交流电动机 发明领域 AC motor Field of the invention
本发明属于电机领域, 特别是涉及一种交流旋转电枢式电动机的改进。 背景技术 The invention belongs to the field of electric machines, and in particular relates to an improvement of an AC rotating armature motor. Background technique
目前交流电动机一般只采用串激方式,现有的技术方案在习惯上认为并激 方式不实用, 其原因是交激绕组直接接在电源上, 如图 1所示。 如果其所加载 的电压高, 则绕组匝数必然多, 其电感也就大, 于是激磁电流 I e'产生的磁通 O e'滞后于电源电压 U的相角差 Θ1很大, 甚至接近 90°, 如图 2所示。 由于电 机电枢电流 I滞后于电源电压 U的相角差 Θ2 比较小, 于是 I e'产生的激磁磁通 <D e'与电机电枢电流 I间有较大相角差 θ3 , 在交流电源作用下, 当磁通 Φ ε'幅 值大时电流 I的幅值却小, 二者乘积较小, 即产生的力矩较小, 故没有实际意 义上的用途。 发明内容 At present, the AC motor generally only adopts the series excitation method. The existing technical solution conventionally considers that the parallel excitation method is not practical, because the AC winding is directly connected to the power source, as shown in FIG. 1. If the voltage it is loaded with is high, the number of winding turns is inevitably large, and its inductance is also large, so the magnetic flux O e ′ generated by the exciting current I e ′ lags behind the power supply voltage U and the phase angle difference Θ1 is very large, even close to 90 °, as shown in Figure 2. Because the phase angle difference Θ2 of the motor armature current I lags behind the power supply voltage U, the phase angle difference θ2 generated by I e 'and the motor armature current I have a large phase angle difference θ3 . Under the action, when the amplitude of the magnetic flux Φ ε ′ is large, the amplitude of the current I is small, and the product of the two is small, that is, the generated torque is small, so it has no practical use. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种交流电动机, 它利用电容具有改变电流相位的特 性来实现交流并激激磁方式, 以达到更好的工作特性。 The object of the present invention is to provide an AC motor, which utilizes the characteristics of the capacitor to change the phase of the current to achieve AC and excitation modes to achieve better operating characteristics.
按照本发明, 所提供的交流电动机包括: 激磁绕组、 旋转电枢绕组和换向 器, 所述激磁绕组与所述旋转电枢绕组并联, 并且进一步包括电容, 所述电容 与所述激磁绕组串联后再与所述旋转电枢绕组并联。 According to the present invention, the provided AC motor includes: an exciting winding, a rotating armature winding, and a commutator, the exciting winding is connected in parallel with the rotating armature winding, and further includes a capacitor, and the capacitor is connected in series with the exciting winding It is then connected in parallel with the rotating armature winding.
按照本发明的另一方面, 所提供的交流电动机进一步包括串激绕组, 所述 串激绕组与所述旋转电枢绕组串接后再与所述激磁绕组和电容构成的回路并 联。 According to another aspect of the present invention, the provided AC motor further includes a series winding, and the series winding is connected in series with the rotating armature winding and then connected in parallel with a circuit formed by the excitation winding and a capacitor.
按照本发明的另一方面,所提供的交流电动机进一步包括第一可调电阻和 第二可调电阻, 所述第一可调电阻串接在所述激磁绕组和电容构成的回路内, 而所述第二可调电阻串接在所述旋转电枢绕组与串激绕组构成的回路内。 According to another aspect of the present invention, the provided AC motor further includes a first adjustable resistor and a second adjustable resistor, and the first adjustable resistor is connected in series in a loop formed by the exciting winding and the capacitor, and The second adjustable resistor is connected in series in a loop formed by the rotating armature winding and the series winding.
按照本发明的另一方面,所提供的交流电动机进一步包括可调电阻和电压 调压器, 所述可调电阻串接在所述激磁绕组和电容构成的回路内, 而所述调压 确 认
器与所述旋转电枢绕组并联。 According to another aspect of the present invention, the provided AC motor further includes an adjustable resistor and a voltage regulator, the adjustable resistor is connected in series in a circuit formed by the exciting winding and the capacitor, and the voltage regulation is confirmed And a rotating armature winding in parallel.
本发明具有结构简单、 所需元件少、 运行可靠等特点。 利用此方案可开发 出崭新的交流并激电动机系列产品, 而且可采用复励方式(串激、 并激结合) 来改进现有交流串激电动机的性能。 通过串激和并激的不同比例组合, 所制造 的交流复励电动机既具有交流串激电动机起动力矩大、 过载能力强和体积小、 重量轻的优点, 又克服了其空载 "飞速" 、 振动噪声大和换向困难等缺点, 从 而实现优良的工作性能。 利用本发明不仅可以使电动机获得优良的工作特性, 而且所需的成本也十分低廉。 附图的简要说明 The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, few required components and reliable operation. Using this solution, a new series of AC parallel-excited motors can be developed, and the double-excitation method (combination of series and parallel excitations) can be used to improve the performance of existing AC series-excited motors. Through the combination of different ratios of series and parallel excitation, the manufactured AC compound excitation motor not only has the advantages of large starting torque, strong overload capacity, small size, and light weight of the AC series motor, but also overcomes its no-load "rapid speed", Disadvantages such as large vibration noise and difficult commutation, thus achieving excellent workability. By using the invention, not only the excellent working characteristics of the motor can be obtained, but also the required cost is very low. Brief description of the drawings
下面结合具体图例对本发明做进一步说明: The following further describes the present invention with specific illustrations:
图 1为现有技术交流并激电动机的原理图; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art AC parallel-excited motor;
图 2 为图 1所示电动机的相位分析图; Figure 2 is a phase analysis diagram of the motor shown in Figure 1;
图 3 为按照本发明的交流电动机的原理图; 3 is a schematic diagram of an AC motor according to the present invention;
图 4 为图 3所示交流电动机的相位分析图; Figure 4 is a phase analysis diagram of the AC motor shown in Figure 3;
图 5为按照本发明另一实施例的交流电动机的原理图; 5 is a schematic diagram of an AC motor according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图 6为图 5所示交流电动机的相位分析图; 6 is a phase analysis diagram of the AC motor shown in FIG. 5;
图 7 为按照本发明的串激和复励工作曲线图; FIG. 7 is a working curve diagram of a series excitation and a compound excitation according to the present invention;
图 8 为按照本发明的交流调速电动机的结构原理图; 以及 FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of an AC variable speed motor according to the present invention; and
图 9为按照本发明的另一交流调速电动机的结构原理图。 实施发明的较佳方式 实施例 1 Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of another AC speed-regulating motor according to the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention Example 1
参照图 3 , 它示出了按照本发明的交流并激电动机, 其激励绕组 L1上串 接电容 C后并接在旋转电枢绕组 D上, 电容起移相作用, 其矢量图如图 4所 示。 并激激磁电流 I e'经相位前移后为矢量 I e, I e与 I的夹角为 Θ4 , 通过适当 选择电容 C的参数, Θ4可以很小或趋近于零, 因此并激激磁电流 I e产生的并 激激磁磁通 与电机电枢电流 I的相位差可以很小或基本同相。 二者的乘积 较大, 从而产生的驱动力矩也大。
实施例 2 Referring to FIG. 3, it shows an AC parallel-excited motor according to the present invention. The excitation winding L1 is connected in series with a capacitor C and then connected to a rotating armature winding D. The capacitor functions as a phase shift. The vector diagram is shown in FIG. Show. The phase-shifted parallel excitation current I e ′ is a vector I e, and the angle between I e and I is Θ4. By appropriately selecting the parameter of the capacitor C, Θ4 can be small or approach zero, so the field current The phase difference between the parallel-excitation magnetic flux generated by I e and the motor armature current I may be small or substantially in phase. The product of the two is large, and the resulting driving torque is also large. Example 2
参照图 5 , 它示出了按照本发明的交流复励电动机, 它配置一串激绕组 12 , 即将串激和并激相结合, 矢量图如图 6所示。 Φ(1为串激绕组磁通相位, I为从串激绕组通过的电机电枢电流, 当 I激磁产生磁通 Φ(1时, 在铁芯中产生 了铁耗, 故 Φ(1滞后 I一个小角度, U为电源电压, 为定子并激绕组磁通 相位。 Φε、 (Dd与 I的夹角都很小。 Referring to FIG. 5, it shows an AC double-excitation motor according to the present invention, which is configured with a series of exciting windings 12, that is, a combination of series and parallel excitation. The vector diagram is shown in FIG. Φ (1 is the magnetic flux phase of the series winding, I is the armature current of the motor passing from the series winding. When I is excited to generate magnetic flux Φ (1, iron loss is generated in the iron core, so Φ (1 lags I At a small angle, U is the power supply voltage and is the phase of the stator parallel winding flux. Φε, (The angles between Dd and I are small.
该交流复励电动机以串激为主时, 既保持了交流串激电动机的优点, 又克 服其不足, 并且能使电动机的机械工作特性曲线变 "硬" 。 如图 7所示, 原交 流串激电动机机械特性为曲线 I , 改进后的交流复励电动机机械特性为曲线 II。 由于在普通交流串激电动机中磁通 Φ与转速 n呈反比关系, 串激电动机中 串激绕组和电枢绕组流过同一电流 I, 所以空载时 I减小, Φ减小, n却增加, 故会 "飞速" , 而当负载增加时, I增加, Φ增加, n却减小, 于是形成 "软" 的机械特性曲线。 在本发明的复励电动机中, Φ = Φ(1+Φε, 并激电流 Ie不通 过电枢, 故不受负载大小的制约。 当电动机空载时, I减小, Φ(1也减少, 但 变化不大, 故转速 η不会急剧上升, 而当负载增大时, I增加, Φ(1增加, 但对 影响不大, d>d只是总磁通 Φ的一部分, 故 n下降也不大。 所以在串 并激同时存在并且比例调配适当时, 本发明的复励电动机将得到较 "硬" 的机 械特性曲线。 实施例 3 When the AC double-excited motor is mainly series-excited, it not only maintains the advantages of the AC series-excited motor, but also overcomes its shortcomings, and can make the mechanical working characteristic curve of the motor "hard". As shown in FIG. 7, the mechanical characteristics of the original AC series motor are curve I, and the mechanical characteristics of the improved AC double-excitation motor are curve II. In a common AC series motor, the magnetic flux Φ is inversely proportional to the speed n. In a series motor, the same current I flows through the series winding and the armature winding, so I decreases at no load, Φ decreases, and n increases. Therefore, it will be "rapid", and when the load increases, I increases, Φ increases, but n decreases, thus forming a "soft" mechanical characteristic curve. In the compound excitation motor of the present invention, Φ = Φ (1 + Φ ε , and the parallel current Ie does not pass through the armature, so it is not restricted by the size of the load. When the motor is no-load, I decreases and Φ (1 also decreases , But the change is not large, so the speed η will not rise sharply, and when the load increases, I increases, Φ (1 increases, but has little effect, d> d is only a part of the total magnetic flux Φ, so n decreases also No. So when the series-parallel excitation coexists and the ratio is properly adjusted, the compound excitation motor of the present invention will obtain a "hard" mechanical characteristic curve. Example 3
参照图 8 , 它示出了按照本发明的交流调速电动机, 在该调速电动机中, 并联激磁绕组 L1与电容 C回路上串接有可调电阻 R1 , 在电枢 D回路上串接 有可调电阻 R2, 通过改变可调电阻 R1和 R2就可调整励磁电流和电枢回路电 阻从而实现宽广平滑的调速。 由于直流电动机须配置直流发电机或用交流电整 流, 交流变频调整存在成本高波形不理想等问题, 而按照本发明的交流并励激 磁电动机在交流条件下即可采用与直流电动机相同的方法来实现宽广平滑的 调速性能, 所以在成本和可靠性方面具有明显的优势。 实施例 4 Referring to FIG. 8, it shows an AC speed-regulating motor according to the present invention. In the speed-regulating motor, an adjustable resistor R1 is connected in series to the parallel excitation winding L1 and a capacitor C circuit, and an armature D circuit is connected in series. Adjustable resistor R2. By changing the adjustable resistors R1 and R2, the excitation current and armature circuit resistance can be adjusted to achieve a wide and smooth speed regulation. Since a DC motor must be equipped with a DC generator or rectified with AC power, the AC frequency conversion adjustment has problems such as high cost and unsatisfactory waveforms. The AC parallel-excitation motor according to the present invention can be implemented in the same way as a DC motor under AC conditions Broad and smooth speed regulation performance, so it has obvious advantages in terms of cost and reliability. Example 4
参照图 9, 它示出了按照本发明的另一交流调速电动机, 在该调速电动机
中, 并联激磁绕组 L与电容 C回路上串接有可调电阻 R , 在电枢 D两端并联 有电压调节器 U。 通过可调电阻 R调整并激电流, 通过电压调压器 U调整电 枢端电压, 从而实现宽广平滑的调速。 Referring to FIG. 9, there is shown another AC speed regulating motor according to the present invention, in which In the circuit, the parallel excitation winding L and the capacitor C are connected in series with an adjustable resistor R, and a voltage regulator U is connected in parallel at both ends of the armature D. The adjustable current R is used to adjust and excite the current, and the voltage regulator U is used to adjust the armature terminal voltage, so as to achieve a wide and smooth speed regulation.
在以上两例中, 为满足性能要求还可以配置一部分串激绕组。 工业应用性 In the above two examples, in order to meet the performance requirements, a part of the series winding can also be configured. Industrial applicability
按照本发明的交流电动机由于具有良好的工作性能而又成本低廉,所以在 小型机械和电动工具等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
The AC motor according to the present invention has good working performance and low cost, so it has broad application prospects in the fields of small machinery and electric tools.