas are modified. Photosensitive vitroceramics generally contain photosensitive metals such as copper (Cu) , silver (Ag) and gold (Au) . The photosensitive metals, upon exposure to the incident radiation, absorb that radiation. Upon heat treatment, the photosensitive metal particles are precipitated in the irradiated areas and serve as nucleation seeds for subsequent crystal formation. The resultant crystals change the color of the vitroceramic in those irradiated areas.

Photosensitive vitroceramics have been obtained as described in U.S. Patent No. 2,651,145. This process for producing a photosensitive vitroceramic requires that a sodium-silica base glass containing silver as a photosensitive element be exposed to ultraviolet light. The silver absorbs the incident radiation. Next, a heating process is employed to generate a photographic image by precipitating silver particles in the irradiated areas. These silver particles, in turn, provide nucleation sites for the growth of NaF crystals. The NaF crystals are large enough to scatter visible light, resulting a white opaque image, which is opal-like in appearance. While fluorescent vitroceramics are known in the art, and while photosensitive vitroceramics also are known in the art, it was not previously known to combine florescent properties with photosensitive properties in the same vitroceramic. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a vitroceramic having both fluorescent and photosensitive properties.

It would also be desirable to be able to control the degree of fluorescence of the vitroceramic. It would further be desirable to be able to control the degree of fluorescence of the vitroceramic in selected areas of the vitroceramic.

It would further be desirable to provide a vitroceramic having both fluorescent and photosensitive properties for use in photography and fluorescent displays . It would further be desirable to provide a vitroceramic in which the degree of fluorescence can be selectively controlled for use in computer memories.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The inventive fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramic combines the characteristics of two known vitroceramic types -- fluorescent vitroceramics and photosensitive vitroceramics.

In the inventive vitroceramic, the degree of fluorescence can be manipulated via controlled irradiation of the vitroceramic. When the inventive vitroceramic is irradiated in a specific area, the fluorescence intensity in that area is substantially greater than in nonirradiated areas . It is an object of this invention to provide a vitroceramic having both fluorescent and photosensitive properties.

It is also an object of this invention to be able to control the degree of fluorescence of the vitroceramic.

It is a further object of this invention be desirable to be able to control the degree of fluorescence of the vitroceramic in selected areas of the vitroceramic. It is a further object of this invention to provide a vitroceramic having both fluorescent and photosensitive properties for use in photography and fluorescent displays.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a vitroceramic in which the degree of fluorescence can be selectively controlled for use in computer memories .

In accordance with this invention, fluorosilicate vitroceramics are prepared which also include one or more rare earths and one or more photosensitizing metals. The rare earths impart fluorescent properties to the vitroceramic while the photosensitizing metals impart photosensitive properties to the vitroceramic. Suitable photosensitizing metals include: silver (Ag) , gold (Au) copper (Cu) and combinations thereof. Suitable rare earths for imparting fluorescent properties to the vitroceramic include: terbium (Tb) , praseodymium (Pr) , dysprosium (Dy) , erbium (Er) , holmium (Ho) , europium (Eu) , thulium (Tm) and combinations thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a preferred embodiment of this invention, fluorosilicate vitroceramics are prepared which include one or more photosensitizing metals and one or more rare earths .

In order to make the inventive vitroceramic, it is first necessary to formulate a base glass, preferably a fluorosilicate glass, which also includes one or more photosensitizing metals and one or more rare earths .

Suitable fluorosilicate base glass compositions comprise about 10 mole percent to about 60 mole percent Si0₂, about 5 mole percent to about 60 mole percent PbF₂, about 0.05 mole percent to about 0.3 mole percent Sb₂0₃, up to about 0.05 mole percent Ce0₂, up to about 60 mole percent CdF₂, up to about 30 mole percent Ge0₂, up to about 10 mole percent Ti0₂, up to about 10 mole percent Zr0₂, up to about 40 mole percent Al₂0₃, up to about 40 mole percent Ga₂0₃ and about 10 mole percent to about 30 mole percent LnlF₃ where Lnl is yttrium (Y) or ytterbium (Yb) .

The inventive fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramic is made by including in the fluorosilicate base glass one or more photosensitive metals such as silver (Ag) , gold (Au) and copper (Cu) and one or more rare earths such as terbium (Tb) , praseodymium (Pr) , dysprosium (Dy) , erbium (Er) , holmium (Ho) , europium (Eu) and thulium (Tm) . These rare earths may be incorporated into the glass m the form of Ln2F₃ (where Ln2 is the rare earth) m amounts from about 0.1 mole percent to about 5 mole percent . The photosensitive metal is incorporated m amounts of about 0.01 mole percent to about 0.5 mole percent. After the fluorosilicate base glass containing one or more rare earths and one or more photosensitizing metals is prepared, the resulting glass is then exposed to ultraviolet light m specific areas. The photosensitizing metals m those areas absorb the radiation. The glass is then subjected to heat treatment at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature thereby causing the photosensitizing metals m the irradiated areas to precipitate and become available to serve as nucleation seeds for crystallization of fine fluoride crystals. The resulting fine fluoride crystals contain a large amount of rare earth ions .

When the entire vitroceramic is exposed to an excitation radiation m order to cause the rare earth ions to fluoresce (the requisite excitation radiation is dependent on the particular rare earth ions present m the material composition) , the presence of fluoride crystals containing rare earth ions can increase the fluorescence intensity of the areas subject to the first irradiation step to levels at least about 100 times the fluorescence intensity of the areas that were not subject to the first irradiation step.

The present invention is illustrated m greater detail by the following three examples. The invention and the merits thereof are not intended to be limited by the materials, compositions and production procedures described in these examples .

In each of the following three examples, the rare earth compounds were of 99% purity grade. The other constituent materials identified were of commercial purity. Fluorescence measurements were conducted using an Amico-Bowman spectrophotofluorometer .

In each of the following three examples, vitroceramic discs 12 mm m diameter and 1 mm thick were obtained.

Example 1

A vitroceramic material with the following composition (in mole percent) was prepared: about 30% Si0₂, about 14% Al₂0₃, about 45% PbF₂, about 10% YbF₃, about 0.5% ErF₃, about 0.05% Ce0₂, about 0.01% Ag, and about 0.05% Sb₂0₃. To make this vitroceramic material, stoichiometric quantities of Si0₂, A1(0H)₃, PbF₂, YbF₃, ErF₃, Ce0₂, Sb₂0₃ and AgBr in powder form were uniformly mixed and charged to an alumina crucible. Melting was carried out in air at 1100°C for 1 hour. The melted mixture was cast in a graphite mold and annealed at 350°C for 3 hours.

A specific area of the resulting material was irradiated for 100 hours with ultraviolet light using a 125 watt mercury lamp as a source. The light wavelength was 310 nm and the fluence was 200 mJ/cm².

Heat treatment of the material at 500°C for 5 hours resulted in the precipitation of silver (Ag) particles in the irradiated areas. The precipitated silver particles served as nucleation seeds for the formation of fluoride crystals in the glass matrix.

Excitation of the entire sample was carried out at a wavelength of 980 nm (infrared) using a semiconductor laser in order to cause the erbium to fluoresce .

The material had a maximum fluorescence intensity at 550 nm. The fluorescence intensity of the area that initially had been irradiated at 310 nm was at least 100 times more intense than the remainder of the sample.

Example 2

A vitroceramic material was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1. The composition of the resulting material, in mole percent, was: about 30% Si0₂, about 45% PbF₂, about 14% Al₂0₃, about 10% YF₃, about 1% TbF₃, about 0.05% Sb₂0₃ and about 0.01% Ag .

Following the annealing treatment, a specific area of the resulting material was irradiated for 100 hours with ultraviolet light using a 125 watt mercury lamp as a source. The light wavelength was 360 nm and the fluence was 600 mJ/cm².

Subsequent heat treatment at 500°C for 5 hours resulted in the precipitation of silver (Ag) particles in the irradiated area. These precipitated silver particles served as nucleation seeds for the formation of fluoride crystals in the glass matrix.

The entire sample was excited using light at a wavelength of 360 nm in order to cause the terbium to fluoresce. A maximum fluorescence emission at 544 nm was observed. The fluorescence intensity of the specific area that had been initially irradiated prior to heat treatment was at least 100 times more intense than the fluorescence intensity of the remainder of the sample .

Example 3

A vitroceramic was prepared using a procedure similar to that of Example 2. Powders of Si0₂, PbF₂, CdF₂, Al(OH)₃, YF₃, PrF₃, Sb₂0₃ and BrAg were weighed and mixed to yield a material having a composition, m mole percent, of: about 30% Sι0₂, about 30% PbF₂, about 15% CdF₂, about 14% Al₂0₃, about 10% YF₃, about 1% PrF₃, about 0.01% Ag, and about 0.05% Sb₂0₃.

Subsequent heat treatment at 500°C for 5 hours resulted m the precipitation of silver (Ag) particles m the irradiated area. These precipitated silver particles served as nucleation seeds for the formation of fluoride crystals m the glass matrix.

The entire sample was excited using light at a wavelength of 444 nm m order to cause the praseodymium to fluoresce.

The area of the sample that had been irradiated prior to the crystallization of the fluoride crystals exhibited a fluorescence emission at 510 nm, at least 100 times more intense than the fluorescence emission of the remainder of the sample.

The inventive fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics find use m a variety of applications including photography, fluorescent displays and m computer memories.

Thus it is seen that fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramics and process for the production thereof are provided. One skilled m the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration and not of limitation, and the present invention is limited only by the claims which follow.

Claims

CLAIMS :

1. A fluorescent photosensitive vitroceramic characterized by one or more photosensitizing metals and one or more rare earths, said one or more photosensitizing metals imparting photosensitive properties to said vitroceramic and said one or more rare earths imparting fluorescent properties to said vitroceramic .

2. The vitroceramic according to claim 1 characterized m that said one or more photosensitizing metals s selected from the group consisting of silver

(Ag) , gold (Au) , copper (Cu) and combinations thereof; and said one or more rare earths is selected from the group consisting of terbium (Tb) , praseodymium (Pr) , dysprosium (Dy) , erbium (Er) , holmium (Ho) , europium (Eu) , thulium (Tm) and combinations thereof.

3. The vitroceramic according to claim 2 characterized m that said vitroceramic is further characterized by a fluorosilicate vitroceramic.

4. The vitroceramic according to claim 3 characterized m that said vitroceramic is further characterized by, m mole percent, about 10% to about 60% S╬╣0₂, about 5% to about 60% PbF₂, about 0.05% to about 0.3% Sb₂0₃, up to about 0.5% Ce0₂, up to about 60% CdF₂, up to about 30% Ge0₂, up to about 10% T╬╣0₂, up to about 10% Zr0₂, up to about 40% Al₂0₃, up to about 40% Ga₂0₃, and about 10% to about 30% LnlF₃ where Lnl is selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y) and ytterbium (Yb) .

5. The vitroceramic according to claim 4 characterized m that said vitroceramic is further characterized by about 0.01 mole percent to about 0.5 mole percent of said photosensitizing metal and about 0.1 mole percent to about 5 mole percent of said rare earth in the form of Ln2F₃ where Ln2 is said rare earth.

6. A vitroceramic according to claim 5 characterized in that said Lnl is characterized by ytterbium (Yb) and said Ln2 is selected from the group consisting of Er, Ho, Tm and combinations thereof; whereby said vitroceramic is capable of converting incident infrared radiation into visible light.

7. A vitroceramic according to claim 5 characterized in that said Lnl is characterized by yttrium (Y) and said Ln2 is selected from the group consisting of Tb, Pr, Dy, Ho, Er, Eu, Tm and combinations thereof; whereby said vitroceramic is capable of converting incident ultraviolet light into visible light.

8. A vitroceramic exhibiting both photosensitive properties and fluorescent properties.

9. The vitroceramic according to claim 8 characterized in that said photosensitive property is characterized by a change in the fluorescence intensity of areas of said vitroceramic exposed to photosensitizing radiation.

10. The vitroceramic according to claim 9 characterized in that said change in the fluorescence intensity of areas of said vitroceramic exposed to photosensitizing radiation is characterized by an increase in the fluorescence intensity of areas of said vitroceramic exposed to photosensitizing radiation.