WO1999025763A1

WO1999025763A1 - Flame and bloom resistant polyolefin compositions

Info

Publication number: WO1999025763A1
Application number: PCT/US1998/024326
Authority: WO
Inventors: Elizabeth S. Papazoglou; Frederick R. Scholer
Original assignee: Great Lakes Chemical Corporation
Priority date: 1997-11-14
Filing date: 1998-11-13
Publication date: 1999-05-27
Also published as: JP2001523744A; AU1409399A; IL136119A0; EP1030877A1

Abstract

Flame resistant polyolefins containing at least one polar flame retardant additive are made bloom resistant by adding a bloom inhibiting amount of an elastomer that is compatible with the polyolefin to the polyolefin. Preferred polyolefins are polypropylene and propylene/ethylene copolymers.

Description

FLAME AND BLOOM RESISTANT POLYOLEFIN COMPOSITIONS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application 60/065,536, filed November 14, 1997, incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to flame resistant polyolefin compositions. More particularly, this invention relates to flame resistant polyolefin compositions that resist blooming, and to methods for improving the bloom resistance of flame resistant polyolefins.

BACKGROUND

The UL (Underwriters Laboratory) 94 test is commonly used to measure the flame retardancy of a polymer. In this test, a test specimen of polymer (either 5" x 1/8" or 5" x 1/16") is exposed vertically to the flame from a Bunsen burner for 10 seconds. The specimen is ignited at the bottom and burns up. If the specimen self-extinguishes within 30 seconds, a second 20 second application of the flame is made. Flaming droplets are allowed to fall on dry absorbent surgical cotton located 12 inches below the sample. If the average burn time is less than 5 seconds and the drips do not ignite the cotton, the polymer is classified as V-0 in the UL94 test. If the time is less than 25 seconds and the drips do not ignite the cotton, the polymer is classified as V-l. If the sample is self- extinguishing but the cotton is ignited, the material is classified as V-2. Polyolefins such as polypropylene and copolymers of propylene and ethylene are useful in a variety of applications. In many of these applications it is preferred or mandatory to incorporate an additive into the polyolefin to improve its flame resistance or retardance. Although addition of flame retardants improves the flame retardant properties of polyolefins, the addition of the flame retardant, particularly in amounts necessary to provide a V-0 rated composition in the UL94 test, detracts significantly from the physical properties of the polyolefin. Thus, the use of flame retardants is usually a compromise between the desire for a particular degree of flame retardancy and the need to detract as little as possible from the desirable properties of the polyolefin.

The production of a polyolefin, particularly a polypropylene composition, that can achieve a V-0 rating in the UL94 test without detracting from the physical properties of the polymer has been an objective of the industry for many years. Although a V-0 rated polypropylene can be produced by incorporating flame retardants, these additives bloom from the polymer. Blooming, or plating out, is the separation of the additive from the polyolefin matrix as evidenced by a surface film on a molded specimen of polyolefin that contains the additive. Blooming may occur during cooling of the article in the mold, or may be induced via heat aging at elevated temperatures and/or extended times. The blooming problem is particularly pronounced and difficult to overcome at relatively high heat aging temperatures, that is at heat aging temperatures above approximately 70°C.

Blooming is believed to be due to the fact that the additive is more polar than the polymer to which it has been added. Thus, blooming is a function of both the additive and the polymer to which it is added. Blooming of polar additives is an especially severe problem in polypropylene, a highly non-polar polymer.

Blooming of the flame retardant not only mars the appearance of the final product but may also reduce the flame resistant properties of the polymer over time due to loss of the flame retardant. Many electrical applications for flame retardant polymers require RTI (Relative Thermal Index) ratings that involve 18 months heat aging without a loss of physical properties and flame retardant performance. If the additive blooms from the polymer, the polymer can not achieve the required RTI rating.

Tris- (trihaloneopentyl) phosphates, especially tr±s-

(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate, have been proposed for use in polyolefins. These additives are melt blendable into polypropylene and have minimal effect on the properties and processing of the polymer. Their exceptional heat stability produces material with processing and storage stability. However, even when they are used with a synergist for halogenated flame retardants such as antimony trioxide, these additives can only achieve a V- 2 rating at acceptable addition levels. A V-0 rating can only be achieved by increasing the amount of flame retardant and synergist to levels at which blooming becomes a serious problem.

Thus, a need exists for a flame retardant polyolefin, particularly a polypropylene composition, that can achieve a V-0 rating in the UL94 test yet does not suffer from blooming.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention is a flame and bloom resistant composition comprising: (a) at least one polyolefin; (b) a flame retarding amount of at least one polar flame retardant; and (c) a bloom inhibiting amount of at least one elastomer; wherein: the elastomer is compatible with the polyolefin; and the amount of elastomer added does not exceed 20 parts by weight of elastomer per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

A Preferred polyolefins are polypropylene, propylene/ethylene copolymers, and mixtures and blends thereof. Preferred elastomers are α-octene/ethylene elastomers. A preferred polar flame retardant is tris-

(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate. The composition resists blooming even at high heat aging temperatures. It is preferred that the total amount of polar flame retardants added does not exceed about 15 parts by weight of polar flame retardant or flame retardants per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

In another aspect, the invention is a method for improving the bloom resistance of flame resistant compositions, the method comprising adding at least one polar flame retardant and at least one elastomer to a polyolefin.

Addition of certain elastomers to polyolefins containing polar flame retardants produces a polyolefin that resists blooming even at high heat aging temperatures. Any elastomer that is compatible with the selected polyolefin elastomer is useful. Preferably it does not degrade the properties of the polyolefin. These materials typically have an ultimate elongation of

700% or greater.

The preferred elastomers are substantially linear ethylene/C₃-C₂o α-olefin copolymers, especially substantially linear ethylene/C₅-C₁₀ α-olefin copolymers, prepared by constrained geometry catalysis using metallocene catalysts. These copolymers are disclosed in McKay, U.S. Patent No. 5,747,580, and Chum, U.S. Patent 5,677,383, incorporated herein by reference. These copolymers are sometimes known as "metallocene elastomers. "

More preferred elastomers are substantially linear α-octene/ethylene copolymers available as the Engage^® polyolefin elastomers from DuPont Dow Elastomers, Wilmington, DE. These materials have: densities of about 0.863 g/cm³ to about 0.913 g/cm³; melt flow indices of about 0.5 dg/min to about 30 dg/min; differential thermal analysis melting peaks of about 49°C to about 107°C; ultimate tensile strengths of about 4.1 MPa to about 33.8 MPa; and ultimate elongations of about 700% to greater than 1000%.

The amount of elastomer used should be sufficient to yield an improvement in the bloom resistance of the polymer. Typically, such amounts are about 2 to 5 parts by weight of the elastomer per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin. However, up to about 20 parts by weight of elastomer, preferably up to 15 parts by weight of elastomer, may be added to reduce blooming under severe conditions, such as heating at 100°C for seven days.

The effectiveness of any particular elastomer may vary depending upon the polyolefin and flame retardant or retardants selected. In addition, the selection of a specific elastomer will also depend upon the particular application specifications. Elastomers having the requisite properties for optimization of bloom inhibition and good physical performance may be selected by routine testing.

The polyolefins (sometimes also referred to as "polyolefin resins") may be derived from a variety of monomers especially propylene, ethylene, butene, iso- butylene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, 2 -methyl propene, 2-methyl butene, 4-methylpentene, 4-methyl hexene, 5-methylhexene, bicyclo- (2, 2, 1) -2-heptene, butadiene, pentadiene, hexadiene, isoprene, 2, 3 -dimethyl butadiene, 3,1-methyl pentadiene, 1,3,4- vinylcyclohexene, vinylcyclohexene, cyclopentadiene, styrene and methyl styrene. The polyolefins include copolymers produced from two or more of any of the foregoing monomers and the like, and further include homopolymer blends, copolymer blends, and homopolymer- copolymer blends.

The preferred polyolefins are polypropylene and polyethylene, including atactic, syndiotactic and isotactic polypropylene and polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, block copolymers of ethylene and propylene, and random copolymers of ethylene and propylene. Polypropylene, propylene/ethylene copolymers, and mixtures and blends thereof are more preferred. With respect to these polymers and copolymers, the term "mixtures" includes blends.

These polyolefins may be produced using a variety of catalytic processes. The polyolefins useful in this invention may be produced by any of these processes including metallocene catalyzed processes. The polymers may have a range of melt indexes (MI) but will typically have MI values in the range 4 to 30.

The flame retardants may be any polar flame retardant additives described in the literature. A useful review of flame retardants is included in Thermoplastic Polymer Additives - Theory and Practice.

John T. Lutz, Jr., ed. , Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York (1989) .

As used herein, a polar additive is an additive that is polar relative to the polyolefin. As used herein, a polar flame retardant is a flame retardant that is polar relative to the polyolefin. Thus, the term polar additive includes polar flame retardants as well as other polar additives, such as polar photostabilizers, polar thermal stabilizers, polar pigments, etc. Polar flame retardant does not refer to the various flame retardant synergists for halogenated flame retardants, such as antimony trioxide and zinc borate .

Examples of polar flame retardants which may be useful are decabromodiphenyl oxide, available from Great Lakes Chemicals under the designation Decabrom; tetrabromo is-phenol-A--bis- (2, 3-dibromopropyl ether), available from Great Lakes Chemical Corporation under the designation PE-68; tetrabromo Jbis-phenol-S-jbis- (2 , 3- dibromopropyl ether) , available as under the designation Non-Nen-52 from Manac Inc. of Japan; adducts of hexachloroentadiene and cyclooctadiene, such as Dechlorane Plus available from Oxychem; ethylene bis-

(Jbis-bromonorborane) dicarboximide , available from

Albermarle Corporation under the designation BN451; dibromoethyldibromocyclohexane, available from the Ethyl

Corporation under the designation BCL 462; pentabromo- chlorocyclohexane, available from the Ethyl Corporation under the designation FR651P; FM 836, a halogenated phosphate ester sold by the Great Lakes Corporation; and halogenated paraffins, especially chloroparaffins and bromoparaffins, such as those available from the Ferro Corporation under the designation Bromchlor. The total amount of polar flame retardant or flame retardants added typically does not exceed about 15 parts by weight of polar flame retardant or flame retardants per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

Other polar flame retardants include tris- (trihalo- neopentyl) phosphates, aromatic and aliphatic halogenated phosphate esters, and other halogenated phosphates, and combinations thereof. Preferred tris- (trihaloneopentyl) phosphates are tris- (trichloroneopentyl) phosphate, tris- (chlorodibromo- neopentyl) phosphate, tris- (dichlorobromoneopentyl) - phosphate, tris- (tribromoneopentyl) phosphate, and combinations thereof. The most preferred tris- (trihaloneopentyl) phosphate is tris- (tribromoneopentyl) phosphate [tris- (3-bromo-2, 2-bis (bromomethyl) propyl) phosphate] .

In addition, various flame retardant synergists for halogenated flame retardants may be used. Useful synergists include antimony trioxide, sodium antimonate, antimony pentoxide, zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate, zinc borate, and any mixtures of two or more thereof. Preferred synergists are antimony trioxide and zinc borate . Zinc borate can be used to substitute for 40 to 60% of an antimony containing synergist on a weight basis. This produces a lighter product due to the specific gravity difference between zinc borate and the antimony containing synergist. Zinc borate is commercially available under the designation Firebrake^® 415.

The compositions may also comprise various other additives, such as photostabilzers, thermal stabilizers, antistatic and nucleating agents, pigments, fillers, glass, and other materials known in the art. Photostabilizers and thermal stabilizers include, for example, those available from Ciba-Geigy under the designations Irganox^® and Tinuvin^®.

The amount of polar flame retardants used should be an amount effective to yield the desired flame resistance of the polymer. Amounts will vary depending upon the particular flame retardants and polyolefin used and on the UL94 rating desired. The combination of additives may optimized using routine experimentation to achieve the particular goals desired. The nature of the polymer, the degree of flame retardancy required, the cost of the polymer, the costs of the various additives, the intended use for the flame retardant polymer, and the value in use of the flame retardant polymer are all factors that may influence the combination of additives selected.

A preferred combination of additives for use in polyolefins, especially in polypropylene, propylene/- ethylene copolymers, and mixtures and blends thereof, is disclosed in Papazoglou, WO 98/17718, incorporated herein by reference. The composition comprises: the polyolefin, preferably polypropylene; 3 to 10% by weight of at least one tris- (trihaloneopentyl) phosphate flame retardant, preferably tris- (tribromoneopentyl) phosphate; 0.5 to 5% of a co-additive halogenated flame retardant having at least one halogen atom attached to an aliphatic carbon atom as part of its molecular structure, preferably tetrabromobisphenol-A-bis (2, 3- dibromopropyl) ether or tetrabromobisphenol-S-bis (2, 3- dibromopropyl) ether; and a flame retardant synergist selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, zinc stannate, sodium antimonate, zinc hydroxystannate, and zinc borate, preferably antimony trioxide in which the ratio of the weight of antimony trioxide to the total weight of the tris (trihaloneopentyl) phosphate and the co-additive is about 1:5 to 1:1.

The compositions may be compounded using techniques well known in the art. It is desirable to achieve uniformity of the formulation if the optimum flame retardant and bloom resistant performance is to be obtained. The use of a twin screw extruder is preferred to the use of a single screw extruder. It is also desirable to keep the extrusion temperature above the melting points of the polyolefin, the flame retardants, the elastomer and any other additives. The extrusion temperature should not be so high as to accentuate the difference between the viscosities of the polyolefin and the additives. Extrusion temperatures below 230°C are generally preferable.

The use of concentrated batches (also known as "masterbatches" ) of polyolefin and polar additive (s) and elastomer (s) and subsequent letting down (dilution) of this concentrate with polyolefin is another route to achieving a well-mixed product with uniform dispersion. A suitable masterbatch typically comprises the polyolefin and from 5 to 20% (preferably from 10 to 20%) of the halogenated flame retardant.

While not being bound be any theory or explanation, it is believed that the addition of a bloom inhibiting amount of elastomer to polyolefins will inhibit blooming of low molecular weight additives that are polar relative to polypropylene, other than flame retardants. Such additives include certain light stabilizers, antistatic agents, thermal and ultraviolet stabilizers and other such additives used to improve the performance of polyolefins in various applications. As a result, compositions of the invention also comprise a polyolefin, a bloom inhibiting amount of elastomer and a relatively low molecular weight additive that is polar relative to the polyolefin. Methods of the invention comprise a method for improving the bloom resistance of a polyolefin composition comprising also providing in the composition at least one elastomer.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The compositions of this invention, especially bloom retardant and bloom retardant polypropylene, are especially useful for articles fabricated by molding processes, particularly for molded products used in the electrical industry. The advantageous properties of this invention can be observed by reference to the following examples which illustrate, but do not limit, the invention.

EXAMPLES Glossary

DLPDP Dilauryl thio dipropionate Engage^® 8180 Elastomer (density, 0.863 g/cm ; Mooney viscosity at 121°C, 35; melt flow index, 30 dg/min; shore hardness, 66; DSC melting peak, 49°C; ultimate elongation, >800%) (DuPont Dow, Wilmington, DE)

Engage^® 8403 Elastomer (density, 0.913 g/cm ; Mooney viscosity at 121°C, 1.5; melt flow index, 0.5 dg/min; shore hardness, 96; DSC melting peak, 107°C; ultimate elongation, 700%) (DuPont Dow, Wilmington, DE)

Exxon^® 7032 Ethylene/propylene copolymer (about 9% ethylene) (Exxon Chemicals) Irgafos^® 168 Tris (2 , 4-di- -butylphenyl) phosphite (Ciba-Geigy)

Irganox^ 1010 Tetrakis [methylene (3 , 5-di- t-butyl-4 - hydroxyhydrocinnamate] methane (Ciba- Geigy)

Non-Nen-52 Tetrabromo-jbis-phenol-S-Jis- (2,3) - dibromopropyl ether (Manac) PE-68 Tetrabromo- is-phenol-A-Jbis- (2,3) - dibromopropyl ether (Great Lakes Chemical)

Profax^® 6523 Polypropylene homopolymer (Himont) Sample Preparation

All additives, flame retardants and stabilizers in powder form were dry blended in a bag with the polypropylene and elastomer pellets for approximately 1 min. The contents of the bag were flood fed into a Haake 19" conical, partially intermeshing, counter rotating, twin screw extruder operating at the following conditions :

T(zone 1) = T(zone 2) = T(zone 3) = 210°C

T(die) = 220°C Feed water: on Screw speed = 60 rpm

The extruded strands were quenched in a 6 ' water bath and then pelletized. The pellets were air dried overnight to remove surface moisture, and subsequently injection molded in a Battenfeld 800/315CDC injection molding machine, operating at the following conditions:

T(zone 1) = T(zone 2) = T(zone 3) = 210°C;

T (nozzle) = 215°C T(mold) = 40°C Cooling time = 20 sec Shot size = 3.4 The mold used was a simple cavity mold producing a square plaque (2" x 2" x 1/8"), two 1/8" UL bars (1/2" x 5" x 1/8"), one 1/16" UL bar (1/2" x 5" x 1/16"), one 3/16" UL bar (1/2" x 5" x 3/16"), one ASTM tensile specimen (3/4" x 6" x 1/8"), one ASTM Izod specimen (1/2" x 2" x 1/8"), and one Oxygen Index specimen (1/4" x 5" x 1/8") .

All compositions exhibited stable processing with no surging or torque variations during extrusion. No volatiles were emitted during processing at extrusion or the injection mold. No discoloration or other signs of thermal degradation was observed during processing. Bloom Determination

Molded plaques of the desired formulations were (2" x 2" x 1/8") were oven aged at 100°C in a recirculating oven for either 8 days or 28 days. The plaques were then placed into a 400 mL beaker containing approximately 50 mL of dichloromethane for 3 min with continuous stirring. The solvent was transferred into a pre-weighed cup and allowed to evaporate. The residue was assumed to be bloomed flame retardant material .

Flame Retardance Measurements

Oxygen index is defined as the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed in volume percent, that will just support combustion. Oxygen index measurements were made following ASTM D-2863 as described in Papazoglou, WO 98/17718, . UL94 measurements were carried out using standard procedures.

Examples 1-5 These examples illustrate bloom inhibition in polypropylene compositions containing different levels of elastomeric additives and 4% tris- (3-bromo-2, 2- bis (bromomethyl) propyl) phosphate flame retardant. Results are given in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Example

Prof ax^® 6523 94% 92% 89% 92% 89%

Tri s ( 3 - bromo - 2 , 2 - 4% 4% 4% 4% bis (bromomethyl) - propyl ) phosphate

Antimony Trioxide 2% 2% 2% 2%

Engage^® 8180 4% 2% 5%

Engage^® 8403 2% -- -- 2% 5%

Avg. bloom after 0.0134 0.0059 0.0022 0.0120 0.0102

8 days (g)

Avg. bloom after 0.0279 0.0161 0.0119 28 days (g)

UL94 Rating @ 1/8" V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2

Ave. Burn time 6.8 2.3 3.6 4.2 3.2 @ 1/8" (sec)

U 94 Rating @ 1/16" V2 V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2

Ave. Burn time 3.6 2.3 2.8 3.0 4.3

1/16" (sec)

Examples 6-10

These examples illustrate bloom inhibition in compositions containing two different levels of elastomeric additives and 3% tetrabromo- is-phenol-A-

Jbis- (2 , 3) -dibromopropyl ether flame retardant. Results are given in Table 2. TABLE 2

10

Profax^® 6523 96% 94% 91% 94% 91% PE-68 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% Antimony Trioxide 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Engage^® 8180 -- 2% 5% -- -- Engage^® 8403 -- -- -- 2% 5%

Avg. bloom after 0.0276 0.0099 0.0146 0.0154 0.0152 8 days (g)

Avg. bloom after 0.0475 0.0233 0.0264 0.0214 0.0186 28 days (g)

UL94 Rating @ 1/8" V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2

Ave. Burn time 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 @ 1/8" (sec)

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2

Ave. Burn time 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 ® 1/16" (sec)

Examples 11-15

These examples illustrate bloom inhibition in poly- propylene compositions containing different levels of elastomeric additives and 8% tris- (3-bromo-2, 2-bis-

(bromomethyl)propyl) phosphate flame retardant. Results are given in Table 3.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 25 TABLE 3

11 12 13 14 15

Profax^® 6523 88% 86% 83% 86% 83%

Tris (3 -bromo-2 , 2- 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% bis (bromo-methyl) propyl) hosphate

Antimony Trioxide 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

Engage^® 8180 2% 5%

Engage^® 8403 2% 5%

Avg . bloom 0.0141 0.0084 0.0049 0.0141 0. .0104 after 8 days (g)

Avg . bloom 0.0240 0.0389 0.0093 0.0173 0. .0343 after 28 days (g)

UL94 Rating @ 1/8" V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2

Ave. Burn time 2.7 4.4 2.2 2.5 3.0 ® 1/8" (sec)

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2 V-2

Ave. Burn time 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.7 3.7

@ 1/16" (sec)

Example 16-20

These examples illustrate bloom inhibition in polypropylene compositions containing different levels of elastomeric additives and 9% tris-tetrabromo-jbis-phenol-

A-Jis- (2, 3) -dibromopropyl ether flame retardant. Results are given in Table 4. TABLE 4

Example 16 17 18 19 20

Profax^® 6523 87% 85% 82% 85% 82%

PE-68 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%

Antimony Trioxide 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

Engage^® 8180 -- 2% 5%

Engage^® 8403 -- -- -- 2% 5%

Avg. bloom after 0.0436 0.0178 0.0365 0.0324 0.0415 8 days (g)

Avg. bloom after 0.0681 0.0602 0.0777 0.0602 0.0650 28 days (g)

U 94 Rating @ 1/8" V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time 0 0 0 @ 1/8" (sec)

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time 0 0 ® 1/16" (sec)

Example 21-22

These examples illustrate bloom inhibition in a composition that contains a mixture flame retardant materials similar to that disclosed in WO 98/17718. Results are given in Table 5. TABLE 5

Example 21 22_ Profax^® 6523 88% 83%

Tris (3 -bromo-2, 2-bis (bromo- 4% 4% methyl) propyl) phosphate Non-nen 52 4% 4%

Antimony Trioxide 4% 4%

Engage^® 8180 -- 5%

Avg. bloom after 8 days (g) 0.0188 0.0120

Avg. bloom after 28 days (g) 0.0266 0.0190 UL94 Rating @ 1/8" V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time @ 1/8" (sec) 0 0

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time @ 1/16" (sec) 0 0

Example 23-24 These examples illustrate bloom inhibition and flame retardance in a composition that contains a mixture flame retardant materials similar to that disclosed in WO 98/17718. Results are given in Table 6.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 25 TABLE 6

Example 23 24_ Profax^® 6523 88% 83.

Engage^® 8180 -- 5?

Tris (3 -bromo-2, 2-bis (bro o- 3% 3' methyl) propyl) phosphate

PE-68 5% 5%

Antimony Trioxide 4% 4%

Avg. bloom after 8 days (g) 0.0197 0.0140

Avg. bloom after 28 days (g) 0.0295 0.0200

Oxygen Index 31 30.6

UL94 Rating @ 1/8" V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time @ 1/8" (sec) 0 0

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time @ 1/16" (sec) 0 0

Examples 25-28

These examples illustrate that higher amounts of elastomer can be used to reduce bloom.

TABLE 7

Example 25 26 27 28 Profax^® 6523 76% 73% 70% 73%

Engage^® 8180 12% 12% 12% 12%

Tris (3 -bromo-2, 2-bis 3% 3.75% 4.5% —— (bromo-methyl)propyl) phosphate

PE-68 5% 6.25% 7.5^ 10% Antimony Trioxide 4% 5% 6% 5%

Avg. bloom after 0.0177 0.0142 0.0282 0.0306 7 days @ 100°C (g) Oxygen Index 30.9 32.4 33.1 32

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-2 V-0 V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time @ 1/16" 0 0 0.1 0.3 (sec)

Izod impact ft-lb/in 1.34 1.21 1.21 1.5

Example 29-30

These examples illustrate bloom inhibition and flame retardance in a composition that contains a propylene/- ethylene copolymer. Results are given in Table 8.

TABLE 8

Example 29 30

Exxon^® 7032 Copolymer 81.4 76.4

Engage^® 8180 5% Tris (3 -bromo-2, 2-bis (bromo- 4.5% 4.5? methyl) propyl ) phosphate

PE-68 7.5% 7.5% Antimony Trioxide 6% 6%

Irganox^® 1010 0.15 0.15

Irgafos^® 168 0.15 0.15

DLTDP 0.3 0.3

Avg. bloom after 0.0185 0.0148 7 days @ 100°C (g)

Oxygen Index 30.9 30.7

UL94 Rating @ 1/8" V-0 V-0

Ave. Burn time @ 1/8" (sec) 0 0

UL94 Rating @ 1/16" V-0 V-0 Ave. Burn time @ 1/16" (sec) 0 0

Having described the invention, we now claim the following and their equivalents.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is :

1. A flame and bloom resistant composition, the composition comprising:

(a) at least one polyolefin;

(b) a flame retarding amount of at least one polar flame retardant ; and

(c) a bloom inhibiting amount of at least one elastomer; wherein: the elastomer is compatible with the polyolefin; and the amount of elastomer added does not exceed 20 parts by weight of elastomer per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a flame retardant synergist .

3. The composition of claim 2 in which the polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, propylene/ethylene copolymers, and mixtures thereof .

4. The composition of claim 3 in which the amount of elastomer is about 2 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin.

5. The composition of claim 3 in which the amount of elastomer is about 10 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin.

6. The composition of claim 3 in which the one or more polar flame retardants comprise a tris(trihalo- neopentyl) phosphate.

7. The composition of claim 6 in which the one or more polar flame retardants comprise tris (tribromoneopentyl) phosphate .

8. The composition of claim 1 in which the elastomer comprises an ╬▒-octene/ethylene co-polymer.

9. The composition of claim 8 further comprising a flame retardant synergist and in which the polyolefin is polypropylene, a propylene/ethylene copolymer, or a mixture thereof .

10. The composition of claim 9 in which the total amount of polar flame retardant or retardants added does not exceed about 15 parts by weight of polar flame retardant or flame retardants per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

11. A flame and bloom resistant composition, the composition comprising:

(a) at least one polyolefin selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, propylene/ethylene copolymers, and mixtures thereof;

(b) 3 to 10% by weight of at least one tris- trihaloneopentyl) phosphate flame retardant;

(c) 0.5 to 5% of a co-additive flame retardant selected from the group consisting of tetrabromobis- phenol-A-bis (2 , 3 -dibromopropyl) ether, tetrabromo- bisphenol-S-bis (2, 3 -dibromopropyl) ether, and mixtures thereof;

(d) a flame retardant synergist selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, zinc stannate, sodium antimonate, zinc hydroxystannate, and zinc borate; and (e) a bloom inhibiting amount of at least one elastomer; wherein : the elastomer is compatible with the polyolefin; and the amount of elastomer added does not exceed 20 parts by weight of elastomer per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

12. The composition of claim 11 in which the flame retardant synergist is antimony trioxide, and in which the ratio of the weight of antimony trioxide to the total weight of the tris (trihaloneopentyl) phosphate and the co-additive is about 1:5 to 1:1.

13. A method for producing a flame and bloom resistant polyolefin composition comprising at least one polyolefin and a flame retarding amount of at least one polar flame retardant additive, the method comprising incorporating into the polyolefin a bloom inhibiting amount of at least one elastomer; wherein: the elastomer is compatible with the polyolefin; the at least one polar flame retardant is more polymer than the polyolefin; the amount of elastomer added does not exceed 20 parts by weight of elastomer per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.

14. The method of claim 13 in which the composition further comprises a flame retardant synergist .

15. The method of claim 14 in which the polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, propylene/ethylene copolymers, and a mixture thereof.

16. The method of claim 15 in which the amount of elastomer is about 2 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin.

17. The method of claim 15 in which the amount of elastomer is about 10 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin.

18. The method of claim 15 in which the one or more polar flame retardants comprise a tris (trihaloneopentyl) phosphate .

19. The method of claim 18 in which the one or more polar flame retardants comprise tri (tribromoneopentyl) phosphate .

20. The method of claim 13 in which the flame and bloom resistant polyolefin composition comprises:

(c) 0.5 to 5% of a co-additive flame retardant selected from the group consisting of tetrabromobis- phenol-A-bis (2, 3 -dibromopropyl) ether, tetrabromo- bisphenol-S-bis (2, 3 -dibromopropyl) ether, and mixtures thereof ;

(d) a flame retardant synergist selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, zinc stannate, sodium antimonate, zinc hydroxystannate, and zinc borate; and

(e) a bloom inhibiting amount of at least one elastomer; wherein : the elastomer is compatible with the polyolefin; and the amount of elastomer added does not exceed 20 parts by weight of elastomer per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.