WO1999060078A1 - A composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution - Google Patents

A composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999060078A1
WO1999060078A1 PCT/IB1999/000829 IB9900829W WO9960078A1 WO 1999060078 A1 WO1999060078 A1 WO 1999060078A1 IB 9900829 W IB9900829 W IB 9900829W WO 9960078 A1 WO9960078 A1 WO 9960078A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
oil
mass
concentration
present
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PCT/IB1999/000829
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French (fr)
Inventor
Justin Peter Clohessy
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Lundin Investments (Proprietary) Limited
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Priority to AU34390/99A priority Critical patent/AU3439099A/en
Publication of WO1999060078A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999060078A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution. It also relates to a solution of oil and water, and to a method of forming a solution of oil and water.
  • compositions for mixing oil and water to form a solution including an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid.
  • a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution including an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid which includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate, a diethanolamide of a higher fatty acid, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether, and a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
  • solution is meant to include a mixture which is clear, homogenous and substantially stable, and by "a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution” is meant a composition which assists or facilitates the formation of a solution when water and oil are mixed .
  • the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 5, 1 % to 6,9% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 5,5% to 6,5% by mass, and most preferably, in a concentration of from 5,7% to 6,3% by mass.
  • the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (C 6 H 12 0 3 ) .
  • the non-aqueous base liquid may include an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number greater than 1 60 and a melting point below -1 5 °C.
  • the alcohol ethoxylate may have a hydrophile-lipophile balance value (HLB value) of less than 9.
  • the alcohol ethoxylate may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 39% to 63% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 43% to 60% by mass. Most preferably, the alcohol ethoxylate is present in the composition in a concentration of from 47% to 56% by mass, e.g . 52, 1 % by mass and has a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 7,7 and 8,3.
  • the alcohol ethoxylate is preferably in the form of a mixture of ethoxylates based on C g and C ⁇ alcohols.
  • the mixture of ethoxylates may also include ethoxylates of alcohols having chains of even numbers of carbon atoms.
  • suitable alcohol ethoxylate mixtures are Kemelix 71 45X (Trademark) available in the United Kingdom from ICI Chemicals Ltd, The Heath, Runcom, Cheshire, WAT40F, United Kingdom, Neodol 91 /2.5E (Trademark), available in South Africa from Shell SA (Pty) Limited, Chemical Division, Rocks Road,
  • the non-aqueous base liquid may include a diethanolamide of at least one higher fatty acid.
  • the higher fatty acids mentioned with reference to the diethanolamide or diethanolamides include conventional emulsifier-forming acids.
  • the diethanolamide may be present if the composition in a concentration of from 7% to 24% by mass, preferably, in a concentration of from 1 0% to 21 % by mass, and more preferably in a concentration of from 1 2% to 1 8% by mass, e.g. 1 5,3% by mass.
  • the diethanolamide may be selected from the group consisting of lauric diethanolamide, oleic diethanolamide, and mixtures thereof. Typically, equal portions of lauric and oleic diethanolamides are present in the composition.
  • the non-aqueous base liquid may include ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether as a surfactant.
  • the ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 ,2% to 1 ,8% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 1 ,3% to 1 ,7% by mass, and most preferably in a concentration of from 1 ,4% to 1 ,6% by mass, e.g . 1 , 5% .
  • the non-aqueous base liquid may include a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
  • the sorbitan ester may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 2% to 48% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 13% to 37% by mass, and most preferably in a concentration of from
  • the sorbitan ester may have a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 1 6,4 and 1 6,7.
  • An example of a suitable nonionic-ethoxylated sorbitan ester is Polysorbate 20 (Trademark), which is available in South Africa from Croda Chemicals (SA) (Pty) Limited of 4 Lovora Street, Jetpark.
  • composition of the invention is particularly, though not necessarily exclusively suitable for mixing fuel oils and water to form a solution.
  • the composition is suitable for mixing crude oil including its refined oils and petroleum products with water and diesel fuel oil and water, to form a solution.
  • the composition may thus be used as an additive to diesel fuel oil.
  • the invention extends to a solution of an oil and water, which includes a composition as hereinbefore described .
  • the oil may be a fuel oil and the solution may include a fuel extender.
  • the fuel extender may be selected from the group consisting of crude oil including its refined oils and petroleum products, an alcohol, such as ethanol, tallow, butter, vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • the fuel extender may be present in the solution in a concentration of up to about 1 0%.
  • a method of forming a solution of oil and water including adding and mixing a composition as hereinbefore described, oil and water together, the composition being added in an amount sufficient to provide a clear solution on mixing.
  • An appropriate quantity of the composition of the invention to be added to a water and oil mixture comprising a few (e.g . 2 to 10) volumetric parts water per 100 volumetric parts oil is typically between about 1 0 and 25 volumetric parts composition per 100 volumetric parts of water and oil mixture.
  • the volumetric ratio of the composition to the combined oil and water may be between 8: 100 and 20: 1 00 and the volumetric ratio of the water to the oil may be between 1 : 1 00 and 1 0: 100.
  • the volumetric ratio of the composition to the combined oil and water is between 1 2,3: 1 00 and 1 9,8: 1 00 and the volumetric ratio of the water to the oil is between 1 ,7: 1 00 and 8,6: 1 00.
  • Kemelix 71 45X 52.07%
  • lauric diethanolamide 7.64%)
  • oleic diethanolamide 7.64%)
  • propylene glycol methyl ether acetate 6.00%)
  • ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 1 .50%)
  • Polysorbate 20 25.1 5%
  • EXAMPLE 2 5ml of water were added to 100g of diesel fuel oil. Under stirring with a high speed stirrer, 1 5ml of the composition as prepared for Example 1 , were added to the water and diesel fuel oil. The result was a clear and stable solution showing no sign of breaking down after an extend period of time and at a temperature ranging between -3 °C and + 50°C. Thus, the oil and water mixture incorporating the composition of the invention formed a clear homogenous solution showing no signs of separation or instability.
  • the Applicant expects that a fuel which includes the composition of the invention, as exemplified, will have an improved performance, will lead to a lower fuel consumption, and will have a cleaning effect on an engine. It is also an advantage of the composition, as exemplified, that it has a neutral effect on the octane and cetane ratings of diesel. The Applicant further expects a fuel which includes the composition of the invention, as exemplified, to have improved atomization properties, to burn more completely and cleanly and to have an improved flowability through pipelines.
  • composition of the invention allows or assists in the formation of a stable solution of water and oil, which shows no sign of breaking down after an extended period of time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

A composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution includes an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid. The invention extends to a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution comprising an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid which includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate, a diethanolamide of a higher fatty acid, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.

Description

A COMPOSITION FOR MIXING OIL AND WATER TO FORM A SOLUTION
THIS INVENTION relates to a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution. It also relates to a solution of oil and water, and to a method of forming a solution of oil and water.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution, the composition including an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution, the composition including an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid which includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate, a diethanolamide of a higher fatty acid, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether, and a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
In this specification, the term "solution" is meant to include a mixture which is clear, homogenous and substantially stable, and by "a composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution" is meant a composition which assists or facilitates the formation of a solution when water and oil are mixed . The esterified glycol mono alkyl ether may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 5, 1 % to 6,9% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 5,5% to 6,5% by mass, and most preferably, in a concentration of from 5,7% to 6,3% by mass.
Unless otherwise indicated, all concentrations are given on a percentage by mass (mass %) basis.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (C6H1203) .
The non-aqueous base liquid may include an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number greater than 1 60 and a melting point below -1 5 °C. The alcohol ethoxylate may have a hydrophile-lipophile balance value (HLB value) of less than 9.
The alcohol ethoxylate may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 39% to 63% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 43% to 60% by mass. Most preferably, the alcohol ethoxylate is present in the composition in a concentration of from 47% to 56% by mass, e.g . 52, 1 % by mass and has a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 7,7 and 8,3.
The alcohol ethoxylate is preferably in the form of a mixture of ethoxylates based on Cg and CΉ alcohols. The mixture of ethoxylates may also include ethoxylates of alcohols having chains of even numbers of carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alcohol ethoxylate mixtures are Kemelix 71 45X (Trademark) available in the United Kingdom from ICI Chemicals Ltd, The Heath, Runcom, Cheshire, WAT40F, United Kingdom, Neodol 91 /2.5E (Trademark), available in South Africa from Shell SA (Pty) Limited, Chemical Division, Rocks Road,
Reunion, Durban, and Lutensol ON30 (Trademark), available in South Africa from BASF (Pty) Limited, 6 Carlisle Street, Paardeneiland, Cape Province. The non-aqueous base liquid may include a diethanolamide of at least one higher fatty acid. The higher fatty acids mentioned with reference to the diethanolamide or diethanolamides include conventional emulsifier-forming acids.
The diethanolamide may be present if the composition in a concentration of from 7% to 24% by mass, preferably, in a concentration of from 1 0% to 21 % by mass, and more preferably in a concentration of from 1 2% to 1 8% by mass, e.g. 1 5,3% by mass.
The diethanolamide may be selected from the group consisting of lauric diethanolamide, oleic diethanolamide, and mixtures thereof. Typically, equal portions of lauric and oleic diethanolamides are present in the composition.
The non-aqueous base liquid may include ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether as a surfactant. The ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, as the case may be, may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 ,2% to 1 ,8% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 1 ,3% to 1 ,7% by mass, and most preferably in a concentration of from 1 ,4% to 1 ,6% by mass, e.g . 1 , 5% .
The non-aqueous base liquid may include a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
The sorbitan ester may be present in the composition in a concentration of from 2% to 48% by mass, more preferably in a concentration of from 13% to 37% by mass, and most preferably in a concentration of from
1 9% to 31 % by mass, e.g. 25,2% by mass. The sorbitan ester may have a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 1 6,4 and 1 6,7. An example of a suitable nonionic-ethoxylated sorbitan ester is Polysorbate 20 (Trademark), which is available in South Africa from Croda Chemicals (SA) (Pty) Limited of 4 Lovora Street, Jetpark.
The composition of the invention is particularly, though not necessarily exclusively suitable for mixing fuel oils and water to form a solution.
Even more particularly, the composition is suitable for mixing crude oil including its refined oils and petroleum products with water and diesel fuel oil and water, to form a solution. The composition may thus be used as an additive to diesel fuel oil.
The invention extends to a solution of an oil and water, which includes a composition as hereinbefore described .
The oil may be a fuel oil and the solution may include a fuel extender. The fuel extender may be selected from the group consisting of crude oil including its refined oils and petroleum products, an alcohol, such as ethanol, tallow, butter, vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof. The fuel extender may be present in the solution in a concentration of up to about 1 0%.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of forming a solution of oil and water, the method including adding and mixing a composition as hereinbefore described, oil and water together, the composition being added in an amount sufficient to provide a clear solution on mixing.
An appropriate quantity of the composition of the invention to be added to a water and oil mixture comprising a few (e.g . 2 to 10) volumetric parts water per 100 volumetric parts oil is typically between about 1 0 and 25 volumetric parts composition per 100 volumetric parts of water and oil mixture.
The addition of too low a quantity of composition to the oil and water is to be avoided as it will result in an emulsion being formed instead of a solution. Examples of suitable volumetric ratios of the composition, diesel oil and water added together are 10: 1 1 6:2, 1 5: 1 1 6:5 and 25: 1 1 6: 10.
Thus, the volumetric ratio of the composition to the combined oil and water may be between 8: 100 and 20: 1 00 and the volumetric ratio of the water to the oil may be between 1 : 1 00 and 1 0: 100. Preferably, the volumetric ratio of the composition to the combined oil and water is between 1 2,3: 1 00 and 1 9,8: 1 00 and the volumetric ratio of the water to the oil is between 1 ,7: 1 00 and 8,6: 1 00.
The invention will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples:
EXAMPLE 1
A composition comprising Kemelix 71 45X (52.07%), lauric diethanolamide (7.64%), oleic diethanolamide (7.64%) , propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (6.00%), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether ( 1 .50%) and Polysorbate 20 (25.1 5%) was prepared.
2ml of water were added to 100g of diesel fuel oil. Under stirring with a high speed stirrer, 1 0ml of the composition as prepared were added to the water and diesel fuel oil. The result was a clear and stable solution showing now sign of breaking down after an extended period of time and at a temperature ranging between -3°C and + 50°C. Thus, the oil and water mixture incorporating the composition of the invention formed a clear homogenous solution showing no signs of separation or instability.
EXAMPLE 2 5ml of water were added to 100g of diesel fuel oil. Under stirring with a high speed stirrer, 1 5ml of the composition as prepared for Example 1 , were added to the water and diesel fuel oil. The result was a clear and stable solution showing no sign of breaking down after an extend period of time and at a temperature ranging between -3 °C and + 50°C. Thus, the oil and water mixture incorporating the composition of the invention formed a clear homogenous solution showing no signs of separation or instability.
EXAMPLE 3
1 0ml of water were added to 1 0Og of diesel fuel oil. Under stirring with a high speed stirrer, 25ml of the composition as prepared for Example 1 were added to the water and diesel fuel oil. The result was a clear and stable solution showing no signs of breaking down after an extended period of time and at a temperature ranging between -3 °C and + 50°C. Thus, the oil and water mixture incorporating the composition of the invention formed a clear homogenous solution showing no signs of separation or instability.
The Applicant expects that a fuel which includes the composition of the invention, as exemplified, will have an improved performance, will lead to a lower fuel consumption, and will have a cleaning effect on an engine. It is also an advantage of the composition, as exemplified, that it has a neutral effect on the octane and cetane ratings of diesel. The Applicant further expects a fuel which includes the composition of the invention, as exemplified, to have improved atomization properties, to burn more completely and cleanly and to have an improved flowability through pipelines.
It is a further advantage of the composition of the invention, as exemplified, that it allows or assists in the formation of a stable solution of water and oil, which shows no sign of breaking down after an extended period of time.

Claims

1 . A composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution, the composition including an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid .
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 , in which the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is present in the composition in a concentration of from 5, 1 % to 6,9% by mass.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 2, in which the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is present in the composition in a concentration of from 5,7% to 6,3% by mass.
4. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
5. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number greater than 1 60, a melting point below -1 5 ┬░C, and a hydrophile-lipophile balance value of less than 9.
6. A composition as claimed in claim 5, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is present in the composition in a concentration of from 39% to 63% by mass.
7. A composition as claimed in claim 6, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is present in the composition in a concentration of from 47% to 56% by mass and has a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 7,7 and 8,3.
8. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7 inclusive, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is in the form of a mixture of ethoxylates based on C9 and C alcohols.
9. A composition as claimed in claim 8, in which the mixture of ethoxylates also includes ethoxylates of alcohols having chains of even numbers of carbon atoms.
1 0. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes a diethanolamide of at least one higher fatty acid.
1 1 . A composition as claimed in claim 10, in which the diethanolamide is present if the composition in a concentration of from 7% to 24% by mass.
1 2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 1 , in which the diethanolamide is present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 2% to 1 8% by mass.
13. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 1 2 inclusive, in which the diethanolamide is selected from the group consisting of lauric diethanolamide, oleic diethanolamide, and mixtures thereof.
1 4. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether.
1 5. A composition as claimed in claim 1 4, in which the ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, as the case may be, is present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 ,2% to 1 ,8% by mass.
1 6. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
1 7. A composition as claimed in claim 1 6, in which the sorbitan ester is present in the composition in a concentration of from 2% to 48% by mass.
1 8. A composition as claimed in claim 1 7, in which the sorbitan ester is present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 9% to 31 % by mass and has a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 1 6,4 and 1 6,7.
1 9. A composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution, the composition including an esterified glycol mono alkyl ether in admixture with a non-aqueous base liquid which includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate, a diethanolamide of a higher fatty acid, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether, and a nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
20. A composition as claimed in claim 1 9, in which the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is present in the composition in a concentration of 5, 1 % to 6,9% by mass.
21 . A composition as claimed in claim 20, in which the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is present in the composition in a concentration of from 5,7% to 6,3% by mass.
22. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 9 to 21 inclusive, in which the esterified glycol mono alkyl ether is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
23. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 9 to 22 inclusive, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes the oil-soluble grade of alcohol ethoxylate, the alcohol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number greater than 1 60, a melting point below -1 5 ┬░C, and a hydrophile-lipophile balance value of less than 9.
24. A composition as claimed in claim 23, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is present in the composition in a concentration of from 39% to 63% by mass.
25. A composition as claimed in claim 24, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is present in the composition in a concentration of from 47% to 56% by mass and has a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 7,7 and 8,3.
26. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 25 inclusive, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is in the form of a mixture of ethoxylates based on
C9 and C alcohols.
27. A composition as claimed in claim 26, in which the alcohol ethoxylate is in the form of a mixture of ethoxylates based on C9 and C alcohols.
28. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 9 to 27 inclusive, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes the diethanolamide of at least one higher fatty acid .
29. A composition as claimed in claim 28, in which the diethanolamide is present if the composition in a concentration of from 7% to 24% by mass.
30. A composition as claimed in claim 29, in which the diethanolamide is present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 2% to 1 8% by mass.
31 . A composition as claimed in any one of claims 28 to 30 inclusive, in which the diethanolamide is selected from the group consisting of lauric diethanolamide, oleic diethanolamide, and mixtures thereof.
32. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 9 to 31 inclusive, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes the ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or the ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
33. A composition as claimed in claim 32, in which the ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, as the case may be, is present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 ,2% to 1 ,8% by mass.
34. A composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 9 to 33 inclusive, in which the non-aqueous base liquid includes the nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
35. A composition as claimed in claim 34, in which the sorbitan ester is present in the composition in a concentration of from 2% to 48% by mass.
36. A composition as claimed in claim 35, in which the sorbitan ester is present in the composition in a concentration of from 1 9% to 31 % by mass and has a hydrophile-lipophile balance value between 1 6,4 and 1 6,7.
37. A solution of oil and water, which includes a composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
38. A solution as claimed in claim 37, in which the oil is a fuel oil and which includes a fuel extender.
39. A solution as claimed in claim 38, in which the fuel extender is selected from the group consisting of crude oil including its refined oils and petroleum products, an alcohol, tallow, butter, vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
40. A method of forming a solution of oil and water, the method including adding and mixing a composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 36 inclusive, oil and water together, the composition being added in an amount sufficient to provide a clear solution on mixing .
41 . A method as claimed in claim 40, in which the volumetric ratio of the composition to the combined oil and water is between 8: 100 and 20: 1 00 and the volumetric ratio of the water to the oil is between 1 : 1 00 and 10: 1 00.
42. A method as claimed in claim 41 , in which the volumetric ratio of the composition to the combined oil and water is between 1 2,3: 100 and 1 9,8: 1 00 and the volumetric ratio of the water to the oil is between 1 ,7: 1 00 and 8,6: 1 00.
43. A method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 42 inclusive, in which the oil is a fuel oil.
44. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 1 9, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
45. A solution as claimed in claim 37, substantially as herein described and illustrated .
46. A method of forming a solution of oil and water as claimed in claim 40, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
47. A new composition, a new solution, or a new method of forming a solution, substantially as herein described.
PCT/IB1999/000829 1998-05-15 1999-05-07 A composition for mixing oil and water to form a solution WO1999060078A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001062876A1 (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-30 Aae Technologies International Limited Compositions
WO2010053354A2 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-14 Criss Cross Technology Bv A motor fuel additive with enhanced properties, and processes for the production thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4560482A (en) * 1983-12-08 1985-12-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Chemical dispersant for viscous oils
GB2217229A (en) * 1988-04-25 1989-10-25 Enersolve Chemical Company Lim Solubilising composition
EP0409314A1 (en) * 1989-07-17 1991-01-23 ENIRICERCHE S.p.A. Stable, single-phased solutions of water-in-oil microemulsions derived from crude oil and allied products and which contain microorganisms and/or parts thereof

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001062876A1 (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-30 Aae Technologies International Limited Compositions
WO2010053354A2 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-14 Criss Cross Technology Bv A motor fuel additive with enhanced properties, and processes for the production thereof
WO2010053354A3 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-11-04 Criss Cross Technology Bv A motor fuel additive with enhanced properties, and processes for the production thereof

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