WO1999032861A1 - Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999032861A1 WO1999032861A1 PCT/US1998/027070 US9827070W WO9932861A1 WO 1999032861 A1 WO1999032861 A1 WO 1999032861A1 US 9827070 W US9827070 W US 9827070W WO 9932861 A1 WO9932861 A1 WO 9932861A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- color
- aid
- mea
- predetermined
- econd
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 title claims description 187
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 289
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002226 simultaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 208000027119 bilirubin metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000036796 hyperbilirubinemia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/52—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts
- G01J3/526—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts for choosing a combination of different colours, e.g. to produce a pleasing effect for an observer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/52—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/462—Computing operations in or between colour spaces; Colour management systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/52—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using colour charts
- G01J3/524—Calibration of colorimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0272—Handheld
Definitions
- This invention relates to color measuring instruments and, in particular, to methods and apparatus for calibrating and verifying the calibration of color measuring instruments that are suitable for measuring the color of a surface, including human skin.
- color measuring instruments such as colorimeters and spectrophotometers
- U.S. Patent No. 5,313,267 describes a method and instrument for selecting personal compatible colors using a color measuring device.
- PCT Publication No. WO 96/41140 describes methods and apparatus for determining the condition of a test subject based on color by using a color measuring instrument to detect change in a color factor indicative of a condition such as a disease, spoilage, ageing, etc.
- those methods and apparatus can be used to detect a medical condition known as hyperbilirubinemia by measuring skin color.
- a medical condition known as hyperbilirubinemia
- color measurements are accurate, they are usually preceded by conventional calibration and optionally conventional verification techniques. Such calibration can be performed by measuring a single color standard of predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) and comparing the measurement value (s) with the premeasured value (s) to see that they are substantially the same. Once calibrated, the instrument is normally prepared to perform accurate color measurements producing color measurement value (s) that characterize the color of an unknown sample.
- color measuring instruments are used for medical applications, such as when they are used to detect abnormal medical conditions (including hyperbilirubinemia)
- the accuracy of the color standard used for calibration and verification is critical.
- color standards may be inaccurate because they have been inadvertently scratched and/or soiled by previous users or because they have become discolored, or faded, from atmospheric or electro-magnetic radiation exposure.
- another reason for inaccuracy of the color standard includes poor quality control at the site where the color standard is manufactured. Poor quality control at the manufacturing site may yield unacceptable variability in coloration of a color standard (even though the color standard is new and unused) .
- color . standards from unauthorized manufacturing sites may be mislabeled.
- calibration includes both conventional calibration and standardization techniques as defined by Standard Terminology of Appearance (ASTM definitions) .
- ASTM definitions Standard Terminology of Appearance
- Standardization is the process of adjusting the instrument output to correspond to a previously established calibration using one or more specimens or reference materials.
- a method of calibrating a color measuring instrument with a color standard and verifying the color standard and the calibration according to this invention can include the following steps. First, a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors is provided. Second, the color measuring instrument is calibrated. And third, the calibration of the color measuring instrument is verified.
- the color standard used in a preferred embodiment is one having at least two different colors arranged for simultaneous color measurement to sequentially calibrate a color measuring instrument with first predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard and verify the calibration with at least second and different predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard
- the color calibration and verification apparatus includes variance means to provide at least such first and second different color measurement values, the variance means being selected from the group consisting of : (1) sequential inclusion and exclusion of the predetermined color measurement value (s) of the predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of said colors, (2) sequential exclusion and inclusion of the predetermined color measurement value (s) of the predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of said colors, and (3) sequential unexposure and exposure of photosensitive paper or material which provides at least one of said colors or portion of said colors .
- the color standard used in another preferred embodiment of this invention has a first color that is characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) and a second color that is characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s).
- the color standard used in calibrating and verifying a color measuring instrument can include: (1) a first predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s), (2) a second predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s), or (3) any combination of the first and the second predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- any portion, region, or section of the color standard can be photosensitive so that its color changes in a known way when exposed to a predetermined dose of light.
- the surface of the color standard can be a single surface with two colors or, in another preferred embodiment, can be two separate surfaces with two respective colors.
- a first color which is characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) can be disposed on a first surface of the color standard and a second color (which is characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) ) can be disposed on a second surface of the color standard.
- the second surface can be the opposite side of the first surface.
- a simultaneous color measurement according to this invention includes one color measurement of a single portion having two or more colors .
- the colors are preferably arranged so that a simultaneous color measurement can be made according to this invention, one or more of the colors can be measured separately or in combination.
- one or more simultaneous color measurements can be performed during a single calibration or verification.
- the color standard used according to this invention is substantially opaque or has a surface against the back of the color standard that is opaque .
- Suitable color standards for skin color measurements for detecting conditions affecting hyperbilirubinemia can be chosen using skin color categories .
- Skin color categories are disclosed in Macfarlane et al. U.S. Patent No. 5,671,735, Macfarlane et al. U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 08/939,462, filed on September 29, 1997, Macfarlane et al .
- U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 08/939,232 filed on September 29, 1997, and PCT Publication No.
- WO 96/41140 (which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein) .
- Suitable color standards for hair color measurements can be chosen using hair color classifications. Hair color classifications are disclosed in Macfarlane et al . U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 08/657,590, filed June 7, 1996, and PCT Publication No. WO 96/41139 (which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein) .
- a color measuring instrument and a calibration and verification apparatus for calibrating and further verifying the calibration are also provided.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified illustrative embodiment of a color measuring instrument being used with a calibration and verification apparatus against a surface of a sample of unknown colorization, in accordance with this invention.
- FIGS. 2A-2D are planar views of various illustrative embodiments of color standards, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 3 also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 4A is an exploded perspective view of another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus, including a variable aperture mask, frame, and color standard, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 4A also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the variable aperture mask and frame shown in FIG. 4A in a "closed” position, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 4C is a perspective view of the variable aperture mask and frame shown in FIG. 4A in an "open" position, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 5A is an exploded perspective view of yet another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus, including another variable aperture mask, frame, and color standard, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 5A also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the variable aperture mask and frame shown in FIG. 5A in a "closed” position, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 5C is a perspective view of the variable aperture mask and frame shown in FIG. 5A in an "open" position, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 6A is a planar view of still another illustrative embodiment of a color standard, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 6B is a planar view of a mask that can be used with the color standard shown in FIG. 6A in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 6C is a side view of yet another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus that can be used with the color standard shown in FIG. 6A and the mask shown in FIG. 6B, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 6D is a cross-sectional view of the calibration and verification apparatus taken from line 6D-6D of FIG. 6C, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 6E is a side view of yet another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus that can be used with the color standard shown in FIG. 6A and the mask shown in FIG. 6B, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 6F is a cross-sectional view of the calibration and verification apparatus taken from line 6F-6F of FIG. 6E, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 7A is a side cross-sectional view of yet another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus that can be used in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the calibration and verification apparatus taken from line 7B-7B of FIG. 7A with a mask in a first operable position, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view of the calibration and verification apparatus taken from line 7C-7C of FIG. 7A with a mask in a second operable position, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of still another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus, including a frame and a color standard, in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 8 also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of yet another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus using a photosensitive layer in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 9 also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 9 where the apparatus is in an assembled configuration.
- FIG. 10 also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of yet another illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus using a photosensitive layer in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 11 also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 11 where the apparatus is in an assembled configuration.
- FIG. 12 also shows a head of a color measuring instrument on which the apparatus can be mounted.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of yet a further illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus using a photosensitive layer in accordance with this invention, where the apparatus is in an assembled configuration.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional exploded side view of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 13.
- FIG. 15 is a top view, partly in section, of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 13.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional side view of yet a further illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus using a photosensitive portion in accordance with this invention, where the apparatus is in an assembled configuration.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional exploded side view of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 16.
- FIG. 18 is a top view, partly in section, of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 16.
- FIG. 19 is a cross- sectional side view of yet a further illustrative embodiment of a calibration and verification apparatus using a photosensitive layer in accordance with this invention, where the apparatus is in an assembled configuration.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional exploded side view of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 19.
- FIG. 21 is a top view, partly in section, of the calibration and verification apparatus shown in FIG. 19.
- a color calibration and verification apparatus for calibrating and verifying the calibration of a color measuring instrument.
- the apparatus includes a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors arranged for a simultaneous color measurement .
- the apparatus includes a color standard having a surface with at least a first region and a second region, wherein the first region has a first color characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) , and wherein the second region is photosensitive and has a second color characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement values prior to exposure to light and after exposure to light of a predetermined quantity, and is adequately photosensitive to allow a sufficient change in color by exposure to a predetermined quantity of light for the color measurement instrument to differentiate the color measurement values prior to exposure and after exposure to such light.
- color measuring instruments and methods for calibrating and verifying color measuring instruments are provided.
- a method for calibrating a color measuring instrument and verifying the calibration is provided.
- the method can include:
- variance means to provide said first and second different color measurement values, said variance means being selected from the group consisting of: (1) sequential inclusion and exclusion of predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of said colors, (2) sequential exclusion and inclusion of predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of said colors, and (3) sequential unexposure and exposure of photosensitive paper or material which provides at least one of said colors or region or portion of said colors;
- a method for calibration of a color measuring instrument and verification of the calibration using a color calibration and verification apparatus includes: (a) a color standard having a substantially opaque surface with at least two different colors arranged for simultaneous color measurement to sequentially calibrate the instrument with first predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard and verify the calibration with at least second and different predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard, and (b) variance means to provide first and at least second different color measurement values, the variance means being selected from the group consisting of: (1) sequential inclusion and exclusion of predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of the colors, (2) sequential exclusion and inclusion of predetermined color measurement value (s) of the portion of the colors, and (3) sequential unexposure and exposure of photosensitive paper or material which provides at least one of the colors or portion of the colors.
- the method includes (a) calibrating the instrument with first predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard; (b) causing the variance means to provide at least second and different predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard; and (c) verifying the calibration of the color measurement instrument with at least second and different predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard.
- the color measuring instrument for use with this method includes: (a) means for calibrating the instrument with first predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard; (b) means for causing the variance means to provide at least second and different predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard; and (c) means for verifying the calibration of the color measurement instrument with at least second and different predetermined color measurement value (s) of the color standard.
- calibrating can include at least measuring a known and predetermined portion of the color standard to obtain calibration color measurement value (s), and verifying can include at least measuring a second known portion to obtain verification color measurement value (s) .
- exposing preferably includes exposing at least the second color (i.e., photosensitive region) to a predetermined dose of light such that the calibration color measurement value (s) and the verification color measurement value (s) are different.
- the method includes: (1) providing a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors arranged for a simultaneous color measurement; (2) calibrating the instrument; and (3) verifying that the color standard used in calibration is an authorized color standard of the predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measuring instrument has achieved predetermined specified results.
- the color measuring instrument for use with this method includes: (1) means for calibrating with the color standard; and (2) means for verifying that the color standard used in calibration is an authorized color standard of the predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measurement instrument has achieved predetermined specified results .
- another method includes: (1) providing a color standard having a surface with at least a first region and a second region, wherein the first region has a first color characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s), and wherein the second region is photosensitive; (2) calibrating the instrument with the apparatus; (3) exposing at least the second region to light; and (4) verifying that the color standard used in calibration is an authorized color standard of the predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measurement instrument has achieved predetermined specified results.
- the color measuring instrument for use with this method includes: (1) means for calibrating; (2) means for exposing at least the second region to light; and (3) means for verifying that the color standard used in calibration is an authorized color standard of the predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measurement instrument has achieved predetermined specified results.
- Either of the above methods can include the following steps:
- a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors, a first of the colors being characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) and a second of the colors being characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s); (2) calibrating the instrument, the calibrating comprising: measuring at least a first known and predetermined portion of the color standard surface to obtain preliminary calibration color measurement value (s), adjusting the instrument output to correspond to previously established calibrations, using the portion of the color standard and remeasuring the portion of the color standard to obtain calibration color measurement value (s) and comparing the calibration color measurement value (s) with a calibration's premeasured color measurement value (s) for the same known and predetermined portion of the color standard surface to ensure that the calibration color measurement value (s) and the calibration's premeasured color measurement value (s) is substantially the same and therefore to ensure that calibration has achieved predetermined specified results; and
- the color calibration and verification apparatus includes variance means to provide such first and second different color measurement values, the variance means being selected from the group consisting of (1) sequential inclusion and exclusion of at least the predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of said colors, (2) sequential exclusion and inclusion of at least the predetermined color measurement value (s) of a portion of said colors, and (3) sequential unexposure and exposure of photosensitive paper or material which provides at least one of said colors or portion of at least one of said colors.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustrative embodiment of color measuring instrument 10 and calibration and verification apparatus 20 in accordance with this invention.
- Instrument 10 can be a color measuring instrument such as a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer or other color measuring instrument suitable for measuring the color of a sample surface 30, such as hair, teeth, matter, materials, or human skin.
- Sensor head 15 is usually at one end of instrument 10. In order to ensure that measurements of such samples are accurate, such measurements are usually preceded by calibration and optionally verification. Calibration is usually performed by measuring a single color standard with known premeasured color measurement value (s) and comparing the measurement value (s) with the premeasured known value (s) to see that they are substantially the same.
- the instrument is normally prepared to perform accurate color measurements producing color measurement value (s) that characterize the color of an unknown sample.
- color measurement value s
- the calibration of the color measuring instrument is not performed correctly, such as when the color standard used during calibration was inaccurate for the intended calibration results, a subsequent color measurement of a sample with unknown color will be inaccurate.
- subsequent verification against a color standard different than that of the color standard used to calibrate can further ensure that the standard used to calibrate the machine was an accurate and authorized color standard for its intended calibration.
- a method of color calibration and verification includes: (1) providing a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors, (2) calibrating a color measuring instrument by measuring one known portion of the color standard surface, including adjusting the instrument output to correspond to previously established calibration, using the color standard and remeasuring the color standard used in calibration to ensure the calibration achieved predetermined specified results and (3) verifying by measuring another known portion of the color standard surface to verify that the color standard used to calibrate is an authorized color standard having predetermined specifications and that the calibration of the color instrument has achieved predetermined specified results.
- a color standard according to this aspect of the invention has a surface with at least two different colors.
- a first color is characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- a second color can be characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- the color standard is preferably substantially opaque, or has a back surface that is substantially opaque, with at least two colors that are arranged for a simultaneous color measurement.
- a color measurement value is any coordinate in any predefined color space.
- color spaces include, for example, XYZ Tristimulus value space (CIE 1931) , X 10 Y ⁇ o z ⁇ o Tristimulus value space (CIE 1964) , Yxy Chromacity coordinate space, L*a*b* space (CIELAB) , L*C*h space, Munsell space, Hunter Lab space, L*u*v* space (CIELUV) , as well as a series of wavelengths, which can be measured in nanometers.
- Color measurement value (s) can include one or more color measurement values .
- Premeasured color measurement value (s) consist of color measurement value (s) that were obtained by measuring the color of a known portion of a color standard surface of specified predetermined coloration with a first calibrated color measuring instrument prior to using such color standard to calibrate a second color measuring instrument for measuring the color of samples .
- a predetermined coloration's calibration's premeasured color measurement value (s) can be: (1) the first predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s), (2) the second predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s),. or (3) any combination of the first and the second predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- a predetermined coloration's calibration's premeasured color measurement value (s) can consist of color measurement value (s) that were obtained by measuring the color of a first known portion of a color standard surface of specified predetermined coloration with the first calibrated color measuring instrument prior to using the color standard to calibrate the second color measuring instrument for measuring the color of samples .
- a predetermined coloration's verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) can be: (1) the first predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s), (2) the second predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s), or (3) any combination of the first and the second predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- a predetermined coloration's verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) can consist of color measurement value (s) that were obtained by measuring the color of a second known portion of a color standard surface of specified predetermined coloration with the first calibrated color measuring instrument prior to using the color standard to calibrate the second color measuring instrument for measuring the color of samples . After a color standard of specified predetermined coloration is provided in the first step, the color measuring instrument is preferably calibrated according to the principles of this invention.
- calibration includes both conventional calibration and standardization techniques as defined by Standard Terminology of Appearance (ASTM definitions) .
- ASTM definitions Standard Terminology of Appearance
- Standardization is the process of adjusting the instrument output to correspond to a previously established calibration using one or more specimens or reference materials .
- calibration includes (1) providing a color standard of predetermined specified coloration, (2) measuring at least a first known and predetermined portion of the color standard surface to obtain preliminary calibration color measurement value (s), adjusting the instrument output to correspond to previously established calibration, using the color standard and remeasuring the color standard to obtain calibration color measurement value (s), and (3) comparing the calibration color measurement value (s) (or calculated color measurement value (s) of a different color index, which are calculated from the color measurement value ( ⁇ ) ) with calibration's premeasured color measurement value (s) for the same known and predetermined portion of the color standard surface to ensure that the calibration color measurement value (s) and the calibration's premeasured color measurement value (s) are substantially the same and therefore to ensure that calibration has achieved predetermined specified results.
- a second known portion of the color standard surface is used to verify that the color standard used in the calibration is an authorized color standard of predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measuring instrument has achieved predetermined specified results.
- verifying includes (1) measuring at least a second known and predetermined portion of the color standard surface to obtain verification color measurement value (s), and (2) determining that the verification color measurement value (s) (or calculated verification color measurement value (s) of a different color index, which are calculated from the verification color measurement value (s) ) is substantially equal to the verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) for the same know and predetermined portion of the color standard surface.
- the verification color measurement value (s) is substantially equal to a verification's premeasured color measurement value (s)
- the first and second colors of predetermined coloration on the color standard surface can be disposed on that surface in a known ratio of surface areas.
- a "known ratio of surface areas” is any ratio of surface areas such that a measurement of a known portion of that surface corresponds to a known and predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- the ratio of a first surface area on which the first color of predetermined coloration is disposed to a second surface area on which the second color of predetermined coloration is disposed is predetermined and known. That known ratio can be uniform over the standard surface or it can vary over the surface, such as radially, in a known fashion.
- the two colors of predetermined coloration can be disposed on the color standard surface in a known configuration.
- a "known configuration” is any arrangement of colors such that a measurement of a known portion of the color standard surface corresponds to a known and predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s).
- a known ratio or configuration permits a variety of calibration and verification methods according to this invention.
- FIGS. 2A-2D show four embodiments of a color standard with at least two different colors of predetermined coloration according to this invention.
- FIG. 2A shows color standard surface 205 having a first color of predetermined coloration disposed on central portion 210 of surface 205 and a second color of predetermined coloration disposed on outer portion 215, which is disposed radially outside central portion 210.
- portions 210 and 215 are disposed in a radially symmetric fashion, as shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 2B shows color standard surface 220 having a first color of predetermined coloration disposed on semicircular portion 225 of surface 220 and a second color of predetermined coloration disposed on adjacent semi- circular portion 230 of surface 220.
- FIG. 2C shows color standard surface 235 having a first color of predetermined coloration disposed on slices 240 and a second color of predetermined coloration disposed on slices 245 of surface 235.
- a color standard in accordance with this invention can have three or more colors of predetermined coloration, as shown in FIG. 2D.
- color standard 250 shows four different colors of predetermined coloration, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that any number of colors of predetermined coloration can be disposed on surface 250 in accordance with this invention.
- the colors of predetermined coloration can be disposed on the surface of a color standard in a substantially random fashion, as long as within that random disposition of colors of predetermined coloration each color or gradation of color has a predetermined coloration of premeasured color measurement value (s) for subsequent use in calibration and verification.
- a common feature of the color standards shown in FIGS. 2A-2D is that they all have predetermined and known color configurations so that a measurement of a known portion of that surface will correspond to known color of predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- the two different colors on the color standard can differ only by a single premeasured color measurement value, such as when the predetermined coloration's premeasured color measurement valu (s) are measured in CIE Hunter Lab space (1948) and only the lightness color measurement value L is different.
- the two colors would be considered to have different premeasured color measurement value (s), as long as the value of L differed, preferably by at least 3 points.
- One method of achieving a very high L value is by providing a high gloss finish to a region of the color standard.
- the L value that corresponds to that region can be extremely large (greater than 80 or 90 points) .
- such high gloss finishes also tend to strongly affect (usually increase) the value of the other premeasured color measurement value (s), that is the a and b values.
- That portion which can be measured during calibration and/or verification, must include a region having at least one color with a large L value (e.g., a value greater than about 80 points, and preferably greater than about 90 points) and a second color with a relatively small L value and substantially unaffected (e.g., low) a and b values.
- a large L value e.g., a value greater than about 80 points, and preferably greater than about 90 points
- calibration and verification can be performed according to this invention by using a color standard with two different colors, a first of which has a high gloss finish and a second of which has a matte, a low gloss (or no gloss) finish.
- a color measuring instrument was programmed to only calibrate and verify with a high L value and low a and b values, non-authorized color standards could be detected and rejected according to this invention. It should be clear, however, that while this aspect of the invention is described in terms of CIE Hunter Lab space (1948) , any color coordinates of any color index can be used to describe the colorization of a color standard in accordance with this invention.
- Calibration according to this invention can be performed by measuring any known and predetermined portion of the color standard surface. Therefore, a calibration measurement can include measuring a known and predetermined portion of the standard surface on which a single color of predetermined coloration is disposed, two colors of predetermined coloration are disposed, or three or more colors of predetermined coloration are disposed, as long as that portion corresponds to a known color of predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- FIG. 3 shows an illustrative embodiment of color calibration and verification apparatus 300.
- Apparatus 300 includes mask 310, frame 320, and color standard 330.
- Color standard 330 is removably fastened to frame 320.
- Color standard 330 can have tab portion 331 for a user to grasp when removal of color standard 330 is desired.
- Mask 310 is mounted, preferably removably mounted, between color measuring instrument sensor head 340 and color standard 330.
- Mask 310 can also have tab portion 311 for a user to grasp when removal of mask 310 is desired.
- frame 320 can itself act as a mask to some degree .
- calibration color measurement value can be obtained by measuring a first known portion of color standard 330.
- the first color of predetermined coloration is disposed centrally on standard 330 and the second color of predetermined coloration is disposed on an annular region radially outside the central region of standard 330.
- the shape, size, and position of aperture 312 of mask 310 determines the first known portion measured during calibration. That portion can include all of the first color of predetermined coloration, part of the first color of predetermined coloration, or none of the first color of predetermined coloration. As shown in FIG. 3, however, mask 310 blocks the outer annular region so that first known portion 332 of standard 330 is measured alone.
- the first known portion includes all of the central region characterized by the first color of predetermined coloration and part of the annular region characterized by the second color of predetermined coloration.
- the central region i.e., surface area on which the first color is disposed
- only a part of the central region is measured and none of the annular region is measured. Therefore, the regions that are characterized by different colors can be arranged so that they can be simultaneously measured. However, such an arrangement does not mean that every color measurement includes two or more different colors .
- Mask 310 can be removed from apparatus 300 by any convenient method, including grasping and then pulling tab portion 311 of mask 310 until mask 310 no longer blocks light from entering the color measuring instrument .
- mask 310 could be removed by (1) unfastening apparatus 300 from color measuring instrument head 340 to expose mask 310, (2) pulling tab portion 311 of mask 310 until mask 310 is removed from apparatus 300, and (3) replacing apparatus 300 on color measuring instrument head 340.
- the second known portion of color standard 330 includes substantially the entire color standard surface, including all of first known portion 332.
- second known portion 334 would include a surface on which the first and second colors of predetermined coloration are disposed.
- Second known portion 334 which is used during verification, can be any portion of the standard surface, such as a portion that includes first known portion 332.
- verification can be performed by measuring any known portion of the color standard surface.
- first known portion 332 and second known portion 334 can correspond to the same surface area, such as when at least one of the two colors are photosensitive.
- a verification measurement (or alternatively a calibration measurement) can include measuring a known and predetermined portion of the standard surface on which a single color of predetermined coloration is disposed, two colors of predetermined coloration are disposed, or three or more colors of predetermined coloration are disposed, as long as that known portion corresponds to known color of predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- s color measurement value
- two or more colors are used, they are preferably arranged for one or more simultaneous color measurements.
- the calibration and the color standard may be verified after removing mask 310.
- the second known portion of color standard 330 would include substantially the entire color standard surface including first known portion 332 and would be a portion of the color standard surface on which the first color of predetermined coloration and the second color of predetermined coloration are disposed.
- the aperture of a mask can have a variable size.
- calibration and verification apparatus 400 includes mask 410, frame 420, and color standard 430.
- Color standard 430 (shown in FIG. 4A) is similar to color standard 205, shown in FIG. 2A.
- Color standard 430 is preferably fastened to frame 420 so that its calibration and verification surface faces color measuring instrument sensor head 440.
- Color standard 430 can have tab portion 431 for a user to grasp when color standard removal is desired.
- Mask 410 is mounted between head 440 and color standard 430 and can include a plurality of opaque elements 412 that can move relative to each other to change the diameter of central aperture 422 in order to mask a variable portion of color standard 430 (mask 410 is sometimes referred to as an iris) .
- Mask 410 preferably has at least two operable positions determined by the relative positions of opaque elements 412, but can have more depending on the number of individual calibration and verification measurements desired.
- FIG. 4B shows frame 420 and mask 410 in a first operable position where mask 410 masks a radially outer part of the color standard surface. In that position, only first known portion 432 is measurable.
- FIG. 4C shows mask 410 in a second operable position, in which case only a small outer part of the color standard surface is masked. In that case, second known portion 434 is a portion that includes first portion 432 plus a part of the previously masked surface (an adjacent portion radially outside first known portion 432) .
- a predetermined combination of colors of predetermined coloration is measurable.
- the color configuration of the color standard can be any known configuration and need not be the particular standard shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIGS. 5A-5C show another calibration and verification instrument 500, which includes mask 510 (including mask elements 510a and 510b) , frame 520, and color standard 530.
- Color standard 530 shown in FIG. 5 is again similar to color standard 220 shown in
- color standard can have any known color configuration of predetermined coloration in accordance with this invention.
- Color standard 530 is fastened to frame 520 so that the color standard surface faces color measuring instrument sensor head 540.
- Color standard 530 can have tab portion 531 for a user to grasp when it is desired to remove standard 530 from frame 520 to measure a sample of color.
- Mask elements 510a and 510b can be mounted in annular frame 520 and between head 540 and color standard 530.
- elements 510a and 510b are slidable relative to frame 520 for masking a desired portion of the surface of standard 530.
- Mask elements 510a and 510b can also have respective tabs 511a and 511b so that a user can slide each of the mask elements into at least two operable positions (including a completely removed position) , but can have more than two positions depending on the number of individual calibration and verification measurements desired.
- FIGS. 5B and 5C show mask elements in "closed” and “open” operable positions, respectively. In the closed position, semicircular mask elements form a circle and substantially block outer annular region 535 of the standard, thereby masking first known portion 532 measurable.
- second known portion 534 which includes first known portion 532 and at least some of the previously blocked outer annular region 535 of color standard 530, is measurable.
- mask 510 can be used in a predetermined intermediate position between the first and second operable positions so that a predetermined combination of colors of predetermined coloration on the color standard surface is measurable.
- a color standard can have a plurality of portions that can be measured during calibration and/or verification. When used to calibrate, the measurable portion on the color standard surface is referred to as a first known portion. When used to verify, the measurable portion is referred to as a second known portion.
- FIG. 6A shows color standard 600, which includes five regions 602, 604, 606, 608, and 610 with different colors disposed thereon.
- a first known portion can be any of these five regions or, depending on the mask used and its relative position, a predetermined combination of these regions.
- a second known portion- can be any of the regions or a predetermined combination of these regions . Any of the five regions can be photosensitive, as described more fully below.
- FIG. 6B shows an illustrative embodiment of a mask that can be used in combination with color standard 600 is mask 620.
- Mask 620 is preferably substantially flat and has aperture 622.
- Mask 620 can be constructed with any material that is opaque to visible wavelengths of light, and is preferably black.
- a first known portion, or calibration portion, of standard 600 can be selected by adjusting the relative position between color standard 600 and mask 620. Adjusting the relative position can involve rotating color standard 600 or mask 620 while the other is fixed.
- FIGS. 6C and 6D show calibration and verification apparatus 630 in which color standard 600 is rotatable and mask 620 is fixed.
- Apparatus 630 can therefore include color standard 600, mask 620, and frame 632.
- Frame 632 is mountable to sensor head 640 of a color measuring instrument (not shown) and color standard 600 is fastened to movable frame element 633 such that the surface of color standard 600 faces a light detector, or sensor, in instrument head 640.
- the desired position of standard 600 can be selected by rotating frame element 633, such as by moving handle 634, which is fixed to movable element 633.
- mask 620 can be removed entirely from apparatus 630, in which case the known portion would include substantially the entire surface of color standard 600.
- Mask 620 can be removed by grasping and pulling a tab portion (not shown) of mask 620 and can be performed while apparatus 630 is temporarily removed from instrument head 640.
- standard 600 should be completely removed from movable element 633 by peeling standard 600 away from element 633 by grasping and pulling tab portion 601.
- Standard 600 can be fastened to frame 633 with adhesive so that standard 600 is destroyed when standard 600 is removed from frame element 633, thereby ensuring that an unexposed standard will be used for any subsequent calibration or verification.
- frame 633 remains mounted to head 640 of the color measuring instrument so that color measuring instrument is ready for measuring a sample with unknown coloration, such as human skin.
- a sanitary surface (rim 635) of frame 632 is preferably exposed.
- That sanitary surface of rim 635 can then be placed directly on the unknown surface (e.g., human skin) during a subsequent color measurement .
- This sanitary feature is especially useful in the medical field where a sanitary surface reduces the possibility of transmitting germs from one patient to another.
- Mask 620 is preferably removed before measuring the color of a sample of unknown coloration so that a large surface area is available for the subsequent measurement.
- FIGS. 6E and 6F show calibration and verification apparatus 650 in which color standard 600 is fixed and mask 620 is rotatable.
- Apparatus 650 can therefore include color standard 600, mask 620, and frame 652.
- Frame 652 is mountable to a sensor head 640 of a color measuring instrument (not shown) and color standard 600 is fastened to fixed frame element 653 such that the surface of color standard 600 faces a light detector, or sensor, in instrument head 640.
- the position of mask 620 in apparatus 650 can be selected by rotation of mask 620, such as by moving mask handle 654, which is fixed to element 653. Regardless of the particular apparatus used, it should be clear to a person of ordinary skill in the art that multiple portions can be selected on color standard 600 for calibration and verification in accordance with this invention.
- standard 600 should be removed from movable element 633 by peeling standard 600 away from element 633 by grasping and pulling tab portion 601.
- a sanitary surface (rim 655) of frame 652 is preferably exposed.
- mask 620 should also be removed before measuring the colorization of a sample of unknown colorization in order to maximize the measurable surface area of the sample .
- FIG. 7 shows calibration and verification apparatus 700.
- Instrument 700 includes mask 710, frame 720, and color standard 730.
- Color standard 730 is similar to color standard 220 shown in FIG. 2B, except that standard 730 is substantially square.
- color standard 730 can be photosensitive, as described more fully below.
- Color standard 730 is fastened to frame 720 so that its calibration and verification surface face color measuring instrument sensor head 740.
- Color standard 730 can have tab portion 731 for a user to grasp when standard removal is desired.
- Mask 710 can be slidably mounted between head 740 and color standard 730. Accordingly, mask 711 can also have handle portion 711 to (1) facilitate changing the position of mask 710 between calibration and verification and/or (2) to remove mask 711 from frame 720 before measuring the color of an unknown sample. Alternatively, handle portion 712 of mask 710 can also be used to remove mask 710 from frame 720.
- FIG. 7B shows mask 710 in a first operable position where mask 710 masks first known portion 732 and second known portion 734 is measurable. When mask 710 is in a second operable position, as shown in FIG. 7C, second known portion 734 is masked and first known portion 732 is measurable. When mask 710 is in a predetermined intermediate position between the first and second operable positions, a predetermined combination of colors of predetermined coloration (e.g., colors on first and second portions 732 and 734) is measurable.
- a predetermined combination of colors of predetermined coloration e.g., colors on first and second portions 7
- the physical masking techniques described above can be necessary when the first and second known portions of the color standard would otherwise simultaneously be exposed for a color measurement without a mask. When only one of the known portions is exposed for calibration without a mask, no mask may be necessary. However, in order to expose the other known portion of the color standard for verification, that color standard may be physically moved or reoriented between calibration and verification.
- a color standard with two surfaces is a flat sheet having two opposite sides, each of which has a surface with a predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) . In this case the color standard must be flipped or exchanged, respectively, to expose the appropriate surfaces during calibration and verification.
- the two surfaces could be on physically distinct objects, in which case the object must be flipped or exchanged between calibration and verification.
- the above-identified procedures for calibrating and verifying according to this invention still apply.
- the methods described below involve constructive masking techniques.
- Actual masking involves the physical blocking of light so that either the first known portion or the second known portion is at least partially defined by a physical mask.
- Consstructive masking is performed by a color measuring instrument without a physical mask and can be used when the first known portion and the second known portion include the same color or the same combination of colors -- that is, the portions correspond to the same surface area of the color standard. Constructive masking is useful because the color calibration and verification apparatus used in accordance with this aspect of the invention is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
- FIG. 8 shows an illustrative embodiment of color calibration and verification apparatus 800 for use with constructive masking methods of this invention.
- Apparatus 800 includes frame 820 and color standard 830.
- Color standard 830 is removably fastened to frame 820.
- color standard 830 can have tab portion 831 for easy removal from frame 820. Removal of color standard 830 can involve peeling color standard 830 away from frame 820 where they are attached, such as by pressure or adhesive.
- constructive masking requires that the color standard be removed before a color measurement is made on an unknown sample .
- calibration color measurement value (s) are obtained by measuring a known portion of color standard 830.
- Color standard 830 is similar to standard 205 shown in FIG.
- a color standard for use with this aspect of the invention can have a surface with at least two different colors in accordance with this invention -- namely, a first color characterized by a first predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) and a second color characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- Another color standard that can be used in accordance with this invention is one having one or more regions having a high gloss finish or that is photosensitive .
- the first known portion measured during calibration can be substantially the entire color standard surface but can also be a predetermined portion of that surface when a mask is used.
- frame 820 can to some degree act as a mask itself .
- the colors are preferably arranged for one or more simultaneous color measurements, even though a color measurement of a single color alone can also be possible.
- first known portion 832 and second known portion 834 can be arranged inside the window provided by frame 820.
- standard 830 can be verified after calibration without changing the portion of the surface being measured. That is, the first known portion and the second known portion refer to the same surface area of color standard 830, which can include the same colors or the same predetermined combination of colors . Calibration is the same according to this aspect of the invention, but verification includes an extra step.
- the second known portion will have verification measurement value (s) that can be different from the verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) . Therefore, in order to verify whether or not the color standard is an authorized standard of predetermined specification and to verify that the calibration of the color measuring instrument is according to a predetermined specification according to this aspect of the invention, computed color measurement values must be calculated based on the verification color measurement value ( ⁇ ) and those computed values are compared with the verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) . The calculation is simple because the verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) would be related to the verification color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) by predetermined differential color mea ⁇ urement value (s) .
- the computed color measurement value (s) can be the ⁇ um of or difference between the verification color measurement value ( ⁇ ) and the predetermined differential color mea ⁇ urement value (s) . Therefore, the step of determining that the verification color measurement value (s) i ⁇ substantially equal to the verification's premeasured color measurement value (s) can include (1) calculating computed color measurement value (s) based on the verification color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) and (2) determining that the computed color measurement value (s) are ⁇ ub ⁇ tantially equal to the verification's premeasured color mea ⁇ urement value (s) .
- the known portion measured during the calibration and verification ⁇ tep ⁇ in thi ⁇ con ⁇ tructive masking technique can be any known portion on the standard surface, and can include a first color, a second color, or a predetermined combination of a first color and a second color.
- the known portion can include tho ⁇ e additional color ⁇ as well.
- the computed color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) can be calculated ba ⁇ ed on the verification color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) .
- the computed color measurement value (s) can be obtained by adding or subtracting predetermined differential color measurement value (s) to the verification color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) .
- predetermined differential color measurement value (s) can be ba ⁇ ed on the verification's premeasured color mea ⁇ urement value (s) .
- the predetermined differential color measurement value ( ⁇ ) would simply correspond to the contribution of the second color, that is, the "difference" between the contribution of the first color and the contribution of the combination of the first and second colors .
- the known portion measured during verification is a portion that consi ⁇ t ⁇ e ⁇ sentially of the second color.
- the predetermined differential color mea ⁇ urement value (s) would also be based on the verification' ⁇ premea ⁇ ured color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ).
- the verification's premeasured color measurement value ( ⁇ ) correspond to a combination of the first and second colors
- the predetermined differential color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) would ⁇ imply corre ⁇ pond to the contribution of the fir ⁇ t color, that i ⁇ , the "difference" between the contribution of the second color and the contribution of the combination of the first and second colors.
- the known portion mea ⁇ ured in the verification ⁇ tep includes a predetermined combination of the first color and the ⁇ econd color. Then, if the verification' ⁇ premea ⁇ ured color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) corresponds to a first color, the predetermined differential color measurement value ( ⁇ ) would simply correspond to the contribution of the ⁇ econd color -- the "difference" between the contribution of the first color and the contribution of the predetermined combination of the fir ⁇ t and ⁇ econd color ⁇ .
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show calibration and verification apparatus 900.
- FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of apparatu ⁇ 900 and FIG. 10 i ⁇ an a ⁇ embled per ⁇ pective view of apparatu ⁇ 900.
- Apparatu ⁇ 900 include ⁇ relea ⁇ e liner 910, ⁇ anitary layer 920, photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive layer 930, color ⁇ tandard 940, and cap 950.
- Relea ⁇ e liner 910 ha ⁇ fir ⁇ t surface 912, which faces downward in FIG. 9, and second surface 914, which faces upward in FIG. 9.
- fir ⁇ t surface 912 of release liner 910 attache ⁇ to di ⁇ tal surface 962 of color measuring in ⁇ trument head 960, which include ⁇ round window 963 through which color mea ⁇ urement ⁇ are made.
- Relea ⁇ e liner 910 i ⁇ preferably optically opaque to prevent a photo ⁇ ensitive surface of layer 930 from being expo ⁇ ed to ⁇ ufficient electromagnetic radiation to expo ⁇ e it enough to change it ⁇ color ⁇ ub ⁇ tantially before apparatu ⁇ 900 is used.
- Sanitary layer 920 has first ⁇ urface 922, which face ⁇ downward in FIG. 9, and ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 924, which face ⁇ upward in FIG. 9.
- Sanitary layer 920 ha ⁇ fir ⁇ t optically tran ⁇ parent aperture 926, such as a hole, for exposing photosen ⁇ itive layer 930 and color ⁇ tandard 940 when u ⁇ ed as described below.
- Second surface 914 of release liner 910 can be attached to fir ⁇ t surface 922 of sanitary layer 920 with an adhesive, or any other conventional means. It will be appreciated that while release liner 910 and sanitary layer 920 are attached, they can be separated as desired.
- layer 930 has ⁇ econd optically tran ⁇ parent aperture 936 that has a cros ⁇ - ⁇ ectional area that i ⁇ ⁇ aller than the cro ⁇ - ⁇ ectional area of fir ⁇ t optically transparent aperture 926.
- region 935 of layer 930 changes color in a known way when exposed to a predetermined do ⁇ e of light.
- a photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive paper that can be u ⁇ ed in accordance with thi ⁇ invention i ⁇ ⁇ old under the name "polycontra ⁇ t 3RC E, " which is available from the Eastman Kodak Company, of Rochester, New York.
- the region of photosensitive layer exposed to vi ⁇ ible light will darken a known amount when the it i ⁇ exposed to a predetermined dose of light.
- Color standard 940 has fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 942, which face ⁇ downward in FIG. 9, and ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 944, which face ⁇ upward in FIG. 9.
- Layer 940 i ⁇ mounted ⁇ o that it ⁇ fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 942 i ⁇ facing ⁇ econd surface 934 of layer 930.
- standard 940 i ⁇ mounted so that region 946 of first ⁇ urface 942 i ⁇ adjacent ⁇ econd aperture 936. In this way, region 946 can measured through ⁇ econd aperture 936 during operation.
- Region 935 of photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive layer 930 preferably changes color in a known way when exposed to a predetermined do ⁇ e of light, such as a predetermined number of fla ⁇ he ⁇ of light emitted by a color mea ⁇ uring instrument. It will be appreciated that first surface 942 of standard 940 can be attached to second ⁇ urface 934 of layer 930 with adhesive. Second surface 924 of sanitary layer 920 can be removably attached to first ⁇ urface 942 of layer 930 with adhesive.
- the ⁇ ize ⁇ of variou ⁇ component ⁇ u ⁇ ed in accordance with thi ⁇ invention are now de ⁇ cribed.
- the area within aperture 926 i ⁇ preferably larger than the area within window 963 ⁇ o that inner rim 927 of layer 920 doe ⁇ not interfere with color mea ⁇ urement ⁇ .
- the area within aperture 936 is preferably smaller than the area within window 963 to en ⁇ ure that at lea ⁇ t a portion of photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive region 935 i ⁇ expo ⁇ ed during color measurements .
- the ⁇ urface area of color standard 940 is preferably at least as large as the area within aperture 936.
- the surface area of region 946 i ⁇ preferably larger than the ⁇ urface area of region 935.
- Optional cap 950 ha ⁇ inner ⁇ urface 952, which faces downward in FIG. 9, and is adapted to sub ⁇ tantially fit over at lea ⁇ t second aperture 936, which further provides an opaque back surface for the color standard.
- the method After mounting the apparatus on the in ⁇ trument ⁇ o that the fir ⁇ t surface of the sanitary layer face ⁇ a head of the in ⁇ trument; the method include ⁇ calibrating the in ⁇ trument with the apparatu ⁇ ; expo ⁇ ing at lea ⁇ t the ⁇ econd region with light; and verifying that the color ⁇ tandard u ⁇ ed in calibration is an authorized color standard of the predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color mea ⁇ urement in ⁇ trument ha ⁇ achieved predetermined specified results .
- the method al ⁇ o include ⁇ removing the relea ⁇ e liner from the first surface of the sanitary layer before mounting the apparatus .
- apparatus 900 When apparatus 900 is mounted to instrument head 960, it i ⁇ preferably temporarily attached, such as via an adhesive or by some other fastening mean ⁇ , ⁇ uch as a clip. Regardless of the particular fastening means used to attach apparatus 900 to head 960, the individual layers should be easily removable as described herein.
- unexpo ⁇ ed color mea ⁇ urement value (s) of a first known portion, including the photosen ⁇ itive region is determined.
- the known dose of electromagnetic energy can be provided by one or more flashe ⁇ emitted by the color mea ⁇ uring instrument .
- Color measurements can be made at any time during the calibration and verification procedure, including after any number of flashe ⁇ , a ⁇ a further check that the color ⁇ tandard being u ⁇ ed i ⁇ unexpo ⁇ ed.
- exposed color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) of a ⁇ econd known portion is determined.
- the second known portion can be identical to the first known portion.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show calibration and verification apparatus 1000.
- FIG. 12 is an assembled perspective view of apparatu ⁇ 1000.
- Apparatu ⁇ 1000 include ⁇ release liner 1010, sanitary layer 1020, color standard 1030, and photo ⁇ ensitive layer 1040.
- a cap (not shown in FIGS. 11 and 12) can al ⁇ o be u ⁇ ed according to thi ⁇ embodiment of the invention, but is optional.
- release liner 1010 and ⁇ anitary layer 1020 are preferred component ⁇ of apparatu ⁇ 1000, they are al ⁇ o optional according to thi ⁇ invention.
- Release liner 1010 has first ⁇ urface 1012, which face ⁇ downward in FIG. 11, and ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 1014, which face ⁇ upward in FIG. 11.
- fir ⁇ t surface 1012 of release liner 1010 attaches to distal surface 1062 of color mea ⁇ uring in ⁇ trument head 1060, which include ⁇ round window 1063 through which color mea ⁇ urement ⁇ are made.
- 1010 is preferably sub ⁇ tantially optically opaque, to prevent photosen ⁇ itive surface of layer 1040 from being exposed to electromagnetic radiation before calibrating a color measuring instrument with apparatus 1000.
- Sanitary layer 1020 has first surface 1022, which face ⁇ downward in FIG. 11, and ⁇ econd surface 1024, which faces upward in FIG. 10.
- Sanitary layer 1020 has optically tran ⁇ parent aperture 1026, ⁇ uch a ⁇ a hole or transparent film, for exposing color standard 1030 and photo ⁇ ensitive layer 1040 when u ⁇ ed as described below.
- Second surface 1014 of release liner 910 can be attached to fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1022 of ⁇ anitary layer 1020 with an adhe ⁇ ive, or any other conventional mean ⁇ . It will be appreciated that while relea ⁇ e liner 1010 and ⁇ anitary layer 1020 are attached, they can be separated if and when desired. For example, when liner 1010 and layer 1020 are attached to each other by an adhesive, they can be separated without destroying ⁇ anitary layer 1020 by ⁇ imply pulling tab 1018 of relea ⁇ e liner 1010.
- Color ⁇ tandard 1030 has first ⁇ urface 1032, which face ⁇ downward in FIG. 11, and ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 1034, which face ⁇ upward in FIG. 11.
- Standard 1030 i ⁇ mounted ⁇ o that its fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1032 face ⁇ second surface 1024 of ⁇ anitary layer 1020.
- standard 1030 is mounted so that region 1036 of first ⁇ urface 1032 is adjacent aperture 1026. In this way, region 1036 can be expo ⁇ ed to light though aperture 1026 during operation.
- first surface 1032 of color standard 1030 ⁇ hould at least have a first color dispo ⁇ ed thereon which is characterized by a fir ⁇ t predetermined coloration having premea ⁇ ured color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) .
- Photosensitive layer 1040 has first surface 1042, which faces downward in FIG. 11, and second surface 1044, which face ⁇ upward in FIG. 11.
- the part of photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive region 1046 that i ⁇ exposed is annular.
- photo ⁇ ensitive portion 1046 of layer 1040 changes color in a known way when exposed to a predetermined dose of visible light.
- Layer 1040 can have tab portion 1048 for a user to grasp when removal is desired.
- Second surface 1024 of sanitary layer 1020. can be removably attached to at lea ⁇ t one of fir ⁇ t surfaces 1032 and 1042.
- the technician calibrating the in ⁇ trument can ⁇ terilize the skin, and/or the color measuring in ⁇ trument head, with a ⁇ terilizing agent (e.g., alcohol).
- a ⁇ terilizing agent e.g., alcohol
- the sizes of various component ⁇ u ⁇ ed in accordance with thi ⁇ invention are now de ⁇ cribed.
- the area within aperture 1026 may be larger than the area within window 1063 ⁇ o that inner rim 1029 of layer 1020 doe ⁇ not interfere with color measurements.
- the ⁇ urface area of region 1036 may be ⁇ maller than the area within aperture 1026.
- the ⁇ urface area of region 1036 may be larger than the ⁇ urface area of region 1046.
- FIGS. 13-15 show calibration and verification apparatus 1100.
- apparatus 1100 can include photosen ⁇ itive layer 1110, color standard 1120, and release liner 1130.
- Photosensitive layer 1110 has fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1112, second surface 1114, and an optically transparent aperture 1116.
- First surface 1112 has at least a first region that is photosen ⁇ itive.
- Second ⁇ urface 1114 is preferably attached to annular portion 1128 of fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1122 with any conventional adhe ⁇ ive.
- Region 1117 of fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1112 preferably change ⁇ color in a known way when expo ⁇ ed to a predetermined do ⁇ e of light.
- region 1117 preferably change ⁇ color in a known amount ( ⁇ uch a ⁇ by darkening or lightening it) when region 1117 i ⁇ expo ⁇ ed to a predetermined dose of visible light.
- region 1117 can be annular.
- Color ⁇ tandard 1120 ha ⁇ first surface 1122 and ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 1124.
- Fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1122 is mounted so that it face ⁇ ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 1114 of layer 1110 and ⁇ o that fir ⁇ t portion 1126 of ⁇ tandard 1120 i ⁇ adjacent optically tran ⁇ parent aperture 1116.
- Fir ⁇ t surface 1112 can have one or more different colors characterized by predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s) .
- a ⁇ anitary layer (not ⁇ hown) can al ⁇ o be included to prevent tran ⁇ mission of germ ⁇ and ⁇ uch between patient ⁇ a ⁇ explained above and ⁇ hown in FIGS. 9-12, for example.
- Second ⁇ urface 1134 of release liner 1130 is preferably releasably mounted ⁇ o that it faces first surface 1112 in ⁇ uch a way that it prevent ⁇ light from becoming incident on annular region 1117 of photosensitive layer 1110 when liner 1130 is attached.
- the ⁇ urface area of region 1117 is preferably smaller than region 1126 and region 1126 i ⁇ preferably centrally located. Therefore, relea ⁇ e liner 1130 i ⁇ preferably substantially opaque to visible light and forms a light tight ⁇ eal with photosensitive 1120, such a ⁇ with a releasable adhesive.
- relea ⁇ e liner 1130 can also include tab 1136 so that a user can easily remove liner 1130 from photosen ⁇ itive layer 1110 and color standard 1120 before calibration or verification.
- Apparatus 1100 can further include a cap (not ⁇ hown) .
- FIGS. 16-18 ⁇ how calibration and verification apparatu ⁇ 1200.
- a ⁇ ⁇ hown best in FIGS. 16 and 17, apparatu ⁇ 1200 can include color standard 1210 and release liner 1230.
- Apparatu ⁇ 1200 is essentially the same as apparatus 1100, except that apparatus 1100 includes a color standard with an integrated photosen ⁇ itive portion.
- Fir ⁇ t region 1212 has at least a first color characterized by a fir ⁇ t predetermined coloration having premea ⁇ ured color mea ⁇ urement value ( ⁇ ) .
- Fir ⁇ t region 1212 of surface 1211 can have two or more different colors, including a ⁇ econd color characterized by a second predetermined coloration having premeasured color measurement value (s).
- Second region 1214 is photosen ⁇ itive. To en ⁇ ure accurate calibration and verification, the ⁇ urface area of region 1214 i ⁇ preferably ⁇ maller than region 1212 and region 1212 is preferably centrally located.
- a sanitary layer (not shown) can also be included to prevent tran ⁇ mi ⁇ ion of germ ⁇ and ⁇ uch between patient ⁇ a ⁇ explained above and ⁇ hown in FIGS. 9-12, for example.
- Release liner 1230 is preferably releasably mounted so that it faces ⁇ urface 1211 of color ⁇ tandard 1210 in such a way that it prevents light from becoming incident on ⁇ econd portion 1214 when liner 1230 is mounted or attached to color standard 1210. Therefore, release liner 1230 is preferably substantially opaque to visible light and form ⁇ a light tight ⁇ eal with color ⁇ tandard 1210 on fir ⁇ t portion 1214.
- release liner 1230 can also include tab 1236 ⁇ o that a u ⁇ er can easily remove liner 1230 from color standard 1210 before calibration or verification.
- Apparatu ⁇ 1200 can include a cap (not ⁇ hown) for handling color ⁇ tandard 1210 during calibration and verification.
- FIGS. 19-21 show calibration and verification apparatus 1300.
- apparatu ⁇ 1300 can include photosensitive layer 1310, color standard 1320, and release liner 1330.
- Photosen ⁇ itive layer 1310 ha ⁇ fir ⁇ t surface 1312, second surface 1314.
- Fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1312 ha ⁇ at lea ⁇ t fir ⁇ t region 1315 that i ⁇ photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive.
- Color ⁇ tandard 1320 ha ⁇ fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1322 and ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 1324.
- Second ⁇ urface 1324 i ⁇ attached to first portion 1316 of layer 1310.
- fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1322 is mounted ⁇ o that it face ⁇ the ⁇ ame direction a ⁇ fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1312.
- Thi ⁇ arrangement allow ⁇ a ⁇ imultaneou ⁇ color mea ⁇ urement, if de ⁇ ired.
- Fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1322 can have one or more color ⁇ characterized by predetermined coloration ⁇ having premea ⁇ ured color measurement value (s) .
- annular region 1315 i ⁇ preferably ⁇ maller, and mo ⁇ t preferably ⁇ ubstantially ⁇ maller, than region 1322 and region 1322 i ⁇ preferably centrally located.
- photo ⁇ en ⁇ itive region can be any ⁇ hape and therefore need not be annular.
- a sanitary layer (not shown) can also be relea ⁇ ably attached to a portion of fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1312 of color standard 1310 to prevent transmission of germs and such between patients as described above and shown in FIGS. 9-12, for example.
- ⁇ econd ⁇ urface 1334 of relea ⁇ e liner 1330 i ⁇ preferably relea ⁇ ably mounted ⁇ o that it face ⁇ fir ⁇ t ⁇ urface 1312 of layer 1310 in such a way that it blocks light from becoming incident on region 1315 of photosen ⁇ itive layer 1310 when liner 1330 i ⁇ attached.
- Apparatu ⁇ 1300 can al ⁇ o include a cap (not ⁇ hown) .
- the use of a cap can help a user align apparatu ⁇ 1300 on the head of the color mea ⁇ uring in ⁇ trument, and provide a ⁇ ub ⁇ tantially opaque back ⁇ urface for the apparatu ⁇ .
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002315183A CA2315183A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
JP2000525736A JP2001527209A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Method and apparatus for color testing and matching |
EP98966020A EP1040329A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
AU22011/99A AU2201199A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
KR1020007006601A KR20010033209A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
BR9813735-2A BR9813735A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
MXPA00005698A MXPA00005698A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US99523697A | 1997-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | |
US99528697A | 1997-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | |
US08/995,286 | 1997-12-19 | ||
US08/995,236 | 1997-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999032861A1 true WO1999032861A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
Family
ID=27130670
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/027070 WO1999032861A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
PCT/US1998/027062 WO1999032860A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/027062 WO1999032860A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-18 | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1040329A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001527209A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010033209A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1282419A (en) |
AU (2) | AU1932099A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9813735A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2315183A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA00005698A (en) |
WO (2) | WO1999032861A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001055956A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Aevora Beauty Concepts, Inc. | Cosmetic color determinate system |
US7875442B2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2011-01-25 | Eppendorf Array Technologies | Identification and quantification of a plurality of biological (micro)organisms or their components |
US20060001677A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2006-01-05 | Marc Webb | Color selection and coordination system |
CN109191520B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-08-04 | 湖北工程学院 | Plant leaf area measuring method and system based on color calibration |
RU207191U1 (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Омский государственный технический университет" (ОмГТУ) | COLOR MEASURING DEVICE |
KR102385246B1 (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-04-12 | 함충민 | Method and appartus for measuring color of fabric |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4795254A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-03 | Kollmorgen Corporation | Durable working matte/glossy color standard and method of making same |
US5642189A (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1997-06-24 | Measurex Corporation | Color sensor simulating standard source illuminant |
-
1998
- 1998-12-18 WO PCT/US1998/027070 patent/WO1999032861A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-18 BR BR9813735-2A patent/BR9813735A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-18 EP EP98966020A patent/EP1040329A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-18 WO PCT/US1998/027062 patent/WO1999032860A1/en active Application Filing
- 1998-12-18 JP JP2000525736A patent/JP2001527209A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-18 MX MXPA00005698A patent/MXPA00005698A/en unknown
- 1998-12-18 CN CN98812421A patent/CN1282419A/en active Pending
- 1998-12-18 AU AU19320/99A patent/AU1932099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-18 CA CA002315183A patent/CA2315183A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-18 KR KR1020007006601A patent/KR20010033209A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-18 AU AU22011/99A patent/AU2201199A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4795254A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-03 | Kollmorgen Corporation | Durable working matte/glossy color standard and method of making same |
US5642189A (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1997-06-24 | Measurex Corporation | Color sensor simulating standard source illuminant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2201199A (en) | 1999-07-12 |
WO1999032860A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
CA2315183A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
JP2001527209A (en) | 2001-12-25 |
BR9813735A (en) | 2000-10-10 |
CN1282419A (en) | 2001-01-31 |
WO1999032860A9 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
AU1932099A (en) | 1999-07-12 |
KR20010033209A (en) | 2001-04-25 |
MXPA00005698A (en) | 2004-12-03 |
EP1040329A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6271920B1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification | |
US7069186B2 (en) | Method for remotely controlling a spectral measurement device utilizing predicted service life or a remotely provided software upgrade including color reference or shade guide data | |
US6239868B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring optical characteristics of an object | |
US6519037B2 (en) | Spectrometer having optical unit including a randomized fiber optic implement | |
US7119892B2 (en) | Methods for determining optical characteristics using light receivers of first and second numerical apertures and first and second critical heights | |
US6246479B1 (en) | Integrated spectrometer assembly and methods | |
US6362888B1 (en) | Spectrometer assembly | |
US7548317B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for angular colorimetry | |
US5760399A (en) | Measurement of transmission spectra of pharmaceutical tablets | |
Clarke et al. | Correction methods for integrating‐sphere measurement of hemispherical reflectance | |
US20030011768A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring optical characteristics of an object | |
US20020180968A1 (en) | Spectrometric apparatus and method for measuring optical characteristics of an object | |
US6538726B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring optical characteristics of an object | |
JP2003505687A (en) | Colorimeter | |
WO1999032861A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for color calibration and verification | |
CA1075498A (en) | Ultraviolet radiation dosimeter | |
JPH07143967A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring light transmissivity of skin | |
Zwinkels | Colour-measuring instruments and their calibration | |
Takamoto et al. | Measurement of iris color using computerized image analysis | |
JPH1151859A (en) | Method and equipment for measuring transmittance of uv-ray and method for evaluating uv-ray shielding performance based on transmittance of uv-ray | |
Campos et al. | NPL-CSIC comparison of regular reflectance measurements | |
CN117740736A (en) | Low-reflection light absorption layer surface diffuse reflection measurement method | |
Goodman | Calibration of light sources and detectors | |
White et al. | Effect of instrument design on diffuse reflectance measurements | |
Stamp et al. | The Hoya ULT‐2000 and ULT‐3000 universal light‐transmission meters: a comparison using spectrophotometric data and Australian Sunglass Standard 1067–1990. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 98812421.1 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN YU ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 22011/99 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/2000/005698 Country of ref document: MX |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2315183 Country of ref document: CA Ref document number: 2315183 Country of ref document: CA Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020007006601 Country of ref document: KR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2000 525736 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1998966020 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1998966020 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020007006601 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1020007006601 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1998966020 Country of ref document: EP |