WO1999033005A1 - Outil de mappage objet/relation pour le traitement de vues - Google Patents

Outil de mappage objet/relation pour le traitement de vues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999033005A1
WO1999033005A1 PCT/US1998/027246 US9827246W WO9933005A1 WO 1999033005 A1 WO1999033005 A1 WO 1999033005A1 US 9827246 W US9827246 W US 9827246W WO 9933005 A1 WO9933005 A1 WO 9933005A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
views
source code
logical structure
view
tables
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Application number
PCT/US1998/027246
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English (en)
Inventor
Rahul Sharma
Linda G. Demichiel
Original Assignee
Rahul Sharma
Demichiel Linda G
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/106,186 external-priority patent/US6175837B1/en
Application filed by Rahul Sharma, Demichiel Linda G filed Critical Rahul Sharma
Priority to AU19392/99A priority Critical patent/AU1939299A/en
Publication of WO1999033005A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999033005A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
    • G06F16/289—Object oriented databases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to data processing systems and, more particularly, to an object-relational mapping tool that processes database views. Description of the Related Art
  • relational databases store data in tables having rows (records) and columns (fields).
  • the tables are usually interrelated, and thus, there is a logical structure imposed on the database.
  • This logical structure is known as a schema.
  • Object-relational mapping tools read a database and automatically generate source code.
  • the source code that is generated contains a number of classes whose interrelationship reflects the logical structure, or schema, of the database.
  • a class such as a JavaTM class, is a data structure containing both data members that store data and function members (or methods) that act upon the data.
  • the source code contains one class for each table in the database, and each class has a data member for each column in the corresponding table.
  • the classes contain function members that are used to both get and set the values of the data members and, eventually, update the database.
  • a programmer can easily generate source code to facilitate database application development.
  • the mapping tool After the mapping tool generates the source code, the programmer writes code to interact with only the classes in the generated source code and not the database, thus hiding the complexities of interacting with the database from the programmer.
  • This allows a programmer who is familiar with object-oriented programming to code against familiar classes and not unfamiliar, sometimes cumbersome to use, database query languages.
  • the tables contained in a database are interrelated to each other by primary and foreign keys. Each table may have a primary key, comprising one or more columns, that uniquely identifies a row in the table. Foreign keys, on the other hand, are used to associate a row in one table with one or more rows in another table.
  • a business may store customer information in a database.
  • a database may contain a Customer table and an Order table.
  • the Customer table comprises a column for storing a customer's name and a column for storing a customer's unique identification number.
  • the primary key for the Customer table is the customer identification column because it uniquely identifies each customer in the table and, most likely, will not change.
  • the Order table comprises a column for storing the purchase number, a column for storing the store where the order was placed, a column for storing the date when the order was placed, and a column for storing the customer identification number.
  • a purchase order number identifies the transaction. Since purchase numbers are unique, the primary key for the Order table is defined as the purchase order column. Accordingly, each time a customer places an order, a new row will be generated containing the purchase order number, the store number, the date, and the customer's identification number. Thus a particular customer could have multiple rows in the order table, each representative of a different order transaction.
  • the rows in the Customer table are related to the rows in the Order table by a foreign key.
  • the foreign key for the Order table is the customer identification column, which refers to the customer identification column in the Customer table.
  • the data contained in the two tables can be interrelated. Therefore, it is possible, via the customer identification column, to discover the customer name associated with a particular purchase order.
  • Tables can also have views defined on them. Views are created by query expressions and refer to a subset of one or more tables (i.e. a subset of the rows and/or columns).
  • a view may be defined by one or more columns of the table from which the view is defined, referred to as a base table, or a view may be defined by a combination of columns from multiple base tables.
  • a view can be nested, where the view is based on one or more previously defined views, referred to as base views.
  • a view can be created containing only the purchase orders placed in 1998 or a view can be created containing only the purchase orders made from store XYZ.
  • mapping tools Although beneficial to programmers, conventional object-relational mapping tools suffer from a limitation. When a programmer runs a conventional object-relational mapping tool, the mapping tool does not provide a customizable mapping of views in terms of dependency, updatability, and object mapping of views. Because of this limitation, programmers must develop additional logic in query language and low level database application programming interfaces (API's) to process the views. This makes the code development more difficult and error prone. This is both time consuming and cumbersome. In addition, because updatability and dependencies of views are not captured by conventional mapping tools, any attempt to update a subsequently created view can lead to inconsistent database state. It is therefore desirable to improve object-relational mapping tools. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • an improved object-relational mapping tool is provided that is able to handle views in its processing so that source code can be automatically generated that uses the views, thus facilitating code development.
  • the improved object-relational mapping tool identifies the dependency relationship between relational database base tables, and views and displays this dependency relationship to the programmer so that the programmer can customize the mapping that occurs. That is, the programmer may decide what components of the database should be "mapped" into source code.
  • This customized mapping includes the ability to automatically 1) map all base tables and all views, regardless of the dependencies among them; 2) map base tables only; and 3) map only top level views and base tables with no views derived from them.
  • the mapping tool maps the highest level view or table, or the table itself if there are no views defined on that table. After this automatic mapping has occurred, a programmer can also manually override this mapping and choose to either map or unmap tables and views.
  • the object-relational mapping tool can determine whether or not a view is read-only or whether it can be updated.
  • the programmer may specify, during the mapping process, whether the data in the source code corresponding to the view should be read-only or updatable. In this manner, the programmer is able to decide whether or not the ability to update a view should be passed on to the source code, thus providing the programmer with flexibility to enforce an update policy of their choosing.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of a data processing system suitable for practicing methods and systems consistent with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a more detailed diagram of the database depicted in Figure 1;
  • Figures 3 A and 3B depict a flow chart of the states performed by the object-relational mapping tool depicted in Figure 1 in response to a request to import a database schema or to open a previously imported schema;
  • Figure 4 depicts the display screen produced by the object-relational mapping tool depicted in Figure 1 after a relational database has been imported;
  • Figure 5 depicts the display screen produced by the object-relational mapping tool depicted in Figure 1 in response to a request to view class information
  • Figure 6 depicts the database information window display screen produced by the object- relational mapping tool depicted in Figure 1 in response to a request to view database schema information;
  • Figure 7 depicts a display screen produced by the object-relational mapping tool depicted in Figure 1 in response to a request to map a view that has dependencies and base tables that are also mapped;
  • Figure 8 depicts a display screen produced by the object-relational mapping tool depicted in Figure 1 in response to a request to map a table that has dependencies that are also mapped.
  • an improved object-relational mapping tool that can process views stored in a database.
  • the improved object-relational mapping tool displays on the computer screen any views contained in the schema, the view's and table's associated dependency, and the updatability status of a particular view.
  • the object-relational mapping tool allows the programmer to map views in a customized manner by permitting the programmer to choose whether or not to change the updatability of a particular view and whether or not to map a view.
  • the mapping tool also allows the programmer to customize object mapping of the views by specifying mapped class properties. All of these features facilitate the programmer's development of a database application by automatically generating source code that utilizes views to the programmer's specifications.
  • mapping refers to the ability to tie a relational model of data, as it is modeled by the schema of a relational database, to an object-oriented model, or vice- versa.
  • a programmer can translate the interrelated data of the relational model to a set of interrelated classes containing data and associated behaviors.
  • the object-oriented model can be translated to a relational database.
  • a view can be derived from one or more underlying views or tables. In general, when a view is derived on a single or multiple base tables or other views, that view is considered dependent on the underlying base table(s) or underlying view(s). Because the object-relational mapping tool is able to identify dependencies in the relational database schema, it is possible for the object-relational mapping tool to display the hierarchical relationships.
  • This dependency detection and display feature provides the programmer with great flexibility in deciding what tables and views to map.
  • the programmer may (1) map all base tables and all views, regardless of the dependancies among them; (2) map base tables only; and (3) map only tables and views upon which there are no dependencies.
  • the object-relational mapping tool maps the highest level view of a table, or the table itself if there are no views defined on that table.
  • the programmer may manually override any individual mapping decision, providing an additional level of flexibility to the programmer.
  • the improved object-relational mapping tool imports a schema that may or may not contain views, it applies a default mapping option to it.
  • the default may be to map all views and tables; in which case, when the schema is imported, the mapping tool automatically maps all views and all tables.
  • the programmer can customize the initial schema mapping through the mapping tool user interface.
  • a programmer can individually map or unmap a view or table.
  • the mapping tool user-interface windows display the view's dependency on other tables or views.
  • the mapping tool gives the programmer a choice of leaving the mapping status for a particular view table as is or manually unmapping all of them. Note that if all the dependent views and tables are currently unmapped, this has no effect.
  • This manual mapping feature also has a global feature which maps or unmaps entire sets of views and tables.
  • the programmer can customize the updatability of a selected view (i.e., designate whether or not a mapped view will be updatable or read-only).
  • the mapping tool detects the updatability of a view by interpreting the view's definition. Once the mapping tool identifies the updatability of a particular view, the programmer can customize the mapping of that view by over-riding the default updatability, initially identified by the mapping tool.
  • a programmer can customize the class generated for a view by explicitly deleting all modifier methods (i.e., set methods), thereby providing a non-updatable object veneer over the underlying view. This is yet another way for a programmer to customize the updatability of a view.
  • mapping tool provides a global option to allow importing of all views to be either updatable or read-only.
  • the programmer can customize the global setting by selectively overriding the updatability of a selected view.
  • Figure 1 depicts a data processing system 100 suitable for use with methods and systems consistent with the present invention.
  • Data processing system 100 includes computer 101 connected to the Internet 102.
  • Computer 101 includes memory 104, secondary storage device 106, central processing unit (CPU) 108, input device 110, and video display 112.
  • Memory 104 includes an object-relational mapping tool 114 in accordance with methods and systems consistent with the present invention.
  • the object-relational mapping tool 114 contains database data structure 115, reflecting the schema of database 118, stored on secondary storage device 106, and contains object model 116, which includes all of the information necessary to generate source code.
  • source code 120 Also stored on secondary storage device 106 is source code 120, containing classes reflecting the object model 116.
  • computer 101 is depicted with various components, one skilled in the art will appreciate that this computer can contain additional or different components. Additionally, although computer 101 is shown connected to the Internet 102, computer 101 may be connected to other networks, including other wide-area networks or local-area networks. Furthermore, although aspects of the present invention are described as being stored in memory, one skilled in the art will appreciate that these aspects can also be stored on or read from any other type of computer-readable media, such as secondary storage devices, like hard disks, floppy disks, or CD-ROM; a carrier wave from a network, such as the Internet; or other forms of RAM or ROM. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, and Java-based trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc. in the United States and other countries.
  • the object-relational mapping tool 114 reads database 118 to examine its schema, constructs database data structure 115 to reflect this schema, generates an object model 116 based on the database data structure 115 containing all of the information necessary to create classes, and then creates source code 120 based on object model 116. As stated above, this source code is used by the programmer to facilitate database application development.
  • FIG. 2 depicts the various tables and views contained in database 118.
  • Database 118 includes an Employee table 202, a Tax table 204, and five dependent views: a California Employee view 206, a Washington Employee view 208, an Oregon Employee view 210, an Employee Withholding view 212, and a West Coast Employee view 214. Note, that views, by their nature, are dependent since they are created from tables or even other views.
  • the Employee table 202 comprises five columns: a column of employee identification numbers 216, a column of employee names 218, and three columns representing an employee's address: street 220, city 222, and state 224, respectively.
  • the Tax table 204 comprises three columns: a column for states 230, a column for tax withholding 232, and a column for tax percentage 234. Both the Employee table 202 and the Tax table 204 are referred to as base tables because other views depend from them.
  • the California Employee view 206, the Washington Employee view 208, and the Oregon Employee view 210 have an employee identification number column 240, 250, and 260 respectively, a name column 242, 252, and 262, respectively, and a state column 244, 254, and 264, respectively.
  • the California, Washington, and Oregon Employee views 206-210 are all defined from the Employee base table 202. Each of these three views represent the employees that reside in the respective states.
  • the West Coast Employee view 214 represents all the employees that reside on the West Coast, including California, Washington and Oregon.
  • the West Coast Employee view 214 comprises a employee identification number column 280, a name column 282, and a state column 284. This view is dependent on (or defined from) the California view 206, the Washington view 208, and the Oregon view 210. Since the three state views 206, 208, and 210 have another view that depends on them, the West Coast Employee view 214, they are each referred to as base views.
  • the Employee Withholding view 212 comprising a employee identification number column 270, a name column 272, and a state column 274, is defined in (or is dependent on) the Employee base table 202 and the Tax base table 204. This view comprises columns from both of these base tables.
  • Figures 3 A and 3B depict a flow chart of the states performed by the object-relational mapping tool when displaying, customizing, and mapping relational database schemas that contain views.
  • the first state performed by the mapping tool is to receive a request from the programmer to either input a database schema or open a file containing a previously imported database schema (state 301).
  • a previously imported database schema can be saved as either a database data structure (i.e., after importation but before mapping) or as an object model (i.e., after both importation and mapping). If it is determined in state 302 that a previously imported database schema (stored in a file) is being opened, the object-relational mapping tool proceeds to state 312.
  • the object-relational mapping tool imports the schema (state 304).
  • the mapping tool imports the database schema using the Java database connectivity API (JDBC) available from Sun Microsystems of Palo Alto, California.
  • JDBC Java database connectivity API
  • JDBC is a Java API for executing SQL statements. It consists of a set of classes and interfaces written in the Java programming language. JDBC provides a standard API for tool/database developers and makes it possible to write database applications using a pure Java API. JDBC is described in greater detail in Hamilton, Cattell, and Fisher, JDBC Database Access with Java. Addison- Wesley (1997), which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • mapping tool determines if automatic mapping has been previously requested (state 306).
  • the mapping tool contains an edit menu which allows the programmer to specify if automatic mapping is to take place during the importation process.
  • mapping tool There are three types of automatic mapping performed by the mapping tool. In the first case, the mapping tool will automatically map all tables and all views. In the second case, the mapping tool will automatically map only the base tables and not any views. In the third case, the mapping tool will automatically map only top level views and tables, in which case only tables and views upon which there are no dependencies will be mapped. With this latter option, the mapping tool maps the highest level view of a table or the table itself if there are no views defined on that table.
  • the object-relational mapping tool would automatically map the data structures associated with all five views, 206, 208, 210, 212, and 214 and both tables, 202 and 204.
  • the object-relational mapping tool would only automatically map the data structures associated with West Coast Employee view 214 and the Employee Withholding view 212.
  • the object-relational mapping tool If the automatic mapping feature is set in state 306, the object-relational mapping tool generates an object model reflecting each data structure that is to be automatically mapped (state 308).
  • the object model 116 represents an intermediate form of the information for a class before it is written in source code. Specifically, the object model contains all of the information necessary to create each class in the source code, including data member information, class methods information, field information, selective setting for modifier and accessor methods, and relationship information. Thus, if a particular table or view is to be mapped, the object-relational mapping tool will create a corresponding object in the object model. If, on the other hand, a particular table or view is to be unmapped, then the object-relational mapping tool will delete the corresponding object in the object model.
  • the object-relational mapping tool will set various flags that serve to notify the object-relational mapping tool to generate methods corresponding to the flags when the source code is generated.
  • the object-relational mapping tool will set a flag so that modifier methods for the view's corresponding field(s) in the mapped class will be generated in the source code.
  • the object-relational mapping tool creates a source code file containing classes represented by the object in the object model (state 310).
  • the object-relational mapping tool will generate classes with methods and data members that represent the object model.
  • classes with methods and data members that represent the object model.
  • the object-relational mapping tool will only create “get methods" for each field of the class.
  • the modifier and accessor methods for these classes can be enabled or disabled selectively as part of the mapping customization process.
  • the object-relational mapping tool displays the mapping status in a user-interface mapping window (state 312).
  • the user-interface mapping window provides a mapping summary of the imported database schema, its corresponding database structures, object models, and source code.
  • the user-interface mapping window allows the programmer to customize the mapping, via programmer interaction with the display screen.
  • the user-interface mapping window 400 contains a mapping status section 404 which displays mapping status for each table or view in the database schema, the associated column status for a selected table or view 414 and the associated foreign key information 416.
  • the mapping status section 404 displays data structure (i.e., table and view) information 406, object model information 420, and status information 418 indicating whether or not the table was mapped.
  • the mapping tool differentiates views from tables by marking names of views with an asterisk (e.g., view 418).
  • Associated with OREMPLOY in the class column 420 is the class Oremploy, indicating that a mapped class has been generated.
  • source code has been generated, as indicated by the mapped indicator 417.
  • the associated class indicator 420 would be blank.
  • the class column 420 and the mapped indicator column 417 would be blank.
  • the programmer may view hierarchical information by selecting the show class information button 428 (state 313).
  • This hierarchical information is displayed in the class information window 502 depicted in Figure 5.
  • the hierarchical information appears in the class section 504 and information associated with the selected class appears in the edit class section 506.
  • the fields and other related information e.g., relationships and lock groups
  • Additional information can also be displayed, by first selecting a particular class (e.g. class 505) and then by selecting any of the four buttons in the edit class section 506. Note, however, that the class information window 502 will not contain any class or class hierarchy information for a particular view or table if that view or table has not yet been mapped.
  • the programmer may view hierarchical database information by selecting the show database information button 426 from the user- interface mapping window (state 314).
  • the database information window 602 contains a database section 604, which displays information about a view's dependency on other tables and views. This feature provides a way for programmers to determine how a view's hierarchy has been derived from its underlying associated base set of tables.
  • a programmer can select a view in the database screen 604 and look at the view's dependency by examining the other folders in the list. For example, for OREMPLOY view 605, the list of folders will have an item corresponding to table EMPLOYEE 607.
  • the complete view and table hierarchy information is an additional feature from which assists the programmer in determining whether or not to map a view.
  • the database information display window 602 also allows the programmer to determine whether or not a particular view is updatable or read-only by selecting a particular view (e.g. view 605) and by selecting the Table Info button 616 (state 316). After selecting the Table Info Button 616, the object-relational mapping tool will display an indication 612 of whether the selected view is read-only and an indication 614 of whether the selected view is updatable. The mapping tool determines whether a view is updatable or read-only by using low-level database interface and query language and then displays that information on the display screen 608.
  • the programmer After viewing the updatability of a view, the programmer determines whether or not to change the updatability if that view (state 318 in Figure 3B). Again, the programmer selects a particular view by selecting a view in the database section 604 of the database information window 602. The programmer may change a view's updatability by toggling the view updatability buttons 612, 614.
  • the mapping tool uses the underlying database model in conjunction with the display screen 608 to set a view's updatability.
  • the programmer can display the view's definition 610, (i.e., the fields that comprise the view and the underlying view(s) or table(s) from which the view is derived). Since the underlying database interprets the updatability of a view based on how the view has been derived, the view definition information becomes a useful resource to the programmer when deciding whether or not to customize a view's updatability.
  • the mapping tool determines whether or not the underlying database can support such a setting (state 320). In other words, if the underlying view in the database is read only, then the mapping tool will not allow the programmer to customize a view to be updatable. If the programmer is able to successfully customize a view to be updatable, then the mapping tool enables the modifier methods (i.e., set methods) in the mapped class for the view. Likewise, if an updatable view is customized to be read-only, the mapping tool disables all the modifier methods (i.e., set methods) in the mapped class for that view. Nevertheless, the changes by the mapping tool to the accessor (i.e., get methods) or modifier methods (i.e., set methods) can be selectively overridden by the programmer by interfacing with the class information window 502 in Figure 5, which was discussed above.
  • the programmer can now determine whether or not to manually map a particular table or view (state 326). If the programmer decides not to manually map a particular view or table, processing ends.
  • a table or view is manually mapped by interacting with the user-interface mapping display window 400 depicted in Figure 4.
  • the programmer selects a particular table or view (e.g. view 418).
  • the user-interface mapping tool highlights the entire row of information associated with the selected table or view (e.g. view 418).
  • the programmer simply selects the selection button (417) associated with the highlighted row (e.g. view 418).
  • the programmer simply toggles the selection 424, thereby instructing the object-oriented mapping tool to either map or unmap the selected table or view.
  • the object-relational mapping tool determines whether the request is to map a table or to map a view (state 328). If the programmer requests to map a view, the object-relational mapping tool displays a view dependency window (state 330).
  • the view dependency window 702 depicted in Figure 7 is automatically displayed by the object-relational mapping tool when the selected view 704 that is about to be mapped has dependent views 706 or dependent base tables 708 that are already mapped.
  • the view dependency window allows the programmer, in conjunction with mapping the selected view 712 to unmap the dependent views and tables or keep their status unchanged 710. Once the programmer determines whether or not to unmap or leave unchanged the dependent views and tables, the programmer selects the OK button 712 to initiate the mapping procedure.
  • the object-relational mapping tool in response to the request, will display a table dependency window (state 332).
  • the table dependency window 802 depicted in Figure 8 will automatically be displayed by the object-relational mapping tool when the selected table 804 about to be mapped has dependent views that are already mapped 806.
  • the table dependency display window allows the programmer to unmap all the views or keep their status unchanged 808. Once the programmer determines whether or not to unmap or leave unchanged the dependent views, the programmer selects the OK button 810 to initiate the mapping procedure.
  • the object-relational mapping tool Once the programmer manually selects a view or table to be mapped, the object-relational mapping tool generates, as explained above in state 308, an object model reflecting the table or view's data structure to be mapped (state 334). After the object model has been created, the object-relational mapping tool creates, as explained above in state 310, a source code file containing the class represented by the object in the object model (state 336).
  • the programmer determines if any more views or tables require mapping (state 338). If no more tables or views require mapping, processing ends, otherwise the programmer selects a new table or view to be manually mapped (state 328).

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un outil de mappage objet/relation pouvant traiter des vues. Pendant leur traitement, l'outil identifie la dépendance entre les différentes vues et tables et donne au programmeur la possibilité de personnaliser le mappage qui se fera par détermination sélective des tables et vues à mapper. Cette personnalisation permet à l'outil de mapper une table ou une mappe particulière, ou de mapper (1) l'ensemble des tables et vues (2), l'ensemble des tables seules et (3) les tables et vues sans dépendance. L'outil permet en outre au programmeur de visualiser une vue ou une table particulière et d'en fixer la possibilité d'actualisation.
PCT/US1998/027246 1997-12-22 1998-12-21 Outil de mappage objet/relation pour le traitement de vues WO1999033005A1 (fr)

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AU19392/99A AU1939299A (en) 1997-12-22 1998-12-21 Object-relational mapping tool that processes views

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US6841597P 1997-12-22 1997-12-22
US60/068,415 1997-12-22
US09/106,186 US6175837B1 (en) 1998-06-29 1998-06-29 Object-relational mapping toll that processes views
US09/106,186 1998-06-29

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Cited By (1)

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US7660810B2 (en) 1999-10-01 2010-02-09 Gautestad Arild O Method and system for publication and revision or hierarchically organized sets of static intranet and internet web pages

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"A White Paper: TOPLink for Java", THE OBJECT PEOPLE, 1997, CANADA, pages 1 - 8, XP002098153 *
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7660810B2 (en) 1999-10-01 2010-02-09 Gautestad Arild O Method and system for publication and revision or hierarchically organized sets of static intranet and internet web pages

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