WO2000001472A1 - Systeme d'amelioration du transport via des membranes en fibres creuses et des molecules de membrane - Google Patents

Systeme d'amelioration du transport via des membranes en fibres creuses et des molecules de membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000001472A1
WO2000001472A1 PCT/US1999/015124 US9915124W WO0001472A1 WO 2000001472 A1 WO2000001472 A1 WO 2000001472A1 US 9915124 W US9915124 W US 9915124W WO 0001472 A1 WO0001472 A1 WO 0001472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hollow fiber
fiber membrane
membrane
protuberances
blood
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/015124
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William J. Federspiel
Brack G. Hattler
Original Assignee
University Of Pittsburgh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Pittsburgh filed Critical University Of Pittsburgh
Priority to AU48581/99A priority Critical patent/AU4858199A/en
Publication of WO2000001472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000001472A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a hollow fiber membrane used for gas and solute exchange between two fluids. More particularly, the present invention concerns a hollow fiber membrane having a plurality of protuberances, which disrupts the boundary layer of a fluid causing increased gas and solute exchange between two fluids.
  • membrane oxygenators to oxygenate blood is well known in the art.
  • One type of conventional membrane oxygenator employs bundles of hollow fibers retained within a cylindrical housing wherein oxygen is pumped through the hollow fibers in the same direction as the blood.
  • the hollow fibers consist of a microporous membrane, which is impermeable to blood and permeable to gas. Gas exchange takes place when venous blood flows through the housing and contacts the hollow fibers. Based on the law of diffusion the oxygen diffuses across the hollow fiber walls and enriches venous blood in contact with these hollow fibers. Examples of this type of membrane oxygenator are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,620,965 issued to Fukusawa et al. and U.S. Patent No. 4,698,207 issued to Bringham et al.
  • Another type of conventional membrane oxygenator provides blood flow substantially perpendicular or at an angle to the hollow fiber membrane carrying the oxygen.
  • Examples of this type of membrane oxygenator are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,353 issued to Takemura et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,998,593 issued to Yoshida et al. and U.S. Patent No. 4,490,331 issued to Steg, Jr.
  • the boundary layer 18 is smaller than that in the oxygenator having the oxygen-enriched gas flowing parallel to the blood as described above, a boundary layer 18 exists which inhibits the gas exchange.
  • the present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane, which enhances the gas exchange between two fluids by disrupting the diffusional boundary layer of the fluid.
  • the hollow fiber membrane has a plurality of protuberances, which engage and disrupt the boundary surface by introducing convection currents locally and substantially perpendicular to the fiber surface when such currents do not normally exist.
  • the present invention further provides for the hollow fiber membrane to be used in a blood oxygenator.
  • the hollow fiber membrane is substantially a gas permeable material and liquid impermeable material and the plurality of protuberances can be impermeable to gas and liquid.
  • the overall gas exchange achieved by the present invention is greater than that of the conventional hollow fiber membranes because the increased exchange where the diffusional boundary layers are disrupted more than compensates.
  • the present invention further provides for the plurality of protuberances to take a variety of forms such as helical, circular and half-spheres. Although, a variety of other configurations can be used that will provide for the disruption of the boundary layer of the fluid and result in the increased gas exchange between the two fluids.
  • the present invention further provides for a hollow fiber membrane that can be used in an oxygenator wherein the blood flows parallel to the longitudinal axis of the membrane and an oxygenator wherein the blood flows perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the membrane.
  • the present invention provides for the hollow fiber membrane to have the plurality of protuberances on the interior surface or the exterior surface thereof, depending on where the liquid stream is flowing and the diffusional boundary surface is located.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional hollow fiber membrane wherein blood is flowing parallel to the longitudinal axis and along the exterior of the hollow fiber membrane.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of the conventional hollow fiber membrane shown in Figure 1 taken along line 2-2 and having blood flow substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber member thus creating cross-flow.
  • Figure 3(a) is a perspective view of a hollow fiber membrane of the present invention
  • Figure 3(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane shown in Figure 3(a) taken along line 3b-3b wherein blood is flowing parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber membrane
  • Figure 3(c) is a sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane shown in Figure 3(b) taken along line 3c-3c wherein blood is flowing perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber membrane.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a hollow fiber membrane of the present invention having a helical body extending around the hollow fiber membrane.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of a hollow fiber membrane of the present invention having a plurality of rings extending around the hollow fiber membrane.
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of yet another alternate embodiment of a hollow fiber membrane of the present invention wherein the plurality of protuberances are provided on the interior surface of the hollow fiber membrane.
  • Graph 1 illustrates computer simulated results comparing the gas exchange of an oxygenator having conventional hollow fiber membranes and an oxygenator having the hollow fiber membranes of the present invention wherein the graph plots the Peclet numbers versus a transfer enhancement ratio.
  • the present invention can be used in a kidney dialysis machine, in industrial processes where fiber membranes are used in chemical separations, or in a device having a membrane used to transport a gas or solute to or from a liquid.
  • FIGs 3(a) through Figures 3(c) illustrate a first embodiment of the hollow fiber membrane 20 of the present invention for use in a membrane blood oxygenator.
  • the hollow fiber membrane 20 substantially comprises an elongated body member 22 having an exterior surface 24 and an interior surface 26 with a plurality of protuberances 28 on the exterior surface 24.
  • the plurality of protuberances 28 are semi-sphere shaped and are spaced apart from one another along the entire exterior surface 24.
  • the hollow fiber membrane 20 is made of a material that is permeable to gas and impermeable to liquid such as blood such as microporous polypropylene, polyethylene, or polysulfone.
  • the plurality of protuberances 28 are made of a microporous or nonporous polymer material which can be relatively impermeable to both gas and liquid such as a polymer like polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone or polystyrene. It is preferred that the hollow fiber membrane 20 is cylindrical; however, the hollow fiber membrane 20 can take a variety of shapes such as elliptical and oval. Although the fiber membranes can be made in a variety of sizes depending on the application, it is preferred that the fiber membranes have an outer diameter of between approximately 200 to 400 micrometers ( ⁇ m) and protuberances with an outer diameter of between approximately 10 to 30 micrometers ( ⁇ m). It is also preferred that the protuberances cover between ten percent (10%) and fifty to sixty percent (50 to 60%) of the exterior surface 24.
  • Figure 3(b) illustrates the blood flow with respect to the hollow fiber membrane 20 of the present invention when blood 14 is flowing parallel to the oxygen-enriched gas 12.
  • blood flow 30 contacting the plurality of protuberances 28 is non- rectilinear with convection perpendicular to the surface resulting in the disruption of the boundary layer and increased oxygenation and decarbonation of blood.
  • Figure 3(c) illustrates the blood flow with respect to the hollow fiber membrane 20 when blood 14 is flowing perpendicular to the oxygen-enriched gas 12.
  • the plurality of protuberances 28 cause disrupted flow 30 near the exterior surface 24 of the hollow fiber membrane 20. This flow 30 results in the disruption of the boundary layer of the blood 14 and increased oxygenation and decarbonation of blood 14.
  • the blood oxygenator using a plurality of the hollow fiber membrane 20 of the present invention described above will with all probability result in increased gas exchange and thus, increased oxygenation and decarbonation of blood as compared to a blood oxygenator using the conventional hollow fiber membranes
  • the enhancement ratio equals the amount of gas exchange of a blood oxygenator using hollow fibers with protuberances divided by the amount of gas exchange of a blood oxygenator using the conventional hollow fibers without protuberances
  • the Peclet Number is a normalized flow rate defined as the product of the average velocity of blood flow through the hollow fibers and the separation distance between the fibers divided by the diffusion coefficient for gas which in this case is an oxygen-enriched gas.
  • the height of the protuberances 28 was equal to three-fourth the length of the inter-fiber gap, which is the distance between two adjacent fibers.
  • the increase in the gas exchange between the blood and the oxygen-enriched gas when the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is positioned perpendicular to the blood flow is great enough to reduce the size of a blood oxygenator to be portable and wearable by a user.
  • Figures 4 and 5 illustrate additional embodiments of the hollow fiber membrane 20 of the present invention.
  • the hollow fiber membrane 20 of Figure 4 is an elongated cylindrical member 34 having an interior surface 36 and an exterior surface 38 with a helical body 40 extending therearound.
  • the helical body 40 engages blood flowing adjacent the exterior surface 38 resulting in the disruption of the boundary layer of blood.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the hollow fiber membrane 20 of the present invention substantially comprising an elongated cylindrical member 42 having an interior surface 44, an exterior surface 46 and a plurality of rings 48 on the exterior surface 46.
  • the plurality of rings 48 circumvent the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 20 and are spaced equal distance form one another.
  • the helical body 40 and the plurality of rings 48 illustrated above are not illustrated as being on the interior surface of the hollow fiber membrane 20, they can be positioned on the interior surface in the case where the blood flows within the hollow fiber membrane 20 and a boundary layer is formed adjacent to the interior surface of the hollow fiber membrane 20. This configuration results in the helical body 40 and the plurality of rings 48 disrupting the boundary layer of blood flowing through the hollow fiber membrane 20.
  • Figure 6 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention wherein the plurality of protuberances that disrupt the boundary layer of blood are positioned on the interior surface of the hollow fiber membrane 20 when blood flows within the membrane and an oxygen-enriched gas flows around the membrane.
  • the hollow fiber membrane 20 substantially comprises an elongated cylindrical body 49 having an interior surface 50, an exterior surface 52 and a plurality of protuberances 54 on the interior surface 50.
  • the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention can be used with a variety of blood oxygenators as well as with a kidney dialysis machine.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une membrane en fibres creuses qui permet d'augmenter les échanges de gaz entre deux fluides, l'un des fluides traversant la membrane et l'autre contournant cette membrane. La membrane comporte des surfaces extérieure et intérieure ainsi que plusieurs protubérances capables de rompre la couche limite de l'un des deux fluides. De préférence, la membrane considérée est utilisée dans un oxygénateur sanguin.
PCT/US1999/015124 1998-07-06 1999-07-06 Systeme d'amelioration du transport via des membranes en fibres creuses et des molecules de membrane WO2000001472A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU48581/99A AU4858199A (en) 1998-07-06 1999-07-06 Means for improving transport from hollow fiber membranes and membrane molecules

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11092698A 1998-07-06 1998-07-06
US09/110,926 1998-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000001472A1 true WO2000001472A1 (fr) 2000-01-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1999/015124 WO2000001472A1 (fr) 1998-07-06 1999-07-06 Systeme d'amelioration du transport via des membranes en fibres creuses et des molecules de membrane

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU4858199A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000001472A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006012920A1 (fr) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-09 Inge Ag Membrane de filtrage et procede de realisation
WO2015135977A1 (fr) * 2014-03-11 2015-09-17 University College Dublin, National University Of Ireland, Dublin Membrane de réacteur à fibres creuses avec biofilm aéré
WO2021061955A1 (fr) * 2019-09-26 2021-04-01 Cardiacassist, Inc. Membrane de fibres d'oxygénateur à propriétés de surface modifiées

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2047874A (en) * 1979-03-17 1980-12-03 Akzo Nv An Apparatus in which Heat is transferred through Hollow Threads as well as Hollow Threads suitable for this purpose
GB2188563A (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Shell Int Research Membrane having flow disturbing means
EP0321447A2 (fr) * 1984-11-16 1989-06-21 Teijin Limited Fibres creuses cellulosiques
WO1989006566A1 (fr) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-27 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane a fibre creuse et appareil de traitement de fluide l'utilisant
EP0392010A1 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1990-10-17 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Filtre de liquides organiques ayant des membranes perméables à film plat présentant des élements en saillie

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2047874A (en) * 1979-03-17 1980-12-03 Akzo Nv An Apparatus in which Heat is transferred through Hollow Threads as well as Hollow Threads suitable for this purpose
EP0321447A2 (fr) * 1984-11-16 1989-06-21 Teijin Limited Fibres creuses cellulosiques
GB2188563A (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Shell Int Research Membrane having flow disturbing means
EP0392010A1 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1990-10-17 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Filtre de liquides organiques ayant des membranes perméables à film plat présentant des élements en saillie
WO1989006566A1 (fr) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-27 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane a fibre creuse et appareil de traitement de fluide l'utilisant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198932, Derwent World Patents Index; Class J01, AN 1989-233760, XP002119952 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006012920A1 (fr) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-09 Inge Ag Membrane de filtrage et procede de realisation
WO2015135977A1 (fr) * 2014-03-11 2015-09-17 University College Dublin, National University Of Ireland, Dublin Membrane de réacteur à fibres creuses avec biofilm aéré
CN106132520A (zh) * 2014-03-11 2016-11-16 爱尔兰国立都柏林大学 曝气生物膜反应器纤维膜
CN106132520B (zh) * 2014-03-11 2019-09-24 爱尔兰国立都柏林大学 曝气生物膜反应器纤维膜
WO2021061955A1 (fr) * 2019-09-26 2021-04-01 Cardiacassist, Inc. Membrane de fibres d'oxygénateur à propriétés de surface modifiées
US20220184288A1 (en) * 2019-09-26 2022-06-16 Cardiacassist, Inc. Oxygenator fiber membrane with modified surface properties

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4858199A (en) 2000-01-24

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