WO1999024837A1 - Ball bearing with integrated sensor - Google Patents

Ball bearing with integrated sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999024837A1
WO1999024837A1 PCT/DE1998/003189 DE9803189W WO9924837A1 WO 1999024837 A1 WO1999024837 A1 WO 1999024837A1 DE 9803189 W DE9803189 W DE 9803189W WO 9924837 A1 WO9924837 A1 WO 9924837A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ball bearing
bearing according
sensor
substrate
magnet wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/003189
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Scharrer
Edwin Vogel
Original Assignee
Wolfgang Scharrer
Edwin Vogel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wolfgang Scharrer, Edwin Vogel filed Critical Wolfgang Scharrer
Priority to EP98961061A priority Critical patent/EP1027610A1/en
Publication of WO1999024837A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999024837A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ball bearing with an integrated sensor for detecting the relative movement of the two bearing rings of a ball bearing in relation to one another according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Ball bearings with an integrated sensor also known as “sensor bearings” support rotating shafts and measure the relative movements of the two bearing rings. The speed and direction of rotation can be recorded. From this, rotational acceleration and the number of revolutions are derived. The information in question is required to an increasing extent in control technology to electronically monitor and operate systems automatically.
  • ball bearings with an integrated sensor of a conventional type include a pole wheel in the form of a toothed ring with constant recesses recurring along the circumference.
  • the toothed ring must have a particularly exact shape in the region of the recesses, so that the most exact possible sinusoidal curve can be achieved when evaluating the measurement signals. Since the magnet is also mounted on the sensor in conventional sensor bearings, errors result due to the indirect measurement that is justified as a result.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of sensor bearing which, on the one hand, is particularly simple and is inexpensive to manufacture, on the other hand ensures increased measurement accuracy.
  • the magnet wheel consists of a permanently magnetizable material and magnetic markings are provided on the magnet wheel which can be scanned by the sensor.
  • the invention ensures the possibility of a magnet wheel in a simple annular geometry, i.e. without additional post-processing steps.
  • the magnetic markings along the circumference of the magnet wheel can be introduced in a technically simple manner and with the greatest accuracy.
  • the use of magnetic markings achieves an optimal signal in the sense of a sinusoidal curve, which is independent of additional processing, whereby the accuracy of the detection can be optimized.
  • the invention makes it possible to provide more markings (codes) than was possible with the previously known mechanical designs. This also results in higher accuracy. In addition, there is no need to go through an indirect measurement, which makes the measurement more accurate and cheaper.
  • the magnet wheel expediently consists of ferrite or a ferritic material.
  • the marking or coding is carried out by N / S markings provided on the magnet wheel, which are arranged locally defined along the circumference of the magnet wheel and are scanned by the sensor.
  • the number of markings (e.g. 64 along the circumference) determines the number of pulses to be generated for the incremental recording.
  • a substrate is also provided as a carrier for one or a plurality of sensors.
  • the substrate ensures that the sensor is in close proximity to the magnet wheel and additional components on the substrate, such as temperature measurement sensors, electronic parts, a bus connection, can be provided at the same time.
  • the substrate consists of temperature-resistant material, in particular ceramic.
  • the substrate can also be made of plastic instead.
  • the sensor or sensors and the substrate are accommodated within a housing, preferably on the side of the ball bearing. This has the advantage of also accommodating the electronics close to the ball bearing.
  • the respective sensor is expediently accommodated in cutouts on the substrate. This makes it possible to reduce the distance between the substrate and the magnet wheel to the smallest distances (1/10 mm range), which improves the sealing of the ball bearing.
  • Substrate and sensors can also be used as a prefabricated unit.
  • the magnet wheel expediently extends over the entire circumference of the ball bearing.
  • the substrate carries electronic switching parts according to a further embodiment, the substrate with the associated components can be preassembled in an advantageous manner. In addition, it is even possible without difficulty to provide a bus connection on the substrate for connection to a PC or a PLC.
  • the ball bearing comprises several sensors.
  • the sensors are e.g. half a division period arranged offset to each other to obtain two 90 ° electrically offset signals (sine curve; cosine curve).
  • the two sensors are expediently arranged offset by half a division period or else by a plurality of division periods (n + 0.5).
  • an additional sensor for the zero pulse is also provided. It may also be expedient to accommodate several sensors as a sensor module in a common housing. Housing, substrate and sensors can form a prefabricated unit.
  • the sensor is a magnetic field-dependent component, in particular a semiconductor component, e.g. a Hall sensor or an MR sensor.
  • the additional sensor for temperature detection is located in the housing.
  • Another expedient embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the rotational position of the ball bearing can be determined by means of the N / S markings located on the magnet wheel. In this way, an exact determination of the position can be made for restart, for example in the event of a power failure.
  • the determination of the rotational position is expediently carried out via a parallel code or serial code which is dependent on the type and arrangement of the N / S markings.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of the ball bearing according to the invention with an integrated sensor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view according to viewing angle A in FIG. 1 without the housing
  • 3 shows a plan view of the magnet wheel with N / S markings and the associated position of sensors
  • 4 shows a plan view of the magnet wheel with N / S markings and associated different positions of sensors
  • Fig. 5 shows a highly simplified schematic representation of several tracks on the magnet wheel (Fig. 5a) and the parallel code obtained therefrom (Fig. 5b) and
  • Fig. 6 is a highly simplified schematic representation of the magnet wheel for generating a serial code (Fig. 6a) and the resulting serial code (Fig. 6b).
  • Reference number 1 in Fig. 1 designates the ball bearing with integrated sensor ("sensor bearing") in its entirety.
  • Reference number 2 designates the outer ring of the ball bearing, which is only shown for the sake of clarity on the upper side of Fig. 1 In between there is a large number of balls 4.
  • a substrate 7 Arranged laterally offset from the balls 4 there is a substrate 7 which carries sensors 8.
  • a magnet wheel 5 is connected to the inner ring 3 and is directly adjacent to the sensors 8.
  • Substrate 7, sensors 8 and magnet wheel 5 are located in a housing 11 which is connected to the outer ring 2.
  • the substrate 7 consists of temperature-resistant material, e.g. Ceramic and carries (not shown) electronic switching parts and a bus connection 15 for a PC or PLC.
  • the sensors 6, 8 and 9 are located on the substrate 7 in the immediate vicinity of the magnet wheel 5.
  • the magnet wheel 5 comprises arranged over its entire circumference, the position of which is exactly fixed North / south pole markings, which are scanned by sensors 6, 8 and 9.
  • the two sensors 6 and 8 are arranged offset with respect to the circumference. The same applies to the sensor 9.
  • the offset arrangement ensures the possibility of obtaining phase-shifted signals (for example a sine curve and a cosine curve).
  • the additional sensor 9 is provided to carry out temperature sensing in the interior of the housing 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in a highly simplified form, a section of the magnet wheel 5 with the individual locally defined N / S codes, only one of which is labeled in FIG. 3 for the sake of clarity. Furthermore, the respective position of the individual sensors 6, 8 and 9 in relation to the magnet wheel 5 can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • the sensors 6 and 8 are arranged offset from one another by a division. In this way two signals are shifted by 90 ° (sine curve; cosine curve).
  • the third sensor 9 is outside the influence of the codes on the magnet wheel 5. It is only used to set a zero point.
  • sensors 6 and 8 are laterally offset in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 and are accommodated in a single, common housing.
  • the division of the magnet wheel 5 can be carried out down to the smallest technically possible N / S markings, as a result of which the accuracy of the measurement can be considerably increased.
  • the magnet wheel 5 expediently consists of a ferrite ring into which the individual N / S markings are introduced. No further revisions are required. 5a, the magnet wheel 5 comprises a total of four tracks 18, each with different information, which are detected by individual sensors 6 assigned to the respective track 18. This makes it possible, for example, to generate four-digit parallel codes 16 according to FIG. 5b and to determine the position of the ball bearing 1, ie the substrate 7 or outer ring 2 relative to the magnet wheel 5 or inner ring 3, in addition to the information mentioned at the beginning.
  • the ball bearing 1 according to the invention is thus also able to provide information as to where the inner ring 3 is in comparison to the outer ring 2.
  • the information regarding the rotational position can also be generated by generating a serial code 17, as shown in FIG. 6a.
  • different N / S markings 10 are arranged along a track 18 and queried by individual associated sensors 6. This results in the generation of a serial code 17, as shown in FIG. 6b.
  • serial codes 16 can even be combined with serial codes 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

A ball bearing with an integrated sensor for detecting the relative displacement of the two bearing rings of the ball bearing (1) with respect to one another has a polar wheel (5) designed at least partially with sections and at least one sensor for scanning the polar wheel (5). In order to simplify the manufacture and at the same time increase measurement accuracy, the polar wheel (5) is made of a magnetisable material and magnetic marks, i.e. N/S marks which can be scanned by the sensor (6, 8 or 9), are provided on the polar wheel (5).

Description

Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor Ball bearing with integrated sensor
BESCHREIBUNGDESCRIPTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor zur Erfassung der Relativbewegung der beiden Lagerringe eines Kugellagers zueinander gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a ball bearing with an integrated sensor for detecting the relative movement of the two bearing rings of a ball bearing in relation to one another according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor oder auch „Sensorlager" genannt, stützen rotierende Wellen ab und messen die relativen Bewegungen der beiden Lagerringe zueinander. Erfaßt werden können Drehzahl und Drehrichtung. Daraus werden Drehbeschleunigung und die Anzahl der Umdrehungen abgeleitet. Die betreffenden Informationen benötigt man in zunehmenden Maße in der Steuerungs- und Regelungstechnik, um Anlagen elektronisch überwachen und automatisch betreiben zu können. Gemäß Firmenschrift „Der Relusolver - Das Prinzip zur Messung von Bewegung" der Gesellschaft für integrierte Antriebssysteme mbH umfassen Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor herkömmlicher Art, ein Polrad in Form eines Zahnrings mit gleichbleibenden, entlang des Umfangs wiederkehrenden Ausnehmungen. Der Zahnring muß im Bereich der Ausnehmungen eine besonders exakte Formgebung besitzen, damit bei der Auswertung der Meßsignale eine möglichst exakte sinusförmige Kurve erzielt werden kann. Da bei den herkömmlichen Sensorlagern desweiteren der Magnet auf dem Sensor montiert ist, ergeben sich Fehler aufgrund der hierdurch begründeten indirekten Messung.Ball bearings with an integrated sensor, also known as "sensor bearings", support rotating shafts and measure the relative movements of the two bearing rings. The speed and direction of rotation can be recorded. From this, rotational acceleration and the number of revolutions are derived. The information in question is required to an increasing extent in control technology to electronically monitor and operate systems automatically. According to the company publication "The Relusolver - The Principle for Measuring Motion" of the Gesellschaft für Integrated Antriebssysteme mbH, ball bearings with an integrated sensor of a conventional type include a pole wheel in the form of a toothed ring with constant recesses recurring along the circumference. The toothed ring must have a particularly exact shape in the region of the recesses, so that the most exact possible sinusoidal curve can be achieved when evaluating the measurement signals. Since the magnet is also mounted on the sensor in conventional sensor bearings, errors result due to the indirect measurement that is justified as a result.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein neuartiges Sensorlager zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches einerseits besonders einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist, andererseits eine erhöhte Meßgenauigkeit gewährleistet.The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of sensor bearing which, on the one hand, is particularly simple and is inexpensive to manufacture, on the other hand ensures increased measurement accuracy.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem gattungsgemäßen Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor dadurch gelöst, daß das Polrad aus einem dauerhaft magnetisierbaren Material besteht und am Polrad magnetische Markierungen vorgesehen sind, die vom Sensor abtastbar sind. Die Erfindung gewährleistet die Möglichkeit, ein Polrad in einfacher ringförmiger Geometrie, d.h. ohne zusätzliche Nachbearbeitungsschritte einzusetzen. Demgegenüber können die magnetischen Markierungen entlang des Umfangs des Polrads technisch einfach und mit höchster Genauigkeit eingebracht werden. Durch den Einsatz von magnetischen Markierungen wird ein von zusätzlichen Bearbeitungen unabhängiges optimales Signal im Sinne einer sinusförmigen Kurve erzielt, wodurch die Genauigkeit der Erfassung optimiert werden kann. Die Erfindung erlaubt es, mehr Markierungen (Codes) vorzusehen, als dies bei den bisher bekannten mechanischen Ausführungen möglich war. Auch hierdurch ergibt sich eine höhere Genauigkeit. Darüber hinaus entfällt der Umweg über eine indirekte Messung, wodurch die Messung genauer und kostengünstiger wird.This object is achieved in the generic ball bearing with an integrated sensor in that the magnet wheel consists of a permanently magnetizable material and magnetic markings are provided on the magnet wheel which can be scanned by the sensor. The invention ensures the possibility of a magnet wheel in a simple annular geometry, i.e. without additional post-processing steps. In contrast, the magnetic markings along the circumference of the magnet wheel can be introduced in a technically simple manner and with the greatest accuracy. The use of magnetic markings achieves an optimal signal in the sense of a sinusoidal curve, which is independent of additional processing, whereby the accuracy of the detection can be optimized. The invention makes it possible to provide more markings (codes) than was possible with the previously known mechanical designs. This also results in higher accuracy. In addition, there is no need to go through an indirect measurement, which makes the measurement more accurate and cheaper.
Das Polrad besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus Ferrit oder einem ferritischem Material. Die Markierung oder Codierung erfolgt durch am Polrad vorgesehen N/S-Markierungen, die entlang des Umfangs des Polrad lokal definiert angeordnet sind und vom Sensor abgetastet werden. Durch die Anzahl der Markierungen (z.B. 64 entlang des Umfangs) wird die Menge der für die In- krementalaufzeichnung notwendigen zu erzeugenden Impulse festgelegt.The magnet wheel expediently consists of ferrite or a ferritic material. The marking or coding is carried out by N / S markings provided on the magnet wheel, which are arranged locally defined along the circumference of the magnet wheel and are scanned by the sensor. The number of markings (e.g. 64 along the circumference) determines the number of pulses to be generated for the incremental recording.
Erfindungsgemäß ist desweiteren ein Substrat als Träger eines Sensors oder einer Mehrzahl von Sensoren vorgesehen. Das Substrat gewährleistet, daß der Sensor in unmittelbarer Nähe zu dem Polrad sich befindet und gleich- zeitig noch zusätzliche Komponenten am Substrat, wie z.B. Temperaturmeßsensoren, Elektronikteile, ein Busanschluß, vorgesehen sein können.According to the invention, a substrate is also provided as a carrier for one or a plurality of sensors. The substrate ensures that the sensor is in close proximity to the magnet wheel and additional components on the substrate, such as temperature measurement sensors, electronic parts, a bus connection, can be provided at the same time.
Das Substrat besteht bei einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung aus temperaturbeständigem Material, insbesondere aus Keramik. Hierdurch kann das Sensorlager bei erhöhten Betriebstemperaturen problemlos betrieben werden.In a special embodiment of the invention, the substrate consists of temperature-resistant material, in particular ceramic. As a result, the sensor bearing can be operated without problems at elevated operating temperatures.
Ist ein Betrieb bei erhöhten Temperaturen nicht erforderlich, kann anstelle davon das Substrat auch aus Kunststoff bestehen. In Anbetracht der Verwendung eines Substrats sind der Sensor oder die Sensoren sowie das Substrat innerhalb eines Gehäuses, vorzugsweise seitlich am Kugellager untergebracht. Dies bringt den Vorteil, die Elektronik ebenfalls nahe am Kugellager unterzubringen.If operation at elevated temperatures is not necessary, the substrate can also be made of plastic instead. In view of the use of a substrate, the sensor or sensors and the substrate are accommodated within a housing, preferably on the side of the ball bearing. This has the advantage of also accommodating the electronics close to the ball bearing.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der jeweilige Sensor in Aussparungen am Substrat untergebracht. Hierdurch wird es möglich, den Abstand zwischen Substrat und Polrad bis auf kleinste Abstände (1/10 mm Bereich) zu reduzieren, wodurch eine verbesserte Abdichtung des Kugellagers erreicht wird. Substrat und Sensoren können ferner bereits als vorgefertigte Einheit eingesetzt werden.The respective sensor is expediently accommodated in cutouts on the substrate. This makes it possible to reduce the distance between the substrate and the magnet wheel to the smallest distances (1/10 mm range), which improves the sealing of the ball bearing. Substrate and sensors can also be used as a prefabricated unit.
Das Polrad erstreckt sich zweckmäßigerweise über den gesamten Umfang des Kugellagers.The magnet wheel expediently extends over the entire circumference of the ball bearing.
Dadurch, daß das Substrat gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung Elektronikschaltteile trägt, kann das Substrat mit den dazugehörigen Komponenten in vorteilhafter Weise vormontiert werden. Darüber hinaus ist es sogar ohne Schwierigkeiten möglich, auf dem Substrat einen Busanschluß zur Verbindung mit einem PC oder einer SPS vorzusehen.Characterized in that the substrate carries electronic switching parts according to a further embodiment, the substrate with the associated components can be preassembled in an advantageous manner. In addition, it is even possible without difficulty to provide a bus connection on the substrate for connection to a PC or a PLC.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung umfaßt das Kugellager mehrere Sensoren. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Sensoren um z.B. eine halbe Teilungsperiode zueinander versetzt angeordnet, um zwei 90° elektrisch versetzte Signale (Sinuskurve; Cosinuskurve) zu erhalten. Die beiden Sensoren sind zweckmäßigerweise um eine halbe Teilungsperiode versetzt angeordnet oder aber um mehrere Teilungsperioden (n + 0,5) entfernt.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the ball bearing comprises several sensors. Advantageously, the sensors are e.g. half a division period arranged offset to each other to obtain two 90 ° electrically offset signals (sine curve; cosine curve). The two sensors are expediently arranged offset by half a division period or else by a plurality of division periods (n + 0.5).
Gemäß der Erfindung ist zudem ein zusätzlicher Sensor für den Nullimpuls vorgesehen. Auch kann es zweckmäßig sein, mehrere Sensoren als Sensormodul in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse unterzubringen. Gehäuse, Substrat sowie Sensoren können hierbei eine vorgefertigte Einheit bilden.According to the invention, an additional sensor for the zero pulse is also provided. It may also be expedient to accommodate several sensors as a sensor module in a common housing. Housing, substrate and sensors can form a prefabricated unit.
Beim Sensor handelt es sich um ein magnetfeldabhängiges Bauelement, insbesondere um ein Halbleiterbauelement, z.B. um einen Hall-Sensor oder einem MR-Sensor. Der zusätzliche Sensor zur Temperaturerfassung befindet sich im Gehäuse.The sensor is a magnetic field-dependent component, in particular a semiconductor component, e.g. a Hall sensor or an MR sensor. The additional sensor for temperature detection is located in the housing.
Eine weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist darin gekennzeichnet, daß mittels der auf dem Polrad befindlichen N/S- Markierungen die Drehstellung des Kugellagers feststellbar ist. Hierdurch kann eine exakte Feststellung der Position bei z.B. Stromausfall für den Wiederanlauf vorgenommen werden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Feststellung der Drehstellung über einen von der Art und Anordnung der N/S-Markierungen abhängigen Parallelcode oder seriellen Code durchgeführt.Another expedient embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the rotational position of the ball bearing can be determined by means of the N / S markings located on the magnet wheel. In this way, an exact determination of the position can be made for restart, for example in the event of a power failure. The determination of the rotational position is expediently carried out via a parallel code or serial code which is dependent on the type and arrangement of the N / S markings.
Zur Erzeugung von Parallelcodes sind in vorteilhafterweise mehrere Spuren mit entsprechenden N/S-Markierungen vorgesehen. Beispielsweise sind zur Erzeugung eines 4Bit-Parallelcodes zusätzlich vier Spuren vorhandenen.To generate parallel codes, several tracks with corresponding N / S markings are advantageously provided. For example, there are four additional tracks for generating a 4-bit parallel code.
Alternativ kann auch eine einzige Spur mit jeweils unterschiedlichen N/S- Markierungen vorgesehen sein, wobei die einzelnen Markierungen von einzelnen zugehörigen Sensoren erfaßt werden und hierbei ein serieller Code erzeugbar ist.Alternatively, it is also possible to provide a single track with different N / S markings, the individual markings being detected by individual associated sensors and a serial code being able to be generated here.
Bei einem 16Bit seriellen Code ist jedem Bit ein separater Sensor zugeordnet. Bei Bedarf können sowohl Parallelcodes als auch serielle Codes erzeugt werden.With a 16-bit serial code, a separate sensor is assigned to each bit. If necessary, both parallel codes and serial codes can be generated.
Besondere Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungsfiguren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Particular embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Schnittdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kugellagers mit integriertem Sensor;Figure 1 is a sectional view of the ball bearing according to the invention with an integrated sensor.
Fig. 2 eine Ansicht gemäß Blickwinkel A in Fig. 1 ohne Gehäuse;FIG. 2 shows a view according to viewing angle A in FIG. 1 without the housing;
Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf das Polrad mit N/S-Markierungen sowie der zugeordneten Lage von Sensoren; Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf das Polrad mit N/S-Markierungen sowie zugeordneten, unterschiedlichen Lage von Sensoren;3 shows a plan view of the magnet wheel with N / S markings and the associated position of sensors; 4 shows a plan view of the magnet wheel with N / S markings and associated different positions of sensors;
Fig. 5 eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellungsweise mehrerer Spuren auf dem Polrad (Fig. 5a) sowie den daraus erhaltenen Parallelcode (Fig. 5b) sowieFig. 5 shows a highly simplified schematic representation of several tracks on the magnet wheel (Fig. 5a) and the parallel code obtained therefrom (Fig. 5b) and
Fig. 6 eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellungsweise des Polrads zur Erzeugung eines seriellen Codes (Fig. 6a) sowie den daraus resultierenden seriellen Code (Fig. 6b).Fig. 6 is a highly simplified schematic representation of the magnet wheel for generating a serial code (Fig. 6a) and the resulting serial code (Fig. 6b).
Bezugsziff. 1 in Fig. 1 bezeichnet das Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor („Sensorlager") in seiner Gesamtheit. Bezugsziff. 2 bezeichnet den Außenring des Kugellagers, welcher lediglich der Übersichtlichkeit halber an der Oberseite von Fig. 1 dargestellt ist. Bezugsziff. 3 bezeichnet demgegenüber den Innenring. Dazwischen befindet sich eine Vielzahl von Kugeln 4.Reference number 1 in Fig. 1 designates the ball bearing with integrated sensor ("sensor bearing") in its entirety. Reference number 2 designates the outer ring of the ball bearing, which is only shown for the sake of clarity on the upper side of Fig. 1 In between there is a large number of balls 4.
Seitlich zu den Kugeln 4 versetzt angeordnet befindet sich ein Substrat 7, welches Sensoren 8 trägt. Mit dem Innenring 3 verbunden ist ein Polrad 5, welches unmittelbar an die Sensoren 8 angrenzt. Substrat 7, Sensoren 8 sowie Polrad 5 befinden sich in einem Gehäuse 11 , welches mit dem Außenring 2 verbunden ist.Arranged laterally offset from the balls 4 there is a substrate 7 which carries sensors 8. A magnet wheel 5 is connected to the inner ring 3 and is directly adjacent to the sensors 8. Substrate 7, sensors 8 and magnet wheel 5 are located in a housing 11 which is connected to the outer ring 2.
Das Substrat 7 besteht aus temperaturbeständigem Werkstoff, z.B. Keramik und trägt (nicht dargestellte) Elektronikschaltteile sowie einen Busanschluß 15 für einen PC bzw. SPS.The substrate 7 consists of temperature-resistant material, e.g. Ceramic and carries (not shown) electronic switching parts and a bus connection 15 for a PC or PLC.
Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, befinden sich die Sensoren 6, 8 sowie 9 am Substrat 7 in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Polrad 5. Das Polrad 5 umfaßt über dessen gesamten Umfang angeordnete, in ihrer Position exakte festgelegte Nord-/Südpol-Markierungen, die von den Sensoren 6, 8 sowie 9 abgetastet werden. In Fig. 2 sind die beiden Sensoren 6 und 8 zueinander in bezug auf den Umfang versetzt angeordnet. Gleiches gilt für den Sensor 9. Die versetzte Anordnung gewährleistet die Möglichkeit, phasenverschobene Signale (z.B. eine Sinuskurve sowie eine Cosinuskurve) zu erhalten. Der zusätzliche Sensor 9 ist dazu vorgesehen, eine Temperaturfühlung im Inneren des Gehäuses 11 vorzunehmen.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the sensors 6, 8 and 9 are located on the substrate 7 in the immediate vicinity of the magnet wheel 5. The magnet wheel 5 comprises arranged over its entire circumference, the position of which is exactly fixed North / south pole markings, which are scanned by sensors 6, 8 and 9. In Fig. 2, the two sensors 6 and 8 are arranged offset with respect to the circumference. The same applies to the sensor 9. The offset arrangement ensures the possibility of obtaining phase-shifted signals (for example a sine curve and a cosine curve). The additional sensor 9 is provided to carry out temperature sensing in the interior of the housing 11.
Die Fig. 3 zeigt in stark vereinfachter Form einen Abschnitt des Polrads 5 mit den einzelnen lokal definierten N/S-Codierungen, von den der Übersichtlichkeit halber lediglich eine in Fig. 3 beschriftet ist. Desweiteren ist aus Fig. 3 die jeweilige Position der einzelnen Sensoren 6, 8 sowie 9 in bezug auf das Polrad 5 zu erkennen. Die Sensoren 6 sowie 8 sind zueinander um eine Teilung versetzt angeordnet. Hierdurch werden zwei um 90° phasenverschobene Signale (Sinuskurve; Cosinuskurve) erhalten. Der dritte Sensor 9 befindet sich außerhalb des Einflusses der Codierungen auf dem Polrad 5. Mit ihm wird lediglich eine Nullpunktsetzung vorgenommen.FIG. 3 shows, in a highly simplified form, a section of the magnet wheel 5 with the individual locally defined N / S codes, only one of which is labeled in FIG. 3 for the sake of clarity. Furthermore, the respective position of the individual sensors 6, 8 and 9 in relation to the magnet wheel 5 can be seen from FIG. 3. The sensors 6 and 8 are arranged offset from one another by a division. In this way two signals are shifted by 90 ° (sine curve; cosine curve). The third sensor 9 is outside the influence of the codes on the magnet wheel 5. It is only used to set a zero point.
Alternativ zu der Ausgestaltung gemäß Fig. 3 sind bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß Fig. 4 die Sensoren 6 sowie 8 seitlich versetzt sowie in einem einzigen, gemeinsamen Gehäuse untergebracht.As an alternative to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, sensors 6 and 8 are laterally offset in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 and are accommodated in a single, common housing.
Die Einteilung des Polrads 5 kann bis zur kleinsten technisch möglichen N/S- Markierungen vorgenommen werden, wodurch die Genauigkeit der Messung erheblich gesteigert werden kann.The division of the magnet wheel 5 can be carried out down to the smallest technically possible N / S markings, as a result of which the accuracy of the measurement can be considerably increased.
Das Polrad 5 besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus einem Ferritring, in den die einzelnen N/S-Markierungen eingebracht sind. Weitere Überarbeitungen sind hierbei nicht erforderlich. Gemäß Fig. 5a umfaßt das Polrad 5 insgesamt vier Spuren 18, mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Informationen, die von einzelnen, der jeweiligen Spur 18 zugeordneten Sensoren 6 erfaßt werden. Hierdurch ist es möglich, beispielsweise vierstellige Parallelcodes 16 gemäß Fig. 5b zu erzeugen und hierbei neben den eingangs erwähnten Informationen auch die Position des Kugellagers 1, d.h. des Substrats 7 bzw. Außenrings 2 zum Polrad 5 bzw. Innenring 3 festzustellen.The magnet wheel 5 expediently consists of a ferrite ring into which the individual N / S markings are introduced. No further revisions are required. 5a, the magnet wheel 5 comprises a total of four tracks 18, each with different information, which are detected by individual sensors 6 assigned to the respective track 18. This makes it possible, for example, to generate four-digit parallel codes 16 according to FIG. 5b and to determine the position of the ball bearing 1, ie the substrate 7 or outer ring 2 relative to the magnet wheel 5 or inner ring 3, in addition to the information mentioned at the beginning.
Das erfindungsgemäße Kugellager 1 ist damit in der Lage, auch Informationen zu liefern, wo sich der Innenring 3 im Vergleich zum Außenring 2 jeweils befindet.The ball bearing 1 according to the invention is thus also able to provide information as to where the inner ring 3 is in comparison to the outer ring 2.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich hierzu kann die Information hinsichtlich der Drehstellung auch unter Erzeugung eines seriellen Codes 17 erfolgen, wie dies in Fig. 6a dargestellt ist. Hierzu werden unterschiedliche N/S- Markierungen 10 entlang einer Spur 18 angeordnet und von jeweils einzelnen zugehörigen Sensoren 6 abgefragt. Daraus resultiert die Erzeugung eines seriellen Codes 17, wie er in Fig. 6b dargestellt ist.As an alternative or in addition to this, the information regarding the rotational position can also be generated by generating a serial code 17, as shown in FIG. 6a. For this purpose, different N / S markings 10 are arranged along a track 18 and queried by individual associated sensors 6. This results in the generation of a serial code 17, as shown in FIG. 6b.
Bei Bedarf können Parallelcodes 16 mit seriellen Codes 17 sogar kombiniert werden. Die obigen Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gewährleisten den Vorteil, daß ohne zusätzliche Anbaumaßnahmen die Drehstellung des Kugellagers 1 in einfacher Weise feststellbar ist.If necessary, parallel codes 16 can even be combined with serial codes 17. The above embodiments of the invention ensure the advantage that the rotational position of the ball bearing 1 can be determined in a simple manner without additional mounting measures.
Alles in allem stellt die Erfindung daher eine erhebliche Bereicherung auf dem einschlägigen technischen Gebiet dar. All in all, the invention therefore represents a considerable enrichment in the relevant technical field.

Claims

PATENTANSPRUCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Kugellager mit integriertem Sensor zur Erfassung der Relativbewegung der beiden Lagerringe des Kugellagers zueinander, mit einem zumindest abschnittsweise ausgebildeten Polrad sowie mindestens einem Sensor zur Abtastung des Polrads,1. ball bearing with integrated sensor for detecting the relative movement of the two bearing rings of the ball bearing with respect to one another, with an at least sectionally designed magnet wheel and at least one sensor for scanning the magnet wheel,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Polrad (5) aus einem dauerhaft magnetisierbaren Material besteht und am Polrad (5) magnetische Markierungen vorgesehen sind, die vom Sensor (6, 8 oder 9) abtastbar sind.the magnet wheel (5) consists of a permanently magnetizable material and magnetic markings are provided on the magnet wheel (5) which can be scanned by the sensor (6, 8 or 9).
2. Kugellager nach Anspruch 1 ,2. Ball bearing according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Polrad (5) aus Ferrit oder zumindest ferritischem Material besteht.the magnet wheel (5) consists of ferrite or at least ferritic material.
3. Kugellager nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,3. ball bearing according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Polrad (5) N/S-Markierungen entlang mindestens eines Teils, vorzugsweise entlang des gesamten Umfangs desselben aufweist. the magnet wheel (5) has N / S markings along at least part, preferably along the entire circumference thereof.
4. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,4. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der Sensor (6, 8 oder 9) von einem Substrat (7) getragen wird.the sensor (6, 8 or 9) is carried by a substrate (7).
Kugellager nach Anspruch 4,Ball bearing according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Substrat (7) aus temperaturbeständigem Material, insbesondere aus Keramik besteht.the substrate (7) consists of temperature-resistant material, in particular ceramic.
6. Kugellager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4,6. Ball bearing according to one of claims 1-4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Substrat (7) aus Kunststoff besteht.the substrate (7) consists of plastic.
7. Kugellager nach einem der Ansprüche 4 - 6,7. Ball bearing according to one of claims 4-6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der Sensor (6, 8 oder 9) sowie das Substrat (7) innerhalb eines Gehäuses (11), insbesondere seitlich, am Kugellager (1) angeordnet sind. the sensor (6, 8 or 9) and the substrate (7) are arranged inside a housing (11), in particular laterally, on the ball bearing (1).
8. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 4 - 7,8. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims 4-7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der Sensor (6, 8 oder 9) in einer Aussparung (12, 13, 14) am Substrat (7) untergebracht ist.the sensor (6, 8 or 9) is accommodated in a recess (12, 13, 14) on the substrate (7).
9. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,9. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Polrad (5) aus magnetischem Material sich über den gesamten Umfang des Polrads (5) erstreckt.the magnet wheel (5) made of magnetic material extends over the entire circumference of the magnet wheel (5).
10. Kugellager nach einem der Ansprüche 4 - 9,10. Ball bearing according to one of claims 4-9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
in radialer Richtung gesehen Substrat (7), Sensor (6, 8 oder 9) sowie Polrad (5) schichtförmig aber seitlich zum Außenring (2) sowie Innenring (3) des Kugellagers (1) versetzt angeordnet sind.seen in the radial direction, substrate (7), sensor (6, 8 or 9) and magnet wheel (5) are arranged in layers but offset laterally to the outer ring (2) and inner ring (3) of the ball bearing (1).
11. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 4 - 10,11. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims 4 - 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Substrat (7) Elektronikschaltteile trägt.characterized in that the substrate (7) carries electronic switching parts.
12. Kugellager nach Anspruch 11 ,12. Ball bearing according to claim 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Substrat (7) einen Busanschluß (15) für Leittechnik trägt.the substrate (7) carries a bus connection (15) for control technology.
13. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,13. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
mehrere Sensoren (6, 8, 9) vorgesehen sind.several sensors (6, 8, 9) are provided.
14. Kugellager nach Anspruch 13 ,14. Ball bearing according to claim 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
Sensoren (6, 8, 9) zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind, um zwei phasenverschobene Signale zu erhalten.Sensors (6, 8, 9) are arranged offset to one another in order to obtain two phase-shifted signals.
15. Kugellager nach Anspruch 13 oder 14,15. Ball bearing according to claim 13 or 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
ein zusätzlicher Sensor (9) für den Nullimpuls vorgesehen ist. an additional sensor (9) is provided for the zero pulse.
16. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,16. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
mehrere Sensoren (6, 8 und 9) als Sensormodul in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse untergebracht sind.several sensors (6, 8 and 9) are housed as a sensor module in a common housing.
17. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 4 - 16,17. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims 4-16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Gehäuse (11), das Substrat (7) sowie der oder die Sensoren (6, 8 sowie 9) eine vorgefertigte Einheit bilden.the housing (11), the substrate (7) and the sensor or sensors (6, 8 and 9) form a prefabricated unit.
18. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,18. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der Sensor (6, 8 oder 9) ein magnetfeldabhängiges Bauelement, insbesondere Halbleiterbauelement, ist.the sensor (6, 8 or 9) is a magnetic field-dependent component, in particular a semiconductor component.
19. Kugellager nach Anspruch 18 ,19. Ball bearing according to claim 18,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das magnetfeldabhängige Halbleiterbauelement ein Hall-Sensor oder ein MR-Sensor ist.characterized in that the magnetic field-dependent semiconductor component is a Hall sensor or an MR sensor.
20. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 13 - 19,20. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims 13-19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
ein zusätzlicher Sensor zur Temperaturerfassung im Gehäuse (11) vorgesehen ist.an additional sensor for temperature detection is provided in the housing (11).
21. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,21. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
mittels der auf dem Polrad (5) befindlichen N/S-Markierungen (10) die Drehstellung des Kugellagers feststellbar ist.the rotational position of the ball bearing can be determined by means of the N / S markings (10) located on the magnet wheel (5).
22. Kugellager nach Anspruch 21 ,22. Ball bearing according to claim 21,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
die Drehstellung durch einen über die N/S-Markierungen (10) von Sensoren erfaßbaren Parallelcode (16) oder seriellen Code (17) feststellbar ist. the rotational position can be determined by means of a parallel code (16) or serial code (17) which can be detected by sensors via the N / S markings (10).
23. Kugellager nach Anspruch 21 oder 22,23. Ball bearing according to claim 21 or 22,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
mehrere Spuren mit N/S-Markierungen (10) vorgesehen sind, wodurch ein Parallelcode (16) erzeugbar ist.several tracks with N / S markings (10) are provided, whereby a parallel code (16) can be generated.
24. Kugellager nach Anspruch 21 oder 22,24. Ball bearing according to claim 21 or 22,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
eine Spur mit unterschiedlichen N/S-Markierungen vorgesehen sind, die von einzelnen Sensoren erfaßt werden und hierdurch ein serieller Code (17) erzeugbar ist.a track with different N / S markings is provided, which are detected by individual sensors and as a result of which a serial code (17) can be generated.
25. Kugellager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,25. Ball bearing according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
sowohl Parallelcode (16) als auch serieller Code (17) erfaßbar sind both parallel code (16) and serial code (17) can be detected
PCT/DE1998/003189 1997-11-06 1998-10-31 Ball bearing with integrated sensor WO1999024837A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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DE1997148996 DE19748996C1 (en) 1997-11-06 1997-11-06 Ball bearing with integrated sensor
DE19748996.6 1997-11-06

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Publication Number Publication Date
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