WO1999060595A1 - Electric fuse with a controllable disconnecting device - Google Patents

Electric fuse with a controllable disconnecting device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999060595A1
WO1999060595A1 PCT/EP1999/002656 EP9902656W WO9960595A1 WO 1999060595 A1 WO1999060595 A1 WO 1999060595A1 EP 9902656 W EP9902656 W EP 9902656W WO 9960595 A1 WO9960595 A1 WO 9960595A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connection
line sections
electrical fuse
electrical
fuse according
Prior art date
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PCT/EP1999/002656
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Loewel
Alf Blessing
Reinhard Seyer
Original Assignee
Daimlerchrysler Ag
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Publication of WO1999060595A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999060595A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/02—Electrothermal relays wherein the thermally-sensitive member is heated indirectly, e.g. resistively, inductively
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
    • H01H2085/466—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device with remote controlled forced fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/36—Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical fuse with a controllable disconnecting device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the simplest electrical fuses are fuses through which the current flows and which, due to the self-heating of a current, is significantly higher than that
  • the tripping characteristic can be influenced to a limited extent by the choice of material and cross-section. Fuses, however, have proven to be clearly disadvantageous, particularly in the area of higher nominal currents, since the relatively large line cross sections then required do not trigger, or only after a disproportionately long time, for currents which do not exceed the nominal current too much.
  • Active electrical fuses are also known which are provided by means of a controllable disconnecting device.
  • the separation device is triggered on a separation signal, which can take into account a large amount of additional information via a control logic.
  • the best known is an electrical fuse using a pyro switch, such as the one from the
  • DE 44 25 307 AI is known.
  • the cable connected to the battery terminal is blown off when a pyrotechnic active compound is ignited.
  • a copper bar which conducts the current is severed by means of a nonconductive separating wedge, by igniting the pyrotechnic active compound which drives the separating wedge.
  • a circuit breaker is known from DE 196 06 447 AI, in which two conductor sections which are connected to one another by means of an interference fit are detached from one another in terms of technology.
  • a detachable battery clamp is also known from WO 96/33078.
  • a switch in which a divided busbar can be opened or closed by means of a servomotor.
  • the effort for a servomotor is quite high.
  • Another concept is based on a thermal charge, which can be ignited in a high-temperature-resistant ceramic body using an igniter, resulting in temperatures of around 2000 degrees Celsius, which melt a conductive copper bar that is guided through the ceramic body.
  • the liquid copper requires one high-temperature-resistant ceramic body, since it has to be caught at the bottom of the ceramic body. The effort is quite high.
  • a dual-function fuse is known from EP 0 828 269 A2, in which an electrical fuse located in a circuit is separated from the circuit by means of a spring when a thermal fuse responds.
  • the thermal fuse consists of a fusible holder for the spring, which is released when the holder melts and disconnects the electrical fuse from the circuit.
  • the thermal fuse is passive and only responds to the ambient temperature.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuse that is as simple and inexpensive to manufacture as possible, in which a targeted activation is possible via a disconnect signal.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to create a direct or indirect connection by means of an electrically conductive connection which separates at a temperature significantly above an ambient temperature, in particular by means of a solder medium, which melts the copper bars at lower temperatures than, for example, when a separation signal is present a heating element is activated.
  • connection which separate at a temperature significantly above an ambient temperature, for example adhesives or soldering materials which melt at lower temperatures, there is in principle the possibility of them melting as a result of self-heating.
  • this can be controlled by a sufficiently large contact area of the connection and, if necessary, avoided.
  • the separation of the connection by self-heating, for example melting the solder medium can be used for additional protection if the heating element fails.
  • an indirect connection is also extremely advantageous, in which the line sections are connected to one another via an electrically conductive contact bridge, the contact bridge being fastened to the line sections in each case with such a connection.
  • the heating element can also be arranged on a line section or the contact bridge and can act indirectly on the connection (s) by way of heat conduction.
  • a heating resistor is implemented as a sheet resistor as a heating element, which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to one of the line sections or the contact bridge, this can be activated by a single further connection, in that this is switched to a voltage potential via a switching means controlled for the separation signal, which is opposite the voltage potential occurring on the line sections has a sufficient potential difference.
  • This is particularly easy to implement, for example in the case of motor vehicle batteries which are to be secured by means of such a fuse, since a
  • Line section is connected directly to the positive pole and thus only the heating element must be switched to ground to activate it.
  • FIG. 1 electrical fuse with heating element, in which a contact bridge is attached to the two line sections via the solder medium,
  • FIG. 1 Electrical fuse with heating element, in which the line sections are connected directly to one another via the solder medium.
  • solder medium has been described as the preferred electrically conductive connection that separates at a temperature significantly above an ambient temperature.
  • adhesives with metallic particles which displace at higher temperatures or equivalent configurations of these electrically conductive compounds which separate at a temperature well above an ambient temperature are of course also included in the principle of action.
  • Figure 1 shows an electrical fuse between a positive pole ⁇ and subsequent
  • a heating element 3 made of a layer resistance material is arranged in an electrically conductive manner on the contact bridge 4.
  • the heating element 3 is contacted on the side facing away from the contact bridge 4 with a spring contact 7, which on the one hand connects the heating element 3 electrically to the ground via the switching means 6, and on the other hand exerts a spring force effect on the contact bridge 4, which leads to the melting of the solder medium 1 the contact bridge 4 is safely separated from the two line sections 2a and 2b.
  • the conductor sections 2a and 2b are locked in clamps 8, for example. Of the housing, to the force of the
  • the heating element 3 acts indirectly on the solder medium 1 via heat conduction in the contact bridge 4.
  • Tin is used as the solder medium in this exemplary embodiment, so that heating to approximately 300 degrees Celsius is sufficient to melt the solder medium and to separate the electrical connection. This temperature can also be reached in a relatively short time via a relatively low-resistance sheet resistor and can be conducted to the solder medium via a very good heat-conducting contact bridge 4 made of copper.
  • FIG. 2 shows an electrical fuse with a heating element 3 as a separating device, in which the line sections 2a and 2b are connected directly to one another via the solder medium 1.
  • the line sections 2a and / or 2b are soldered under tension that counteracts the contact, so that the line sections 2a and 2b are reliably separated from one another by the tension when the solder medium is melted.
  • the conductor sections 2a, 2b are also mechanically clamped here (brackets 8).
  • the heating element 3 is arranged on the back of the line section 2a, which is connected to ground via the assembly 5. If the connection via the solder medium 1 is released in response to the disconnection signal after the switching means 6 has been closed, the heating element 3 is also switched off automatically.

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

Up until now, electric fuses with controllable disconnecting devices have been produced in the form of pyro-switches or switches with motor actuators or with thermite charges. This is very complicated. The aim of the invention is to provide a much more simple fuse with a controllable connecting device. To this end, an electrical connection whose two conducting sections (2a, 2b) are directly or indirectly connected by an electroconductive connection which disconnects itself at a temperature significantly higher than an ambient temperature, especially a soldering medium (1) is provided. A heating element (3) is provided as the disconnecting device. When it receives a disconnect signal, said heating device heats up in such a way that the connection is broken. The two conducting sections can be connected directly or with a contact bridge (4) connected to each of the conducting sections with the same type of connection as before. The connection can be separated e.g. by the soldering medium (1) melting, more safely and rapidly if there is also a displacement in the opposite direction to the direction of contact. The invention can be used in car batteries to prevent short circuits, with a current measuring device which produces a disconnect signal.

Description

Elektrische Sicherung mit ansteuerbarer Trennvorrichtung Electrical fuse with controllable disconnecting device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Sicherung mit einer ansteuerbaren Trennvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an electrical fuse with a controllable disconnecting device according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die einfachsten elektrischen Sicherungen sind Schmelzsicherungen, die vom Strom durch- flössen werden und aufgrund der Eigenerwärmung bei einem Strom deutlich über demThe simplest electrical fuses are fuses through which the current flows and which, due to the self-heating of a current, is significantly higher than that
Nennstrom aufschmelzen. Durch Wahl des Materials und des Querschnittes kann die Auslösecharakteristik in begrenztem Umfang beeinflußt werden. Schmelzsicherungen erweisen sich jedoch gerade für den Bereich höherer Nennströme als deutlich nachteilig, da die dann erforderlichen relativ hohen Leitungsquerschnitte bei Strömen, die nicht allzu stark den Nennstrom übersteigen, nicht oder nur nach unverhältnismäßig langer Zeit auslösen.Melt the nominal current. The tripping characteristic can be influenced to a limited extent by the choice of material and cross-section. Fuses, however, have proven to be clearly disadvantageous, particularly in the area of higher nominal currents, since the relatively large line cross sections then required do not trigger, or only after a disproportionately long time, for currents which do not exceed the nominal current too much.
Des weiteren sind aktive elektrische Sicherungen bekannt, die mittels einer ansteuerbaren Trennvorrichtung versehen sind. Auf ein Trennsignal, welches ein Vielzahl zusätzlicher Informationen über eine Ansteuerlogik berücksichtigen kann, wird die Trennvorrichtung ausgelöst. Am bekanntesten ist eine elektrische Sicherung mittels eines Pyroschalters, wie er aus derActive electrical fuses are also known which are provided by means of a controllable disconnecting device. The separation device is triggered on a separation signal, which can take into account a large amount of additional information via a control logic. The best known is an electrical fuse using a pyro switch, such as the one from the
DE 44 25 307 AI bekannt ist. Dabei wird das mit der Batterieklemme verbundene Kabel beim Zünden einer pyrotechnischen Wirkmasse abgesprengt. Bei einer weiteren pyrotech- nischen Sicherung wird eine den Strom leitende Kupferschiene mittels eines nichtleitenden Trennkeiles durchtrennt, indem die den Trennkeil antreibende pyrotechnische Wirkmasse gezündet wird. Aus der DE 196 06 447 AI ist ein Stromunterbrecher bekannt, bei dem zwei über eine Preßpassung miteinander in Verbindung stehende Leiterabschnitte pyro- technisch voneinander gelöst werden.DE 44 25 307 AI is known. The cable connected to the battery terminal is blown off when a pyrotechnic active compound is ignited. In the case of a further pyrotechnical fuse, a copper bar which conducts the current is severed by means of a nonconductive separating wedge, by igniting the pyrotechnic active compound which drives the separating wedge. A circuit breaker is known from DE 196 06 447 AI, in which two conductor sections which are connected to one another by means of an interference fit are detached from one another in terms of technology.
Der technische Aufwand ist aufgrund der Pyrotechnik recht hoch, da der Trennmittel geeignet gelagert und das bei der Explosion freiwerdende heiße Druckgas geeignet abgeleitet werden muß. Außerdem sind die Kosten für fehlerfrei zündende pyrotechnische Zünder und Wirkmassen nicht unerheblich. Eine lösbare Batterieklemme ist auch aus der WO 96/33078 bekannt.The technical effort is quite high due to the pyrotechnics, since the release agent is stored appropriately and the hot compressed gas released in the explosion must be appropriately discharged. In addition, the costs for properly igniting pyrotechnic detonators and active compounds are not negligible. A detachable battery clamp is also known from WO 96/33078.
Des weiteren ist ein Schalter bekannt, bei dem eine geteilte Stromschiene mittels eines Stellmotors geöffnet bzw. geschlossen werden kann. Der Aufwand für einen Stellmotor ist recht hoch.Furthermore, a switch is known in which a divided busbar can be opened or closed by means of a servomotor. The effort for a servomotor is quite high.
Ein weiteres Konzept basiert auf einer Thermitladung, die in einem hochtemperaturfesten Keramikkörper über einen Zünder entzündet werden kann und dabei Tempaturen von ca. 2000 Grad Celsius entstehen, wodurch eine durch den Keramikkörper geführte den Strom leitende Kupferschiene aufgeschmolzen wird. Das flüssige Kupfer erfordert einen hochtemperaturfesten Keramikkörper , da es am Boden des Keramikkörpers aufgefangen werden muß. Der Aufwand ist recht hoch.Another concept is based on a thermal charge, which can be ignited in a high-temperature-resistant ceramic body using an igniter, resulting in temperatures of around 2000 degrees Celsius, which melt a conductive copper bar that is guided through the ceramic body. The liquid copper requires one high-temperature-resistant ceramic body, since it has to be caught at the bottom of the ceramic body. The effort is quite high.
Aus der EP 0 828 269 A2 ist eine dualfunktionale Sicherung bekannt, bei der eine in einem Stromkreis befindliche elektrische Sicherung mittels einer Feder aus dem Stromkreis ge- trennt wird, wenn eine thermische Sicherung anspricht. Die thermische Sicherung besteht aus einer schmelzbaren Halterung für die Feder, die beim Aufschmelzen der Halterung freigesetzt wird und die elektrische Sicherung aus dem Stromkreis trennt. Die thermische Sicherung ist passiv und spricht einzig auf die Umgebungstemperatur an.A dual-function fuse is known from EP 0 828 269 A2, in which an electrical fuse located in a circuit is separated from the circuit by means of a spring when a thermal fuse responds. The thermal fuse consists of a fusible holder for the spring, which is released when the holder melts and disconnects the electrical fuse from the circuit. The thermal fuse is passive and only responds to the ambient temperature.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine möglichst einfach und kostengünstig herstellbare Siche- rung anzugeben, bei der eine gezielte Aktivierung über ein Trennsignal möglich ist.The object of the invention is to provide a fuse that is as simple and inexpensive to manufacture as possible, in which a targeted activation is possible via a disconnect signal.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen beschreiben die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1. Advantageous further developments describe the subclaims.
Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, eine direkte oder indirekte Verbindung mittels einer elektrisch leitfähigen, bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur sich auftrennende Verbindung, insbesondere mittels eines Lotmediums, zu schaffen, welche bei niedrigeren Temperaturen als bspw. die Kupferschienen schmilzt, wenn auf ein Trennsignal hin ein Heizelement aktiviert wird.The basic idea of the invention is to create a direct or indirect connection by means of an electrically conductive connection which separates at a temperature significantly above an ambient temperature, in particular by means of a solder medium, which melts the copper bars at lower temperatures than, for example, when a separation signal is present a heating element is activated.
Bei Verbindungen, die sich bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur auftrennen, also bspw. Kleb- oder Lotstoffen, die bei niedrigeren Temperaturen schmelzen, besteht zwar grundsätzlich die Möglichkeit, daß diese durch Eigenerwärmung schmelzen. Dies kann jedoch durch eine genügend große Berührungsfläche der Verbindung kontrolliert und erforderlichenfalls vermieden werden. Das Auftrennen der Verbindung durch Eigenerwärmung, bspw. Aufschmelzen des Lotmediums, kann zur zusätzlichen Absicherung verwendet werden, wenn das Heizelement ausfällt. Neben der direkten Verbindung der beiden Leitungsabschnitte ist auch eine indirekte Verbindung äußerst vorteilhaft, bei der die Leitungsabschnitte über eine elektrisch leitfähige Kontaktbrücke miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Kontaktbrücke jeweils mit einer solchen Verbindung an den Leitungsabschnitten befestigt ist.In the case of connections which separate at a temperature significantly above an ambient temperature, for example adhesives or soldering materials which melt at lower temperatures, there is in principle the possibility of them melting as a result of self-heating. However, this can be controlled by a sufficiently large contact area of the connection and, if necessary, avoided. The separation of the connection by self-heating, for example melting the solder medium, can be used for additional protection if the heating element fails. In addition to the direct connection of the two line sections, an indirect connection is also extremely advantageous, in which the line sections are connected to one another via an electrically conductive contact bridge, the contact bridge being fastened to the line sections in each case with such a connection.
Um das Abtrennen der Leitungsabschnitte beim Aufschmelzen zeitlich zu beschleunigen und besonders sicher zu gestalten, erweist es sich als sehr vorteilhaft, einen oder beideIn order to speed up the separation of the line sections during melting and to make them particularly safe, it proves to be very advantageous to use one or both
Leitungsabschnitte beim Verbinden zu Verspannen oder aber mit einem Federelement auf die Kontaktbrücke zu wirken, so daß eine der Berührung entgegenwirkende Kraft mit dem Auftrennen der Verbindung, insbesondere beim Aufschmelzen des Lötmediums, freigesetzt wird und die Leitungsabschnitte bzw. die Kontaktbrücke rasch voneinander trennen. Das Heizelement kann dabei aufgrund der guten elektrischen wie auch thermischen Leitfähigkeit der Stromleiter auch auf einem Leitungsabschnitt oder der Kontaktbrücke angeordnet sein und darüber indirekt durch Wärmeleitung auf die Verbindung(en) wirken.Line sections when connecting to tension or to act on the contact bridge with a spring element, so that a force counteracting the contact is released when the connection is broken, in particular when the soldering medium is melted, and quickly separate the line sections or the contact bridge from one another. Due to the good electrical and thermal conductivity of the current conductors, the heating element can also be arranged on a line section or the contact bridge and can act indirectly on the connection (s) by way of heat conduction.
Indem als Heizelement ein Heizwiderstand als Schichtwiderstand ausgeführt ist, der elektrisch leitend mit einem der Leitungsabschnitte bzw. der Kontaktbrücke verbunden ist, kann dieser durch eine einzige weitere Verbindung aktiviert werden, indem diese über ein zum Trennsignal gesteuertes Schaltmittel auf ein Spannungspotential geschaltet wird, welches gegenüber dem auf den Leitungsabschnitten auftretenden Spannungspotential eine ausreichende Potentialdifferenz aufweist. Dies ist bspw. bei Kfz-Batterien, welche mittels einer solchen Sicherung abgesichert werden sollen, besonders einfach zu realisieren, da einSince a heating resistor is implemented as a sheet resistor as a heating element, which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to one of the line sections or the contact bridge, this can be activated by a single further connection, in that this is switched to a voltage potential via a switching means controlled for the separation signal, which is opposite the voltage potential occurring on the line sections has a sufficient potential difference. This is particularly easy to implement, for example in the case of motor vehicle batteries which are to be secured by means of such a fuse, since a
Leitungsabschnitt direkt an den Pluspol geschaltet ist und somit nur noch das Heizelement auf Masse geschaltet werden muß, um es zu aktivieren.Line section is connected directly to the positive pole and thus only the heating element must be switched to ground to activate it.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und Figuren näher erläutert. Kurze Beschreibung der Figuren: Figur 1 Elektrische Sicherung mit Heizelement, bei der eine Kontaktbrücke jeweils über das Lotmedium an den zwei Leitungsabschnitten befestigt ist,The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and figures. Brief description of the figures: FIG. 1 electrical fuse with heating element, in which a contact bridge is attached to the two line sections via the solder medium,
Figur 2 Elektrische Sicherung mit Heizelement, bei dem die Leitungsabschnitt direkt miteinander über das Lotmedium verbunden sind.Figure 2 Electrical fuse with heating element, in which the line sections are connected directly to one another via the solder medium.
In beiden gezeigten Ausführungsformen wurde ein Lotmedium als bevorzugte elektrisch leitfahige, bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur sich auftrennende Verbindung beschrieben. Selbstverständlich sind grundsätzlich auch sich bei höheren Temperaturen versetzende Klebstoffe mit metallischen Partikeln oder äquivalente Ausgestaltungen dieser elektrisch leitfähigen, bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur sich auftrennenden Verbindung vom Wirkungsprinzip umfaßt. Die Figur 1 zeigt eine elektrische Sicherung zwischen einem Pluspol Θ und nachfolgendenIn both of the embodiments shown, a solder medium has been described as the preferred electrically conductive connection that separates at a temperature significantly above an ambient temperature. Naturally, adhesives with metallic particles which displace at higher temperatures or equivalent configurations of these electrically conductive compounds which separate at a temperature well above an ambient temperature are of course also included in the principle of action. Figure 1 shows an electrical fuse between a positive pole Θ and subsequent
Baugruppen 5 auf Masse hin, bei der zwei Leitungsabschnitte 2a und 2b indirekt über eine Kontaktbrücke 4 miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Kontaktbrücke 4 über das Lotmedium 1 an den jeweiligen Leitungsabschnitten befestigt ist. Auf der Kontaktbrücke 4 ist elektrisch leitend ein Heizelement 3 aus einem Schichtwiderstandsmaterial angeordnet. Das Heizelement 3 ist auf der zur Kontaktbrücke 4 abgewandten Seite mit einem Federkontakt 7 kontaktiert, der einerseits das Heizelement 3 elektrisch über das Schaltmittel 6 hin auf Masse verbindet, andererseits eine Federkraftwirkung auf die Kontaktbrücke 4 ausübt, die dazu führt, daß beim Aufschmelzen des Lotmediums 1 die Kontaktbrücke 4 sicher von den beiden Leitungsabschnitten 2a und 2b getrennt wird. Die Leiterabschnitte 2a und 2b sind dabei in Einspannungen 8, bspw. des Gehäuses arretiert, um die Kraftwirkung desAssemblies 5 to ground, in which two line sections 2a and 2b are indirectly connected to one another via a contact bridge 4, the contact bridge 4 being fastened to the respective line sections via the solder medium 1. A heating element 3 made of a layer resistance material is arranged in an electrically conductive manner on the contact bridge 4. The heating element 3 is contacted on the side facing away from the contact bridge 4 with a spring contact 7, which on the one hand connects the heating element 3 electrically to the ground via the switching means 6, and on the other hand exerts a spring force effect on the contact bridge 4, which leads to the melting of the solder medium 1 the contact bridge 4 is safely separated from the two line sections 2a and 2b. The conductor sections 2a and 2b are locked in clamps 8, for example. Of the housing, to the force of the
Federkontaktes 7 aufzunehmen. Das Heizelement 3 wirkt dabei indirekt über Wärmeleitung in der Kontaktbrücke 4 auf das Lotmedium 1.Take up spring contact 7. The heating element 3 acts indirectly on the solder medium 1 via heat conduction in the contact bridge 4.
Als Lotmedium wird in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel Zinn verwendet, so daß eine Erwärmung auf ca. 300 Grad Celsius ausreicht, umd das Lotmedium aufzuschmelzen und die elektrische Verbindung zu trennen. Diese Temperatur kann auch über einen relativ niede- rohmigen Schichtwiderstand in relativ kurzer Zeit erreicht und über eine sehr gut wärmeleitende Kontaktbrücke 4 aus Kupfer zum Lotmedium geleitet werden.Tin is used as the solder medium in this exemplary embodiment, so that heating to approximately 300 degrees Celsius is sufficient to melt the solder medium and to separate the electrical connection. This temperature can also be reached in a relatively short time via a relatively low-resistance sheet resistor and can be conducted to the solder medium via a very good heat-conducting contact bridge 4 made of copper.
Figur 2 zeigt eine elektrische Sicherung mit einem Heizelement 3 als Trennvorrichtung, bei dem die Leitungsabschnitte 2a und 2b direkt miteinander über das Lotmedium 1 ver- bunden sind. Die Leitungsabschnitte 2a und/oder 2b sind dabei unter einer der Berührung entgegenwirkenden Verspannung verlötet, so daß die Leitungsabschnitte 2a und 2b beim Aufschmelzen des Lotmediums durch die Verspannung sicher voneinander getrennt werden. Auch hier sind die Leiterabschnitte 2a, 2b mechanisch eingespannt (Halterungen 8). Das Heizelement 3 ist auf der Rückseite des Leitungsabschnittes 2a angeordnet, welcher über die Baugruppe 5 auf Masse hin geschaltet ist. Wird die Verbindung über das Lotmedium 1 nach dem Schließen des Schaltmittels 6 auf das Trennsignal hin gelöst, wird auch das Heizelement 3 automatisch abgeschaltet. FIG. 2 shows an electrical fuse with a heating element 3 as a separating device, in which the line sections 2a and 2b are connected directly to one another via the solder medium 1. The line sections 2a and / or 2b are soldered under tension that counteracts the contact, so that the line sections 2a and 2b are reliably separated from one another by the tension when the solder medium is melted. The conductor sections 2a, 2b are also mechanically clamped here (brackets 8). The heating element 3 is arranged on the back of the line section 2a, which is connected to ground via the assembly 5. If the connection via the solder medium 1 is released in response to the disconnection signal after the switching means 6 has been closed, the heating element 3 is also switched off automatically.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrische Sicherung, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen, bei der eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen zwei stromführenden Leitungsabschnitten sowie eine auf ein Trennsignal hin ansteuerbare Trennvorrichtung zum Durchtrennen der elektrischen Verbindung vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Leitungsabschnitte direkt oder indirekt über eine elektrisch leitfähige, bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur sich auftrennende Verbindung, insbesondere ein Lotmedium, verbunden sind und als Trennvorrichtung ein Heizelement vorgesehen ist, welches sich auf das Trennsignal hin derart erwärmt, daß die Ver- bindung durchtrennt wird.1. Electrical fuse, in particular in motor vehicles, in which an electrical connection between two current-carrying line sections as well as a separable signal which can be controlled in response to a separation signal is provided for severing the electrical connection, characterized in that the two line sections directly or indirectly via an electrically conductive, at a connection that separates itself, above all an ambient temperature, in particular a solder medium, and a heating element is provided as the separation device, which heats up in response to the separation signal in such a way that the connection is severed.
2. Elektrische Sicherung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitungsabschnitte unter einer der Berührung entgegenwirkenden Verspannung verlötet sind und beim Auftrennen der Verbindung durch die Verspannung die Leitungsabschnitte voneinander getrennt werden.2. Electrical fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the line sections are soldered under a bracing counteracting the contact and the line sections are separated from one another when the connection is broken by the bracing.
3. Elektrische Sicherung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitungsabschnitte über eine elektrisch leitfähige Kontaktbrücke miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Kontaktbrücke jeweils über die elektrisch leitfähige, bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur sich auftrennende Verbindung mit den Leitungsabschnitten verbunden ist.3. Electrical fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the line sections are connected to one another via an electrically conductive contact bridge, the contact bridge being connected to the line sections in each case via the electrically conductive connection which separates at a temperature well above an ambient temperature.
4. Elektrische Sicherung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Kontaktbrücke ein Federelement wirkt, welches beim Auftrennen der Verbindung zu einer Trennung des Kontaktelementes von den Leitungsabschnitten führt.4. Electrical fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that a spring element acts on the contact bridge, which leads to a separation of the contact element from the line sections when the connection is broken.
5. Elektrische Sicherung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Verbindung ein zinnhaltiges Lotmedium und als Heizelement ein Heizwider- stand in der Nähe des Lötmediums verwendet wird. 5. Electrical fuse according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a tin-containing solder medium and as a heating element, a heating resistor in the vicinity of the soldering medium is used as the connection.
6. Elektrische Sicherung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizwiderstand als Schichtwiderstand ausgeführt ist, der einerseits a) mit einem der Leitungsabschnitte, b) mit dem Lotmedium direkt oder c) mit der Kontaktbrücke in elektrischer Verbindung steht, und der andererseits über eine weitere Verbindung auf ein gegenüber dem an den Leitungsabschnitten auftretenden Spannungspotential genügend verschiedenes Spannungspotential, insbesondere das Massepotential geschaltet wird, wenn auf das Trennsignal hin ein zwischen das Heizelement und das Spannungspotential geschal- tetes Schaltmittel geschlossen wird.6. Electrical fuse according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating resistor is designed as a sheet resistor which is on the one hand a) with one of the line sections, b) directly with the solder medium or c) with the contact bridge in electrical connection, and the other Via a further connection to a voltage potential which is sufficiently different from the voltage potential occurring at the line sections, in particular the ground potential, if a switching means connected between the heating element and the voltage potential is inferred in response to the separation signal.
7) Elektrische Sicherung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über die Größe der Berührungsflächen der Leitungsabschnitte jeweils mit der elektrisch leitfähigen, bei einer Temperatur deutlich oberhalb einer Umgebungstemperatur sich auftrennenden Verbindung eine zusätzliche passive elektrische Absicherung erfolgt, indem bei einem Strom deutlich größer einem vorgegebenen7) Electrical fuse according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that about the size of the contact surfaces of the line sections each with the electrically conductive, at a temperature well above an ambient temperature separating connection an additional passive electrical protection is carried out by a significantly larger current a given
Nennstrom die Verbindung sich auch aufgrund der Wärmeentwicklung in dieser auftrennt.Nominal current the connection also separates due to the heat development in it.
8) Verwendung einer elektrischen Sicherung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche zur Absicherung einer Kfz-Batterie gegen Kurzschlußentladung, wobei mittels einer Strommeßeinrichtung der von der Batterie abfließende Strom permanent überwacht und beim Überschreiten wenigstens einer vorgegebenen Größe das Trennsignal gesetzt und die Verbindung durchtrennt wird. 8) Use of an electrical fuse according to one of the preceding claims for securing a motor vehicle battery against short-circuit discharge, the current flowing away from the battery being permanently monitored by means of a current measuring device and the disconnection signal being set and the connection being cut when at least a predetermined size is exceeded.
PCT/EP1999/002656 1998-05-14 1999-04-20 Electric fuse with a controllable disconnecting device WO1999060595A1 (en)

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