WO1999026317A1 - An antenna system with a feeder cable - Google Patents

An antenna system with a feeder cable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999026317A1
WO1999026317A1 PCT/SE1998/001929 SE9801929W WO9926317A1 WO 1999026317 A1 WO1999026317 A1 WO 1999026317A1 SE 9801929 W SE9801929 W SE 9801929W WO 9926317 A1 WO9926317 A1 WO 9926317A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
antenna system
equipment
feeder cable
antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/001929
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens Malmgren
Original Assignee
Radio Design Innovation Tj Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE9704181A external-priority patent/SE9704181D0/en
Application filed by Radio Design Innovation Tj Ab filed Critical Radio Design Innovation Tj Ab
Priority to AU97709/98A priority Critical patent/AU9770998A/en
Publication of WO1999026317A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999026317A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/005—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using remotely controlled antenna positioning or scanning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system comprising an indoor equipment, a mast top equipment and at least one feeder cable between the indoor equipment and the mast top equipment.
  • Figure 1 discloses for example the structure of a tri sector site. This requires only a few feeder cables from the groundbased equipment (ANI: Antenna equipment indoor; indoor equipment) up to the antenna box (ANB; mast top equipment).
  • ANI Antenna equipment indoor; indoor equipment
  • ANB antenna box
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve the above mentioned phased array-antenna system while reducing the number of feeder cables to a minimum.
  • the antenna system of the invention allows already installed feeder cables to be re-used. It also reduces the number of cables between base station and mast head equipment. The space occupied by cables, and the weight of the cables is reduced significantly. The cost of the cables is of course also reduced significantly.
  • Mast head equipment must always incorporate lightning protection. By using a single cable instead of multiple cables, this protection is simplified. Other features of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
  • Figure 1 discloses the cable structure of a tri-sector antenna system in accordance with prior art
  • Figure 2 discloses the cable structure of the antenna system according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the mast top equipment ANB and the indoor equipment ANI according to Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a realisation of the splitter/combiner using a multiplexer
  • Figure 5 discloses the frequency distribution on the feeder cable of different signals used in the invention
  • Figure 6 is a table of the frequencies used in Figure 5.
  • FIG 2 discloses the structure of the phased array antenna system in which the feeder cables of the tri-sector antenna in Figure 1 can be used.
  • each BTS Base Transceiver System
  • ANI Antenna equipment indoor
  • ANB Antenna box
  • Each ANB is in turn connected to an antenna panel PAA with 8 columns.
  • the invention uses a method similar to that used in cable television, namely frequency multiplexing a number of signals on the same cable but in contrast to cable television, there are only a limited number of initial frequencies (in principle only the RX- and TX-frequencies).
  • the following description refers to an implementation of NMT-450, but the same principle can be applied to other mobile telephone-, wireless local loop- or radio communication systems.
  • the described system uses an antenna panel with 8 dipole columns, the signals to each dipole column being individually controlled. This means that from each antenna panel, 16 RF feeder cables are necessary. In an antenna system up to 20 or more antenna panels are combined. A 20 panel antenna would need 320 antenna feeder cables. With this invention, only 20 feeder cables are necessary (i.e. one cable for each panel, see Figure 2).
  • the invention consists of two parts: The indoor part and the mast head part.
  • each antenna element dipole element
  • each antenna element is connected to a duplexfilter in the mast head part where RX-signals and TX-signals are separated.
  • the signals at RX frequency are amplified in a low-noise amplifier and then converted to a new frequency in a mixer using a local oscillator signal. It is then combined with the signals from the other dipole columns, transmitted on the common feeder cable to the indoor equipment where it is converted back to its initial frequency.
  • TX-signals are frequency converted in the indoor part, combined and transmitted on the common feeder cable to the mast head equipment, converted back to their initial frequencies and amplified to the needed output power before being fed to the antenna dipole column.
  • a critical component is the filter splitter/combiner. It consists of a number of bandpass filters that are connected together at one end.
  • the bandpass filter transmits only the frequency of interest, where it presents a matched impedance. For all other frequencies, it presents a high reflection coefficient. As all bandpass filters are tuned to different frequencies, only one will load the feeder cable at each frequency.
  • Other realisations are also possible, e.g. first a multiplexer which splits • the frequency band in two or more subbands, each subband having its own filter- bank, which can be seen in Figure 4.
  • the multiplexer in Figure 4 could be arranged between the bank of bandpass filters and the capacitor of the feeder cable in the antenna indoor equipment in Figure 3.
  • Phased array antenna technology requires that a tight control of the phase shift of the signals being fed to the antenna is maintained.
  • the phase shift can be controlled by measuring and comparing the phase of signals coming out of the multiplexer. It is then advantageous to send the reference signal at the RX- or TX- frequency, without frequency conversion.
  • the same feeder cable can also be used for DC or AC power supply, which will be described below.
  • the same feeder cable is also used for digital signalling between indoor and mast head equipment (data channel) by modulating the digital signals on a carrier.
  • Wellknown modulation types as FM, FFSK, QPSK etc. can be used.
  • the local oscillators used for frequency multiplexing are included on the same feeder cable. As the same oscillators are used for up- and downconversion, the requirements on these local oscillators in terms of frequency stability and phase noise are reduced considerably. The achievement of the same local oscillator frequencies in the mast top equipment and the indoor equipment will be discussed in detail below.
  • RX-signals and TX-signals use the same LO or RX-signals occupy one frequency band and TX-signals another frequency band.
  • the data channel can be placed anywhere, e.g. below the lowest RF frequency (below 100 MHz), in a band used for unlicensed transceivers (e.g. 433MHz), see Figure 6, or above the highest RF frequency.
  • a specific frequency plan is disclosed. The distribution of the frequencies can be seen in this Figure.
  • the signals are transmitted on the feeder cables with this frequency distribution.
  • LORX ⁇ - LOTXg in Figure 5 correspond to LO (over) in Figure 6.
  • TX - TXg in Figure 5 correspond to TX (284,5 MHz - 396,5 MHz) in Figure 6.
  • RXi - RXg in Figure 5 correspond to RX (102,5 MHz - 214,5 MHz) in Figure 6.
  • the control channel (data channel) in Figure 5 uses 433 MHz and its bandwidth is approximately 2 MHz.
  • the bandwidth of RXi - RX ⁇ and TXi - TX ⁇ is approximately 5 MHz.
  • the channel spacing between RXi - RXg, TXi - TXg, LORXi - LORXg and LOTXi - LOTXg is approximately 16 MHz.
  • RX uses 452,5 MHz and TX uses 462,5 MHz as can be seen in Figure 5 and 6.
  • a signal TX in ⁇ (462,5 MHz) is for example mixed by LOTX ] (747 MHz) as is seen in Figure 3.
  • the new signal frequency is now 747 MHz ⁇ 462,5 MHz but the sum is filtered away.
  • the frequencies of the local oscillators are multiplexed directly via a filterbank (preferably 8 bandpass filters) on the feeder cable as can be seen in Figure 3.
  • DC- and AC-signals are injected directly on the feeder cable via an inductor which attenuates high frequencies (see Figure 3).
  • TX-signals are reconverted to the original frequency, and RX-signals are converted to new frequencies using local oscillators.
  • the same local oscillator frequencies are used in the mast top and the indoor equipment.
  • the local oscillators in the indoor equipment are typically frequency synthesized oscillators using the same reference frequency (e.g. 10 MHz).
  • the requirements on the local oscillators in terms of spurious, harmonics and noise are high in order not to degrade the performance of the base station. Also, because this is used in phased array antenna system, the phase difference between the different RX channels and different TX channels must be under control.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a phased array antenna system comprising an indoor equipment, a mast top equipment and at least one feeder cable between the indoor equipment and the mast top equipment wherein different kinds of signals are transmitted simultaneously on the at least one feeder cable.

Description

AN ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH A FEEDER CABLE
Field of invention
The present invention relates to an antenna system comprising an indoor equipment, a mast top equipment and at least one feeder cable between the indoor equipment and the mast top equipment.
Prior art
Today's base stations use omni-directional or tri-sector directional antennas. Figure 1 discloses for example the structure of a tri sector site. This requires only a few feeder cables from the groundbased equipment (ANI: Antenna equipment indoor; indoor equipment) up to the antenna box (ANB; mast top equipment).
In a phased array antenna system with multiple beams, the number of feeder cables is increased dramatically, and the cost of the cables becomes a significant part of the system cost. Also volume and weight become a problem. All cabling between indoor equipment and mast head equipment must be protected against lightnings. In the case of multiple feeder cables, this implies a large number of lightning protection devices, which is very expensive.
The object of the present invention is to achieve the above mentioned phased array-antenna system while reducing the number of feeder cables to a minimum.
Brief description of the invention
The above object is achieved by means an antenna system as claimed in claim 1.
The antenna system of the invention allows already installed feeder cables to be re-used. It also reduces the number of cables between base station and mast head equipment. The space occupied by cables, and the weight of the cables is reduced significantly. The cost of the cables is of course also reduced significantly.
By sending local oscillators frequencies on the same cable, the requirements on the local oscillators are reduced.
Mast head equipment must always incorporate lightning protection. By using a single cable instead of multiple cables, this protection is simplified. Other features of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
Brief description of the drawings
A detailed description of the invention is given below with reference to the following drawings, of which:
Figure 1 discloses the cable structure of a tri-sector antenna system in accordance with prior art;
Figure 2 discloses the cable structure of the antenna system according to the invention; Figure 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the mast top equipment ANB and the indoor equipment ANI according to Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a realisation of the splitter/combiner using a multiplexer; Figure 5 discloses the frequency distribution on the feeder cable of different signals used in the invention; Figure 6 is a table of the frequencies used in Figure 5.
Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 discloses the structure of the phased array antenna system in which the feeder cables of the tri-sector antenna in Figure 1 can be used. In Figure 2 each BTS (Base Transceiver System) is connected to ANI (Antenna equipment indoor) which in turn is connected to each of the ANB (Antenna box) via feeder cables. Each ANB is in turn connected to an antenna panel PAA with 8 columns. It is to be emphasized that the same feeder cables from the old antenna system in Figure 1 can be used in the antenna system in Figure 2. This means that the already installed cables of the tri-sector site in Figure 1 can be re-used in the antenna array system of the invention.
The underlying principle of the invention and the blocks ANI and ANB will now be described with reference to Figure 3.
The invention uses a method similar to that used in cable television, namely frequency multiplexing a number of signals on the same cable but in contrast to cable television, there are only a limited number of initial frequencies (in principle only the RX- and TX-frequencies). The following description refers to an implementation of NMT-450, but the same principle can be applied to other mobile telephone-, wireless local loop- or radio communication systems. The described system uses an antenna panel with 8 dipole columns, the signals to each dipole column being individually controlled. This means that from each antenna panel, 16 RF feeder cables are necessary. In an antenna system up to 20 or more antenna panels are combined. A 20 panel antenna would need 320 antenna feeder cables. With this invention, only 20 feeder cables are necessary (i.e. one cable for each panel, see Figure 2). The invention consists of two parts: The indoor part and the mast head part. As can be seen in Figure 3, each antenna element (dipole element) is connected to a duplexfilter in the mast head part where RX-signals and TX-signals are separated.The signals at RX frequency are amplified in a low-noise amplifier and then converted to a new frequency in a mixer using a local oscillator signal. It is then combined with the signals from the other dipole columns, transmitted on the common feeder cable to the indoor equipment where it is converted back to its initial frequency. In the same way, TX-signals are frequency converted in the indoor part, combined and transmitted on the common feeder cable to the mast head equipment, converted back to their initial frequencies and amplified to the needed output power before being fed to the antenna dipole column.
A critical component is the filter splitter/combiner. It consists of a number of bandpass filters that are connected together at one end. The bandpass filter transmits only the frequency of interest, where it presents a matched impedance. For all other frequencies, it presents a high reflection coefficient. As all bandpass filters are tuned to different frequencies, only one will load the feeder cable at each frequency. Other realisations are also possible, e.g. first a multiplexer which splits • the frequency band in two or more subbands, each subband having its own filter- bank, which can be seen in Figure 4. The multiplexer in Figure 4 could be arranged between the bank of bandpass filters and the capacitor of the feeder cable in the antenna indoor equipment in Figure 3.
Phased array antenna technology requires that a tight control of the phase shift of the signals being fed to the antenna is maintained. The phase shift can be controlled by measuring and comparing the phase of signals coming out of the multiplexer. It is then advantageous to send the reference signal at the RX- or TX- frequency, without frequency conversion.
The same feeder cable can also be used for DC or AC power supply, which will be described below.
The same feeder cable is also used for digital signalling between indoor and mast head equipment (data channel) by modulating the digital signals on a carrier. Wellknown modulation types as FM, FFSK, QPSK etc. can be used.
Also the local oscillators used for frequency multiplexing are included on the same feeder cable. As the same oscillators are used for up- and downconversion, the requirements on these local oscillators in terms of frequency stability and phase noise are reduced considerably. The achievement of the same local oscillator frequencies in the mast top equipment and the indoor equipment will be discussed in detail below.
In case a multibeam antenna according to the invention is replacing an existing antenna, the already installed feeder cables can be re-used. Different frequency plans are possible, among others: - LO under or over the RBS frequency band (over will be used), see Figure 6.
- RX-signals and TX-signals use the same LO or RX-signals occupy one frequency band and TX-signals another frequency band.
- The data channel can be placed anywhere, e.g. below the lowest RF frequency (below 100 MHz), in a band used for unlicensed transceivers (e.g. 433MHz), see Figure 6, or above the highest RF frequency. In Figure 5 a specific frequency plan is disclosed. The distribution of the frequencies can be seen in this Figure. The signals are transmitted on the feeder cables with this frequency distribution. It should be realized that LORX^ - LOTXg in Figure 5 correspond to LO (over) in Figure 6. TX - TXg in Figure 5 correspond to TX (284,5 MHz - 396,5 MHz) in Figure 6. RXi - RXg in Figure 5 correspond to RX (102,5 MHz - 214,5 MHz) in Figure 6. The control channel (data channel) in Figure 5 uses 433 MHz and its bandwidth is approximately 2 MHz. The bandwidth of RXi - RXβ and TXi - TXβ is approximately 5 MHz. The channel spacing between RXi - RXg, TXi - TXg, LORXi - LORXg and LOTXi - LOTXg is approximately 16 MHz. RX uses 452,5 MHz and TX uses 462,5 MHz as can be seen in Figure 5 and 6. A signal TX inμ (462,5 MHz) is for example mixed by LOTX] (747 MHz) as is seen in Figure 3. The new signal frequency is now 747 MHz ± 462,5 MHz but the sum is filtered away. Thus the new signal frequency is 747 MHz - 462,5 MHz = 284,5 MHz in accordance with Figures 5 and 6. The frequencies of the local oscillators are multiplexed directly via a filterbank (preferably 8 bandpass filters) on the feeder cable as can be seen in Figure 3. DC- and AC-signals are injected directly on the feeder cable via an inductor which attenuates high frequencies (see Figure 3). In the mast top equipment the TXjnι, is converted back to its initial frequency by the same local oscillator frequency (i.e. 747 MHz - 284,5 MHz = 462,5 MHz) and amplified to a specific output power before it is transmitted by the antenna panel.
In the mast top equipment, TX-signals are reconverted to the original frequency, and RX-signals are converted to new frequencies using local oscillators. The same local oscillator frequencies are used in the mast top and the indoor equipment. The local oscillators in the indoor equipment are typically frequency synthesized oscillators using the same reference frequency (e.g. 10 MHz). The requirements on the local oscillators in terms of spurious, harmonics and noise are high in order not to degrade the performance of the base station. Also, because this is used in phased array antenna system, the phase difference between the different RX channels and different TX channels must be under control.
There are at least two possibilities to obtain the local oscillator signals in the masthead equipment.
1. Duplicate the synthesized oscillators of the indoor equipment. This is complex because the phase difference between the local oscillators must be controlled,, With a conventional synthesizer, the phase is not known at start-up. Also, phase noise can be a problem and degrade the sensitivity of the system. 2. Multiplex the local oscillator signals from the indoor equipment on the same cable as the other signals. Since the same local oscillator is used both in the indoor and masthead equipment, phase noise will be correlated in the up- conversion process and the down-conversion process, and thus the requirement on phase noise will be reduced for both indoor and masthead equipment. Also the relative phase of the local oscillators will be under control. The multiplexed AC-signals or DC-signals are used as power supply in the mast top equipment. The multiplexed data signals on 433 MHz are used to control the mast top equipment, or to send information from the mast top equipment to the indoor equipment.
The above mentioned is only to be considered as a preferable embodiment of the invention, and the scope of the invention is only limited by following claims.

Claims

Claims
1. An antenna system comprising an indoor equipment (ANI), a mast top equipment (ANB) and at least one feeder cable between said indoor equipment and said mast top equipment, characterized in that different kind of signals are trans- mitted simultaneously on said at least one feeder cable.
2. An antenna system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said signals are multiplexed on said at least one feeder cable.
3. An antenna system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said signals are frequency multiplexed on said at least one feeder cable.
4. An "antenna system as claimed in any of the preceding claims characterized in that said signal are RX-signals, TX-signals, local oscillator signals, control signals, AC-signals and DC-signals.
5. An antenna system as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said antenna system is a phased array antenna system comprising an arbitrary number of antenna panels with an arbitrary number of antenna element columns.
6. An antenna system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that each antenna element in said columns is connected to a duplexfilter in said mast top equipment where RX-signals and TX-signals are separated, said duplex filter is connected to an amplifier where RX-signals are amplified, which amplifier is connected to a mixer where said RX-signals are converted to a new frequency by means of a local oscillator signal, wherein said RX-signals on said new frequency are combined with converted RX-signals from other antenna element columns by means of a combining unit, preferably a bank of bandpass filter, and transmitted on said at least one feeder cable to said indoor equipment where they are converted back to their initial frequencies by means of same local oscillator signal.
7. An antenna system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that a TX- signal (TX╬╣n╬╣ ) is frequency converted in the indoor equipment by means of a local oscillator signal (LOTXj), combined with other converted TX-signals by means of a combining unit, preferably a bank of bandpass filter in the indoor equipment and transmitted on said at least one feeder cable to the mast top equipment, converted back to its initial frequency by means of same local oscillator signal, amplified in a amplifier in the mast top equipment to needed output power, wherein said amplifier is connected to an antenna element in said antenna panel for transmission of said TX-signal.
8. An antenna system as claimed in claims 6 and 7, characterized in that said combining unit is bandpass filters which are connected together at one end and constitute a splitter/ combiner in the indoor equipment and the mast top equipment, respectively.
9. An antenna system as claimed in any of claims 6-8, characterized in that said local oscillator signals from said indoor equipment are multiplexed directly via a bandpass filter on said at least one feeder cable and transmitted to said mast top equipment.
10. An antenna system as claimed in any of claims 6-8, characterized in that said local oscillator signals in the said mast top equipment are obtained by duplicating synthesized oscillators of said indoor equipment.
11. An antenna system as claimed in any of claims 6-10 characterized in that said AC-signals, DC-signals are injected on said at least one feeder cable via an inductor.
12. An antenna system as claimed in claims 6-11 characterized in that said at least one feeder cable is used for digital signalling by modulating, preferably FM, FFSK, QPSK, a digital signal on a carrier.
13. An antenna system as claimed in any of claims 6-12 characterized in that same local oscillator signals are used for both upconversion and downconversion.
14. An antenna system as claimed in any of the preceding claims characterized in that in case a multibeam antenna system, i.e. phased array antenna system, is replacing an existing antenna system, the already installed at least one feeder cable is re-used.
PCT/SE1998/001929 1997-11-14 1998-10-27 An antenna system with a feeder cable WO1999026317A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU97709/98A AU9770998A (en) 1997-11-14 1998-10-27 An antenna system with a feeder cable

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9704181-8 1997-11-14
SE9704181A SE9704181D0 (en) 1997-11-14 1997-11-14 RE-use of feeder cables in a phased array antenna system
SE9800778A SE511423C2 (en) 1997-11-14 1998-03-11 A group antenna
SE9800778-4 1998-03-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999026317A1 true WO1999026317A1 (en) 1999-05-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1998/001929 WO1999026317A1 (en) 1997-11-14 1998-10-27 An antenna system with a feeder cable

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU9770998A (en)
SE (1) SE511423C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1999026317A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002039541A2 (en) * 2000-11-01 2002-05-16 Andrew Corporation Distributed antenna systems
US6583763B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2003-06-24 Andrew Corporation Antenna structure and installation
US6812905B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2004-11-02 Andrew Corporation Integrated active antenna for multi-carrier applications
WO2005088764A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method, device, base station and site for reducing the number of feeders in an antenna diversity diversity system.
WO2005094101A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-06 Nortel Networks Limited Feeder cable reduction
WO2005125045A1 (en) * 2004-06-15 2005-12-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna diversity arrangement and method
WO2007086785A1 (en) * 2006-01-25 2007-08-02 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for reducing combiner loss in a multi-sector, omni-base station
US8135086B1 (en) 2004-08-09 2012-03-13 Rockstar Bidco, LP Cable reduction
US8452333B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2013-05-28 Apple Inc. Feeder cable reduction
KR101493660B1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2015-02-13 텔레호낙티에볼라게트 엘엠 에릭슨(피유비엘) Method and apparatus for converting between a multi-sector, omni-base station configuration and a multi-sector base station configuration

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US4734703A (en) * 1985-04-01 1988-03-29 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Three-wave antenna for vehicle
US5248988A (en) * 1989-12-12 1993-09-28 Nippon Antenna Co., Ltd. Antenna used for a plurality of frequencies in common

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4734703A (en) * 1985-04-01 1988-03-29 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Three-wave antenna for vehicle
US5248988A (en) * 1989-12-12 1993-09-28 Nippon Antenna Co., Ltd. Antenna used for a plurality of frequencies in common

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7053838B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2006-05-30 Andrew Corporation Antenna structure and installation
US6583763B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2003-06-24 Andrew Corporation Antenna structure and installation
US6812905B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2004-11-02 Andrew Corporation Integrated active antenna for multi-carrier applications
WO2002039541A3 (en) * 2000-11-01 2003-05-01 Andrew Corp Distributed antenna systems
GB2387274A (en) * 2000-11-01 2003-10-08 Andrew Corp Distributed antenna systems
GB2387274B (en) * 2000-11-01 2004-09-01 Andrew Corp Distributed antenna systems
WO2002039541A2 (en) * 2000-11-01 2002-05-16 Andrew Corporation Distributed antenna systems
WO2005088764A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method, device, base station and site for reducing the number of feeders in an antenna diversity diversity system.
US8064958B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2011-11-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method device base station and site for reducing the number of feeders in an antenna diversity diversity system
US8060147B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2011-11-15 Nortel Networks Limited Feeder cable reduction
US8340724B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2012-12-25 Apple Inc. Feeder cable reduction
US7729726B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2010-06-01 Nortel Networks Limited Feeder cable reduction
US8688172B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2014-04-01 Apple Inc. Feeder cable reduction
WO2005094101A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-06 Nortel Networks Limited Feeder cable reduction
US8228840B2 (en) 2004-06-15 2012-07-24 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna diversity arrangement and method
WO2005125045A1 (en) * 2004-06-15 2005-12-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna diversity arrangement and method
US8135086B1 (en) 2004-08-09 2012-03-13 Rockstar Bidco, LP Cable reduction
US8411763B2 (en) 2004-08-09 2013-04-02 Apple Inc. Cable reduction
US8452333B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2013-05-28 Apple Inc. Feeder cable reduction
WO2007086785A1 (en) * 2006-01-25 2007-08-02 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for reducing combiner loss in a multi-sector, omni-base station
KR101336531B1 (en) * 2006-01-25 2013-12-03 텔레폰악티에볼라겟엘엠에릭슨(펍) Method and apparatus for reducing combiner loss in a multi-sector, omni-base station
US8706165B2 (en) 2006-01-25 2014-04-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for reducing combiner loss in a multi-sector, omni-base station
KR101493660B1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2015-02-13 텔레호낙티에볼라게트 엘엠 에릭슨(피유비엘) Method and apparatus for converting between a multi-sector, omni-base station configuration and a multi-sector base station configuration
KR101493541B1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2015-02-13 텔레호낙티에볼라게트 엘엠 에릭슨(피유비엘) Method and apparatus for converting between a multi-sector, omni-base station configuration and a multi-sector base station configuration

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Publication number Publication date
AU9770998A (en) 1999-06-07
SE511423C2 (en) 1999-09-27
SE9800778L (en) 1999-05-15
SE9800778D0 (en) 1998-03-11

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