WO1999054843A1 - Radio-interrogation data carrier - Google Patents

Radio-interrogation data carrier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999054843A1
WO1999054843A1 PCT/DE1999/001184 DE9901184W WO9954843A1 WO 1999054843 A1 WO1999054843 A1 WO 1999054843A1 DE 9901184 W DE9901184 W DE 9901184W WO 9954843 A1 WO9954843 A1 WO 9954843A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data carrier
antenna
radio
carrier according
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/001184
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolf-Eckhart Bulst
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1999054843A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999054843A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07318—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by hindering electromagnetic reading or writing
    • G06K19/07327—Passive means, e.g. Faraday cages
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07345—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by activating or deactivating at least a part of the circuit on the record carrier, e.g. ON/OFF switches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0873—Details of the card reader
    • G07F7/088—Details of the card reader the card reader being part of the point of sale [POS] terminal or electronic cash register [ECR] itself
    • G07F7/0886—Details of the card reader the card reader being part of the point of sale [POS] terminal or electronic cash register [ECR] itself the card reader being portable for interacting with a POS or ECR in realizing a payment transaction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0067—Devices for protecting against damage from electrostatic discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2221/00—Actuators
    • H01H2221/008—Actuators other then push button
    • H01H2221/014—Slide selector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2221/00—Actuators
    • H01H2221/008—Actuators other then push button
    • H01H2221/016—Lever; Rocker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2231/00—Applications
    • H01H2231/05—Card, e.g. credit card

Definitions

  • Radio-interrogable data carrier
  • Remotely readable data carriers are used to detect or identify objects or people.
  • radio-data media which can be queried are becoming increasingly interesting, in which the data can be read out over a greater distance up to several meters and without a predetermined spatial constellation of the data medium relative to the interrogation unit.
  • data carriers can also be hidden and, for example, attached to or under clothing without the interrogation or reading being disturbed thereby.
  • This abusive access can consist of listening to the code and thus experiencing it, abusive person monitoring, manipulating the code by changing or deleting it, or the code 2 to imitate or multiply in order to gain improper access, access or other rights to the belongings of the owner of the data carrier.
  • a known but complex method is to cryptologically advance the security code both in the data carrier and in the interrogation device.
  • a shared secret between the data carrier and the interrogator e.g. B. a 64 bit sequence - selected to generate data with the help of complex mathematical calculations, which serve both the parameter comparison of transmitter and receiver and the authenticity check of the transmitted message.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a radio-interceptable data carrier with increased security against misuse, in which in particular the increased security is achieved with little effort.
  • a data carrier which can be queried according to the invention is equipped in a manner known per se with an antenna for receiving a query signal and for sending a response signal back, and with a code carrier connected to the antenna, which generates a coded response signal upon receipt of a query signal.
  • the data carrier has means which optionally prevent or enable the transmission of response signals or the reception of query signals.
  • radio shielding means that at least the antenna 3 shield against the reception of query signals.
  • the data carrier can only be queried if the authorized owner or owner of the data carrier expressly permits it or if he releases the data carrier for querying. If he does not do this, the means m reliably prevent the data carrier from being queried by radio. In this way, misuse of the data carrier is completely impossible, at least if the means are not released.
  • the release of the data carrier can only take place when required, and this can be done for an arbitrarily short period of time that is sufficient for the query. If this release time is minimized, which is only possible with the invention, the security is further increased.
  • switching means for coupling and uncoupling the antenna to and from the code carrier are provided in accordance with the invention.
  • switching means for coupling and uncoupling the antenna to and from the code carrier are provided in accordance with the invention.
  • these switching means are electromechanical switches for interrupting or closing a circuit or a signal line.
  • the switches are preferably designed in such a way that the "operating state" of the data carrier can be clearly recognized. This can be achieved with switching means which are moved to a different position or position when actuated, the operating state being able to be read from the position.
  • These can be, for example, push-button switches, slide switches or toggle switches. 4
  • FIG. 1 shows a data carrier in a schematic top view in the two possible “operating states”.
  • Figure 2 shows a data carrier with shielding means.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show data carriers provided with switching means.
  • Figure 1 shows a first simple embodiment of the invention with integrated radio shielding means.
  • the data carrier 1 comprises a carrier 2, which is usually designed in the manner of a chip card.
  • Antenna 3 is superficially visible, applied here on a narrow side on support 2 and optionally covered by a protective layer.
  • the carrier 2 can be a chip card into which the code carrier is cast, injected or otherwise integrated.
  • the code carrier itself is a device known per se and comprises, for example, a microelectronic circuit, a surface wave component, a resonance arrangement or a comparable device which can interact with a radio interrogation signal and can generate a coded response signal.
  • the interrogation signal is usually a suitable radio signal which is received by the antenna 3 and forwarded to the code carrier. There it is modified, modulated or filtered in a typical manner, the result being an encoded response signal which can be sent back via the same antenna 3.
  • a simple frequency modification can be a simple modification or coding of a received interrogation signal.
  • enter a query signal for example in the form of a pulse 5 generate response signal, which consists of a series of response pulses, which in turn represent a code. This is achieved, for example, in a simple manner using SAW ID tags or SAW ID sensors, in which the received query signal is converted into an acoustic surface wave, reflected on coding reflectors and the echoes are converted back into the response signal.
  • the data carrier shown has a radio shielding means 41, which is designed here as an electromagnetically sealed cover on the surface of the carrier.
  • the cover is designed to be displaceable, FIG. 1 a showing a data carrier with an exposed antenna 3, while in FIG. 1 b the cover 41 is pushed over the antenna. In this position, the antenna is completely shielded from electromagnetic radiation and cannot receive an interrogation signal.
  • the electromagnetically sealed shielding is achieved with metal, the shielding means being able to consist entirely of metal, of any material coated with metal or of a material containing metal.
  • the shielding means are designed to be mechanically so stable that they are self-supporting as slides for covering the antenna 3.
  • the shielding can be carried out from one side, the shielding means being applied superficially to the carrier 2.
  • the shielding means 41 m in the form of a sleeve cover the entire data carrier 1 or its
  • This embodiment has the advantage that no additional guides are required for the shielding means 41. It is also possible that the shielding means 41 only grip the carrier laterally, the outer edges of the carrier 2 serving as a guide. A flat design of the shielding means 41 on the upper 6 flat guides of the carrier 2, to which the shielding means are moved. It is also possible for shielding means 41 to insert a corresponding recess on the surface of the carrier 2 in a manner similar to a sliding door, so that the shielding means 41 is not visible when the data carrier 1 is ready for operation.
  • a stop 7 is provided on both sides at the end of the path on which the shielding means 41 are moved.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the radio shielding means envelop the entire data carrier.
  • the radio shielding means 42 are designed as a sheath, in which the data carrier or the carrier 2 can be inserted.
  • the radio shielding means 42 is at least partially made of metal and is electromagnetically sealed. In this embodiment, it is possible to carry out the shielding means from a more or less flexible material.
  • the carrier 2 is only partially pushed into the sleeve 42.
  • the antenna is not shown in FIG. 2. In the fully inserted state, a recess 8 at the open end of the sleeve 42 allows the carrier 2 to be easily gripped.
  • the sleeve and carrier it is possible for the sleeve and carrier to be designed in such a way that the carrier cannot be completely pulled out of the sleeve is possible.
  • Carrier 2 and sleeve 42 thus form a firmly connected unit. The risk that the casing 42 separated from the carrier 2 is lost on its own is thus reduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a data carrier 1 according to the invention, which is provided with a switching means designed as a push-button switch 61.
  • This switching means interferes with the functionality of the data carrier and, for example, the current or signal profile of the antenna-code carrier-antenna is interrupted at one point, or the antenna is short-circuited or vice versa, the antenna-data carrier-antenna function chain is only activated when the button is pressed functional 7 switched on (send / receive).
  • FIG. 3 does not show further details of the data carrier 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the switching means are designed as slide switches 62.
  • This slide switch 62 fulfills the same function as the push-button switch 61 from FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a data carrier in which the switching means are designed as toggle switches 63.
  • housings, boxes, cases or the like are provided as radio shielding means which are adapted to the external shape of the data carrier and which have at least metallic components, so that they are electromagnetically sealed and completely prevent the antenna of the data carrier shield an interrogation signal.
  • the outer shape of the data carrier 1 m in the figures is shown flat and in plate form, but this is not necessary for the invention, but has only been done here for practical reasons.
  • a data carrier according to the invention can have any shape.
  • the shape and design of the shielding means 4 or the switching means 6 can also be varied as desired, since only their function is decisive for the invention.
  • any switch known per se or any switching means known per se is suitable for the data carrier according to the invention.
  • the type and mode of operation of the code carrier is also irrelevant to the invention. So the disk can also be used a battery.
  • passive data carriers are preferably used, in which the energy of the RF interrogation signal is coupled into the data carrier via the antenna m. The further signal processing takes place passively exclusively with the energy coupled in via the antenna, which is still sufficiently high after the response signal has been generated to be received and evaluated by a receiver radiated via the antenna.

Abstract

The invention aims at providing enhanced security in radio-interrogation data carriers against improper interrogations. To this end, optional adjustable means are provided on the data carrier which prevent or authorize the reception of interrogation signals. Said means can be radio shielding means for electromagnetic shielding or switching means for disconnecting the data carrier.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Funkabfragbarer Datenträger.Radio-interrogable data carrier.
Fernauslesbare Datenträger werden zum Erfassen oder Identifizieren von Gegenständen oder Personen eingesetzt. Neben den optisch erfaßbaren zum Beispiel als Bar-Code ausgebildeten Datenträger werden zunehmend funkabfragbare Datenträger interessant, bei denen das Auslesen auf größere Entfernung bis zu mehreren Metern und ohne vorgegebene räumliche Konstellation des Datenträgers zur Abfrageeinheit erfolgen kann. Auch können solche Datenträger versteckt und beispielsweise an oder unter der Kleidung angebracht sein, ohne daß das Abfragen oder Auslesen dadurch gestört wird. Solche gegebenenfalls programmierbare Datenträger sind beispielsweise als Identifizierungsmarken (= ID-Tags) , Sensormarken (= Sensor-Tags) oder als programmierbare Datenträger wie beispielsweise Chipkarten ausgebildet. Ihr Einsatz ist in den verschiedensten Lebensbereichen wie beispielsweise Wohnen, Arbeiten, Einkaufen oder Urlaub/ Reisen denkbar. Mit ihnen lassen sich Funktionen realisieren, von denen hier beispielsweise nur Präsenzdetektion, Authentifizierung, Zutritts- oder Zugriffsberechtigung, personengebundenes Monitoring/Schalten/Agieren, genannt sein. Selbstverständlich ist der Einsatz auch zum Identifizieren oder Beobachten von Gegenständen möglich. Komplexe Vorgänge des täglichen Lebens können damit erleichtert, Waren- und Verkehrsströme gesichert, industrielle und sicherheitsrelevante Prozesse rationalisiert bzw. effizienter gestaltet werden.Remotely readable data carriers are used to detect or identify objects or people. In addition to the optically detectable data media, for example in the form of a bar code, radio-data media which can be queried are becoming increasingly interesting, in which the data can be read out over a greater distance up to several meters and without a predetermined spatial constellation of the data medium relative to the interrogation unit. Such data carriers can also be hidden and, for example, attached to or under clothing without the interrogation or reading being disturbed thereby. Such possibly programmable data carriers are designed, for example, as identification marks (= ID tags), sensor marks (= sensor tags) or as programmable data carriers such as chip cards. They can be used in a wide variety of areas of life, such as living, working, shopping or vacationing / traveling. They can be used to implement functions, of which only presence detection, authentication, access or access authorization, person-related monitoring / switching / acting are mentioned here. Of course, it can also be used to identify or observe objects. Complex processes of daily life can be facilitated, goods and traffic flows secured, industrial and security-related processes rationalized or made more efficient.
Insbesondere im Bereich des personengebundenen automatischen Individualservice besteht in diesem Zusammenhang jedoch die Gefahr eines unerwünschten oder mißbräuchlichen Zugriffs auf den Code des Datenträgers. Dieser mißbräuchliche Zugriff kann darin bestehen, den Code abzuhören und somit zu erfahren, mißbräuchlich ein Personenmonitoring durchzuführen, den Code durch Verändern oder Löschen zu manipulieren oder den Code 2 nachzuahmen oder zu vervielfachen, um sich mißbräuchlich Zutritt, Zugriff oder sonstige Rechte an Hab und Gut des Eigentumers des Datenträgers zu verschaffen.In this context, in particular in the area of personal, automatic individual service, there is a risk of undesired or improper access to the code of the data carrier. This abusive access can consist of listening to the code and thus experiencing it, abusive person monitoring, manipulating the code by changing or deleting it, or the code 2 to imitate or multiply in order to gain improper access, access or other rights to the belongings of the owner of the data carrier.
Für die meisten Datenträger existieren keine Sicherheitsmaßnahmen gegen unerlaubtes Fernabfragen. Eine bekannte aber aufwendige Methode besteht darin, sowohl im Datenträger als auch im Abfragegerat den Sicherheitscode kryptologisch fortzuschalten. Bei diesem Verfahren wird zwischen Datenträger und Abfragegerat ein gemeinsames Geheimnis - z. B. eine 64 bit-Folge - gewählt, um mit Hilfe komplexer mathematischer Berechnungen Daten zu generieren, die sowohl den Parameterab- gleich von Sender und Empfanger als auch der Echtheitsprufung der übertragenden Nachricht dienen.For most data carriers, there are no security measures against unauthorized remote access. A known but complex method is to cryptologically advance the security code both in the data carrier and in the interrogation device. In this method, a shared secret between the data carrier and the interrogator - e.g. B. a 64 bit sequence - selected to generate data with the help of complex mathematical calculations, which serve both the parameter comparison of transmitter and receiver and the authenticity check of the transmitted message.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen funkabfragbaren Datenträger mit erhöhter Sicherheit gegenüber mißbräuchlicher Abfrage anzugeben, bei dem insbesondere die erhöhte Sicherheit mit geringem Aufwand erreicht wird.The object of the present invention is to provide a radio-interceptable data carrier with increased security against misuse, in which in particular the increased security is achieved with little effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfmdungsgemäß durch einen funkabfragba- ren Datenträger mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelost. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteranspruche .According to the invention, this object is achieved by a data carrier which can be queried by radio and has the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.
Ein erfmdungsgemaßer funkabfragbarer Datenträger ist in an sich bekannter Weise mit einer Antenne zum Empfangen eines Abfragesignals und zum Rucksenden eines Anwortsignals, sowie mit einem mit der Antenne verbundenen Codetrager ausgestat- tet, der auf den Empfang eines Abfragesignals hin ein codiertes Antwortsignal erzeugt. Erfmdungsgemäß weist der Daten- trager Mittel auf, die das Aussenden von Antwortsignalen oder das Empfangen von Abfragesignalen wahlweise verhindern oder freigeben.A data carrier which can be queried according to the invention is equipped in a manner known per se with an antenna for receiving a query signal and for sending a response signal back, and with a code carrier connected to the antenna, which generates a coded response signal upon receipt of a query signal. According to the invention, the data carrier has means which optionally prevent or enable the transmission of response signals or the reception of query signals.
Dies wird in einfacher Weise erreicht, indem entweder Funk- Abschirmmittel vorgesehen werden, die zumindest die Antenne 3 gegen den Empfang von Abfragesignalen abschirmen. Damit ist die Abfrage des Datenträgers nur dann möglich, wenn es der berechtigte Inhaber oder Besitzer des Datenträgers ausdrücklich gestattet oder wenn er den Datenträger zur Abfrage freigibt. Tut er dies nicht, so verhindern die Mittel m sicherer Weise, daß der Datenträger per Funk abgefragt werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist ein mißbräuchliches Abfragen des Daten- tragers zumindest bei nicht freigegebener Einstellung der Mittel vollständig unmöglich.This is achieved in a simple manner by either providing radio shielding means that at least the antenna 3 shield against the reception of query signals. This means that the data carrier can only be queried if the authorized owner or owner of the data carrier expressly permits it or if he releases the data carrier for querying. If he does not do this, the means m reliably prevent the data carrier from being queried by radio. In this way, misuse of the data carrier is completely impossible, at least if the means are not released.
Mit der Erfindung kann die Freigabe des Datenträgers nur bei Bedarf erfolgen, wobei dies für eine beliebig kurze jedoch für die Abfrage ausreichende Zeitspanne erfolgen kann. Wird diese Freigabezeit minimiert, was nur mit der Erfindung mog- lieh ist, wird die Sicherheit weiter erhöht.With the invention, the release of the data carrier can only take place when required, and this can be done for an arbitrarily short period of time that is sufficient for the query. If this release time is minimized, which is only possible with the invention, the security is further increased.
Alternativ oder in Ergänzung zu den Funk-Abschirmmitteln sind beim Datenträger erf dungsgemaß Schaltmittel zur An- und Abkopplung der Antenne am und vom Codetrager vorgesehen. Mit diesen Schaltmitteln ist ein direkter Eingriff in die Funktionsweise des Datenträgers möglich, mit dem der Datenträger gewissermaßen ein- oder ausgeschaltet werden kann. Dementsprechend können die Schaltmittel an einer beliebigen Stelle des Datenträgers die Funktion des Datenträgers durch Kurz- Schluß oder Unterbrechung einer Signalleitung unterbinden.As an alternative or in addition to the radio shielding means, switching means for coupling and uncoupling the antenna to and from the code carrier are provided in accordance with the invention. With these switching means, a direct intervention in the functioning of the data carrier is possible, with which the data carrier can be switched on or off to a certain extent. Accordingly, the switching means at any point on the data carrier can prevent the function of the data carrier by short-circuiting or interrupting a signal line.
Im einfachsten Fall sind diese Schaltmittel elektromechani- sche Schalter zum Unterbrechen oder Schließen eines Stromkreises oder einer Signalleitung. Vorzugsweise sind die Schalter so ausgeführt, daß der „Betriebszustand" des Daten- tragers gut erkennbar ist. Dies kann mit Schaltmitteln erreicht werden, die beim Betatigen eine andere Position oder Stellung gebracht werden, wobei an der Stellung der Be- triebszustand abgelesen werden kann. Dies können beispiels- weise DruckknopfSchalter, Schiebeschalter oder Kippschalter sein. 4 Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausfuhrungsbei- spielen und der dazu gehörigen Figuren naher erläutert.In the simplest case, these switching means are electromechanical switches for interrupting or closing a circuit or a signal line. The switches are preferably designed in such a way that the "operating state" of the data carrier can be clearly recognized. This can be achieved with switching means which are moved to a different position or position when actuated, the operating state being able to be read from the position. These can be, for example, push-button switches, slide switches or toggle switches. 4 The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the associated figures.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Datenträger in schematischer Draufsicht in den beiden möglichen „Betnebszustanden" .FIG. 1 shows a data carrier in a schematic top view in the two possible “operating states”.
Figur 2 zeigt einen Datenträger mit Abschirmmitteln.Figure 2 shows a data carrier with shielding means.
Figuren 3 bis 5 zeigen mit Schaltmitteln versehene Datentra- ger.FIGS. 3 to 5 show data carriers provided with switching means.
Figur 1 zeigt eine erste einfache Ausfuhrung der Erfindung mit integrierten Funk-Abschirmmitteln. Der Datenträger 1 umfaßt einen Trager 2, welcher üblicherweise m der Art einer Chipkarte ausgestaltet ist. Oberflächlich sichtbar ist die Antenne 3, die hier an einer Schmalseite auf dem Trager 2 aufgebracht und gegebenenfalls mittels einer Schutzschicht abgedeckt ist. Der Trager 2 kann eine Chipkarte sein, in die der Codetrager eingegossen, eingespritzt oder sonstwie mte- griert ist.Figure 1 shows a first simple embodiment of the invention with integrated radio shielding means. The data carrier 1 comprises a carrier 2, which is usually designed in the manner of a chip card. Antenna 3 is superficially visible, applied here on a narrow side on support 2 and optionally covered by a protective layer. The carrier 2 can be a chip card into which the code carrier is cast, injected or otherwise integrated.
Der Codetrager selbst ist eine an sich bekannte Vorrichtung und umfaßt beispielsweise einen mikroelektronischen Schaltkreis, ein Oberflachenwellenbauteil, eine Resonanzanordnung oder eine vergleichbare Vorrichtung, die mit einem Funk- abfragesignal in Wechselwirkung treten und ein codiertes Antwortsignal erzeugen kann.The code carrier itself is a device known per se and comprises, for example, a microelectronic circuit, a surface wave component, a resonance arrangement or a comparable device which can interact with a radio interrogation signal and can generate a coded response signal.
Üblicherweise ist das Abfragesignal ein geeignetes Funksi- gnal, welches von der Antenne 3 empfangen und an den Codetrager weitergeleitet wird. Dort wird es m einer typischen Weise modifiziert, moduliert oder gefiltert, wobei als Ergebnis ein codiertes Antwortsignal entsteht, das über die gleiche Antenne 3 zurückgesendet werden kann. Eine einfache Modifi- zierung bzw. Codierung eines empfangenen Abfragesignals kann eine bestimmte Frequenzantwort sein. Möglich ist es jedoch auch, aus einem zum Beispiel pulsformigen Abfragesignal ein 5 Antwortsignal zu erzeugen, das aus einer Serie von Antwortimpulsen besteht, die wiederum einen Code darstellen. Dies wird beispielsweise einfacher Weise mit OFW-ID-Tags oder OFW- ID-Sensoren erreicht, bei denen das empfangene Abfragesignal in eine akustische Oberflachenwelle verwandelt, an codierenden Reflektoren gespiegelt und die Echos in das Antwortsignal zuruckgewandelt werden.The interrogation signal is usually a suitable radio signal which is received by the antenna 3 and forwarded to the code carrier. There it is modified, modulated or filtered in a typical manner, the result being an encoded response signal which can be sent back via the same antenna 3. A simple frequency modification can be a simple modification or coding of a received interrogation signal. However, it is also possible to enter a query signal, for example in the form of a pulse 5 generate response signal, which consists of a series of response pulses, which in turn represent a code. This is achieved, for example, in a simple manner using SAW ID tags or SAW ID sensors, in which the received query signal is converted into an acoustic surface wave, reflected on coding reflectors and the echoes are converted back into the response signal.
Erfmdungsgemäß weist der dargestellte Datenträger ein Funk- Abschirmmittel 41 auf, welches hier als elektromagnetisch dichte Abdeckung auf der Oberflache des Tragers ausgebildet ist. In diesem Fall ist die Abdeckung verschiebbar ausgebildet, wobei Figur la einen Datenträger mit freiliegender Antenne 3 zeigt, wahrend in Figur lb die Abdeckung 41 über die Antenne geschoben ist. In dieser Stellung ist die Antenne vollständig von elektromagnetischer Strahlung abgeschirmt und kann kein Abfragesignal empfangen.According to the invention, the data carrier shown has a radio shielding means 41, which is designed here as an electromagnetically sealed cover on the surface of the carrier. In this case, the cover is designed to be displaceable, FIG. 1 a showing a data carrier with an exposed antenna 3, while in FIG. 1 b the cover 41 is pushed over the antenna. In this position, the antenna is completely shielded from electromagnetic radiation and cannot receive an interrogation signal.
Die elektromagnetisch dichte Abschirmung gelingt mit Metall, wobei die Abschirmmittel vollständig aus Metall, aus einem beliebigen mit Metall beschichteten Material oder aus einem Metall enthaltenden Material bestehen können. In der in Figur 1 abgebildeten Ausfuhrungsform sind die Abschirmmittel mechanisch so stabil ausgebildet, daß sie selbsttragend als Schie- ber zur Abdeckung der Antenne 3 geeignet sind.The electromagnetically sealed shielding is achieved with metal, the shielding means being able to consist entirely of metal, of any material coated with metal or of a material containing metal. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the shielding means are designed to be mechanically so stable that they are self-supporting as slides for covering the antenna 3.
Die Abschirmung kann dabei von einer Seite erfolgen, wobei die Abschirmmittel oberflächlich auf dem Trager 2 aufgebracht sind. Möglich ist es jedoch auch, daß die Abschirmmittel 41 m Form einer Hülse den gesamten Datenträger 1 bzw. dessenThe shielding can be carried out from one side, the shielding means being applied superficially to the carrier 2. However, it is also possible that the shielding means 41 m in the form of a sleeve cover the entire data carrier 1 or its
Trager 2 umgreifen und so die Antenne 3 auch von der Ruckseite des Tragers her abschirmen. Diese Ausfuhrung hat den Vorteil, daß f r die Abschirmmittel 41 keine zusätzlichen Fuhrungen erforderlich sind. Möglich ist es auch, daß die Ab- schirmmittel 41 den Trager nur seitlich umgreifen, wobei die Außenkanten des Tragers 2 als Fuhrung dienen. Eine flache Ausgestaltung der Abschirmmittel 41 erfordern auf der Ober- 6 flache des Tragers 2 aufgebrachte F hrungen, denen die Abschirmmittel bewegt werden. Möglich ist es auch, daß Abschirmmittel 41 ähnlich wie eine Schiebeture eine entsprechende Ausnehmung auf der Oberflache des Tragers 2 einzuschieben, so daß die Abschirmmittel 41 im betriebsbereiten Zustand des Datenträgers 1 nicht sichtbar ist.Hold the carrier 2 and shield the antenna 3 from the back of the carrier. This embodiment has the advantage that no additional guides are required for the shielding means 41. It is also possible that the shielding means 41 only grip the carrier laterally, the outer edges of the carrier 2 serving as a guide. A flat design of the shielding means 41 on the upper 6 flat guides of the carrier 2, to which the shielding means are moved. It is also possible for shielding means 41 to insert a corresponding recess on the surface of the carrier 2 in a manner similar to a sliding door, so that the shielding means 41 is not visible when the data carrier 1 is ready for operation.
In Figur 1 ist beiderseits am Ende des Weges, auf dem die Abschirmmittel 41 bewegt werden, ein Anschlag 7 vorgesehen.In Figure 1, a stop 7 is provided on both sides at the end of the path on which the shielding means 41 are moved.
Figur 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausfuhrung der Erfindung, bei der die Funk-Abschirmmittel den gesamten Datenträger umhüllen. In der Figur sind die Funk-Abschirmmittel 42 als Hülle ausgebildet, m die der Datenträger bzw. der Trager 2 einschiebbar ist. Auch hier besteht das Funk-Abschirmmittel 42 zumindest teilweise aus Metall und ist elektromagnetisch dicht. Bei dieser Ausfuhrung ist es möglich, die Abschirmmittel aus einem mehr oder weniger flexiblen Material auszuf hren. In der Figur ist der Trager 2 nur teilweise in die Hülle 42 emge- schoben. Die Antenne ist in der Figur 2 nicht dargestellt. Im ganz eingeschobenen Zustand erlaubt eine Aussparung 8 am offenen Ende der Hülle 42 ein einfaches Anfassen des Tragers 2. In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es möglich, daß Hülle und Trager so ausgebildet sind, daß ein vollständiges Her- ausziehen des Tragers aus der Hülle nicht möglich ist. Trager 2 und Hülle 42 bilden so eine fest verbundene Einheit. Die Gefahr, daß die vom Trager 2 getrennte Hülle 42 so allein verlorengeht, ist damit reduziert.FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the radio shielding means envelop the entire data carrier. In the figure, the radio shielding means 42 are designed as a sheath, in which the data carrier or the carrier 2 can be inserted. Here too, the radio shielding means 42 is at least partially made of metal and is electromagnetically sealed. In this embodiment, it is possible to carry out the shielding means from a more or less flexible material. In the figure, the carrier 2 is only partially pushed into the sleeve 42. The antenna is not shown in FIG. 2. In the fully inserted state, a recess 8 at the open end of the sleeve 42 allows the carrier 2 to be easily gripped. In one embodiment of the invention, it is possible for the sleeve and carrier to be designed in such a way that the carrier cannot be completely pulled out of the sleeve is possible. Carrier 2 and sleeve 42 thus form a firmly connected unit. The risk that the casing 42 separated from the carrier 2 is lost on its own is thus reduced.
Figur 3 zeigt einen erf dungsgemaßen Datenträger 1, der mit einem als DruckknopfSchalter 61 ausgebildeten Schaltmittel versehen ist. Mit diesem Schaltmittel wird in die Funktions- fahigkeit des Datenträgers eingegriffen und beispielsweise der Strom- oder Signalverlauf Antenne-Codetrager-Antenne an einer Stelle unterbrochen, oder die Antenne kurzgeschlossen oder umgekehrt, die Funktionskette Antenne-Datentrager- Antenne wird nur für den Zeitpunkt des Tastendrucks funkti- 7 onsfahig (sende-/ empfangsfahig) geschaltet. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber wird der Figur 3 auf die Darstellung weiterer Details des Datenträgers 1 verzichtet.FIG. 3 shows a data carrier 1 according to the invention, which is provided with a switching means designed as a push-button switch 61. This switching means interferes with the functionality of the data carrier and, for example, the current or signal profile of the antenna-code carrier-antenna is interrupted at one point, or the antenna is short-circuited or vice versa, the antenna-data carrier-antenna function chain is only activated when the button is pressed functional 7 switched on (send / receive). For the sake of clarity, FIG. 3 does not show further details of the data carrier 1.
Figur 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Schaltmittel als Schiebeschalter 62 ausgebildet sind. Dieser Schiebeschalter 62 erfüllt die gleiche Funktion wie der DruckknopfSchalter 61 aus Figur 3.FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which the switching means are designed as slide switches 62. This slide switch 62 fulfills the same function as the push-button switch 61 from FIG. 3.
Figur 5 zeigt einen Datenträger, be dem die Schaltmittel als Kippschalter 63 ausgebildet sind.FIG. 5 shows a data carrier in which the switching means are designed as toggle switches 63.
In einer weiteren nicht dargestellten Ausf hrung der Erfindung sind als Funk-Abschirmmittel der äußeren Form des Daten- tragers angepaßte Gehäuse, Schachteln, Etuis oder dergleichen vorgesehen, die zumindest metallische Bestandteile aufweisen, so daß sie elektromagnetisch dicht sind und die Antenne des Datenträgers vollständig gegen ein Abfragesignal abschirmen.In a further embodiment of the invention, not shown, housings, boxes, cases or the like are provided as radio shielding means which are adapted to the external shape of the data carrier and which have at least metallic components, so that they are electromagnetically sealed and completely prevent the antenna of the data carrier shield an interrogation signal.
Neben den m den Figuren dargestellten Ausf hrungen der Erfindung kann diese außerdem noch m einer beliebigen Anzahl weiterer Variationen verwirklicht werden. So ist beispielsweise die äußere Form des Datenträgers 1 m den Figuren flach und plattchenformig dargestellt, was aber für die Erfindung nicht notwendig ist, sondern hier nur aus praktischen Erwägungen heraus erfolgt ist. Ein erf dungsgemaßer Datenträger kann eine beliebige Form aufweisen.In addition to the embodiments of the invention shown in the figures, this can also be implemented in any number of further variations. For example, the outer shape of the data carrier 1 m in the figures is shown flat and in plate form, but this is not necessary for the invention, but has only been done here for practical reasons. A data carrier according to the invention can have any shape.
Auch die Form und die Ausgestaltung der Abschirmmittel 4 oder der Schaltmittel 6 ist beliebig variierbar, da lediglich deren Funktion für die Erfindung entscheidend ist. Theoretisch ist jeder an sich bekannte Schalter oder jedes an sich bekannte Schaltmittel für den erfmdungsgemaßen Datenträger geeignet .The shape and design of the shielding means 4 or the switching means 6 can also be varied as desired, since only their function is decisive for the invention. In theory, any switch known per se or any switching means known per se is suitable for the data carrier according to the invention.
Auch die Art und die Funktionsweise des Codetragers ist für die Erfindung ohne Belang. So kann der Datenträger auch mit einer Batterie ausgestaltet sein. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch passive Datenträger verwendet, bei denen die Energie des HF- Abfragesignals über die Antenne m den Datenträger eingekoppelt wird. Die weitere Signalverarbeitung verlauft passiv ausschließlich mit der über die Antenne eingekoppelten Energie, die nach dem Erzeugen des Antwortsignals noch ausreichend hoch ist, um über die Antenne abgestrahlt von einem Empfanger empfangen und ausgewertet zu werden. The type and mode of operation of the code carrier is also irrelevant to the invention. So the disk can also be used a battery. However, passive data carriers are preferably used, in which the energy of the RF interrogation signal is coupled into the data carrier via the antenna m. The further signal processing takes place passively exclusively with the energy coupled in via the antenna, which is still sufficiently high after the response signal has been generated to be received and evaluated by a receiver radiated via the antenna.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Funkabfragbarer Datenträger (1) mit1. Radio-interrogable data carrier (1) with
- zumindest einer Antenne (3) zum Empfangen eines Abfragesi- gnals und zum Rücksenden eines Antwortsignals- At least one antenna (3) for receiving a query signal and for sending back a response signal
- einem mit der Antenne verbundenen Codeträger (2), der aus dem empfangenen Abfragesignal ein codiertes Antwortsignal erzeugt- A code carrier (2) connected to the antenna, which generates a coded response signal from the received query signal
- Mitteln, die wahlweise einstellbar sind, um das Aussenden von Antwortsignalen oder das Empfangen von Abfragesignalen zu verhindern oder freizugeben.- Means that are selectively adjustable to prevent the transmission of response signals or the reception of query signals or to release.
2. Datenträger nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Mittel (4, 6) zum wahlweisen Verhindern oder Freigeben fest mit dem Datenträger verbunden sind.2. Data carrier according to claim 1, wherein the means (4, 6) for selectively preventing or releasing are firmly connected to the data carrier.
3. Datenträger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem Funk-Abschirmmittel (4) als Mittel zur Verhinderung des Empfangs von Abfragesignalen vorgesehen sind.3. A data carrier according to claim 1 or 2, in which radio shielding means (4) are provided as means for preventing the reception of query signals.
4. Datenträger nach Anspruch 3, bei dem als Funk-Abschirmmittel (4) eine elektromagnetisch dichte Abdeckung (42) oder Hülle für den Datenträger vorgesehen ist.4. A data carrier according to claim 3, in which an electromagnetically sealed cover (42) or sleeve for the data carrier is provided as the radio shielding means (4).
5. Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, bei dem als Funk-Abschirmmittel (4) eine Metallfolie, eine metallisch beschichtete Folie oder ein zumindest teilweise metallisches Gehäuse vorgesehen sind.5. Data carrier according to one of claims 3 or 4, in which a metal foil, a metal-coated film or an at least partially metallic housing are provided as radio shielding means (4).
6. Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 3-5, bei dem die Funk-Abschirmmittel (4) der Form des Datenträgers angepaßt sind und als Schutzhülle (42), Etui oder Gehäuse ausgebildet sind.6. Data carrier according to one of claims 3-5, in which the radio shielding means (4) are adapted to the shape of the data carrier and are designed as a protective cover (42), case or housing.
7. Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, 10 bei dem Schaltmittel (61, 62, 63) zur An- und Abkopplung der Antenne (3) am und vom Codetrager (2) vorgesehen sind.7. Data carrier according to one of claims 1-6, 10 in which switching means (61, 62, 63) for coupling and decoupling the antenna (3) to and from the code carrier (2) are provided.
8. Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, bei dem Mittel zum Kurzschließen der Antenne (3) vorgesehen sind.8. Data carrier according to one of claims 1-6, in which means for short-circuiting the antenna (3) are provided.
9. Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8, bei dem Mittel (61, 62, 63) zum Inaktivieren des Codetragers 2 vorgesehen sind.9. Data carrier according to one of claims 1-8, in which means (61, 62, 63) for deactivating the code carrier 2 are provided.
10. Datenträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1-9, bei dem der Codeträger (2) verwirklicht ist als passiver Mikroelektronischer Schaltkreis, Oberflächenwellenbauelement oder Resonanzanordnung. 10. Data carrier according to one of claims 1-9, in which the code carrier (2) is realized as a passive microelectronic circuit, surface acoustic wave component or resonance arrangement.
PCT/DE1999/001184 1998-04-20 1999-04-20 Radio-interrogation data carrier WO1999054843A1 (en)

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DE1998117566 DE19817566A1 (en) 1998-04-20 1998-04-20 Remote accessing of a data carrier
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