WO1999053592A1

WO1999053592A1 - Device and method for supplying an electric load with electric energy

Info

Publication number: WO1999053592A1
Application number: PCT/DE1999/000961
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Weinhold; Ulrich Halfmann
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 1998-04-09
Filing date: 1999-03-30
Publication date: 1999-10-21

Abstract

To continue to supply an electric load (2) connected to an electricity supply network (4) with energy during an interruption in the power supply, the invention provides for a device (1) having an energy storage element (8) from which electric power can be supplied to the load (2) via an externally commutated power converter (9). Said externally commutated power converter (9) can be short-circuited on the side of the energy storage element. The device (1) can further comprise an alternating voltage source (6) which is able to supply a voltage (U5) required for commutating the externally commutated power converter (9).

Description

description

Arrangement and method for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load

The invention relates to an arrangement for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load, which is connected via an electrical line to an electrical energy supply network. The invention further relates to a method for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load.

US Pat. No. 5,514,915 describes an energy stabilization system for an electrical load, which is connected to an electrical energy supply network via an electrical line. The energy stabilization system can be connected in parallel to the load and has a disconnecting device with which the electrical energy supply network can be disconnected from the electrical line. The energy stabilization system also has a superconducting magnet, which is connected to an energy storage cell via a voltage regulator. The energy storage cell is coupled to the electrical line via a converter and a transformer. To stabilize the energy supply to the load, energy is taken from the superconducting magnet and fed to the energy storage cell via the voltage regulator. The energy stored in the energy storage cell is transferred to the line and thus to the load via the converter and the transformer. The superconducting magnet is connected to the energy supply network via an additional electrical path and can be charged via this.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple circuit arrangement and a method for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load. According to the invention, the object directed to an arrangement for electrical energy supply is achieved by an arrangement for electrical energy supply to an electrical one Load, which is connected to an electrical power supply network via an electrical line, with an electrical energy source and with a control device, the energy source having an externally managed converter and an energy store, which can be connected to the load via the externally managed converter, and wherein the control device with the externally managed converter is connected to its control.

It is assumed that the electrical load can be, for example, a factory, in particular for the production of semiconductor components, which requires a stable, fail-safe energy supply. A power failure can cause a production process in the factory to be significantly disrupted. A disruption in the production process may require that it be restarted or that part of the results of the production process cannot be used. The load can also be a further energy supply network, it being possible, for example, to require that the further energy supply network be used to supply energy according to predetermined quality features.

In the present case, an energy supply network is understood to mean, for example, a three-phase medium-voltage or low-voltage network, in particular for energy distribution, or a three-phase high-voltage network, in particular for energy transmission.

For the electrical energy supply of the electrical load, a current can be emitted from the energy store of the energy source, which current can be converted with the externally managed converter and can be emitted to the load. Intermediate storage of a current delivered by the energy store of the energy source in an energy storage cell, which is required in the prior art, can be omitted. The power can be fed directly to the externally managed power converter. By eliminating one Intermediate storage of the necessary energy storage cell simplifies the circuitry of the energy source.

The configuration of the converter as a third-party converter offers the advantage of lower costs compared to a configuration as a self-controlled converter. A voltage required for guiding the externally controlled converter can be taken from the electrical power supply network via the electrical line.

An instantaneous power can preferably be delivered from the energy source to the load, the instantaneous power that can be delivered being adaptable to an instantaneous power requirement of the load. Active power can be delivered to the load and / or reactive power can be exchanged between the energy source and the load, the ratio of reactive power to active power being controllable with a constant active power.

The converter is preferably designed such that it can be short-circuited on the energy storage side via a preferably controllable electrical path. In practice, the electrical path is also referred to as the zero anode. The current emitted by the energy store can be short-circuited via the electrical path. By appropriately controlling the electrical path, the current can be redirected, in particular for short time intervals, to ensure that no redirected current can be delivered to the load in the time intervals. The ratio and the instantaneous power that can be output can be controlled by a corresponding time control of the electrical path in conjunction with a control of further circuit parts of the externally controlled converter.

The current, which is redirected to the load by the externally managed converter, generally has several harmonics with different frequencies. An operating characteristic of the converter during the conversion the pulse number is large. The higher the pulse number, the higher the respective frequencies of the harmonics. An externally controlled converter can generally be operated with a high number of pulses, so that the harmonics caused by it have high frequencies. Harmonics with high frequencies are advantageous because they can be filtered with little effort in terms of circuitry.

An externally managed converter has a reactive power requirement that is necessary for the conversion. This reactive power requirement is usually reduced by a phase sequence control of the externally controlled converter, which simultaneously reduces the number of pulses and, undesirably, the frequency of the harmonics. Because the externally guided power converter according to the invention can be short-circuited for conversion, its reactive power requirement is advantageously reduced without the number of pulses and the associated frequencies of the harmonics being reduced.

The electrical path further preferably has at least one

Valve that is particularly controllable. The valve can be designed with a semiconductor valve, for example a semiconductor diode, a thyristor or a switch-off thyristor. In the case of a configuration of the valve as a controllable valve, the short-circuiting of the current via the electrical path can be realized at any time and is technically simple by controlling the valve.

The energy store is preferably designed to store electrical and / or mechanical energy. To store mechanical energy, the energy store can be designed, for example, as a flywheel store. The energy store preferably has a superconducting magnet for storing electrical energy. These types of memory are particularly suitable for the present application, and the superconducting magnet can be designed to store energy from 10 MVAs to 1000 MVAs. The energy source preferably has a transformer, by means of which the externally managed converter can be connected to the load. The transformer can be designed as a separate unit belonging to the arrangement.

Depending on an instantaneous power requirement of the load, the control device can preferably generate a control signal that can be output to the externally managed power converter. The externally controlled power converter can be controlled with the control signal in such a way that an instantaneous power output from the energy source to the load can be largely adapted to the instantaneous power requirement of the load, as a result of which an energy supply that is tailored to the needs can be carried out.

According to a preferred embodiment, the arrangement has an electrical AC voltage source which is connected on the load side to the externally managed converter, wherein a voltage can be at least partially output from the AC voltage source to the externally managed converter. The AC voltage source advantageously makes it possible to provide the voltage required for guiding the externally managed converter independently of the voltage emitted by the power supply network. In the event of slight fluctuations in the voltage emitted by the power supply network, the AC voltage source also serves to stabilize the voltage.

The AC voltage source preferably comprises a DC voltage source and a self-controlled converter. The self-guided converter can be controlled in such a way that a direct voltage supplied by the direct voltage source can be converted into an alternating voltage that can be delivered to the externally managed converter and to the load. The AC voltage serves, at least in part, as a voltage for guiding the externally managed converter. The AC voltage that can be output by the AC voltage source can be superimposed on the voltage output by the power supply network, so that other The voltage output by the power supply network can be counteracted. The voltage required for guiding the externally controlled converter can thus be prepared regardless of the voltage emitted by the power supply network.

The control device of the energy source is preferably connected to the self-commutated converter. This means that the self-commutated converter can be controlled in conjunction with the externally managed converter.

The DC voltage source preferably has an energy store which can be charged from the energy supply network, in particular via the self-commutated converter. The energy storage device can be charged from the energy supply network during a time interval in which it is not necessary to supply an AC voltage by the AC voltage source. The self-commutated converter can be controlled in such a way that the voltage emitted by the electrical power supply network can be converted into a DC voltage with which the energy store of the DC voltage source can be charged. As a result, an electrical path provided only for charging the energy store is not necessary.

The energy store of the DC voltage source further preferably has a capacitor. This configuration is simple in terms of circuitry and can be implemented with components that have been tried and tested in practice.

The arrangement is preferably serial or parallel to that

Switchable load. When the arrangement is connected to the load in series, which load is, for example, a factory, the voltage that can be output by the power supply network can be stabilized in particular. The arrangement can be used to counteract particularly brief, rapid changes in voltage or a deviation of the voltage from the sinusoidal shape. For example, is the load another energy supply 7 supply network, the arrangement with a serial connection can also serve to stabilize the voltage for quality improvement. With such an arrangement, power fluctuations in particular can be steamed. If the arrangement is connected to a branch of the further energy supply network, a power flow over the branch can be influenced with the arrangement.

With an arrangement with a parallel connection of the AC voltage source to the load, in particular one

Reactive power requirement of the load can be covered. In the event of a total failure of the energy supply network, the arrangement can supply the load with energy. With such an arrangement, harmonics of the voltage of the energy supply network or of a current supplied by the energy supply network can also be largely damped. An arrangement with a parallel connection to the load also has the advantage that the power that can be output from the energy supply network does not have to be conducted via the self-commutated converter, so that the energy transmission between the energy supply network and the load is associated with low losses.

The AC voltage source can preferably be connected to the line via a transformer. This provides a galvanic isolation from the load and the AC voltage source, and it is also possible to adapt different voltages.

According to a preferred embodiment, the AC voltage source comprises an instantaneous power generator, which is dimensioned for an exchange of at least one instantaneous power required for the operation of the externally guided converter. An externally managed converter usually has an instantaneous power requirement required for the conversion.

This instantaneous power requirement is due to the AC Coverable source, so that the instantaneous power requirement does not have to be covered from the energy supply network.

Advantageously, a further control signal can be generated by the control device depending on an instantaneous power requirement of the externally controlled converter, which can be fed to the self-controlled converter.

The self-commutated converter can advantageously be controlled with the control signal in such a way that the instantaneous power requirement of the externally managed converter is at least covered by the instantaneous power exchanged with the AC voltage source. Furthermore, the control signal supplied to the externally managed converter and the control signal supplied to the self-managed converter can be coordinated with one another in such a way that the instantaneous power requirement of the externally managed converter and the instantaneous power requirement of the load can be largely covered.

The energy store of the energy source can preferably be charged from the energy supply network, in particular via the externally managed converter.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a controllable isolating element is provided, by means of which the energy supply network can be separated from the line. Thus, in particular in the event of a total failure of the energy supply network, the latter can be disconnected from the line, so that the energy supply network does not act as an additional load with the arrangement when the electrical load is supplied with energy.

A return flow path, in particular a switchable one, is preferably provided to form a closed circuit with the load and the energy source. A closed circuit with the load and the energy source can advantageously be formed with the aid of the return flow path, in particular when the energy supply network is disconnected from the line. In parallel to the energy source, a capacitive memory can also be connected to the line, which serves for the temporary storage and the exchange of reactive power with the energy source and / or the load. A reactive power requirement of the load and / or the energy source can be covered at least partially via the capacitive memory, so that the AC voltage source only has to give a required reactive power component to the load and / or the energy source to cover the reactive power requirement.

According to the invention, the object directed to a method for supplying electrical energy to an electrical load is achieved by a method for supplying energy to an electrical load from an energy source, which comprises an energy store and an externally managed converter connected to the energy store, an alternating voltage being generated and the externally managed converter is led to its leadership.

The AC voltage is preferably generated at least partially by a self-commutated converter. Preferably, instantaneous power is at least partially exchanged between the two converters.

An advantage of the method is that the voltage required for guiding the externally controlled power converter is generated separately and does not have to be taken exclusively from the electrical power supply network. Another advantage is that an instantaneous power requirement of the externally managed converter is at least partially covered by exchanging instantaneous power with the self-guided converter.

The AC voltage is preferably drawn at least partially from an electrical power supply network. The externally controlled converter can be short-circuited on the energy storage side. As a result, a ratio of exchanged 10 ter reactive power and delivered active power at least partially controllable independently of the active power. In the case of an externally controlled power converter, the instantaneous power that can be output can be controlled in conjunction with a short circuit caused by the energy storage.

The arrangement and the method for energy supply are explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a block diagram of an arrangement for energy supply, FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the energy source, and FIG. 3 shows a further arrangement for energy supply with a return flow path.

The reference numerals of all figures have the same meaning. Unless otherwise stated, the voltages and currents in the case of arrangements which are designed for a plurality of phases relate to one of the phases, and the powers referred to relate to the total power emitted by a source or consumed by a sink.

1 shows an arrangement 1 for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load 2. The electrical load 2 is connected to an electrical power supply network 4 via an electrical line 3. The energy supply network 4 can in particular be a three-phase medium-voltage or low-voltage network for energy distribution or a three-phase high-voltage network for energy transmission.

The electrical load 2 can, for example, be a factory, in particular for the production of semiconductor components, which requires a stable, fail-safe energy supply. A power failure with such a load 2 can cause 11 a production process running in the factory is significantly disrupted. A disruption in the production process may require that it be restarted or that part of the results of the production process cannot be used. The load 2 can also be a further energy supply network. The electrical line 3 is designed as a three-phase line 3. The arrangement 1 has an electrical energy source 5 and a control unit 7.

The electrical energy source 5 comprises an energy store 8, which is connected to the line 3 via an externally managed converter 9 and an electrical transformer 10. The converter 9 can optionally also be connected directly to the line 3. The electrical energy store 8 can be designed to store both mechanical and electrical energy and can be designed, for example, as a flywheel store and / or as a magnetic store.

The electrical line 3 also has a first measuring device 20 and a second measuring device 20a, each of which is connected to the control device 7 via a first measuring line 21 and a second measuring device 21a. The measuring device 20a is used to measure a voltage U1 and a current II emitted by the energy supply network 4. The measuring device 20 is used to measure a voltage U2 applied to the load 2 and a current 12 supplied to the load 2. The externally controlled Converter 9 is connected to control device 7 via a third measuring line 11 and a first control line 12.

Operation of the arrangement 1 is as follows:

In normal operation, the electrical power supply network 4 gives the electrical voltage U1 and the electrical current II and thus a corresponding instantaneous electrical power 12

Sl via the electrical line 3 to the load 2. The measuring device 20 measures the voltage U2 applied to the load and the current 12 delivered to the load. Measured values 22 obtained in this way are passed to the control device 7 via the first measuring line 21. The measured values 22 are evaluated in the control device 7, the instantaneous power S2 delivered to the load 2 being determined. A change in the voltage U2, in particular a drop in the voltage U2, and a change in the instantaneous power S2 can thus be detected by the control device 7.

In a disturbance operation for stabilizing the energy supply to the load 2, which is to be understood as counteracting an undesired change in the voltage U2 of the instantaneous power S2, the energy source 5 emits an instantaneous power S3. For this purpose, the energy store 8 of the energy source 5 outputs a current I to the externally managed converter 9, with which the current I is converted into a corresponding 3-phase current and is delivered to the line 3 via the transformer 10. The control of the converter 9 is carried out with the aid of a control signal 24 generated by the control device 7 in accordance with a requirement of the load 2 for instantaneous power S2, the control signal 24 being fed to the externally managed converter 9 via the first control line 12.

The arrangement 1 optionally has an electrical AC voltage source 6. The electrical alternating voltage source 6 comprises an electrical direct voltage source 13 which is connected to the electrical line 3 via a self-controlled converter 14 and via an electrical transformer 15. As a result, the AC voltage source 6 is electrically connected to the externally managed power converter 10. The self-controlled converter 14 can be connected directly, in parallel or also in series to the line 3. 13

The DC voltage source 13 comprises an energy store 40a, which can have, for example, a capacitor 40 - as indicated schematically. The transformer 15 of the AC voltage source 6 is connected in parallel to the load 2. However, it can also be connected in series with the load 2 (see FIG. 3). The DC voltage source 13 and the self-guided converter 14 serve to generate an alternating voltage U4 and at the same time form an instantaneous power generator 16. The self-guided converter 14 is connected to the control device 7 via a second control line 17.

Proceed as follows to stabilize the energy supply in fault operation:

To stabilize the energy supply, the AC voltage source 6 outputs a voltage U4 and / or exchanges an instantaneous power S4 with the externally managed power converter 9 and / or with the load 2. A voltage U output from the DC voltage source 13 of the AC voltage source 6 is converted into the corresponding 3-phase voltage U4 with the aid of the self-controlled converter 14 and is output to the line 3 via the transformer 15.

An instantaneous power requirement of the externally guided converter 9 required for the conversion is measured internally in the converter and measured values 23 determined are supplied to the control device 7 via the third measuring line 11. When the measured values 23 are evaluated, the control device 7 generates a control signal 25, with which the commutation of the direct voltage U with the self-controlled converter 14 is controlled as a function of the instantaneous power requirement of the externally managed converter 9. The AC voltage source 6 can be controlled in such a way that it covers the instantaneous power requirement of the externally managed converter. 14

The electrical line 3 has a controllable isolating element 18 which is connected to the control device 7 via a third control line 19 and with which the energy supply network 4 can be separated from the electrical line 3. The converters 9 and 14, the transformers 10 and 15 and the isolating element 18 and the measuring device 20 are preferably of three-phase design. The separator 18 is preferably formed with controllable semiconductor valves, not shown in any more detail.

If necessary, the power supply network 4 can be separated from the electrical line 3 with the isolating element 18, controlled by the control device 7 via the control line 19. The energy supply to the load 2 is maintained after the energy supply network 4 has been disconnected, in particular by the energy source 5 and the AC voltage source 6.

The voltage U1 and the current II emitted by the power supply network 4 can be measured with the measuring device 20a. Measured values 22a obtained in this way can be fed to the control device 7 via the second measuring line 21a and can be evaluated by the latter. In particular, after the power supply network 4 has been disconnected, it can thus be determined whether the voltage U 1 is undisturbed and whether the power supply network 4 can be reconnected to the line 3. In order to be switched on again, the power supply network 4 and the line 3 are again connected to one another by the control device 7 via the isolating element 18.

The converters 9 and 14 each include controllable valves (not shown in detail) and a control unit (not shown in more detail), the control unit being used for direct control of the respective valves and for other in-converter or near-converter tasks.

With an arrangement 1 with a parallel connection of the AC voltage source 6 to the load 2 is in particular a 15

Power requirement of load 2 can be covered. In particular in the event of a total failure and after the power supply network 4 has been disconnected, the load 2 with the arrangement 1 can be supplied with energy. Furthermore, with such an arrangement 1 harmonics of the voltage U1 or the current II can be largely damped. Such an arrangement 1 also offers the advantage that the instantaneous power S3 that can be output by the energy supply network 4 does not have to be conducted via the winding 26 (see FIG. 2).

FIG. 2 shows a detailed illustration of the energy source 5 with the energy store 8, the externally managed converter 9 and the electrical transformer 10. The transformer 10 is designed as a three-phase transformer 10. The transformer 10 has the windings 26, 27 and

28, each comprising three phase windings, not shown in detail. The phase windings of the winding 26 are connected as a star and connected to the electrical line 3. The respective phase windings of the windings 27 and 28 are connected as a triangle. The externally managed power converter 9 has two series-connected bridge converters 29, 30. The first bridge converter 29 is connected to the windings 27 and the second bridge converter 30 is connected to the winding 28 of the transformer 10.

The bridge jumpers 29 and 30 have valves 36, for the guidance of which a voltage U5 is required. In normal operation, the voltage U5 can be taken from the power supply network 4 (see FIG. 1) via the transformer 10.

An electrical path 31 with a control valve 32 is connected in parallel to the bridge converters 29 and 30. In practice, the electrical path 31 with the valve 32 is also referred to as the zero anode. The valve 32 can also be designed as an uncontrolled diode. The externally managed converter 9 comprises a control device 41 which controls the bridge converters 29 and 30 and the direct control of the 16

Valves 36 is used. The control device 41 is connected to the control device 7 (see FIG. 1) via the first control line 12 and can be controlled by the control device 7. For a better overview, the control device 7 is not shown in FIG 2.

The energy store 8 has a superconducting magnet 33, which is located in a thermally insulating vessel 34. A coolant 35, with which the superconducting magnet 33 can be cooled, is located in the thermally insulating vessel 34. The electrical energy store 8 is designed for a power between 10 MVAs to 1000 MVAs, in particular between 250 MVAs to 350 MVAs. The other parts and components of the arrangement 1 are dimensioned accordingly.

The superconducting magnet 33 outputs a current I to the externally managed power converter 9 to supply energy to the electrical load 2. The current I is uiti directed by the externally led power converter 9 into a corresponding 3-phase current 13 and via the transformer 10 to the electrical one

Load 2 delivered. The externally managed converter 9 is controlled via the first control line 12 by the control device 7 as a function of an instantaneous power requirement of the load 2.

The converter 9 can be short-circuited on the energy storage side via the electrical path 31, so that the current I emitted by the energy store 8 can flow as a circulating current Ik. When the current I is converted, the short-circuiting of the externally guided converter 9 during a time interval .DELTA.t means that in the time interval .DELTA.t no current is redirected by the externally managed converter 9 and therefore no current is delivered to the line 3 via the transformer 10. The current I flows during the time interval Δt as a circulating current Ik. By means of a correspondingly controlled short-time short-circuiting of the converter 9 on the energy storage side, the ratio V of the output to the load 2 can be reduced 17

Active power P3 and reactive power Q3 exchanged with load 2 can be changed at a constant active power P3. This makes it possible to vary the reactive power Q3 exchanged with the load 2 at a constant active power P3 delivered to the load 2, depending on the reactive power requirement. As a result, the instantaneous power S3 that can be output by the energy source 5 can also be controlled.

Alternatively, an electrical path for short-circuiting the externally controlled converter 9 with a plurality of valves 36 can be formed solely by correspondingly controlling the bridge converters 29 and 30. In this case, the electrical path 31 is not necessary.

In the event of a total failure of the energy supply network 4 - that is to say a loss of the voltage Ul - the voltage U5 is completely removed from the AC voltage source 6 via the self-commutated converter 9 (see FIG. 1) and via the transformer 15.

The arrangement 1 shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 3, the transformer 15 being connected in series in the line 3. With this arrangement, a slight drop in voltage U2 can be counteracted in particular.

In addition, a return flow path 38 is provided in this embodiment, which can be connected to line 3 via a separating element 37. The return flow path 38 serves to form a closed circuit with the load 2, the energy source 5 and the AC voltage source 6. The formation of such a closed circuit is necessary in the case in which the energy supply network 4 is separated from the electrical line 3 by means of the isolating element 18 is. The return flow path 38 can also have inductors, not shown in detail. The isolating element 37 is connected to the control device 7 via a fourth control line 39 and can be controlled by it. CO co r M P- »P>

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> 3 cn Φ 3 Φ d ¹ 3 7? d P P- <Φ <! P? R ao rt d φ 3 P- rt Φ d ao rt P z P- P Φ CL ao 3 CL 3 φ P- Φ u DJ dd 3 ¹ Φ P rt CΛ ao CL d cn P- 3 N P- P- P- P- φ 7? P CΛ P Φ ts CL 3 3 and others Φ P-> d 3 Ω 3

Φ L Φ 3 OP Φ N Ω Φ α CΛ 3 P Φ CΛ Φ CΛ cn PJ φ and others including CΛ 3 tr ¹ d 3 DJ: 3 ^" p-" β

3 P- P and others P? V P Φ 3 ^" Φ rt CL 3 O 3 rt rt N CΛ cn Λ Cπ DJ cn and others tr J rt π tr Φ d tr P- 1 <P φ P- P DJ: Φ P- CΛ σ d ro CΛ rt φ

P ^J 3 CO C 3 DJ> rt O CΛ Ω CL up 3 rt? rt Φ Φ NP ¹ rt DJ cυ P rt tc

P- Φ rt Φ ia P tr P- O 3 s P- rt tr Φ d CL P- P- PJ Φ C P "d p- d Φ J w

Ω 3 PJ P ω • s: ia CL Φ CΛ φ P 3 rt <T DJ P ^J 3 3 M ω <CL P ¹ VO r VO

P- φ H P- 3 P 3 3 ^* Φ N CΛ Ω 3 N Φ Hi 3 3 ^" PP 3 o

1 σ h- ¹ rt CΛ 1 Φ l 3 P- d 1 - P- 3 CΛ CTi 1 Φ 1 and others Φ Φ VO

P- N rt P P- P 1 P- φ 3 P-

1 1 rt 1 1 1 1 1

19 performance Sl can be damped. Furthermore, the arrangement 1 can be used to influence a power flow of an instantaneous power transported via the line 3.

Claims

20 patent claims

1. Arrangement (1) for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load (2), which is connected via an electrical line (3) to an electrical energy supply network (4), with an electrical energy source (5) and with a control device (7), wherein the energy source (5) has an externally managed converter (9) and an energy store (8) which can be connected to the load (2) via the externally managed converter (9), and the control device (7) with the externally managed converter (9) is connected to its control.

2. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1, wherein from the energy source (5) instantaneous power (S3), in particular active power (P3), deliverable to the load (2) and / or reactive power (Q3) between the energy source (5) and Load (2) are / can be exchanged, the ratio of reactive power (Q3) to active power (P3) being controllable at a constant active power (P3).

3. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the externally guided converter (9) on the energy storage side can be short-circuited via a particularly controllable electrical path (31).

4. Arrangement (1) according to claim 3, wherein the electrical path (31) has at least one in particular controllable valve (32).

5. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy store (8) is designed for storing electrical and / or mechanical energy.

6. Arrangement (1) according to claim 5, wherein the energy store (8) has a superconducting magnet (33).

7. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy source (5) has a transformer (10), 21

Via which the externally managed converter (9) can be connected to the load (2).

8. Arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (7) depending on an instantaneous power requirement of the load (2), a control signal (24) can be generated, which can be output to the externally managed converter (9).

9. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with an electrical AC voltage source (6), which is connected on the load side to the externally managed converter (9), wherein from the AC voltage source (6) to the externally managed converter (9) for guiding it at least partially a voltage (U4) can be output.

10. The arrangement (1) according to claim 9, wherein the AC voltage source (6) comprises a DC voltage source (13) and a self-commutated converter (14).

11. The arrangement (1) according to claim 10, wherein the DC voltage source (13) has an energy store (40a), which can be charged from the energy supply network (4), in particular via the self-commutated converter (14).

12. The arrangement (1) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the energy store (40a) of the DC voltage source (13) has a capacitor (40).

13. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, which can be connected in series or in parallel to the load (2).

14. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the alternating voltage source (6) via a transformer (15!) With the line (3) can be connected. 22

15. Arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the AC voltage source (6) comprises an instantaneous power generator (16) which for an exchange of at least one instantaneous power (S3) required for the operation of the externally managed converter (9) is.

16. The arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the control device (7) is connected to the self-commutated converter, and wherein from the control device (7) a further control signal (25) depending on an instantaneous power requirement of the externally managed converter (9 ) that can be fed to the self-commutated converter (14).

17. The arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy store (8) of the energy source (5) from the energy supply network (4), in particular via the externally managed converter (9), can be charged.

18. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which has a controllable isolating element (18) with which the energy supply network (4) can be separated from the line (3).

19. The arrangement (1) according to claim 18, wherein a, in particular switchable, return path (38) is provided to form a closed circuit with the load (2) and the energy source (5).

20. The arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a capacitive energy store (50) parallel to the load

2 is switchable.

21. A method for the electrical energy supply of an electrical load (2) from an energy source (5), which comprises an energy store (8) and an externally managed power converter (9) connected to the energy store (8). 23

ne voltage (U4) generated and fed to the externally managed power converter (9) to guide it.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the voltage (U4) is at least partially tapped at a self-commutated converter (14).

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein at least partially instantaneous power (S3) is exchanged between the two converters (9, 14).

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the voltage (U5) is at least partially taken from an electrical power supply network (4).

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the externally guided converter (9) is short-circuited on the energy storage side.