WO1999042706A1 - Electricity generation system for use with cryogenic liquid fuels - Google Patents
Electricity generation system for use with cryogenic liquid fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999042706A1 WO1999042706A1 PCT/NZ1999/000020 NZ9900020W WO9942706A1 WO 1999042706 A1 WO1999042706 A1 WO 1999042706A1 NZ 9900020 W NZ9900020 W NZ 9900020W WO 9942706 A1 WO9942706 A1 WO 9942706A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- electricity generation
- heat
- power electronics
- generation system
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/14—Details thereof
- F23K5/22—Vaporising devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0138—Single phase solid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
- F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0527—Superconductors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0763—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
An electricity generation system comprising electrical generation means (34, 35) that generates electricity from cryogenic fuels stored in tank (33). Power electronics system (32) conditions the electrical output of generation means (34, 35) to provide an output having a fixed voltage and frequency. Heat-exchanging means (37, 38) is arranged to cool electrical generator (35) and/or electronics system (32) by absorbing waste heat resulting from the electricity generating process and using this waste heat is to change the phase of the stored fuel to produce a gaseous fuel for use in turbine (34). The efficiency of electronics system (32) is increased by operating at the cryogenic temperatures present during the phase change of the fuel. Electrical generation means (34, 35) may comprise a fuel cell.
Description
ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM FOR USE WITH CRYOGENIC LIQUID
FUELS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention comprises an electricity generation system which utilises cooling or refrigeration power in a cryogenic liquid fuel such as liquid natural gas (LNG) to increase the efficiency of the generation system.
BACKGROUND
Alternators or generators used in electricity generation also generate heat. Power electronics systems which are often used to convert or condition the output power of the alternator or generator or similar also dissipate losses thermally. In the past relatively low electrical losses (5 to 10%) were tolerated when compared with turbine efficiencies but more recently thermodynamic efficiencies have been reaching 50% making the electrical loss more significant.
Electricity may be generated using liquid natural gas or LNG as a fuel source in a gas turbine or an internal combustion engine or similar, which drives an alternator or generator, and may also be used in fuel cells which convert the chemical energy in the fuel to electricity. The boiling point of LΝG at 1 atmosphere is 11 IK, and it is stored and transported as a "boiling ciyogen," that is, as a very cold liquid at its boiling point at the storage pressure, in large cryogenic tanks of double-wall construction with extremely efficient insulation between the walls. The LΝG temperature stays at this boiling point as long as the pressure is not allowed to rise. The cold liquid must be elevated in temperature to form a gas, which is then burnt in the turbine or internal combustion engine, or chemically reacted in a fuel cell.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention comprises an improved or at least alternative electricity generation system.
The present invention comprises an electricity generation system comprising electricity generation means which generates electricity from a fuel which is stored at above ambient pressure and is vapourised to form said gas fuel, and heat-
1
exchanging means arranged such that heat is exchanged between electricity generation means or a power electronics system associated with the electricity generation means, and the stored fuel to cool the electricity generation means or the power electronics system and heat the stored fuel. Preferably the fuel stored as a liquid but alternatively the fuel may be a solid at the temperature and pressure of storage.
The electricity generation means may comprise an alternator or generator, or a fuel cell. The heat-exchanging means may include an evaporator surrounding the windings of the alternator or generator.
The heat exchanging means may be arranged such that heat is exchanged between a power electronics system associated with the alternator or generator or fuel cell, and the stored liquid fuel to cool the power electronics system and heat the stored liquid fuel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred form systems of the present invention are described by way of example only and without intending to be limiting, wherein:
Figure 1 shows a steam turbine and alternator based electricity generation system of the invention which utilises the system of the invention for cooling the alternator;
Figure 2 shows an internal combustion engine and alternator based electricity generation system of the invention which uses the system of the invention for cooling high temperature superconducting coils of the alternator; '
Figure 3 shows a gas turbine and alternator based electricity generation system of the invention which utilises the system of the invention for cooling a power electronics system associated with the electronic generation system; and
Figure- 4 shows fuel cell based electricity generation system with cryogenic electrical energy storage which utilises the system of the invention for cooling the energy storage cell and associated power electronics.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED FORMS
The electricity generation system shown in Figure 1 comprises a cryogenic liquid fuel storage tank 3 for LNG for example or any other cryogenic fuel, a steam boiler 4 and steam turbine 5 which drives an alternator 6 to generate electrical power, and a heat exchange system including an evaporator 7 closely associated with copper windings of the alternator 6 to cool the alternator during operation, a condenser 8 associated with the fuel tank 3 so that heat is exchanged into the tank and the condenser is cooled by the liquid fuel, and a pump 9 to circulate. a. refrigerant around the heat exchange circuit.
The heat exchange system formed by evaporator 7, condenser 8, and pump -9 transfers heat from the alternator 6 to the contents of the liquid fuel storage tank 3 such that heat is added to the storage tank to evaporate the cryogenic liquid fuel. The liquid cryogenic fuel must be elevated in temperature to form a gas which is used to power the steam boiler and turbine 4 and 5. The evaporated fuel powers the steam boiler and turbine which in turn drives the alternator 6 to produce electrical energy. The alternator 6 could alternatively be a generator. By refrigeration of the copper windings of the alternator to cryogenic temperatures through the heat exchange system the resistance of the windings is reduced, reducing the losses in the alternator, or generator. It is believed that reduction of the electrical resistance of the copper windings by a factor of up to about 5 is possible, reducing losses in the alternator or generator by about half. This is particularly significant for smaller generation plants.
Figure 2 shows another system which is similar to that of Figure 1 except that the steam boiler and steam turbine are replaced by an internal combustion engine 25 which again drives an alternator 26 from which heat is drawn and used to heat fuel in the fuel storage tank 23 powering the internal combustion engine, by a heat exchanging circuit comprising evaporator 28 surrounding the windings of the alternator, condenser 27 associated with the fuel storage tank 23, and pump 29. In this embodiment the alternator 26 has super-conducting field-windings 22 which are cooled to the temperature required for superconductivity by the condenser 27. Alternatively the heat exchange system may be used as a heat sink
for a single stage cryocooler to refrigerate the super-conducting field-winding to a temperature appropriate for the super-conducting magnet used. This may be wire, film or trapped flux-type for example.
Figure 3 shows another system of the invention which comprises a cryogenic liquid fuel storage tank 33, a gas turbine 34, a high speed alternator 35, and an associated power electronics system 32. This embodiment may be particularly suited to a small high speed gas turbine plant using power electronics converter(s) to convert the possibly variable electrical output to a constant mains frequency and voltage for normal power supply use (eg 230Vac 50Hz). Electrical energy is produced by the turbine 34 and alternator 35 combination. The power electronic circuitry conditions 32 the alternator output producing a substantially fixed voltage and frequency. Heat dissipated by the power electronics circuitry 32 is transferred by a heat exchange system including an evaporator 37 surrounding the heat sink of the power electronics (which can as a result be substantially reduced in size) and a condenser 38 associated with the fuel storage tank 33, to the liquid fuel to evaporate the fuel ready for use by the gas turbine 34, while at the same time increasing the efficiency of the power electronics system 32 by reducing its operating temperature. The efficiency of the power electronics circuitry is increased by operation at the cryogenic temperatures produced by the evaporation of fuel about the heat-exchanging means.
Figure 4 shows a fuel cell based electricity generation system of the invention comprising cryogenic liquid fuel storage tank 43, a fuel cell 44, power electronics circuitry 42, a heat-exchange circuit, and a cryogenic electricity storage cell 41. Currently electrical energy can only be stored in small amounts or for very short periods of time, either in a capacitor or inductor. Efficient stdrage and recovery and high energy density are necessary to make large scale electricity storage viable. The development of high temperature superconductors has introduced the possibility for storing larger amounts of electricity very efficiently. Also certain ceramic materials are known to offer relatively high capacitive energy storage densities (better than 2 MJ/m3) at cryogenic temperatures, with very low dissipation losses. Figure 4 illustrates the use of a cryogenic fuel such as LNG to provide refrigeration power for an electrical energy storage system. In this example, using a fuel cell, which requires power electronics conversion to produce
ac electricity, and an electrical energy storage system which also requires power electronics conversion because the electricity can only be stored in dc form, allows a combination of energy saving and storage advantages through use of the cryogenic fuel for refrigeration. In this embodiment, energy from the cryogenic fuel converted into electrical energy is stored in fuel cell 44 and is available for conversion by the power electronics circuitry 42 either as conditioned electrical output or for further storage in a cryogenic electricity storage cell 41. The stored electrical energy in cells 44 and 41 in DC form is converted into AC by the power electronics circuitry 42. Preferably the cryogenic electricity storage cell utilises high temperature superconductors for high magnetic energy storage density at cryogenic, temperatures. Preferably the cryogenic electricity storage cell uses electrical capacitors with high energy densities at cryogenic temperatures. An evaporator 47 associated with the power electronics circuitry 42 and the cryogenic electricity storage cell 41 cools same and transfers heat to the cryogenic fuel tank via condenser 48.
The various embodiments described may be implemented in fixed or mobile generation systems such as hybrid vehicle drive systems for example, with the various conversion and storage components changed to suit the system requirements.
While in the embodiments of the invention described above the fuel is stored as a liquid and is vapourised to form a gas fuel, it is also possible that for example methane hydrate may be stored as a solid at an appropriate reduced temperature and elevated pressure, and which is heated in the system of the invention to convert to a gas form.
Preferably the available refrigeration power in the cryogenic fuel is matched to the requirements of the energy conversion system, for the systems to operate effectively. Typical energy flows for the above embodiments are given in Table 1. Assuming a heat of combustion for the LNG fuel of 428kJ/litre and a fuel flow (liquid at one atmosphere) of 1 litre/minute, this provides a combustion heat delivery of about 400kW. At this fuel flow rate, 4kW is required to vaporise the LNG and a total of about 7. lkW is required to bring it to room temperature '(300K). The total energy
saved is indicated from the losses which would be present if the cryogenic fuel was not used to cool the electrical and electronic components.
Table 1: Typical Energy Flows for Various Embodiments
EXAMPLE | ELECTRICAL AT OVERALL HEA COOLING ■ TYJPI€&k OUTPUT |kWJ EFFICIENCY OU PUT METHOD ENERGY SAVED {k *
Figure 1 120 30% 280 direct at 2 11 IK
Figure 2 120 30% 280 direct at 4 11 IK
Figure 3 80 20% 320 ht. pump 1 to 50K
Figure 4 160 40% 200 direct at 10 200K
The foregoing describes the invention including preferred forms thereof. Alterations and modifications as will be obvious to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1. An electricity generation system which generates electricity from a gas fuel, comprising:
electricity generation means which generates electricity from a fuel which is stored as a liquid or solid at below room temperature and/ or above ambient pressure and is vapourised to form said gas fuel, and
heat-exchanging means arranged such that heat is exchanged between the electricity generation means or a power electronics system associated with the electricity generation means, and the phase change of the fuel to cool the electricity generation means or the power electronics system and heat the stored liquid fuel. -
2. An electricity generation system according to claim 1 wherein the stored fuel is a liquid.
3. An electricity generation system according to either one of claims 1 and 2 wherein the electricity generation means comprises an alternator or generator.
4. An electricity generation system according to either one of claims 1 and 2 wherein the electricity generation means comprises a fuel cell.
5. An electricity generation system according to claim 4 wherein the heat- exchanging means includes an evaporator surrounding the windings of the alternator or generator.
6. An electricity generation system according to either of claims 3 and 5 wherein the alternator or generator comprises field windings formed of a high temperature superconducting material.
7. An electricity generation system according to any one of claims 3, 5 and 6 wherein the heat exchanging means is arranged such that heat is exchanged between a power electronics system associated with the alternator or generator, and the stored fuel to cool the power electronics system and heat the stored fuel.
8. An electricity generation system according to claim 4 wherein the heat exchanging means is arranged such that heat is exchanged between a power electronics system associated with the fuel cell, and the stored fuel to cool the power electronics system and heat the stored fuel.
9. An electricity generation system according to claim 8 including a cryogenic electricity storage cell and wherein the heat exchanging means is arranged such that heat is exchanged between the cryogenic electricity storage cell and the stored fuel.
10. An electricity generation system according to claim 9 wherein the cryogenic electricity storage cell comprises high temperature superconductor based storage devices.
11. An electricity generation system comprising an alternator or generator and a prime mover arranged to drive said alternator or generator which prime mover is powered by a gas fuel which is stored under above ambient pressure and is vapourised to form said gas fuel, a power electronics system associated with the alternator or generator, and a heat exchange system including an evaporator closely associated with the power electronics system and a condenser associated with a storage tank containing the stored fuel such that heat dissipated by the power electronics system is exchanged to the stored fuel to cool the power electronics system and heat and assisting in boiling said gas fuel from the stored fuel.
12. An electricity generation system comprising a fuel cell powered by a gas fuel which is stored under above ambient pressure and is vapourised to form said gas fuel, a power electronics system and a cryogenic electricity storage cell which are associated with the fuel cell, and a heat exchange system including an evaporator closely associated with the power electronics system and the cryogenic electricity storage cell and a condenser associated with a storage tank containing the stored fuel arranged to cool the power electronics system and the cryogenic electricity storage cell and heat and assisting in boiling in said gas fuel from the stored fuel.
13. An electricity generation system substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1.
14. An electricity generation system substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
15. An electricity generation system substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 3.
16. An electricity generation system substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU25541/99A AU2554199A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | Electricity generation system for use with cryogenic liquid fuels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ328572 | 1998-02-19 | ||
| NZ32857298 | 1998-02-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999042706A1 true WO1999042706A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
Family
ID=19926405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NZ1999/000020 WO1999042706A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | Electricity generation system for use with cryogenic liquid fuels |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2554199A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999042706A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008017470A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Hartmut Griepentrog | Method and system for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas and expansion of natural gas |
| US7406829B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-08-05 | General Electric Company | Cryogenic liquid oxidizer cooled high energy system |
| DE102011111384A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2013-02-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for energy conversion |
| EP2642648A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal energy device with cooled superconductor structure |
| EP2642229A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Air breakdown assembly with cooled superconductor structure |
| FR3000998A1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-18 | Snecma | ERGOL SUPPLY CIRCUIT AND COOLING METHOD |
| WO2014180701A3 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for cooling at least one component of an electric machine |
| DE102014002336A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-13 | Nawar Andrews | Method and device for generating energy, in particular electrical energy |
| US9593881B2 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2017-03-14 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Superconducting system for enhanced natural gas production |
| US20180191262A1 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2018-07-05 | General Electric Company | Cryogenic fuel power system |
| US11041439B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2021-06-22 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Hybrid expander cycle with turbo-generator and cooled power electronics |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0009387A1 (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-04-02 | Fluor Corporation | Process for obtaining energy during the regasification of liquefied gases |
| AU8920391A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-05-20 | Thomas Durso | Refrigerant power unit and method for refrigeration |
| AU3734197A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-02-10 | Ztek Corporation | Fuel cell system for electric generation, heating, cooling and ventilation |
| AU5904298A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-31 | Ztek Corporation | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system |
-
1999
- 1999-02-19 AU AU25541/99A patent/AU2554199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-19 WO PCT/NZ1999/000020 patent/WO1999042706A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0009387A1 (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-04-02 | Fluor Corporation | Process for obtaining energy during the regasification of liquefied gases |
| AU8920391A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-05-20 | Thomas Durso | Refrigerant power unit and method for refrigeration |
| AU3734197A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-02-10 | Ztek Corporation | Fuel cell system for electric generation, heating, cooling and ventilation |
| AU5904298A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-31 | Ztek Corporation | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 85-195879/32, Class T06; & SU 1137448 A (KULIKOV) 30 January 1985. * |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7406829B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-08-05 | General Electric Company | Cryogenic liquid oxidizer cooled high energy system |
| WO2008017470A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Hartmut Griepentrog | Method and system for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas and expansion of natural gas |
| US9593881B2 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2017-03-14 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Superconducting system for enhanced natural gas production |
| DE102011111384A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2013-02-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for energy conversion |
| EP2565386A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for energy extraction |
| EP2642648A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal energy device with cooled superconductor structure |
| EP2642229A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Air breakdown assembly with cooled superconductor structure |
| US10082106B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2018-09-25 | Arianegroup Sas | Propellant feed circuit and a cooling method |
| FR3000998A1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-18 | Snecma | ERGOL SUPPLY CIRCUIT AND COOLING METHOD |
| WO2014180701A3 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for cooling at least one component of an electric machine |
| DE102014002336A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-13 | Nawar Andrews | Method and device for generating energy, in particular electrical energy |
| US20180191262A1 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2018-07-05 | General Electric Company | Cryogenic fuel power system |
| CN108331681A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2018-07-27 | 通用电气公司 | Low temp fuel dynamical system |
| US10250156B2 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2019-04-02 | General Electric Company | Cryogenic fuel power system |
| CN108331681B (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2021-06-18 | 通用电气公司 | Cryogenic fuel power system |
| US11041439B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2021-06-22 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Hybrid expander cycle with turbo-generator and cooled power electronics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2554199A (en) | 1999-09-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7245034B2 (en) | Power system for a telecommunications facility | |
| EP1774142B1 (en) | Fuel system used for cooling purposes | |
| EP1188213B1 (en) | Uninterruptible power supply utilizing thermal energy source | |
| US6374591B1 (en) | Liquified natural gas (LNG) fueled combined cycle power plant and a (LNG) fueled gas turbine plant | |
| US20060266043A1 (en) | Power generation system | |
| US20030074900A1 (en) | Energy conversion method and system with enhanced heat engine | |
| US20080148754A1 (en) | Cryogenic cooling system with energy regeneration | |
| US11268439B2 (en) | Cold-heat power generation device | |
| WO1999042706A1 (en) | Electricity generation system for use with cryogenic liquid fuels | |
| KR102062484B1 (en) | Hydrogen Re-liquefaction System | |
| CN114156512B (en) | Closed-cycle efficient superconducting liquid hydrogen energy storage system | |
| EP1931926B1 (en) | Refrigeration system for superconducting devices | |
| US7935450B2 (en) | Method for operation of an energy system, as well as an energy system | |
| US20040262924A1 (en) | Marine propulsion unit | |
| EP1295020A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for cooling the inlet air of combustion turbines | |
| JP3859797B2 (en) | He liquefaction refrigerator | |
| WO2017195657A1 (en) | Low temperature cooling system | |
| JP2008124175A (en) | Superconductive power storage equipment | |
| JP2005086914A (en) | Electric vehicle provided with superconducting motor | |
| JPH1092627A (en) | Superconducting electric power storage system | |
| CN109763870A (en) | A kind of low parameter heat recovery system | |
| JP7471546B1 (en) | Superconducting power generation system | |
| JP2001159318A (en) | Cryogenic power generating device | |
| JPH0579718A (en) | Helium liquefaction refrigerator | |
| RU2088776C1 (en) | Self-contained power refrigerating plant with regeneration of cooling liquid |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: KR |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |