WO1999045696A1 - Procede de dissimulation d'informations binaires dans une image numerique - Google Patents
Procede de dissimulation d'informations binaires dans une image numerique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999045696A1 WO1999045696A1 PCT/FR1999/000485 FR9900485W WO9945696A1 WO 1999045696 A1 WO1999045696 A1 WO 1999045696A1 FR 9900485 W FR9900485 W FR 9900485W WO 9945696 A1 WO9945696 A1 WO 9945696A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- document
- information
- digital
- initial
- image
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/0028—Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
- H04N1/32208—Spatial or amplitude domain methods involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32267—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations combined with processing of the image
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
- H04N2201/3233—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3269—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs
- H04N2201/327—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method making it possible to hide digital information in a digital multimedia document, such as information representing an image, a text or the logo of a company in grayscale, then to find from the modified document, previously concealed information.
- the invention also relates to the use of this method in various applications which can take advantage of the method of concealing information in a digital image.
- Digital imagery is undoubtedly the first area of application for multimedia in which there is a great need to be able to write digital information in an image in a hidden way.
- the object of the invention is to propose a method for concealing digital information in a document, making it possible to resolve most of the drawbacks of known methods.
- the invention aims to propose a concealment method making it possible to hide information in a still image in grayscale, in color or an image in a video, or quite generally in a document multimedia, without noticeably degrading the document (or audibly, in the case of multimedia audio document).
- a concealment method making it possible to hide information in a still image in grayscale, in color or an image in a video, or quite generally in a document multimedia, without noticeably degrading the document (or audibly, in the case of multimedia audio document).
- Another object of the invention is to propose a process for inserting the information to be hidden which is robust, that is to say in particular such that even after a large number of plausible and non-destructive disturbances of the document, it is possible to find the hidden information, without using the original documents.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a process for concealing information which is scalable, that is to say that it can be easily corrected to remain robust with respect to new disturbances of the document or not. previously taken into account.
- a process for concealing information which is scalable, that is to say that it can be easily corrected to remain robust with respect to new disturbances of the document or not. previously taken into account.
- the invention provides a method for concealing primary digital information (Imfi) in an initial digital document, in particular an initial multimedia document ( ong ), characterized in that it comprises steps consisting in: :
- a priori decompose the initial document (lon), by determining a digital reference document (I re f) function of the initial digital document (l on g), and secondary digital information (Ii n f2) function of the digital information primary to be hidden, such as the sum of the digital reference document (I ref ) and said secondary digital information (Iin ⁇ ) or a modified document (IO ⁇ g) substantially equal to the initial digital document (l o ng);
- the value of each pixel of the modified document (IOri g ) is between (or equal to, or between, or more generally identified with respect to) its value calculated in the document reference numeric (I re f) and its value given in the initial document (I o rig).
- a conventional binary link is then established between GAP and the digital information to be hidden Ij nf i in order to determine the exact value of the secondary digital information 1 ⁇ to be hidden in the digital reference document I re f to determine the modified document V 0 cuisine g .
- the binary link is established according to the following rule making it possible to derive, at all points, the value of the secondary digital information Ii nf2 (x, y)
- Iin ⁇ (x, y) Inf (GAP (x, y); 0) or Sup (GAP (x, y); 0) depending on whether I inf ⁇ is respectively equal to 0 or 1.
- This formula is also written as follows :
- n ⁇ (x, y) GAP (x, y) whatever the value of I; nf i (x, y). It is quite obvious that, on extraction, an associated mechanism avoids processing the GAP 'whose value exceeds the threshold considered.
- the extraction method according to the invention makes it possible to extract from a digital document (IOri g ) presumed to be carrying digital information hidden according to the above method, the primary digital information Ij n fi which is capable of to be registered there.
- the method comprises steps consisting in:
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the main stages of the information insertion phase in a document
- - Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the main steps of the information extraction process from a document where it has been previously inserted
- - Figure 3 shows on an example image the steps of a local transformation establishing the correspondence between a "DOMAIN" area of the image in a "RANGE” area of the image;
- the principle of the invention is based on the construction, from an initial document l ong , of a digital reference document I ref by means of an approximation, by example carried out by means of coding with loss of the image.
- a fractal type coding is used, based on the use of self-similarities (derived from fractal theory) to introduce binary information into the image without being exposed to the disadvantages known methods of image concealment.
- the initial image to be processed which we will call I or ig, is cut into a set of primitives, which will be called "RANGE" or Target, which must cover the entire image
- a basic Dbase dictionary made up of “DOMAIN” or Source primitives, is built.
- the elements of this dictionary are also (by default) extracted from the image itself, but do not need to cover the entire image to be processed. _ there is no particular constraint on the distribution of the "DOMAIN" primitives.
- the dictionary thus constructed is then enriched by using geometric and photometric transformations to form a final Dfinal dictionary of authorized transformations. Note that elements can be added to the Dfinal dictionary, kept secret from external users, and known only to information insertion / extraction software.
- Transformations can include geometric operations (such as isometry (ie symmetries, rotations, reflections), or photometric transformations, by example on the luminance values.
- isometry ie symmetries, rotations, reflections
- photometric transformations by example on the luminance values.
- the context will make it possible to define whether contract codes (defined below) are used.
- the defined context is declared to the software responsible for carrying out the calculations relating to the insertion / extraction of concealed information.
- Wj the transformation associated with it (ie: the transformation which defines an element of the basic dictionary, plus a transformation).
- W the union of local transformations wj, WI the image composed of the set of “range” primitives represented approximately from an element of Dfinal, and A the attractor associated with W if it exists.
- the context (as defined above) is here that conventionally used in image compression: the primitives are square blocks: of size 8 ⁇ 8 pixels for the “ RANGE ", and 16 x 16 pixels for
- the authorized transformations of the domains are: subsampling by 2; rotation at 0 ° (i.e. identity), 90 °, 180 °, 270 °; symmetries with regard to geometric transformations; and an offset and scaling on the luminance values.
- each local transformation Wj can be written in the form:
- ai, bi, ci, di represent the geometric transformation (under / oversampling, plus rotation / reflection, ...);
- (x, y) represent the coordinates of the point of the image and z the associated gray levels;
- (u ⁇ , Vj) represents the displacement necessary to correspond the position of the primitive "DOMAIN” with the primitive "RANGE” concerned;
- s; and Oj represent respectively the scaling and the offset on the luminance values.
- the invention provides not to expose the problem in its conventional form, namely: how to add information without being visible, but rather to express the problem in a new angle, namely: how to achieve a decomposition to describe an image original Iorig in two elements: a first image (I re f) calculated and essentially linked to the original image, noted 1 ⁇ ; and a second image, denoted Iinf2, essentially linked to the information to be concealed, denoted Ii nf i
- the latter will be, for each pixel of r o ⁇ g , between (or equal to, or marked with) its value in I ref and its value in long-
- the modified image or document r o ⁇ g is obtained by adding a part of the digital reference document I ref , or if coding by IFS is used, and d on the other hand, secondary digital information I ⁇ n f2, which is itself obtained by relation based on the primary digital information I ⁇ f 1 to be concealed, and the point-to-point difference (denoted GAP), between the document initial l on g, and the digital reference document (I ref ;).
- GAP point-to-point difference
- each of the basic RANGE (i) primitives can be paired with a DOMAIN (j) primitive included in the primitive domain (Dfinal), so that each RANGE (i) primitive is equal to the transform of a DOMAIN primitive (j) by a local transformation w nieplus an error ( ⁇ ,) allowing to conceal the digital information to be hidden (I mf i).
- the image composed of all the RANGE primitives replaced by an element of the dictionary (Dfinal) is the reference image I ref .
- the distance (and positioning) between I o ⁇ g and A sought the more A will be numerically distant, that is to say different from I o ⁇ g , the more space to hide additional information will be important, but the risks of visibility of inserting information into the original image will increase.
- the difference of the images I or i g and I re f is calculated.
- GAP Iorig -, ie equal to 1 0 rig - A. in the case of a contracted IFS code.
- GAP Iorig -, ie equal to 1 0 rig - A. in the case of a contracted IFS code.
- I ⁇ n ⁇ (x, y) Inf (GAP (x, y); 0) or Sup (GAP (x, y), 0) depending on whether I ⁇ n fi is respectively equal to 0 or 1.
- the operators inf and sup represent respectively the mathematical operators respectively making the smallest and the largest of the values considered.
- I mf2 -ABS (GAP / 2) or + ABS (GAP / 2)
- GAP difference
- the visibility of the insertion process will be a function of I o rig - I ' or i g : the visibility will be greater the greater the difference between the original image and the image modified by insertion.
- each image point of IO r ig is included in the interval defined by its value in l o ng and in A.
- the predetermined threshold is fixed at 0, but as indicated for the information extraction step, we can use other "broader" thresholds in order to limit the risks of making mistakes at each point (x, y); but in this case, the number of binary pieces of information recovered on the whole of what has been hidden is reduced accordingly.
- the threshold is to be set according to the modulation adopted for the insertion. These configuration settings are the skill of the skilled person.
- the insertion and extraction process has been particularly described in relation to the fractal analysis method, with or without a contract code, which provides good results. It should however be observed that, in the particular case of digital imaging, the method of the invention can be used with other approximation methods, for example lossy coding, such as Jpeg or Giff, or even a simple method resolution reduction.
- lossy coding such as Jpeg or Giff
- the initial document and the digital reference document are respectively an initial image I or ig and a reference image I ref .
- the insertion process consists, as for fractal analysis, in first deriving the reference image I re f from an initial image I or ig, which is a visual image.
- the principle of Jpeg coding is well known to those skilled in the art and will therefore not be described further.
- the essential characteristic, to be applicable to the invention consists in the fact that the resulting approximate image I ref is an image having undergone a loss of information compared to the image I or ig so as to allow the 'registration of data from I j ⁇ . , i.e. secondary digital information.
- the Gap (x, y) can be calculated by subtraction at each point as in the case of fractal analysis.
- This Gap (x, y) is then “modulated” according to the digital information to be written I mf i (x, y) in the image I 0 ri g so as to constitute IOri - this effect, we use a criterion or a law of correspondence between GAP (x, y) and li n ⁇ (x, y) allowing to derive the value of I i n ⁇ (x, y).
- the value of the THRESHOLD parameter is used for adjustment purposes and makes it possible to influence the distribution of the points which will carry information.
- the value of the THRESHOLD parameter is fixed at the numerical value 0, so that there is a simple correspondence between I mf i (x, y) and the sign of GAP (x, y ), ensuring a uniform distribution of the points carrying information for the values “0” and “1” of I i n n (x, y).
- I; nf2 -ABS (GAP / 2) or + ABS (GAP / 2) depending on whether I i n ⁇ is respectively equal to 0 or 1, with ABS being the mathematical operator returning the absolute value.
- 16 extraction process - are precisely the points which allow to get closer to the image I or i g , while moving away from the image I re f, contrary to a classic approach according to which we add information by degrading still the image quality. Indeed, a classical approach would have led to adding information further distancing the image r o ⁇ g from the initial image I o ⁇ g. Firstly, the choice of lossy coding already produces a degraded image I ref and, secondly, the additional addition of digital information following a conventional approach would have led to further distancing of the constructed image r o ⁇ g from l original image.
- the invention operates successively a distancing, then a bringing together of the construction of r o ⁇ g so as to ultimately lead to an image r o ⁇ g which remains sufficiently close to I o ⁇ g , while allowing the recording of a large number of data.
- the method, applied to Jpeg coding comprises the following steps:
- the method then comprises a phase of analysis of the value of GAP '(x, y), in relation to the law of correspondence between GAP and I ⁇ nf i which was previously used during the registration process. This analysis then results in the value of I ' mf i (x, y) for each pixel.
- the stability and robustness of the extraction process will immediately identify the primary digital information I'i nf i obtained during extraction, with the primary digital information I ⁇ n fi which was introduced to the insertion, even when the image has undergone certain modifications.
- those skilled in the art can advantageously apply the principle of the invention to other forms of coding than those which have been exposed, fractal coding and Jpeg coding. We could thus, immediately, allow the recording and the blind extraction of an image with an analysis method by reducing the resolution of the image.
- variables I ⁇ ⁇ , I o, and GAP having only two variables (x, y). It is important, however, to observe that the use of this set of double variables is in no way limiting, and that those skilled in the art can advantageously apply the teaching of the invention to other multivariable embodiments.
- the information extracted is "stable” if one operates geometric and / or photometric manipulations previously "authorized” during the search for similarities between primitives "range” and "domain” (ie included in the context).
- the principle of the invention can be adapted to Color Images.
- This operation is reversible; in the case of RGB images (Red Green Blue), it will therefore be necessary to switch to Luminance / Chrominance, then carry out the insertion operation, and finally carry out the reverse operation to return to RGB.
- RGB images Red Green Blue
- the insertion and extraction operations can be carried out exactly as described previously in the case of grayscale images. Note that the added information will remain present when converting an IOrig color image to an I " or ig image in grayscale.
- the principle of the invention can be adapted to Video images. Two possibilities exist: either operate image by image, and this by inserting the additional information in the manner described previously for the still images, or extend the approach used to estimate the IFS code by using a space-time primitive instead of a spatial primitive (typically cubes rather than square blocks). Note that a video obviously has a lot more room for
- the principle of the invention can be adapted to the insertion of information other than binary.
- the information in gray levels will be conventionally broken down as a weighted sum (by power of 2) of binary images.
- the binary information to be inserted will therefore be of size 8k x 8k. If the space reserved for the information to be hidden is sufficient, the principle can also be extended to color information.
- the invention can be adapted to conceal digitized audio signals, in a document, or vice versa.
- Signature It is for an author, a company or other to protect a document such as an image. This can be done by inserting the company logo as binary information or, for example, the face of the author.
- Integrity is a question of being able to identify whether an image has been significantly modified or not.
- the information to be hidden will be linked to the characteristics of the image itself: grayscale histogram (in the form of a binary image), outline map (superimposed on the image), or even a pattern. specific ... Note however the following difficulty: the characteristics of an image will be modified by the very fact of hiding in the image itself its characteristics.
- Non-repudiation This involves automatically inserting a trace of the author when the latter sends an image to a third person: a logo identifying the person
- Network control point the invention can be used to prevent prohibited images from passing over networks (such as the Internet) by taking advantage of simple transformations carried out just before automatic control points installed on the network, and carried out in the exact opposite direction after
- error correction can also be considered.
- the principle would consist in inserting into the image areas considered to be unimportant, information on the area or areas considered to be very important. In the event of partial / total loss of important areas, a partial recovery of these would then be possible from the information concealed in the areas initially considered to be unimportant.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99938027A EP0985313A1 (fr) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | Procede de dissimulation d'informations binaires dans une image numerique |
US09/423,266 US6643383B1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-04-04 | Method for hiding binary data in a digital image |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9804083A FR2775812A1 (fr) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-03-05 | Procede de dissimulation d'informations binaires dans une image numerique |
FR98/04083 | 1998-03-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999045696A1 true WO1999045696A1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 |
Family
ID=9524767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/000485 WO1999045696A1 (fr) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | Procede de dissimulation d'informations binaires dans une image numerique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6643383B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0985313A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2775812A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999045696A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3957249B2 (ja) | 2000-01-06 | 2007-08-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電子化データ管理システムおよび方法 |
US7043051B2 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2006-05-09 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Proprietary watermark system for secure digital media and content distribution |
US7058201B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2006-06-06 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method of embedding watermark into digital image |
JP2003032639A (ja) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-01-31 | Monolith Co Ltd | 画像処理方法と装置およびそれらに利用可能なコンテンツ記録方法 |
KR100493284B1 (ko) * | 2001-05-11 | 2005-06-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 디지털 미디어의 복제 제어 방법 및 시스템 |
US7280689B2 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2007-10-09 | Qdesign U.S.A., Inc. | Anti-compression techniques for visual images |
US7266693B1 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-09-04 | U.S. Bancorp Licensing, Inc. | Validated mutual authentication |
US10943030B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2021-03-09 | Ibailbonding.Com | Securable independent electronic document |
RU2530339C1 (ru) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-10-10 | Государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Академия Федеральной службы охраны Российской Федерации (Академия ФСО России) | Способ встраивания информации в изображение, сжатое фрактальным методом, на основе сформированной библиотеки доменов |
US11755758B1 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2023-09-12 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | System and method for evaluating data files |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5751854A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1998-05-12 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Original-discrimination system for discriminating special document, and image forming apparatus, image processing apparatus and duplicator using the original-discrimination system |
US5502576A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1996-03-26 | Ramsay International Corporation | Method and apparatus for the transmission, storage, and retrieval of documents in an electronic domain |
US5636292C1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2002-06-18 | Digimarc Corp | Steganography methods employing embedded calibration data |
US5943422A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1999-08-24 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels |
US5673316A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-09-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Creation and distribution of cryptographic envelope |
AU2435297A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-11-07 | Theodore G Handel | Data embedding |
US5974548A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-10-26 | Novell, Inc. | Media-independent document security method and apparatus |
US5946414A (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 1999-08-31 | Xerox Corporation | Encoding data in color images using patterned color modulated image regions |
-
1998
- 1998-03-05 FR FR9804083A patent/FR2775812A1/fr active Pending
-
1999
- 1999-03-04 WO PCT/FR1999/000485 patent/WO1999045696A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-04 EP EP99938027A patent/EP0985313A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-04 US US09/423,266 patent/US6643383B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DAVERN P ET AL: "FRACTAL BASED IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY", INFORMATION HIDING. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, 30 May 1996 (1996-05-30), pages 279 - 294, XP002048612 * |
PUATE JOAN, JORDAN FRED: "Using Fractal Compression Scheme to Embed a Digital Signature into an Image", VIDEO TECHNIQUES AND SOFTWARE FOR FULL-SERVICE NETWORKS, 21 November 1996 (1996-11-21), pages 108 - 118, XP002085678 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6643383B1 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
EP0985313A1 (fr) | 2000-03-15 |
FR2775812A1 (fr) | 1999-09-03 |
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