WO1999029560A1 - Passenger vehicle with means to reduce rear air resistance and splashing - Google Patents

Passenger vehicle with means to reduce rear air resistance and splashing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999029560A1
WO1999029560A1 PCT/DE1998/003568 DE9803568W WO9929560A1 WO 1999029560 A1 WO1999029560 A1 WO 1999029560A1 DE 9803568 W DE9803568 W DE 9803568W WO 9929560 A1 WO9929560 A1 WO 9929560A1
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Prior art keywords
flow
underbody
vehicle
vehicle according
rear wheels
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PCT/DE1998/003568
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anton Lechner
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Anton Lechner
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Publication of WO1999029560A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999029560A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B62D35/007—Rear spoilers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B62D35/02—Streamlining the undersurfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/82—Elements for improving aerodynamics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Definitions

  • Passenger car with means for reducing the rear drag and spray water.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with means arranged behind the rear wheels for reducing the air resistance and spray water induced at the rear.
  • the reason for the induced pressure resistance that dominates the rear-side air resistance of a vehicle lies essentially in the separation of the flow at the roof edge and at the vehicle floor edge and the resulting typical flow vortex structure in the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle with two oppositely rotating vortices (see Fig. 1).
  • these vortices transport dirt and spray water from the street up into the dead water area behind the rear, causing the rear dirt and the unpleasant spray water plumes behind cars.
  • the larger lower main vortex (1) in particular is very energy-intensive and induces a strong negative pressure field on the rear surface.
  • Tail shapes are known with clear rear indentations of the side and roof walls or also various mechanical flaps or molded parts which taper the rear shape further backwards over the actual contour ("boat-tailing") and thereby reduce the vortex structure and reduce the air resistance however, they are only used to a limited extent because they reduce the useful space. Additional flaps and molded parts are complex and prone to failure. Spoilers are also attached to the roof edge or trunk edge, which ensure a defined stall and can also reduce the air resistance. Also known are devices, for example DE 3837 729, which have a favorable influence on the air resistance by blowing out or suctioning in the boundary layer of the rear flow. However, the additional mechanical and energy expenditure is also disadvantageous here.
  • DE-OS 2433 292 shows a vehicle with a rear spoiler behind the rear wheels, which the
  • the invention has for its object to provide means with which the induced air resistance can be reduced and the pollution of the rear of the vehicle and the water spray can be counteracted by influencing the rear swirl structure.
  • the solution to this problem according to the invention is based on the reduction and rearward displacement of the lower main vortex of the typical wake vortex structure by means of an underbody flow channel shaped according to the invention.
  • the combination of an underbody inclined upwards behind the rear wheels in a certain angular range (diffuser effect) and the further division of the flow into a lower, further upward flow and an upper flow with a smaller cross-sectional area proved to be very effective in experiments a flow channel in such a way that this upper flow is directed downward at the outlet in a certain angular range opposite to the lower underbody flow. It is important for the aerodynamic effect to conduct the underbody flow, particularly in the area of high flow speed (vehicle center), with the means according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the swirl structure at the rear in the middle section of a conventional vehicle
  • FIG. 2 shows that of a vehicle with means according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is the rear view of a vehicle with means according to the invention.
  • 4 and 5 are sections through the lower rear of the vehicle in the longitudinal plane and show exemplary embodiments of the means according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 it can be seen that the vortex structure behind the rear of the vehicle has a large, high-energy, left-turning lower main vortex (1), which results from the detachment of the underbody flow, and a smaller upper vortex, connected to the main vortex, ( 2) has.
  • the lower large vortex (1) is primarily responsible for the induced vacuum field at the rear.
  • the reason for the formation of this lower vortex is the speed difference between the roof (3) and underbody flow (6).
  • the underbody flow is faster than the roof flow and rolls up in a vortex.
  • Fig. 2 shows that by the means according to the invention the lower main vortex (1) is changed, i.e. is reduced as well as shifted backwards that the induced rear drag decreases.
  • the underbody (5) is pulled behind the rear wheel as smoothly and evenly as possible at the largest possible angle (16) so that the underbody flow can follow this flow channel (6) formed between the roadway and the underbody without detachment.
  • Lateral skirts (7) can advantageously keep the flow in this channel and prevent lateral eddies. Based on the law of continuity, it follows that in this flow channel the average flow speed and thus the difference in speed to the roof flow is reduced, ie the main vortex (1) becomes less energy and smaller.
  • the pressure on the sloping underbody wall (5) increases and the loss of momentum the underbody flow decreases.
  • the rear surface H 2 acted upon by the negative pressure is smaller than that (H 1) of a vehicle without means according to the invention, which likewise reduces the air resistance of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 5 shows a very simple construction of the means according to the invention.
  • the partition (8) was dispensed with.
  • the upper part of the underbody flow is only at the Underbody wall (5) deflected downwards at the end.
  • this form is structurally very simple, it is not quite as effective as the construction in FIG. 4.
  • the upper flow channel (9) has a bilateral air outlet (18), e.g. by pulling the upper flow channel (9) laterally around the stern, or by integrating an outlet opening in the side skirt (7), from which part of the underbody flow, e.g. is blown out obliquely outwards and downwards by means of known deflecting vanes and as a result the turbulent flow region is detected directly behind the rear wheels. This makes it possible to guide the spray water downwards and outwards away from the main vortex (1).
  • the rear bumper (12) and rear apron (17) can consist of two interconnected parts (Fig. 4) or even one part (12, Fig. 5). As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the channels (9) or wall surfaces (5) which serve to guide the flow of the upper underbody flow can be inexpensively molded into the rear apron or bumper.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that less dirt and spray water can get onto the rear surface due to the reduction as well as the displacement downstream of the rear vortex (1).

Abstract

The underbody flow (6) behind the rear wheels in a passenger vehicle is separated into two flow channels (9) and (10). The lower flow (10) is guided upwards whilst the upper flow (9) is initially guided upwards and finally downwards. This reduces lower swirl (1) at the rear and displaces it towards the back of the vehicle thereby sinking rear air resistance. Soiling and wake drag in the rear of the vehicle can also be reduced.

Description

Personenkraftfahrzeug mit Mitteln zur Verringerung des heckseitig induzierten Luftwiderstandes und Sprühwassers.Passenger car with means for reducing the rear drag and spray water.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Personenkraftfahrzeug, mit hinter den Hinterrädern angeordneten Mitteln zur Verringerung des heckseitig induzierten Luftwiderstandes und Sprühwassers.The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with means arranged behind the rear wheels for reducing the air resistance and spray water induced at the rear.
Der Grund für den den heckseitigen Luftwiderstand eines Fahrzeuges beherrschenden induzierten Druckwiderstand liegt im wesentlichen in der Ablösung der Strömung an der Dachkante und an der Fahrzeugbodenkante und der daraus entstehenden typischen Strömungswirbelstruktur in der Fahrzeug- Längsmittelebene mit zwei entgegengesetzt drehenden Wirbeln (siehe Fig. 1). Außerdem werden durch diese Wirbel Schmutz und Sprühwasser von der Straße nach oben in das Totwassergebiet hinter dem Heck transportiert und verursachen die Heckverschmutzung und die unangenehmen Sprühwasserfahnen hinter Pkw's.The reason for the induced pressure resistance that dominates the rear-side air resistance of a vehicle lies essentially in the separation of the flow at the roof edge and at the vehicle floor edge and the resulting typical flow vortex structure in the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle with two oppositely rotating vortices (see Fig. 1). In addition, these vortices transport dirt and spray water from the street up into the dead water area behind the rear, causing the rear dirt and the unpleasant spray water plumes behind cars.
Insbesondere der größere untere Hauptwirbel (1 ) ist sehr energiereich und induziert ein starkes Unterdruckfeld an der Heckfläche.The larger lower main vortex (1) in particular is very energy-intensive and induces a strong negative pressure field on the rear surface.
Bekannt sind Heckformen mit deutlichen Heckeinzügen der Seiten- und Dachwand oder auch verschiedene mechanische Klappen oder Formteile, die die Heckform über die eigentliche Kontur weiter nach hinten verjüngen („boat- tailing") und dadurch die Wirbelstruktur verkleinern und den Luftwiderstand verringern. Heckseitige Formeinzüge können jedoch nur begrenzt angewandt werden, da sie den Nutzraum schmälern. Zusätzliche Klappen und Formteile sind aufwendig und störungsanfällig. Es werden auch Spoiler an der Dachkante oder Kofferraumkante angebracht, die für einen definierten Strömungsabriß sorgen und ebenfalls den Luftwiderstand verringern können. Ebenso bekannt sind Vorrichtungen, z.B. DE 3837 729, die durch Ausblasen oder Absaugen in der Grenzschicht der Heckströmung den Luftwiderstand günstig beeinflussen. Nachteilig ist aber auch hier der zusätzliche mechanische und energetische Aufwand.Tail shapes are known with clear rear indentations of the side and roof walls or also various mechanical flaps or molded parts which taper the rear shape further backwards over the actual contour ("boat-tailing") and thereby reduce the vortex structure and reduce the air resistance however, they are only used to a limited extent because they reduce the useful space. Additional flaps and molded parts are complex and prone to failure. Spoilers are also attached to the roof edge or trunk edge, which ensure a defined stall and can also reduce the air resistance. Also known are devices, for example DE 3837 729, which have a favorable influence on the air resistance by blowing out or suctioning in the boundary layer of the rear flow. However, the additional mechanical and energy expenditure is also disadvantageous here.
DE- OS 2433 292 zeigt ein Fahrzeug mit einem Heckspoiler hinter den Hinterrädern, der dieDE-OS 2433 292 shows a vehicle with a rear spoiler behind the rear wheels, which the
Unterbodenströmung in seiner ganzen Breite in einen sich stetig verjüngendenUnderbody flow in its entire width in a continuously tapering
Strömungskanal zwingt. Dadurch wird zwar die gestellte Aufgabe gelöst, die Verschmutzung der Heckpartie zu verringern, jedoch unter Inkaufnahme eines ungünstigererenFlow channel forces. This solves the task of reducing the pollution of the rear end, but at the expense of a less favorable one
Luftwiderstands, weil nach den Gesetzen der Strömungslehre diese so geformte Düse einen erheblichen Strömungswiderstand aufbaut. Außerdem wird der Bodenabstand amAir resistance, because according to the laws of fluid dynamics, this shaped nozzle builds up a considerable flow resistance. In addition, the ground clearance on
Heckabschluß wesentlich ungünstig verkleinert.Tail end significantly reduced.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Mitteln anzugeben, mit denen durch Beeinflussung der heckseitigen Wirbelstruktur der induzierte Luftwiderstand verringert und der Verschmutzung des Fahrzeughecks und die Sprühwasserfahne entgegengewirkt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide means with which the induced air resistance can be reduced and the pollution of the rear of the vehicle and the water spray can be counteracted by influencing the rear swirl structure.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe beruht auf der Verkleinerung und rückwärtigen Verlagerung des unteren Hauptwirbels der typischen Nachlaufwirbelstruktur mittels eines erfindungsgemäß geformten Unterbodenströmungskanals. Als in Versuchen sehr wirksam hat sich die Kombination aus einem nach den Hinterrädern in einem bestimmten Winkelbereich nach oben geneigten Unterboden (Diffusor- Effekt) und der weiteren Aufteilung der Strömung in eine untere, weiter nach oben gerichtete Strömung und eine im Strömungsquerschnitt kleinere obere Strömung in einem Strömungskanal derart, daß diese obere Strömung am Austritt in einem bestimmten Winkelbereich entgegengesetzt der unteren Unterbodenströmung nach unten gelenkt wird. Dabei ist es für den aerodynamischen Effekt wichtig, die Unterbodenströmung insbesondere im Bereich hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (Fahrzeugmitte) mit den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln zu führen. Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren 1 bis 5 beschrieben, wovon Fig. 1 die Wirbelstruktur am Heck im Mittelschnitt eines herkömmlichen Fahrzeuges, Fig. 2 diejenige eines Fahrzeuges mit erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln zeigt. Fig. 3 ist die Heckansicht eines Fahrzeuges mit erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln. Fig. 4 und 5 sind Schnitte durch das untere Fahrzeugheck in Längsebene und zeigen Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel.The solution to this problem according to the invention is based on the reduction and rearward displacement of the lower main vortex of the typical wake vortex structure by means of an underbody flow channel shaped according to the invention. The combination of an underbody inclined upwards behind the rear wheels in a certain angular range (diffuser effect) and the further division of the flow into a lower, further upward flow and an upper flow with a smaller cross-sectional area proved to be very effective in experiments a flow channel in such a way that this upper flow is directed downward at the outlet in a certain angular range opposite to the lower underbody flow. It is important for the aerodynamic effect to conduct the underbody flow, particularly in the area of high flow speed (vehicle center), with the means according to the invention. The invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, of which FIG. 1 shows the swirl structure at the rear in the middle section of a conventional vehicle, FIG. 2 shows that of a vehicle with means according to the invention. Fig. 3 is the rear view of a vehicle with means according to the invention. 4 and 5 are sections through the lower rear of the vehicle in the longitudinal plane and show exemplary embodiments of the means according to the invention.
Betrachtet man zunächst Fig. 1 , so erkennt man, daß die Wirbelstruktur hinter dem Fahrzeugheck einen großen, energiereichen, linksdrehenden unteren Hauptwirbel (1), der von der Ablösung der Unterbodenströmung herrührt und einen, mit dem Hauptwirbel verbundenen, entgegengesetzt drehenden kleineren oberen Wirbel (2) aufweist. Der untere große Wirbel (1) ist in erster Linie verantwortlich für das induzierte Unterdruckfeld am Heck. Der Grund für das Entstehen dieses unteren Wirbeis ist die Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz zwischen Dach (3)- und Unterbodenströmung (6). Die Unterbodenströmung ist schneller als die Dachströmung und rollt sich in einem Wirbel auf.Looking first at Fig. 1, it can be seen that the vortex structure behind the rear of the vehicle has a large, high-energy, left-turning lower main vortex (1), which results from the detachment of the underbody flow, and a smaller upper vortex, connected to the main vortex, ( 2) has. The lower large vortex (1) is primarily responsible for the induced vacuum field at the rear. The reason for the formation of this lower vortex is the speed difference between the roof (3) and underbody flow (6). The underbody flow is faster than the roof flow and rolls up in a vortex.
Fig. 2 zeigt, daß durch die erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln der untere Hauptwirbel (1) so verändert, d.h. sowohl verkleinert als auch nach hinten verlagert wird, daß der induzierte Heckwiderstand sinkt.Fig. 2 shows that by the means according to the invention the lower main vortex (1) is changed, i.e. is reduced as well as shifted backwards that the induced rear drag decreases.
In Fig. 4 werden die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel erläutert. Der Unterboden (5 ) wird nach dem Hinterrad möglichst glatt und eben in einem möglichst großen Winkel (16) so nach oben gezogen, daß die Unterbodenströmung diesem zwischen Fahrbahn und Unterboden gebildeten Strömungskanal (6) noch ablösefrei folgen kann. Seitliche Schürzen (7 ) können vorteilhaft die Strömung in diesem Kanal halten und seitliche Randwirbel verhindern. Aufgrund des Kontinuitätsgesetzes folgt, daß in diesem so gebildeten Strömungskanal die mittlere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und damit die Differenzgeschwindigkeit zur Dachströmung verringert wird, d.h. der Hauptwirbel (1 ) energieärmer und kleiner wird. Gleichzeitig steigt der Druck an der schrägen Unterbodenwand (5) an und der Impulsverlust der Unterbodenströmung sinkt. Außerdem ist die mit dem Unterdruck beaufschlagte Heckfläche H 2 kleiner als diejenige (H1) eines Fahrzeuges ohne erfindungsgemäße Mittel, was den Luftwiderstand des Fahrzeuges ebenfalls verringert.4 the means according to the invention are explained. The underbody (5) is pulled behind the rear wheel as smoothly and evenly as possible at the largest possible angle (16) so that the underbody flow can follow this flow channel (6) formed between the roadway and the underbody without detachment. Lateral skirts (7) can advantageously keep the flow in this channel and prevent lateral eddies. Based on the law of continuity, it follows that in this flow channel the average flow speed and thus the difference in speed to the roof flow is reduced, ie the main vortex (1) becomes less energy and smaller. At the same time, the pressure on the sloping underbody wall (5) increases and the loss of momentum the underbody flow decreases. In addition, the rear surface H 2 acted upon by the negative pressure is smaller than that (H 1) of a vehicle without means according to the invention, which likewise reduces the air resistance of the vehicle.
Nachteilig einer nur nach oben gezogenen Unterbodenfläche ist jedoch, daß eine mehr nach oben gelenkte Unterbodenströmung die Aufrolltendenz des unteren Wirbels verstärkt, was den Luftwiderstand wiederum erhöht. Außerdem wird unerwünscht Schmutz und Sprühwasser nach oben auf die Heckfläche (15) und in das Wirbeigebiet hinter dem Heck geleitet. Dieses Wirbelgebiet hinter einem Fahrzeug, der sog. Strömungsnachlauf, erzeugt auf nassen Straßen einen für nachfolgende Fahrzeuge äußerst unangenehmen Wassergischtschleier.The disadvantage of an underbody surface that is only pulled upward is that a more upward underbody flow increases the tendency of the lower vertebra to roll up, which in turn increases the air resistance. In addition, dirt and spray water are undesirably directed upwards onto the rear surface (15) and into the working area behind the rear. This vortex area behind a vehicle, the so-called flow wake, creates a water spray curtain that is extremely unpleasant for vehicles behind on wet roads.
Diese Nachteile können wirkungsvoll dadurch vermieden werden, daß die Unterbodenströmung (6) durch eine feste Scheidewand (8 ) in eine (kleinere) obere Strömung (9) und in eine (größere) untere Strömung (10) aufgeteilt wird. Während die Wand (11) der Scheidewand (8) an der Unterseite ebenfalls stetig, parallel zu den Stromlinien nach oben geneigt ist, so daß die untere Strömung (10) weiter in einem sich vergrößerndem Strömungsquerschnitt verläuft, bildet die obere Wand (13) der Scheidewand (8) mit dem Unterboden (5) und Heckschürze (17) einen Strömungskanal (9 ), der anfangs ebenfalls nach oben, am Ende jedoch in einem gewissen Winkel (14) nach unten, entgegengesetzt zum unteren Teil der Unterbodenströmung gerichtet ist. Damit kann erreicht, werden, daß a) die Aufrolltendenz des Hauptwirbels (1) verringert und b) der Hauptwirbel etwas nach hinten verlagert wird. Beides verändert die Wirbelstruktur hinter dem Fahrzeugheck günstig, so daß das Unterdruckfeld an der Heckfläche H2 verkleinert und der induzierte Luftwiderstand verringert wird. Als besonders wirkungsvoll haben sich Ablenkungswinkel (14) der oberen Strömung zwischen 15 und 40 grd erwiesen, während der Unterboden in einem Winkel (16) nicht größer als 15 grd nach oben gerichtet sein soll.These disadvantages can be effectively avoided by dividing the underbody flow (6) through a fixed partition (8) into a (smaller) upper flow (9) and a (larger) lower flow (10). While the wall (11) of the partition (8) on the underside is also continuously, parallel to the streamlines upward, so that the lower flow (10) continues in an increasing flow cross-section, the upper wall (13) forms the Partition (8) with the underbody (5) and rear apron (17) a flow channel (9), which is also initially directed upwards, but at the end at a certain angle (14) downwards, opposite to the lower part of the underbody flow. It can be achieved that a) the tendency of the main vertebra (1) to roll up and b) the main vertebra is shifted somewhat to the rear. Both change the swirl structure behind the rear of the vehicle favorably, so that the vacuum field on the rear surface H2 is reduced and the induced air resistance is reduced. Deflection angles (14) of the upper flow between 15 and 40 degrees have proven to be particularly effective, while the sub-floor should not be directed upwards at an angle (16) greater than 15 degrees.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine sehr einfache Bauweise der erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln. Hier wurde auf die Scheidewand (8 ) verzichtet. Der obere Teil der Unterbodenströmung wird nur noch an der Unterbodenwand (5) am Ende nach unten abgelenkt. Diese Form ist zwar baulich sehr einfach, jedoch nicht ganz so effektvoll wie die Bauweise in Fig. 4.5 shows a very simple construction of the means according to the invention. Here the partition (8) was dispensed with. The upper part of the underbody flow is only at the Underbody wall (5) deflected downwards at the end. Although this form is structurally very simple, it is not quite as effective as the construction in FIG. 4.
Moderne Pkw's haben aus Gründen des Luftwiderstands eine seitlich stark eingezogene Heckform, die die Hinterräder teilweise nicht mehr abdeckt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß von den hinteren Rädern stammendes Spritz- und Sprühwasser auch seitlich hochgewirbelt wird und in den turbulenten Strömungsnachlauf hinter dem Fahrzeug gelangt. Dem kann entgegengewirkt werden, wenn der obere Strömungskanal (9) einen beidseitigen seitlichen Luftauslaß (18), z.B. indem der obere Strömungskanal (9) seitlich um das Heck herumgezogen wird, oder indem in die seitliche Schürze (7) eine Austrittsöffnung integriert ist, besitzt, aus dem ein Teil der Unterbodenströmung, z.B. mittels bekannter Umlenkschaufein, schräg nach außen und nach unten ausgeblasen wird und dadurch der turbulente Strömungsbereich unmittelbar hinter den Hinterrädern erfaßt wird. Dadurch gelingt es, das Sprühwasser nach unten und außen weg vom Hauptwirbel (1) zu führen.For reasons of air resistance, modern cars have a heavily retracted rear shape that sometimes no longer covers the rear wheels. As a result, spray and spray water originating from the rear wheels is also whirled up to the side and gets into the turbulent wake behind the vehicle. This can be counteracted if the upper flow channel (9) has a bilateral air outlet (18), e.g. by pulling the upper flow channel (9) laterally around the stern, or by integrating an outlet opening in the side skirt (7), from which part of the underbody flow, e.g. is blown out obliquely outwards and downwards by means of known deflecting vanes and as a result the turbulent flow region is detected directly behind the rear wheels. This makes it possible to guide the spray water downwards and outwards away from the main vortex (1).
Bei modernen Pkws können hintere Stoßstange (12) und Heckschürze (17) aus zwei miteinander verbundenen Teilen (Fig. 4) oder sogar aus einem Teil (12, Fig. 5 ) bestehen. Wie Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen, können die der Strömungsführung der oberen Unterbodenströmung dienenden Kanäle (9) bzw. Wandflächen (5) in die Heckschürze bzw. Stoßstange kostengünstig eingeformt werden.In modern cars, the rear bumper (12) and rear apron (17) can consist of two interconnected parts (Fig. 4) or even one part (12, Fig. 5). As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the channels (9) or wall surfaces (5) which serve to guide the flow of the upper underbody flow can be inexpensively molded into the rear apron or bumper.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß sowohl durch die Verkleinerung als auch durch die Verlagerung stromabwärts des Heckwirbels (1) weniger Schmutz und Sprühwasser auf die Heckfläche gelangen kann.A further advantage of the invention is that less dirt and spray water can get onto the rear surface due to the reduction as well as the displacement downstream of the rear vortex (1).
Außerdem wird das gesamte Wirbelgebiet hinter einem Fahrzeug, der sog. „Strömungsnachlauf', der für nachfolgende Fahrzeuge auf regennassen Straßen äußerst unangenehm ist, verkleinert und damit die passive Sicherheit erhöht. In addition, the entire vortex area behind a vehicle, the so-called "flow wake", which is extremely unpleasant for vehicles behind on rainy roads, is reduced, thereby increasing passive safety.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Personenkraftwagen mit hinter den Hinterrädern angeordneten Mitteln zur Strömungsführung der Unterbodenströmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Mitteln dazu dienen, den sich an der Heckunterkante ausbildenden Ablösewirbel (1), weicher eine Drehachse im wesentlichen quer zur Fahrzeuglängsachse hat, energieärmer zu machen und ihn stromabwärts zu verlagern und dadurch den heckseitig induzierten Luftwiderstand zu verringern.1. Passenger car with means arranged behind the rear wheels for flow guidance of the underbody flow, characterized in that these means serve to make the swirling vortex (1) which forms at the rear lower edge softer and has an axis of rotation essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, to make it less energy and downstream to shift and thereby reduce the rear drag induced air resistance.
2. Personenkraftwagen mit hinter den Hinterrädern in der Seitenschürze (7) angeordneten Mitteln (18) zur Strömungsführung der Unterbodenströmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterbodenströmung durch diese Mittel an den Seiten nach schräg unten und außen (19) abgelenkt wird.2. Passenger car with behind the rear wheels in the side skirt (7) arranged means (18) for guiding the underbody flow, characterized in that the underbody flow is deflected by these means on the sides obliquely below and outside (19).
3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterbodenströmung nach den Hinterrädern in zwei Strömungskanäle aufgeteilt wird, wobei der untere Kanal (10) gebildet wird von a) der Fahrbahn und b) einer zum Fahrzeug gehörenden, z.B. von der Stoßstange gebildeten Trennwand (8) verläuft, die an der der Fahrbahn zugewandten Seite im wesentlichen eben und stromabwärts nach oben geneigt ist, und einem oberen Strömungskanal (9), der aus dem Fahrzeugboden, Heckschürze bzw. Stoßstange einerseits (5) und Oberseite der Trennwand (8) andererseits gebildet wird und der am Ende nach unten zur Fahrbahn gekrümmt ist.3. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the underbody flow after the rear wheels is divided into two flow channels, the lower channel (10) being formed by a) the roadway and b) one belonging to the vehicle, e.g. from the bumper formed partition (8), which is on the side facing the road essentially flat and downstream upward, and an upper flow channel (9), which consists of the vehicle floor, rear apron or bumper on the one hand (5) and top the partition (8) is formed on the other hand and which is curved at the end down to the road.
4. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterbodenströmung nach den Hinterrädern in einem einzigen Strömungskanal geführt wird, der einerseits von der Fahrbahn (untere Wand) und andererseits vom Fahrzeug- Unterboden und der Heckschürze bzw. Stoßstange (obere Wand) (5) gebildet wird und daß die obere Wand sich heckseitig in einem Winkel (16) kleiner als 15 grd stromabwärts nach oben erstreckt und am Ende eine Krümmung nach unten zur Fahrbahn hin aufweist.4. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the underbody flow is guided to the rear wheels in a single flow channel, on the one hand from the roadway (lower wall) and on the other hand from the vehicle underbody and the rear apron or bumper (upper wall) (5th ) is formed and that the upper wall at the rear extends at an angle (16) smaller than 15 degrees downstream and has a curvature downwards towards the road.
5. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Strömungskanal (9) am Ende in einem Winkel (14) zwischen 15 und 40 grd nach unten gerichtet ist. 5. Vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper flow channel (9) at the end at an angle (14) between 15 and 40 degrees is directed downwards.
6. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Krümmungswinkel (14) der oberen Wand (5) am Ende zur Horizontalen zwischen 15 und 40 grd nach unten geneigt ist.6. Vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the angle of curvature (14) of the upper wall (5) is inclined at the end to the horizontal between 15 and 40 degrees downwards.
7. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterbodenströmung an der Oberseite innerhalb zweier seitlicher Wände (7) geführt wird.7. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underbody flow is guided on the upper side within two side walls (7).
8. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Strömungskanal (9) seitlich bis in die Seitenschürzen (7) herumgezogen wird und dort mittels Umlenkschaufeln ein Teil der Unterbodenströmung nach unten und seitlich ausgeblasen wird.8. Vehicle according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the upper flow channel (9) is pulled sideways into the side skirts (7) and there part of the underbody flow is blown down and laterally by means of deflection blades.
9. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich in den Seitenschürzen (7) Öffnungen (18) befinden, aus denen ein Teil der Unterbodenströmung nach unten und seitlich ausgeblasen wird. 9. Vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that there are openings (18) in the side skirts (7) from which a part of the underbody flow is blown down and to the side.
PCT/DE1998/003568 1997-12-05 1998-12-04 Passenger vehicle with means to reduce rear air resistance and splashing WO1999029560A1 (en)

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FR2885343A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-10 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Aerodynamic lift and drag reducing system for motor vehicle e.g. minivan, has scoop arranged below understructure of vehicle and having outlet connected to holes arranged in downstream or upstream or at vortex zone at rear of vehicle
GB2403462B (en) * 2003-06-24 2007-07-04 John Edward Randell A land vehicle
DE102010008348A1 (en) * 2010-02-17 2011-10-06 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) Saloon of a passenger car
JP2013121743A (en) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-20 Toyota Motor Corp Fluid control apparatus
WO2023144144A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-03 Gordon Murray Automotive Limited Vehicle aerodynamics

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DE19961316B4 (en) * 1999-12-18 2006-02-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Motor vehicle with a rear-side air deflection
CN104129443B (en) * 2014-07-29 2021-06-22 朱晓义 Energy-saving automobile
CN104149863A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-11-19 朱晓义 Energy-saving automobile
DE102020103196A1 (en) 2020-02-07 2021-08-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Motor vehicle with an underbody paneling provided in the rear area
JP2023545888A (en) * 2020-06-22 2023-11-01 ライトイヤー・イーペーセーオー・ベー・フェー Vehicles with bottom structure to reduce aerodynamic drag
DE102021102413A1 (en) 2021-02-03 2022-08-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft motor vehicle

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GB2403462B (en) * 2003-06-24 2007-07-04 John Edward Randell A land vehicle
FR2885343A1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2006-11-10 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Aerodynamic lift and drag reducing system for motor vehicle e.g. minivan, has scoop arranged below understructure of vehicle and having outlet connected to holes arranged in downstream or upstream or at vortex zone at rear of vehicle
DE102010008348A1 (en) * 2010-02-17 2011-10-06 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) Saloon of a passenger car
US8360508B2 (en) 2010-02-17 2013-01-29 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Fastback for a passenger car
JP2013121743A (en) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-20 Toyota Motor Corp Fluid control apparatus
WO2023144144A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-03 Gordon Murray Automotive Limited Vehicle aerodynamics

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